One document matched: draft-legg-xed-asd-xerei-01.txt

Differences from draft-legg-xed-asd-xerei-00.txt







INTERNET-DRAFT                                                   S. Legg
draft-legg-xed-asd-xerei-01.txt                                  eB2Bcom
Intended Category: Standards Track                     November 14, 2005


           Abstract Syntax Notation X (ASN.X) Representation
                      of Encoding Instructions for
                      the XML Encoding Rules (XER)

               Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2005).

   Status of this Memo

   By submitting this Internet-draft, each author represents that any
   applicable patent or other IPR claims of which he or she is aware
   have been or will be disclosed, and any of which he or she becomes
   aware will be disclosed, in accordance with Section 6 of BCP 79.

   By submitting this Internet-draft, I accept the provisions of
   Section 3 of BCP 78.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups.  Note that
   other groups may also distribute working documents as
   Internet-Drafts.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress".

   The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at
   http://www.ietf.org/1id-abstracts.html

   The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at
   http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html

   Technical discussion of this document should take place on the XED
   developers mailing list <xeddev@eb2bcom.com>.  Please send editorial
   comments directly to the editor <steven.legg@eb2bcom.com>.  Further
   information is available on the XED website: www.xmled.info.

   This Internet-Draft expires on 14 May 2006.


Abstract

   Abstract Syntax Notation X (ASN.X) is an Extensible Markup Language



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   (XML) representation for Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1)
   specifications.  This document specifies the ASN.X representation of
   encoding instructions for the XML Encoding Rules (XER).
















































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Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3
   2.  Conventions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  4
   3.  EncodingInstructionAssignmentList Translation. . . . . . . . .  5
   4.  EncodingInstruction Translation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  6
       4.1.  TargetList Translation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7
             4.1.1.  TypeIdentification Translation . . . . . . . . .  7
             4.1.2.  BuiltInTypeIdentification Translation. . . . . .  9
             4.1.3.  IdentifiersInContext Translation . . . . . . . . 11
             4.1.4.  ImportedTypesIdentification Translation. . . . . 12
       4.2.  NamespaceRestriction Translation . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
       4.3.  AnyAttributesInstruction Translation . . . . . . . . . . 13
       4.4.  AnyElementInstruction Translation. . . . . . . . . . . . 13
       4.5.  AttributeInstruction Translation . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
       4.6.  Base64Instruction Translation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
       4.7.  DecimalInstruction Translation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
       4.8.  DefaultForEmptyInstruction Translation . . . . . . . . . 14
       4.9.  ElementInstruction Translation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
       4.10. EmbedValuesInstruction Translation . . . . . . . . . . . 14
       4.11. ListInstruction Translation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
       4.12. NameInstruction Translation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
       4.13. NamespaceInstruction Translation . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
       4.14. PIOrCommentInstruction Translation . . . . . . . . . . . 16
       4.15. TextInstruction Translation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
       4.16. UntaggedInstruction Translation. . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
       4.17. UseNilInstruction Translation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
       4.18. UseNumberInstruction Translation . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
       4.19. UseOrderInstruction Translation. . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
       4.20. UseQNameInstruction Translation. . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
       4.21. UseTypeInstruction Translation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
       4.22. UseUnionInstruction Translation. . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
       4.23. WhiteSpaceInstruction Translation. . . . . . . . . . . . 18
   5.  Parameterized Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
       5.1.  Pre-processing Step. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
       5.2.  Translation Step . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
       5.3.  Post-processing Step . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
   6.  Security Considerations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
   7.  IANA Considerations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
   Appendix A. ASN.1 for XER Encoding Instruction Notation. . . . . . 27
   Appendix B. ASN.X for XER Encoding Instruction Notation. . . . . . 36
   Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
   Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
   Author's Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
   Full Copyright Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

1.  Introduction




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   Abstract Syntax Notation X (ASN.X) [ASN.X] is an Extensible Markup
   Language (XML) [XML10][XML11] representation for Abstract Syntax
   Notation One (ASN.1) [X.680] specifications.  The ASN.X
   representation for the ASN.1 basic notation [X.680] [X.680-1] is
   described elsewhere [ASN.X].

   The grammar of ASN.1 also permits the application of encoding
   instructions [X.680-1], through type prefixes and encoding control
   sections, that modify how abstract values are encoded by nominated
   encoding rules.

   The generic notation for type prefixes and encoding control sections
   is defined by the ASN.1 basic notation, however the notation for
   specific encoding instructions i.e., the
   EncodingInstructionAssignmentList and EncodingInstruction productions
   of the notation, are defined separately for each set of encoding
   rules using encoding instructions.  This document specifies the ASN.X
   representation for EncodingInstructionAssignmentList and
   EncodingInstruction as they are defined for the XML Encoding Rules
   (XER) [X.693][X.693-1].

