One document matched: draft-seitz-netconf-xacml-00.txt




Network Working Group                                           L. Seitz
Internet-Draft                                SICS, Swedish Institute of
Intended status: Standards Track                     Computer Science AB
Expires: December 27, 2007                                   E. Rissanen
                                                           Axiomatics AB
                                                           June 25, 2007


                NETCONF access control profile for XACML
                    draft-seitz-netconf-xacml-00.txt

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Copyright Notice

   Copyright (C) The IETF Trust (2007).












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Abstract

   The NETCONF remote network configuration protocol currently lacks an
   access control model.  The need for such a model has be recognized
   within the NETCONF working group.  The eXtended Access Control Markup
   Language (XACML) is an XML-based access control standard, with
   widespread acceptance from the industry and good open-source support.
   This document proposes a profile that defines how to use XACML to
   provide fine-grain access control for NETCONF commands.


Table of Contents

   1.  Requirements notation  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3
   2.  Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  4
   3.  XACML overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  5
   4.  NETCONF overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  6
   5.  Policy and Request profile for XACML . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7
     5.1.  Abbreviations and namespaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7
     5.2.  New XACML functions, attributes and datatypes  . . . . . .  7
     5.3.  get and get-config RPC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  8
     5.4.  edit-config RPC  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
     5.5.  copy-config and delete-config RPC  . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
     5.6.  lock and unlock RPC  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
     5.7.  kill-session RPC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
     5.8.  close-session RPC  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
   6.  Consequences for NETCONF RPC processing  . . . . . . . . . . . 21
   7.  Security Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
   8.  References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
     8.1.  Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
     8.2.  Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
   Appendix A.  Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
   Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
   Intellectual Property and Copyright Statements . . . . . . . . . . 26

















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1.  Requirements notation

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].














































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2.  Introduction

   The NETCONF protocol rfc [RFC4741] specifies in its Security
   Considerations (section 9) that "This document does not specify an
   authorization scheme, ...  Implementors SHOULD provide a
   comprehensive authorization scheme with NETCONF".  In this document a
   profile is defined and explained that allows to use the eXtended
   Access Control Markup Language [XACML] as authorization scheme for
   NETCONF commands.  The reasons why the use of XACML is suggested are
   the following:

   o  XACML is an open standard that has been developed by an industry
      consortium.

   o  XACML is an XML [XML] based approach, that is well adapted to the
      authorization challenges encountered within NETCONF.

   o  XACML is widely accepted and used in a number of commercial
      products [XACMLProducts].

   o  Open-source implementations of the XACML standard are readily
      available.





























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3.  XACML overview

   This section gives a short overview of what XACML is and how it
   works.  We only describe the parts of XACML that are needed in this
   draft, therefore some descriptions may not reflect the full
   functionality of the corresponding XACML element.  Some familiarity
   with the terms from [RFC2904] is expected from the reader.  The
   references also include a more detailed introduction [XACMLIntro].

   The XACML standard defines two things:

   o  A XML schema defining a syntax for requests, access control
      policies and responses.

   o  A processing model that specifies how a request shall be evaluated
      by a PDP against a set of policies in order to generate a
      response.

   A request is a collection of attributes typically describing the
   requesting subject, the requested resource and the action that the
   subject wishes to perform on the resource.  An attribute can for
   example be a role of the user or a resource group-id.

   A policy consists of a target and one or more rules generating an
   effect.  The target describes for which request the policy applies,
   in terms of conditions on a set of attributes.  During evaluation
   these attributes are fetched from the request and from external
   information sources (PIPs) available to the PDP.  If a policy
   applies, its effect will either be PERMIT or DENY.






















