One document matched: draft-vasseur-mpls-ospf-te-cap-00.txt
Internet draft draft-vasseur-mpls-ospf-te-cap-00.txt October 2002
Network Working Group JP Vasseur
Internet Draft Peter Psenak
Document: draft-vasseur-mpls-ospf-te-cap-00.txt Cisco Systems, Inc
IETF Internet Draft
Expires: May, 2003
October 2002
OSPF Traffic Engineering capability TLVs
draft-vasseur-mpls-ospf-te-cap-00.txt
Status of this Memo
This document is an Internet-Draft and is in full conformance with
all provisions of Section 10 of RFC2026. Internet-Drafts are
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Abstract
This draft proposes OSPF traffic engineering capability TLVs. Two
capability TLVs are defined in the current draft: the Path
Computation Server Discovery (PCSD) TLV that allows a router to
announce its Path Computation Server capability to other LSRs within
an OSPF area or a routing domain and the Mesh-group TLV used by an
LSR to indicate its desire to participate to a mesh of Traffic
Engineering Label Switched Path (this mesh of TE LSPs is identified
by a mesh-group number). They are both used in the context of MPLS
Traffic Engineering. Additional OSPF TE capability TLVs may be added
in further revision of this draft. Those OSPF TE capability TLVs
will be carried within the OSPF router information LSA (opaque type
of 4, opaque ID of 0) defined in [18].
1. Where does this draft fit in the picture of the Sub-IP and OSPF WG ?
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This document specifies OSPF extensions in support of MPLS Traffic
Engineering. It will be discussed in the CCAMP Working Group with a
review of the OSPF Working Group.
2. Terminology
Terminology used in this draft
LSR: Label Switch Router
PCS: Path Computation Server (may be an LSR (ABR, ASBR, ...) or a
dedicated path computation server (typically a UNIX machine) not
forwarding packet.
PCC: Path Computation Client (any head-end LSR) requesting a path
computation to the Path Computation Server.
TE LSP: Traffic Engineering Label Switched Path
Head-end TE LSP: head/source of the TE LSP
Tail-end TE LSP: tail/destination of the TE LSP
Intra-area TE LSP: TE LSP whose head-end and tail-end reside in the
same area
Inter-area TE LSP: TE LSP whose head-end and tail-end reside in
different areas (the TE LSP spans areas)
Inter-AS TE LSP: TE LSP whose head-end and tail-end reside in
different Autonomous Systems (the TE LSP spans AS)
3. Introduction
This section describes the usage of the two OSPF capabilities TLV:
the Path Computation Server Discovery TLV and the Mesh-Group TLV.
Those OSPF TE capability TLVs will be carried within the OSPF router
information LSA (opaque type of 4, opaque ID of 0) defined in [18].
3.1 Path Computation Server Discovery (PCSD) TLV
This draft specifies a new OSPF TE capability TLV called the PCSD
TLV for the Auto-discovery of one or more Path Computation
Server(s). In various situations (GMPLS, inter-area TE, ...), an LSR
may send a request to a Path Computation Server (PCS) to compute one
or more Traffic Engineering LSP paths obeying a set of specified
constraints.
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[4] specifies RSVP extensions:
- for a PCC to send path computation requests to a PCS to
compute TE LSP(s) obeying a set of specified constraints,
- for the PCS to provide to the PCC one or more computed paths
obeying the set of constraints (or to return an indication
mentioning no path obeying the constraints could be found).
The scope of this document is to define a new OSPF TE capability TLV
carried within an OSPF router information LSA such that a
LSR/centralized path computation tool may announce its capability to
be a Path Computation Server within an area or an Autonomous System.
This allows every LSR in the network to automatically discover the
Path Computation Server(s), which substantially simplifies head-end
LSRs configuration. Moreover, this allows to detect dynamically any
new PCS or that a PCS is no longer active.
3.2 Mesh-group TLV
As of today, there are different approaches in deploying MPLS
Traffic Engineering:
(1) the systematic approach consisting of setting up a full
mesh of tunnels between P or PE routers, with the objective of
optimizing the bandwidth usage in the core,
(2) the "by exception" approach where a set TE LSPs are set up
on hot spots to alleviate a congestion resulting in an
unexpected traffic growth in some part of the network.