   ASN.X is defined in terms of rules for translating from an ASN.1
   specification.  This does not preclude an ASN.X document being
   written directly without a pre-existing ASN.1 specification, however
   such an ASN.X document is considered valid if and only if there
   exists in principle an ASN.1 specification which when translated
   would yield the ASN.X document.

   By design, an ASN.X document is also the Robust XML Encoding Rules
   (RXER) [RXER] encoding of an ASN.1 abstract value.  The ASN.1 type
   definitions for such abstract values, insofar as they pertain to the
   ASN.1 basic notation, are provided elsewhere [ASN.X], however this
   document provides the ASN.1 type definitions for representing XER
   encoding instructions as abstract values.  These definitions appear
   in Appendix A.

   The ASN.X translation of the ASN.1 module in Appendix A is presented
   in Appendix B.

   The General Considerations of the specification for ASN.X [ASN.X]
   also apply here.

2.  Conventions

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED" and "MAY" in this document are
   to be interpreted as described in, BCP 14, RFC 2119 [BCP14].  The key
   word "OPTIONAL" is exclusively used with its ASN.1 meaning.



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   A reference to an ASN.1 production [X.680] (e.g., Type, NamedType) is
   a reference to the text in an ASN.1 specification corresponding to
   that production.

   The description of the translation of XER encoding instructions into
   ASN.X makes use of definitions from the XML Information Set (Infoset)
   [ISET].  In particular, information item property names are presented
   per the Infoset, e.g., [local name].  In the sections that follow,
   "information item" will be abbreviated to "item", e.g., "element
   information item" is abbreviated to "element item".  Element items
   will be referred to by their [local name] in angle brackets, e.g.,
   "the <name> element item" means the element item with the
   [local name] "name".  Attribute items will be referred to by their
   [local name], e.g., "the name attribute item" means the attribute
   item with the [local name] "name".

   Code points for characters [UNICODE] are expressed using the Unicode
   convention U+n, where n is four to six hexadecimal digits, e.g., the
   space character is U+0020.

3.  EncodingInstructionAssignmentList Translation

   As described in the specification for ASN.X [ASN.X], the translation
   of an EncodingControlSection for XER is an element item with the
   [local name] "XER".  The translation of the
   EncodingInstructionAssignmentList in such an EncodingControlSection
   determines the content of the <XER> element item.

   An element item with the [local name] "annotation" MAY be added to
   the [children] of the <XER> element item.

   If the EncodingInstructionAssignmentList contains an
   EncodingInstruction that is a PositiveInstruction that is a
   GlobalDefaultsInstruction where the DefaultSetting is "MODIFIED-
   ENCODINGS" then an attribute item with the [local name]
   "modifiedEncodings" and [normalized value] "true" or "1" SHALL be
   added to the [attributes] of the <XER> element item, otherwise an
   attribute item with the [local name] "modifiedEncodings" and
   [normalized value] "false" or "0" MAY be added to the [attributes] of
   the <XER> element item.

   If the EncodingInstructionAssignmentList contains an
   EncodingInstruction that is a PositiveInstruction that is a
   GlobalDefaultsInstruction where the DefaultSetting is a
   ControlNamespace then the translation of the ControlNamespace SHALL
   be added to the [children] of the <XER> element item.

   The translation of a ControlNamespace is an element item with the



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   [local name] "controlNamespace".  An attribute item with the
   [local name] "name" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the
   <controlNamespace> element item.  The [normalized value] of this
   attribute item is the Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) [URI] in the
   QuotedURI in the ControlNamespace.  If the ControlNamespace contains
   a Prefix then an attribute item with the [local name] "prefix" SHALL
   be added to the [attributes] of the <controlNamespace> element item.
   The [normalized value] of this attribute item is the NCName in the
   QuotedNCName in the Prefix.

   The translation of each EncodingInstruction in the
   EncodingInstructionAssignmentList, excluding any
   GlobalDefaultsInstruction, is appended to the [children] of the <XER>
   element item.

   Example

      ENCODING-CONTROL XER
          GLOBAL-DEFAULTS MODIFIED-ENCODINGS
          GLOBAL-DEFAULTS
              CONTROL-NAMESPACE "http://example.com" PREFIX "ex"

      <XER modifiedEncodings="true">
       <controlNamespace name="http://example.com" prefix="ex"/>
      </XER>

4.  EncodingInstruction Translation

   The translation of an EncodingInstruction for XER can appear in the
   translation of an EncodingInstructionAssignmentList (see the previous
   section) or an EncodingPrefix.  The translation for an EncodingPrefix
   is described by the specification for ASN.X [ASN.X].