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4.  NETCONF overview

   The NETCONF configuration protocol describes a set of operations that
   read or write configuration data on a network device.  These
   operations are transferred to the device by the means of remote
   procedure calls (RPCs) encoded in XML.  The different protocol
   operations are:

   o  <get-config> allows to get specific parts of a specific
      configuration.

   o  <edit-config> allows to edit specific parts of a specific
      configuration.

   o  <copy-config> allows to overwrite a specific configuration with a
      new one from a specific source.

   o  <delete-config> allows to delete a specific configuration.

   o  <lock> allows to lock a specific configuration for editing.

   o  <unlock> allows to unlock a specific configuration.

   o  <get> allow to get specific parts from the "running"
      configuration.

   o  <close-session> allows to close your own session.

   o  <kill-session> allows to kill someone else's session.

   For a more specific description of the NETCONF protocol please refer
   to [RFC4741].

   The present document defines an access control model for these
   operation.
















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5.  Policy and Request profile for XACML

   The goal of this section is to define how a PEP SHOULD generate a
   XACML request from a RPC carrying a NETCONF operation.  The response
   to this request determines whether the RPC is processed or discarded.
   Furthermore this profile defines how policies corresponding to
   permissions about a specific NETCONF operation on specific data
   SHOULD be formulated.  A strong familiarity with the latest XACML
   syntax is required to fully appreciate this section.

   The part of XACML authorisation that deals with the subjects (e.g. in
   terms of user groups or roles) is out of scope for this profile,
   since it is not in any way specific to the NETCONF protocol.  Thus
   all the following definitions omit the subject parts of both requests
   and policies (indicated by "...").  This part can be defined
   independently from this profile.

5.1.  Abbreviations and namespaces

   Since XML in general, and especially the XACML syntax, are quite
   verbose we have defined a set of abbreviations, that can be found in
   section Appendix A.

   In order to clearly identify new XACML functions, attributes, and
   data-types defined specifically for this profile they SHALL have the
   identifier-prefix "xacml-netconf".  Thus the following identifiers-
   prefixes SHALL be used:

   o  Functions: "xacml-netconf:function:"

   o  Attributes: "xacml-netconf:attribute:"

   o  Data-types: "xacml-netconf:data-type:"

5.2.  New XACML functions, attributes and datatypes

   This section defines the new functions, attributes and data-types for
   XACML introduced by this profile.

   o  XACML function: Id="xacml-netconf:function:xpath-node-match"
      Parameter 1 data-type: &xpath;
      Parameter 2 data-type: &xpath;

      The basic idea of this function is to check whether a node in a
      xml-document is matched by a certain XPath [XPath].  Due to the
      difficulty of encoding a node in its document context, we use a
      second XPath to point to that node in the document.
      This function works in two steps.  First it evaluates the second



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      xpath (representing the node) against the Content element of the
      Request.  This XPath must match a single node only (otherwise an
      error is returned).
      In the second step, the first XPath expression is evaluated
      against the same Content.  If the resulting set of nodes contains
      the node that results from the first step or one of its ancestors,
      the value of this function is true, otherwise it is false.

   o  XACML attribute: Id="xacml-netconf:attribute:rpc-target"
      Category=&Resource;
      data-type=&string;

      This attribute indicates which data store the operation is
      targeting.  In the case of the copy-config command, this is the
      destination data store.  For the lock/unlock commands this is the
      target data store.  An example value would be "running".

   o  XACML attribute: Id="xacml-netconf:attribute:rpc-source"
      Category=&Resource;
      data-type=&string; or data-type=&AnyURI;

      This attribute indicates the source for the operation.  In the
      case of the copy-config command, this is the source data store or
      an URL.  An example value would be "candidate".

   o  XACML data type: Id="xacml-netconf:data-type:xpath-expression"

      This data type is a XPath.  The data type also encodes necessary
      namespace information, if the XPath is to be used on a namespace
      aware document.  The encoding is an XML-tag with the name of
      "xpath" containing zero or more attributes, each defining a
      namespace prefix to namespace URI matching for use with this
      XPath.
      An example xpath expression would look like this:


       <AttributeValue DataType="&xpath;">
         <xpath xmlns:ns1="http://example.com/schema/1.2/config">
           //ns1:top/ns1:interfaces[ns1:name="Ethernet"]
         </xpath>
       </AttributeValue>


5.3.  get and get-config RPC

   The get/get-config RPCs get a special treatment, because it was
   deemed that the whole RPC shouldn't fail just because the the user is
   not authorised to read parts of the result.  Instead the desired



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   behaviour in such a case is to prune the results that are not covered
   by the users rights.  Therefore this profile RECOMMENDS to perform
   access control on the result of a get/get-config RPC instead of on
   the RPC itself, so that the unauthorised elements can be filtered out
   and only the authorised ones remain.