The systematic approach requires setting up a full mesh of TE LSPs,
which implies the configuration of a large number of tunnels on
every Hean-End LSR (P or PE LSR). A full TE mesh of n LSRs requires
the set up of O(n^2) TE LSPs. Furthermore, the addition of any new
LSR in the mesh implies to configure n TE LSPs on the new LSR and to
add a new TE LSP on every LSR ending to this new LSR, which gives a
total of 2*n TE LSPs. This is not only time consuming but also not a
low risk operation for Service Providers. So a more automatic way of
setting up full mesh of TE LSP might be desirable. This requires to
define a new TE capability TLV (called the Mesh-group TLV) such that
an LSR can announce its desire to join a particular TE LSP mesh,
identified by a mesh-group number.
4. PCSD and Mesh-group TLV formats
This section defines the PCSD and the Mesh-group TLV formats carried
in an OSFP router information LSA as defined in [18].
The PCSD and the Mesh-group TLV have the following format:
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
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| Type | length |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
// Value //
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Where
Type: identifies the TLV type
Length: length of the value field in octets
The format of the TLV is the same as the TLV format used by the
Traffic Engineering Extensions to OSPF [5]. The TLV is padded to
four-octet alignment; padding is not included in the length field (so
a three octet value would have a length of three, but the total size
of the TLV would be eight octets). Nested TLVs are also 32-bit
aligned. Unrecognized types are ignored. All types between 32768
and 65535 are reserved for vendor-specific extensions. All other
undefined type codes are reserved for future assignment by IANA.
Note that a sub-TLV is similar to a TLV: TLV are carried within an
LSA as sub-TLVs are carried within TLVs. Each sub-TLV describes a
particular Path Computation Server capability. In the rest of this
document both terms will be used interchangeably.
The PCSD TLV type is 2. The PCSD TLV is made of a set of non ordered
TLVs each having the same format as described above.
The Mesh-group TLV type is 3. The Mesh-group TLV does not have any
sub-TLV currently defined.
4.1 PCSD sub-TLVs
This section defines the sub-TLVs carried within the PCSD TLV
payload.
The PCSD TLV is made of various non ordered TLVs defined bellow:
TLV type Length Name
1 4 Path computation server scope TLV
2 variable Path computation server address TLV
3 8 Path computation server capability TLV
4 8 AS-domain TLV
Any non recognized TLV must be silently ignored.
4.1.1 Path computation server scope TLV
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The path computation server scope TLV specifies the zone for which
the path computation server is capable of performing TE LSP path
computation.
The path computation server scope TLV type is 1, its length is 4, and
the value is a set of flags:
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| 1 | 4 |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Reserved | Flags | |A|I|L|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Path computation server scope TLV format
Flags: no flags are currently defined.
Scope
L (local scope). When set, this flag indicates that the PCS can
compute paths for the area the LSA is flooded into (i.e the PCS can
compute TE LSP path for intra-area TE LSPs).
I (inter-area scope). When set, the PCS can perform TE LSP path
computation for inter-area TE LSPs (i.e TE LSP whose destination IP
address belongs to another area of the head-end LSR) but within the
same AS.
A (multi-domain scope). When set, the PCS can perform path
computation for inter-domain TE LSP. In this case, the PCSD TLV must
contain one or more AS-domain TLV(s) each describing the domain for
which the PCS can compute TE LSPs paths having their destination
address in this domain.
Note that a PCS may set one or more flags.
See section 5 for a detailed description of the elements of
procedure.
4.1.2 Path Computation Server address TLV
The PCS address TLV specifies the IP address to be used to reach the
PCS described by this PCSD TLV. This address will typically be a
loop-back address, always reachable, provided the router is not
isolated. The Path Computation Server Address TLV is mandatory.
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The PCS address TLV type is 2, length is 8 octets for an IPv4
address and 20 octets for an IPv6 address, and the value is the PCS
IPv4 or IPv6 address.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| 2 | variable (8 or 20) |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| address-type | Reserved |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
// PCS IP address //
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Path Computation Server address TLV format
Address-type:
1 IPv4
2 IPv6
The Path Computation Server address TLV MUST appear exactly once in
the PCSD TLV originated by a router. The only exception is when the
PCS has both an IPv4 and IPv6 address; in this case, two path
computation server address TLVs might be inserted: one for the IPv4
address, one for the IPv6 address.