   The translation of an EncodingInstruction for XER is the translation
   of the contained PositiveInstruction or NegatingInstruction.

   The translation of a PositiveInstruction is the translation of the
   contained AnyAttributeInstruction, AnyElementInstruction,
   AttributeInstruction, Base64Instruction, DecimalInstruction,
   DefaultForEmptyInstruction, EmbedValuesInstruction, ListInstruction,
   NameInstruction, NamespaceInstruction, PIOrCommentInstruction,
   TextInstruction, UntaggedInstruction, UseNilInstruction,
   UseNumberInstruction, UseOrderInstruction, UseQNameInstruction,
   UseTypeInstruction, UseUnionInstruction or WhitespaceInstruction.

      ASIDE: A GlobalDefaultsInstruction is ignored here.  It is
      considered in Section 4.




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   The translation of a NegatingInstruction that is an
   ElementInstruction is the translation of that ElementInstruction.

   The translation of a NegatingInstruction that is not an
   ElementInstruction is an element item with the [local name] "not".
   The translation of the PositiveInstruction in the NegatingInstruction
   SHALL be added to the [children] of the <not> element item.

4.1.  TargetList Translation

   The TargetList production is common to all the encoding instructions.

   The translation of a TargetList is the concatenation of the
   translations of each of the contained Targets.

   The translation of a Targets is an element item with the [local name]
   "target".  The content of the <target> element item is the
   translation of the contained TypeIdentification,
   BuiltInTypeIdentification, IdentifiersInContext or
   ImportedTypesIdentification.

4.1.1.  TypeIdentification Translation

   The translation of a TypeIdentification of the "ALL" form is an
   element item with the [local name] "allTypes", otherwise the
   translation of a TypeIdentification is the translation of the
   ModuleAndTypeReference followed by the translation of the
   ComponentReference, if present, followed by the translation of the
   QualifyingInformationPart, if present.

   The translation of a ModuleAndTypeReference is an attribute item with
   the [local name] "type".  The [normalized value] of this attribute
   item is the qualified name [XMLNS10] corresponding to the
   typereference in the ModuleAndTypeReference (see Section 5.1 of
   [ASN.X]).

   The translation of a ComponentReference is an element item with the
   [local name] "component" and, if the final ComponentId in the
   ComponentIdList in the ComponentReference is "ALL", an element item
   with the [local name] "allTextuallyPresent".  The [children] property
   of the <component> element item is set to the sequence of character
   items for a "/" (U+002F) separated list of the translations of the
   ComponentId instances, excluding "ALL" if present.  Leading and/or
   trailing white space character items MAY be added to the [children]
   of the <component> element item.  White space character items MAY be
   added immediately before and/or after any character item for the "/"
   character.




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   If a ComponentId identifies the Type in a NamedType then the
   translation of the ComponentId is the RXER character data translation
   [RXER] of the effective name [RXEREI] of the NamedType.  If the
   NamedType is subject to an RXER ATTRIBUTE or ATTRIBUTE-REF encoding
   instruction [RXEREI] then a "@" (U+0040) character is prefixed to the
   translation.

   If a ComponentId identifies a Type that is not in a NamedType (the
   component type for a SEQUENCE OF or SET OF type) then the translation
   of the ComponentId is the character string "item".

   If a ComponentId does not identify a Type and the ComponentId is an
   identifier then the translation of the ComponentId is the identifier.

   If a ComponentId does not identify a Type and the ComponentId is "*"
   then the translation of the ComponentId is the character string
   "item".

   The <component> element item is required to be self-contained [RXER].

      ASIDE: An element item is self-contained if all namespace prefixes
      used by the element item and its contents are declared within the
      element item.

   The translation of a QualifyingInformationPart is the translation of
   the contained QualifyingInformation.

   The translation of a QualifyingInformation of the "identifier" form
   is an element item with the [local name] "identifier".  An attribute
   item with the [local name] "name" SHALL be added to the [attributes]
   of the <identifier> element item.  If the ModuleTypeAndReference and
   ComponentReference (if present) identify a BIT STRING, ENUMERATED, or
   INTEGER type where the associated BitStringType, EnumeratedType or
   IntegerType (respectively) is subject to an RXER VALUES encoding
   instruction then the [normalized value] of the attribute item is the
   replacement name [RXEREI] for the identifier, otherwise the
   [normalized value] is the identifier.

   The translation of a QualifyingInformation of the "ALL" form is an
   element item with the [local name] "allIdentifiers".