   Requests for get/get-config RPCs SHALL be formed as follows: As a
   first step, calculate which nodes of the data model are the results
   of the RPC.  For each node in the result, run an XACML request.  The
   request contains

   1.  The whole result document under the <Content> node.

   2.  A "&Resource;" category attribute with AttributeId=&resource-id;
       having the AttributeValue of DataType="&xpath;" which contains an
       XPath that uniquely identifies the node in question.

   3.  Another &Resource; category attribute with AttributeId="xacml-
       netconf:attribute:rpc-source" and the AttributeValue with
       DataType="&string;" that identifies the data-model this RPC uses
       as source (i.e. "running", "startup" or "candidate")
       corresponding to the RPC source.  This SHALL always have a value
       of "running" for "get" RPCs.

   4.  An "Action" category attribute with AttributeId="action-id" and
       the AttributeValue "read" with DataType="&string;".

   Each node that is permitted by the corresponding request is included
   in the result together with its ancestors and descendants.  Those
   that are not permitted are not included.

   It is RECOMMENDED that a policy designed to apply to a get or get-
   config RPC SHOULD match one AttributeValue corresponding to the
   desired subtree of the data-model with the DataType="&xpath;", the
   AttributeId="&resource-id;" and the Category="&Resource;".
   The same <ConjunctiveMatch> element SHOULD contain a match of an
   AttribueValue corresponding to the desired RPC source (i.e.
   "running", "startup" or "candidate") with the DataType="&string;",
   the AttributeId="xacml-netconf:attribute:rpc-source" and the
   Category="&Resource;".  If the policy is to apply to "get" RPCs only
   this value SHOULD be "running"
   Furthermore the policy SHOULD match the AttributeValue "read" with
   the DataType="&string;", the AttributeId="action-id" and the
   Category="Action". in a separate <DisjunctiveMatch> element of the
   policy target.

   Example request:




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    <Request>
       ...
       <Attributes Category="&Resource;">
           <Attribute AttributeId="&resource-id;">
             <AttributeValue DataType="&xpath;>
               <xpath xmlns:ns1="http://example.com/schema/config">
                  /ns1:top[1]/ns1:interface[1]
               </xpath>
             </AttributeValue>
          </Attribute>
          <Attribute AttributeId="xacml-netconf:attribute:rpc-source">
             <AttributeValue DataType="&string;>running</AttributeValue>
          </Attribute>
       </Attributes>
       <Attributes Category="Action">
          <Attribute AttributeId="action-id">
             <AttributeValue
                DataType="&string;">read</AttributeValue>
          </Attribute>
       </Attributes>
       <Content>
          <top xmlns="http://example.com/schema/config">
             <interface>
                <name>Ethernet0/0</name>
                <mtu>1500</mtu>
             </interface>
             <interface>
                <name>Ethernet1/1</name>
                <mtu>1000</mtu>
             </interface>
          </top>
       </Content>
    </Request>

   Example policy:
