4.1.3 Path Computation Server capability TLV
The PCS capability TLV is used by the PCS to signal its path
computation server capabilities. This TLV is optional.
The PCS capability TLV type is 3 and the length is 8 octets.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| 3 | 8 |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Reserved |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|P|M|D|E|G| Reserved |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
PCS capability TLV format
P bit
The notion of request priority allows a PCC to specify how urgent is
the request setting a flag in the REQUEST_ID object of the Path
computation request message. See [4] for more details.
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P=1: the PCS takes into account the ''request priority'' in its
scheduling of the various requests.
P=0: the PCS does not take the request priority into account
M bit
M=1: the PCS is capable of computing more than one paths obeying a
set of specified constraints, provided that they exist.
M=0: the PCS cannot compute more than one path obeying a set of
specified constraints.
D bit
The PCC may request the PCS to compute N diversely routed paths
obeying a set of specified constraints.
Such N paths may not exist of course depending on the current state
of the network. See [4] for more details.
D=1: the PCS is capable of computing diversely (link, node, SRLG)
routed paths.
D=0: the PCS is not capable of computing diversely routed paths.
The D bit is relevant if and only if the M bit has been set to 1. It
must be set to 0 if the M bit is set to 0.
E bit
The PCC may request the PCS the computation of a path obeying a set
of constraints one of those constraints being that one or more
specified network element object must not be traversed by the LSP (a
network element may be a link, an LSR or an Autonomous System). See
[4] for more details.
E=1: the PCS is capable of computing TE LSP paths excluding some
network elements.
E=0: the PCS is not capable of computing paths excluding network
elements.
G bit
As defined in [4], the PCC may send a request specifying the metric
to be used by the PCS when computing the shortest path during the
CSPF.
G=1: the PCS supports the computation of CSPF with various metrics
G=0: the PCS just computes the CSPF based on the TE metric
Note that for future capability, it may be desirable to introduce
new flags or may be new TLV to be carried in the PCSD capability TLV
if the capability needs more than just a single flag to be
described.
4.1.4 AS-domain TLV
When the PCS can perform path computation for inter-domain TE LSP,
the A bit of the path computation server scope TLV must be set.
Moreover, one or more TLVs MUST included within the PCSD TLV, each
TLV identifying an AS number. Each TLV will have the following form:
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0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| 4 | 4 |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| AS Number |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
AS-domain TLV format
The AS-domain TLV type is 4, length is 4 octets, and the value is the
AS number identifying the AS for which the PCS can compute inter-
domain TE LSP paths (TE LSP having their destination address in this
domain). When coded on two bytes (which is the current defined format
as the time of writing), the AS Number field must have its left two
bytes set to 0.
The set of AS-domain TLVs specifies a list of ASes (AS1, ... , ASn).
This means that the PCS can compute TE LSP path such that the
destination address of the TE LSP belong to this set of ASes.
4.2 Mesh-group TLV format
The mesh-group TLV has the following format:
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| 3 |Length: Variable (N*8 octets) |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| mesh-group-number |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Tail-end address |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
// //
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Mesh-group TLV format
N is the number of mesh-groups.
For each Mesh-group announced by the LSR, the TLV contains:
- a mesh-group-number: identifies the mesh-group number,
- a Tail-end address: IP address to be used as a tail-end
address by other LSR belonging to the same mesh-group.
5. Elements of procedure
The PCSD and Mesh-group TLVs are carried within an OSPF router
information opaque LSA (opaque type of 4, opaque ID of 0) as defined
in [18].
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A router must originate a new OSPF router information LSA whenever
the content of the PCSD or Mesh-group TLV changes or whenever
required by the regular OSPF procedure (LSA refresh (every
LSRefreshTime, ...)).
As defined in RFC2370, an opaque LSA has a flooding scope determined
by its LSA type:
- link-local (type 9),
- area-local (type 10)
- entire OSPF routing domain (type 11). In this case, the
flooding scope is equivalent to the Type 5 LSA flooding scope.
A router may generate multiple OSPF router information LSA with
different flooding scope.
The PCSD TLV may be carried within a type 10 or 11 router
information LSA depending on the path computation server scope.