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  <Policy PolicyId="example" RuleCombiningAlgId="&permit-overrides;">
     <Target>
        ...
        <DisjunctiveMatch>
           <ConjunctiveMatch>
              <Match MatchId="xacml-netconf:function:xpath-node-match">
                 <AttributeValue DataType="&xpath;">
                    <xpath xmlns:ns1="http://example.com/schema/config">
                       /ns1:top/ns1:interface
                    </xpath>
                 </AttributeValue>
                 <AttributeDesignator Category="&Resource;"
                    AttributeId="&resource-id;"
                    DataType="&xpath;"/>
              </Match>
              <Match MatchId="&string-equal;">
                 <AttributeValue
                    DataType="&string;">running</AttributeValue>
                 <AttributeDesignator Category="&Resource;"
                    AttributeId="xacml-netconf:attribute:rpc-source"
                    DataType="&string;"/>
              </Match>
           </ConjunctiveMatch>
        </DisjunctiveMatch>
        <DisjunctiveMatch>
           <ConjunctiveMatch>
              <Match MatchId="&string-equal;">
                 <AttributeValue
                    DataType="&string;">read</AttributeValue>
                 <AttributeDesignator Category="Action"
                    AttributeId="action-id"
                    DataType="&string;"/>
              </Match>
           </ConjunctiveMatch>
        </DisjunctiveMatch>
     </Target>
     <Rule RuleId="PermitRule" Effect="Permit"/>
  </Policy>

5.4.  edit-config RPC

   Requests for edit-config RPCs SHALL be formed as follows: Under the
   <Attributes Category="&Resource;"> element an Attribute with the
   AttributeId="&resource-id;" and the DataType="&xpath;".  The
   AttributeValue SHALL be "//*[@operation and not(ancestor::*[@
   operation])]".
   The same Category SHALL also include an Attribute with the
   AttributeId="&scope;" and the DataType="&string;".  The



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   AttributeValue SHALL be "XPath-expression".
   Still under the same Category there SHALL be an Attribute with the
   AttributeId="xacml-netconf:attribute:rpc-target" and the DataType="&
   string;".  The AttributeValue SHALL be either "running", "startup" or
   "candidate" corresponding to the RPC target.
   Furthermore the request SHALL include the <Attributes
   Category="Action"> element, containing a single Attribute with the
   AttributeId="action-id" having the DataType="&string;" and the
   AttributeValue of "write".
   From the RPC, the contents of the <config> element SHALL be included
   in the request under the <Content> element.  If the RPC contains a
   <default-operation> element the contents of the RPC <config> element
   that are added to the request <Content> element SHALL be edited to
   add a xml-attribute "operation" with a value corresponding to the
   value of the <default-operation> element.

   This request format makes use of the Multiple resource profile of
   XACML [XACML_MR] where the multiple resources are the elements of the
   RPC that have an "operation" xml-attribute and no ancestor with such
   an attribute.  Using this profile, no access control is performed for
   operations that have an ancestor operation.  This is due to the fact
   that all edit-config operations are subsumed under the action "write"
   as far as access control is concerned.  The underlying assumption of
   this profile is that if you are authorised to write to a node in the
   data-model you are automatically authorised to write to all its
   children too.
   The XPath "//*[@operation and not(ancestor::*[@operation])]" performs
   this selection.

   It is RECOMMENDED that a policy designed to apply to an edit-config
   RPC SHOULD match one AttributeValue corresponding to the desired
   subtree of the data-model with the DataType="&xpath;", the
   AttributeId="&resource-id;" and the Category="&Resource;".
   The same <ConjunctiveMatch> element SHOULD contain a match of an
   AttribueValue corresponding to the desired RPC target (i.e.
   "running", "startup" or "candidate") with the DataType="&string;",
   the AttributeId="xacml-netconf:attribute:rpc-target" and the
   Category="&Resource;".
   Furthermore the policy SHOULD match the AttributeValue "write" with
   the DataType="&string;", the AttributeId="action-id" and the
   Category="Action". in a separate <DisjunctiveMatch> element of the
   policy target.

   Example request:







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    <Request>
       ...
       <Attributes Category="&Resource;">
           <Attribute AttributeId="&resource-id;">
             <AttributeValue DataType="&xpath;>
               <xpath>
                  //*[@operation and not(ancestor::*[@operation])]
               </xpath>
             </AttributeValue>
          </Attribute>
          <Attribute AttributeId="&scope;">
             <AttributeValue
                DataType="&string;>XPath-expression</AttributeValue>
          </Attribute>
          <Attribute AttributeId="xacml-netconf:attribute:rpc-target">
             <AttributeValue DataType="&string;>running</AttributeValue>
          </Attribute>
       </Attributes>
       <Attributes Category="Action">
          <Attribute AttributeId="action-id">
             <AttributeValue
                DataType="&string;">write</AttributeValue>
          </Attribute>
       </Attributes>
       <Content>
          <top xmlns="http://example.com/schema/config">
             <interface xc:operation="replace">
                <name>Ethernet0/0</name>
                <mtu>1500</mtu>
             </interface>
          </top>
       </Content>
    </Request>