- If the PCS can compute intra-area TE LSP, the L bit of the
path computation server scope sub-TLV of the PCSD TLV must be
set and the PCSD TLV must be generated within a Type 10 router
information LSA,
- If the PCS can compute inter-area TE LSP, the I bit of the
path computation server scope sub-TLV of the PCSD TLV must be
set. The PCSD TLV must be generated:
- within a Type 10 router information LSA if the PCS
can compute inter-area TE LSP path for the LSRs in the
area it is attached to (for instance the PCS is an ABR
computing inter-area TE LSP path for its attached
areas)
- within a Type 11 router information LSA is the PCS
can compute inter-area TE LSP path for the whole
domain.
- If the PCS can compute inter-AS TE LSP, the A bit of the path
computation server scope sub-TLV of the PCSD TLV must be set
and the PCSD TLV must be generated within a Type 11 router
information LSA,
The Mesh-group TLV may be carried within a type 10 or 11 router
information LSA depending on the MPLS TE mesh-group profile:
- If the MPLS TE mesh-group is contained with a single area
(all the LSR have their Head-End and Tail-End within the same
area), the Mesh-group TLV must be generated within a Type 10
router information LSA,
- If the MPLS TE mesh-group spans multiple OSPF areas, the
Mesh-group TLV must be generated within a Type 11 router
information LSA,
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Note: if the PCS can both compute intra and inter-area TE LSP paths,
both the L and I bits of the path computation server scope TLV must
be set. The flags are not exclusive. This only applies to the PCSD
TLV carried within the type 10 router information LSA.
If a PCS can compute intra-area TE LSP and inter-area or inter-AS TE
LSP path, it must originate:
- a type 10 OSPF router information LSA with a PCSD TLV having
L=1 and the I and A flags of its Path Computation Server scope
TLV set as described above ,
- a type 11 OSPF router information LSA with a PCSD TLV having
L=0 and the I and A flags of its Path Computation Server scope
TLV set as described above,
Example
<-----------------AS1----------------->
<---area 1--><----area 0-----><-area 2->
R1---------ABR1*------------ABR3*-----| ------------
| | | | | |
| S1 | S2 | ASBR1*--eBGP--ASBR2-| AS2 |
| | | | | |
R2---------ABR2*------------ABR4------| ------------
The areas contents are not detailed.
Assumptions:
- area 1 and area 2 are regular areas
- the * indicates a Path computation server capability
- ABR1 is a PCS for area 1 only
- ABR2 is a PCS for intra and inter-area TE LSP path computation in
area 0 and 1
- ABR3 is a PCS for only inter-area TE LSP path computation for the
whole domain,
- S1 is a PCS for area 1 only
- S2 is a PCS for the whole domain,
- ASBR1 is a PCS for inter-AS TE LSP only whose destination resides
in AS2 (not for intra or inter-area area TE LSPs).
In the example above:
- S1 originates a type 10 router information LSA with a PCSD TLV
such that:
o The L bit of the path computation server scope TLV is set,
o The I and A bits of the path computation server scope TLV are
cleared.
- ABR1 originates in area 1 a type 10 router information LSA with a
PCSD TLV such that:
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o The L bit of the path computation server scope TLV is set,
o The I and A bits of the path computation server scope TLV are
cleared,
- ABR2 originates in both area 0 and 1 a type 10 router information
LSA with a PCSD TLV such that:
o The L and I bits of the path computation server scope TLV are
set,
o The A bit of the path computation server scope TLV is
cleared
- ABR3 originates a type 11 router information LSA with a PCSD TLV
such that:
o The L bit of the path computation server scope TLV is
cleared,
o The I bit of the path computation server scope TLV is set,
o The A bit of the path computation server scope TLV is
cleared,
- S2 originates:
- in area 0 a type 10 router information LSA with a PCSD TLV
such that:
o The L and I bits of the path computation server scope
TLV are set,
o The A bit of the path computation server scope TLV
is cleared,
- a type 11 router information LSA with a PCSD TLV such that:
o The L bit of the path computation server scope TLV is
cleared,
o The I bit of the path computation server scope TLV is
set,
o The A bit of the path computation server scope TLV
is cleared,
- ASBR1 originates a type 11 router information LSA with a PCSD TLV
such that:
o The L bit and the I bit of the path computation server scope
TLV are cleared,
o The A bit of the path computation server scope TLV set,
o One AS-domain TLV within the PCSD TLV with AS number = AS2
The receipt of a new router information LSA carrying a PCSD TLV
never triggers an SPF calculation.