   Example policy:
















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  <Policy PolicyId="example" RuleCombiningAlgId="&permit-overrides;">
     <Target>
        ...
        <DisjunctiveMatch>
           <ConjunctiveMatch>
              <Match MatchId="xacml-netconf:function:xpath-node-match">
                 <AttributeValue DataType="&xpath;">
                    <xpath xmlns:ns1="http://example.com/schema/config">
                       /ns1:top/ns1:interface[ns1:name="Ethernet0/0"]
                    </xpath>
                 </AttributeValue>
                 <AttributeDesignator Category="&Resource;"
                    AttributeId="&resource-id;"
                    DataType="&xpath;"/>
              </Match>
              <Match MatchId="&string-equal;">
                 <AttributeValue
                    DataType="&string;">running</AttributeValue>
                 <AttributeDesignator Category="&Resource;"
                    AttributeId="xacml-netconf:attribute:rpc-target"
                    DataType="&string;"/>
              </Match>
           </ConjunctiveMatch>
        </DisjunctiveMatch>
        <DisjunctiveMatch>
           <ConjunctiveMatch>
              <Match MatchId="&string-equal;">
                 <AttributeValue
                    DataType="&string;">write</AttributeValue>
                 <AttributeDesignator Category="Action"
                    AttributeId="action-id"
                    DataType="&string;"/>
              </Match>
           </ConjunctiveMatch>
        </DisjunctiveMatch>
     </Target>
     <Rule RuleId="PermitRule" Effect="Permit"/>
  </Policy>

5.5.  copy-config and delete-config RPC

   Requests for copy-config and delete-config RPCs SHALL be formed as
   follows: The RPC target parameter SHALL be included under the
   <Attributes Category="&Resource;"> element as a single Attribute with
   the AttributeId="xacml-netconf:attribute:rpc-target" and the
   DataType="&string;".  The AttributeValue SHALL be either "running",
   "startup" or "candidate" corresponding to the RPC target.
   In case of copy-config RPCs the request SHALL also include the RPC



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   source under same Category as a single Attribute with the
   AttributeId="xacml-netconf:attribute:rpc-source".  If the RPC source
   is one of {running, startup, candidate} the DataType SHALL be
   "&string;" otherwise it SHALL be "&AnyURI;".  The AttributeValue
   SHALL be equal to the RPC source.
   Furthermore the request SHALL include the <Attributes
   Category="Action"> element, containing a single Attribute with the
   AttributeId="action-id" having the DataType="&string;" and the
   AttributeValue of "write".

   It is RECOMMENDED that a policy designed to apply to a copy-config/
   delete-config RPC SHOULD match one or more AttribueValues
   corresponding to the desired RPC targets (i.e. "running", "startup"
   and/or "candidate") with the DataType="&string;", the
   AttributeId="xacml-netconf:attribute:rpc-target" and the Category="&
   Resource;".  Each desired RPC target SHOULD be placed in a separate
   <ConjunctiveMatch> element under a single <DisjunctiveMatch> element
   in the policy target.

   The policy SHOULD also match one or more AttribueValues corresponding
   to the desired RPC sources with the DataType="&string;" or
   DataType="&AnyURI;", the AttributeId="xacml-netconf:attribute:rpc-
   source" and the Category="&Resource;".  Each desired RPC source
   SHOULD be placed in a separate <ConjunctiveMatch> element under a
   single <DisjunctiveMatch> element in the policy target.
   Furthermore the policy SHOULD match the AttributeValue "write" with
   the DataType="&string;", the AttributeId="action-id" and the
   Category="Action" in a separate <DisjunctiveMatch> element of the
   policy target.

   Example request:




















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   <Request>
      ...
      <Attributes Category="&Resource;">
         <Attribute AttributeId="xacml-netconf:attribute:rpc-target">
            <AttributeValue DataType="&string;>running</AttributeValue>
         </Attribute>
         <Attribute AttributeId="xacml-netconf:attribute:rpc-source">
            <AttributeValue DataType="&AnyURI;>https://user@example.com:
                  passphrase/cfg/new.txt</AttributeValue>
         </Attribute>
      </Attributes>
      <Attributes Category="Action">
         <Attribute AttributeId="action-id">
            <AttributeValue
               DataType="&string;">write</AttributeValue>
         </Attribute>
      </Attributes>
   </Request>

   Example policy:































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     <Policy PolicyId="example" RuleCombiningAlgId="&permit-overrides;">
        <Target>
           ...
           <DisjunctiveMatch>
              <ConjunctiveMatch>
                 <Match MatchId="&string-equal;">
                    <AttributeValue
                       DataType="&string;">running</AttributeValue>
                    <AttributeDesignator Category="&Resource;"
                       AttributeId="xacml-netconf:attribute:rpc-target"
                       DataType="&string;"/>
                 </Match>
              </ConjunctiveMatch>
           </DisjunctiveMatch>
           <DisjunctiveMatch>
              <ConjunctiveMatch>
                 <Match MatchId="&uri-equal;">
                    <AttributeValue
                       DataType="&AnyURI;">https://user@example.com:
                          passphrase/cfg/new.txt</AttributeValue>
                    <AttributeDesignator Category="&Resource;"
                       AttributeId="xacml-netconf:attribute:rpc-source"
                       DataType="&AnyURI;"/>
                 </Match>
              </ConjunctiveMatch>
           </DisjunctiveMatch>
           <DisjunctiveMatch>
              <ConjunctiveMatch>
                 <Match MatchId="&string-equal;">
                    <AttributeValue
                       DataType="&string;">write</AttributeValue>
                    <AttributeDesignator Category="Action"
                       AttributeId="action-id"
                       DataType="&string;"/>
                 </Match>
              </ConjunctiveMatch>
           </DisjunctiveMatch>
        </Target>
        <Rule RuleId="PermitRule" Effect="Permit"/>
     </Policy>

5.6.  lock and unlock RPC

   Requests for lock/unlock RPCs SHALL be formed as follows: The RPC
   operation target SHALL be included under the <Attributes Category="&
   Resource;"> element as a single Attribute with the
   AttributeId="xacml-netconf:attribute:rpc-target" and the DataType="&
   string;".  The AttributeValue SHALL be either "running", "startup" or



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   "candidate" corresponding to the RPC operation target.
   Furthermore the request SHALL include the <Attributes
   Category="Action"> element, containing a single Attribute with the
   AttributeId="action-id" having the DataType="&string;" and the
   AttributeValue of either "lock" or "unlock" depending on the type of
   RPC.

   It is RECOMMENDED that a policy designed to apply to a lock/unlock
   RPC SHOULD match one or more AttribueValues corresponding to the
   desired RPC targets (i.e. "running", "startup" and/or "candidate")
   with the DataType="&string;", the AttributeId="xacml-
   netconf:attribute:rpc-target" and the Category="&Resource;".  Each
   desired RPC target SHOULD be placed in a separate <ConjunctiveMatch>
   element under a single <DisjunctiveMatch> element in the policy
   target.  Furthermore the policy SHOULD match both AttributeValues
   "lock" and "unlock" with the DataType="&string;", the
   AttributeId="action-id" and the Category="Action". in separate
   <ConjunctiveMatch> elements under a separate <DisjunctiveMatch>
   element of the policy target.