When an LSR or a dedicated path computation server is newly
configured as a PCS, the corresponding router information LSA must
be immediately flooded.
When a PCS capability changes, the corresponding router information
LSA must be immediately flooded.
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When an LSR or a dedicated path computation server looses its path
computation server capability, the corresponding router information
LSA must be immediately flooded with LS age = MaxAge.
5. Interoperability with routers non supporting this capability
There is no interoperability issue as a router non-supporting the
PCSD and Mesh-Group TLVs should just silently discard those TLVs as
specified in RFC2370.
6. Security Considerations
No new security issues are raised in this document.
7. Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank Abhay Roy, Dan Tappan, Robert Raszuk
and Vishwas Manral for their comments.
8. References
[1] Moy, J., "OSPF Version 2", RFC 2328, April 1998.
[2] Awduche, D., et al, "Requirements for Traffic Engineering Over
MPLS," RFC 2702, September 1999.
[3] Coltun, R., "The OSPF Opaque LSA Option," RFC 2370, July 1998.
[4] Vasseur et al, "RSVP Path computation request and reply
messages ", draft-vasseur-mpls-computation-rsvp-te-03.txt, work in
progress.
[5] Katz, D., Yeung, D., "Traffic Engineering Extensions to OSPF",
draft-katz-yeung-ospf-traffic-04.txt
[6] Smit, H. and T. Li, "ISIS Extensions for Traffic Engineering,"
draft-ietf-isis-traffic-03.txt, work in progress.
[7] Kompella, K., and Rekhter, Y., "LSP Hierarchy with MPLS TE",
Internet Draft, draft-ietf-mpls-lsp-hierarchy-02.txt, Feb., 2001.
[8] Kompella, K., Rekhter, Y., "Signalling Unnumbered Links in RSVP-
TE", Internet Draft, draft-ietf-mpls-rsvp-unnum-01.txt, February 2001
[9] Kompella, K., Rekhter, Y., Banerjee, A. et al, "OSPF
Extensions in Support of Generalized MPLS", draft-ietf-ccamp-
ospf-gmpls-extensions-06.txt (work in progress)
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Internet draft draft-vasseur-mpls-ospf-te-cap-00.txt October 2002
[10] Ashwood-Smith, P. et al, "Generalized MPLS Signaling - CR-LDP
Extensions", Internet Draft, draft-ietf-mpls-generalized-cr-ldp-
01.txt, February 2001.
[11] Ashwood-Smith, P. et al, "Generalized MPLS - Signaling
Functional Description", Internet Draft, draft-ietf-mpls-generalized-
signaling-02.txt,
February 2001.
[12] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement
Levels," RFC 2119.
[13] Braden, R. Ed. et al, "Resource ReserVation Protocol-- Version 1
Functional Specification", RFC 2205, September 1997.
[14] Awduche, et al, "RSVP-TE: Extensions to RSVP for LSP Tunnels",
RFC 3209, December 2001.
[15] Berger L., Gan D., Swallow G., Pan P., Tommasi F., Molendini S.,
"RSVP Refresh Overhead Reduction Extensions", RFC 2961, April 2001.
[16] Le faucheur, "Use of IGP Metric as a second TE Metric",
Internet draft, draft-lefaucheur-te-metric-igp-00.txt.
[17] Fedyk D., Ghanwani A., Ash J., Vedrenne A. "Multiple Metrics
for Traffic Engineering with IS-IS and OSPF", Internet draft,
draft-fedyk-isis-ospf-te-metrics-01.txt
[18] Aggarwal et all, ''Extensions to IS-IS and OSPF for Advertising
Optional Router Capabilities'', Internet draft, draft-raggarwa-igp-
cap-01.txt, October 2002.
9. Author's Addresses
JP Vasseur
CISCO Systems, Inc.
300 Apollo Drive
Chelmsford, 01824
Email: jpv@cisco.com
Peter Psenak
CISCO Systems, Inc.
Pegasus Parc
De Kleetlaan 6A
1831, Diegem
BELGIUM
Email: ppsenak@cisco.com
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