   Example request:

     <Request>
        ...
        <Attributes Category="&Resource;">
           <Attribute AttributeId="xacml-netconf:attribute:rpc-target">
              <AttributeValue
                 DataType="&string;>running</AttributeValue>
           </Attribute>
        </Attributes>
        <Attributes Category="Action">
           <Attribute AttributeId="action-id">
              <AttributeValue
                 DataType="&string;">lock</AttributeValue>
           </Attribute>
        </Attributes>
     </Request>

   Example policy:












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     <Policy PolicyId="example" RuleCombiningAlgId="&permit-overrides;">
        <Target>
           ...
           <DisjunctiveMatch>
              <ConjunctiveMatch>
                 <Match MatchId="&string-equal;">
                    <AttributeValue
                       DataType="&string;">running</AttributeValue>
                    <AttributeDesignator Category="&Resource;"
                       AttributeId="xacml-netconf:attribute:rpc-target"
                       DataType="&string;"/>
                 </Match>
              </ConjunctiveMatch>
           </DisjunctiveMatch>
           <DisjunctiveMatch>
              <ConjunctiveMatch>
                 <Match MatchId="&string-equal;">
                    <AttributeValue
                       DataType="&string;">lock</AttributeValue>
                    <AttributeDesignator Category="Action"
                       AttributeId="action-id"
                       DataType="&string;"/>
                 </Match>
              </ConjunctiveMatch>
              <ConjunctiveMatch>
                 <Match MatchId="&string-equal;">
                    <AttributeValue
                       DataType="&string;">unlock</AttributeValue>
                    <AttributeDesignator Category="Action"
                       AttributeId="action-id"
                       DataType="&string;"/>
                 </Match>
              </ConjunctiveMatch>
           </DisjunctiveMatch>
        </Target>
        <Rule RuleId="PermitRule" Effect="Permit"/>
     </Policy>

5.7.  kill-session RPC

   Requests and policies for this RPC are defined to be independent of
   the session-id.  Although it would be easily possible to make
   session-id specific policies and requests, no reasonable use-case for
   such a feature was found.

   Any kill-session RPC SHALL be translated to a request that includes
   the <Attributes Category="Action"> element, containing a single
   Attribute with the AttributeId="action-id" having the DataType="&



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   string;" and the AttributeValue "kill-session".
   It is RECOMMENDED that a policy to apply to a kill-session RPC SHOULD
   match the single AttributeValue "kill-session" with the DataType="&
   string;", the AttributeId="action-id" and the Category="Action" in a
   <DisjunctiveMatch> element of its Target.

   Example request:

     <Request>
        ...
        <Attributes Category="Action">
           <Attribute AttributeId="action-id">
              <AttributeValue
                DataType="&string;">kill-session</AttributeValue>
           </Attribute>
        </Attributes>
     </Request>

   Example policy:

     <Policy PolicyId="example" RuleCombiningAlgId="&permit-overrides;">
        <Target>
           ...
           <DisjunctiveMatch>
              <ConjunctiveMatch>
                 <Match MatchId="&string-equal;">
                    <AttributeValue
                       DataType="&string;">kill-session</AttributeValue>
                    <AttributeDesignator Category="Action"
                       AttributeId="action-id"
                       DataType="&string;"/>
                 </Match>
              </ConjunctiveMatch>
           </DisjunctiveMatch>
        </Target>
        <Rule RuleId="PermitRule" Effect="Permit"/>
     </Policy>

5.8.  close-session RPC

   For this RPC it was deemed that no XACML profile was necessary.  This
   results from the assumption that only the person that opened a
   session should be allowed to submit this RPC to the NETCONF agent.
   It seems reasonable to expect that the NETCONF agent can enforce this
   behaviour without the support of the access control system.






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6.  Consequences for NETCONF RPC processing

   This profile does not make any assumptions on the data-model that a
   NETCONF operation affects.  However writing a correct policy
   according to this profile requires such knowlege.  This is due to the
   fact that XPathes matching parts of the data-model have to be
   inserted in the policy.

   A PDP using this profile to perform access control on NETCONF
   operations will need access to the RPC and for <get> or <get-config>
   operations, to the results of the RPC.  No access to actual device
   data is required by this profile.  If a special treatment for get/
   get-config proves to be undesirable, a more restrictive
   interpretation can be implemented by performing a similar access
   control evaluation as for edit-config RPCs.

   This profile makes heavy use of XPath [XPath] to reference elements
   in a data-model.  It may be the case that XPath processing proves to
   be too slow for time-critical applications.  Therefore alternatives
   can be considered, such as the Subtree Filtering proposed in the
   Netconf standard section 6 [RFC4741].  This profile can be adapted to
   such alternatives with relative ease, by creating a new data-type for
   XACML representing the node selection expression and a new function
   for XACML equivalent to the "xpath-node-match" Function.



























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7.  Security Considerations

   Security considerations from the XACML standard [XACML] and from the
   NETCONF standard [RFC4741] apply.















































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8.  References

8.1.  Normative References

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.

   [RFC2904]  Vollbrecht, J., Calhoun, P., Farrell, S., Gommans, L.,
              Gross, G., de Bruijn, B., de Laat, C., Holdrege, M., and
              D. Spence, "AAA Authorization Framework", RFC 2904,
              August 2000.

   [RFC4741]  Enns, R., "NETCONF Configuration Protocol", RFC 4741,
              December 2006.

   [XACML]    OASIS, "eXtensible Access Control Markup Language",
              <http://www.oasis-open.org/committees/xacml>.

   [XACML_MR]
              Anne, A., "Multiple resource profile of XACML v2.0",
              OASIS Standard, February 2005.

   [XML]      Bray, T., Paoli, J., Maler, E., Sperberg-McQueen, C., and
              F. Yergeau, "Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 (Fourth
              Edition)", World Wide Web Consortium Recommendation REC-
              xml-20060816, August 2006,
              <http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816>.

   [XPath]    DeRose, S. and J. Clark, "XML Path Language (XPath)
              Version 1.0", World Wide Web Consortium
              Recommendation REC-xpath-19991116, November 1999,
              <http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-xpath-19991116>.

8.2.  Informative References

   [XACMLIntro]
              Sun Microsystems, Inc., "A Brief Introduction to XACML",
              Webpage http://www.oasis-open.org/committees/download.php/
              2713/Brief_Introduction_to_XACML.html, March 2003.

   [XACMLProducts]
              Anderson, A., "XACML References and Products, Version
              1.73",
              Webpage http://docs.oasis-open.org/xacml/xacmlRefs.html,
              January 2007.






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Appendix A.  Abbreviations

   For abbreviating XACML policies and requests this profile provides a
   list of entity declarations, that is to be used within this document.
   The syntax and expansion for such entities is defined in [XML] (e.g.
   &string; will be expanded to
   "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string").

   o  <!ENTITY permit-overrides "urn:oasis:names:tc:xacml:1.0:rule-
      combining-algorithm:permit-overrides">

   o  <!ENTITY Resource
      "urn:oasis:names:tc:xacml:3.0:attribute-category:resource" >

   o  <!ENTITY resource-id
      "urn:oasis:names:tc:xacml:1.0:resource:resource-id" >

   o  <!ENTITY string "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string" >

   o  <!ENTITY string-equal
      "urn:oasis:names:tc:xacml:1.0:function:string-equal" >

   o  <!ENTITY AnyURI "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#anyURI" >

   o  <!ENTITY uri-equal
      "urn:oasis:names:tc:xacml:1.0:function:anyURI-equal" >

   o  <!ENTITY xpath "xacml-netconf:data-type:data-type:xpath-
      expression" >

   o  <!ENTITY scope "urn:oasis:names:tc:xacml:2.0:resource:scope" >




















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Authors' Addresses

   Ludwig Seitz
   SICS, Swedish Institute of Computer Science AB
   Box 1263
   Kista  164 29
   Sweden

   Phone: +46 8 633 1516
   Email: ludwig@sics.se


   Erik Rissanen
   Axiomatics AB
   Ringstedsgatan 36
   Kista  164 48
   Sweden

   Email: erik@axiomatics.com
































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Full Copyright Statement

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Acknowledgment

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   Administrative Support Activity (IASA).





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