   Examples

      Assume this type assignment:

         MyType ::= SEQUENCE {
             a  SEQUENCE OF CHOICE {
                 b  ENUMERATED { red, green, blue },



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                 c  INTEGER
             }
         }

      MyType.a.*.ALL

      <target type="MyType">
       <component> a / item </component>
       <allTextuallyPresent/>
      </target>

      MyType.a.*.b:ALL

      <target type="MyType">
       <component> a / item / b </component>
       <allIdentifiers/>
      </target>

4.1.2.  BuiltInTypeIdentification Translation

   The translation of a BuiltInTypeIdentification is the translation of
   the BuiltInTypeName followed by the translation of the
   BuiltInTypeQualifyingInformationPart, if present.

   If the BuiltInTypeName is "BIT STRING", "BOOLEAN",
   "CHARACTER STRING", "EMBEDDED PDV", "EXTERNAL", "GeneralizedTime",
   "INTEGER", "NULL", "ObjectDescriptor", "OBJECT IDENTIFIER",
   "OCTET STRING", "REAL", "RELATIVE-OID" or "UTCTime" then the
   translation of the BuiltInTypeName is an attribute item with the
   [local name] "type".  The [normalized value] of this attribute item
   is a qualified name with the namespace name being
   "http://xmled.info/ns/ASN.1" and the local part being the
   BuiltInTypeName with any white space separators replaced by a single
   hyphen character (U+002D), e.g. BIT STRING becomes BIT-STRING.

   If the BuiltInTypeName is a RestrictedCharacterStringType then the
   translation of the BuiltInTypeName is an attribute item with the
   [local name] "type".  The [normalized value] of this attribute item
   is a qualified name with the namespace name being
   "http://xmled.info/ns/ASN.1" and the local part being the
   RestrictedCharacterStringType, i.e., BMPString, GeneralString,
   GraphicString, IA5String, ISO646String, NumericString,
   PrintableString, TeletexString, T61String, UniversalString,
   UTF8String, VideotexString or VisibleString.

   If the BuiltInTypeName is "CHOICE" then the translation of the
   BuiltInTypeName is an element item with the [local name] "choice".




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   If the BuiltInTypeName is "ENUMERATED" then the translation of the
   BuiltInTypeName is an element item with the [local name]
   "enumerated".

   If the BuiltInTypeName is "INSTANCE OF" then the translation of the
   BuiltInTypeName is an element item with the [local name]
   "instanceOf".

   If the BuiltInTypeName is "SEQUENCE" then the translation of the
   BuiltInTypeName is an element item with the [local name] "sequence".

   If the BuiltInTypeName is "SEQUENCE OF" then the translation of the
   BuiltInTypeName is an element item with the [local name]
   "sequenceOf".

   If the BuiltInTypeName is "SET" then the translation of the
   BuiltInTypeName is an element item with the [local name] "set".

   If the BuiltInTypeName is "SET OF" then the translation of the
   BuiltInTypeName is an element item with the [local name] "setOf".

   The translation of a BuiltInTypeQualifyingInformationPart is the
   translation of the contained BuiltInTypeQualifyingInformation.

   The translation of a BuiltInTypeQualifyingInformation of the
   "identifier" form is an element item with the [local name]
   "identifier".  An attribute item with the [local name] "name" SHALL
   be added to the [attributes] of the <identifier> element item.  The
   [normalized value] of this attribute item is the actual identifier.

   The translation of a BuiltInTypeQualifyingInformationPart of the
   "ALL" form is an element item with the [local name] "allIdentifiers".

   Examples

      BOOLEAN:true

      <target type="asn1:BOOLEAN">
       <identifier name="true"/>
      </target>

      ENUMERATED:ALL

      <target>
       <enumerated/>
       <allIdentifiers/>
      </target>




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4.1.3.  IdentifiersInContext Translation

   The translation of an IdentifiersInContext is an element item with
   the [local name] "components".

   If the IdentifierList in the IdentifiersInContext is not of the "ALL"
   or "COMPONENTS" form then, for each identifier in the IdentifierList,
   an element item with the same [local name] (i.e., "attribute",
   "element", "group", "member" or "item") as the translation of the
   NamedType corresponding to the identifier SHALL be appended to the
   [children] of the <components> element item.  An attribute item with
   the [local name] "name" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of each
   <attribute>, <element>, <content>, <member> or <item> element item,
   as appropriate.  The [normalized value] of each of these attribute
   items is the RXER character data translation [RXER] of the effective
   name [RXEREI] of the NamedType corresponding to the identifier.

   If the IdentifierList in the IdentifiersInContext is of the "ALL"
   form then an element item with the [local name] "allTextuallyPresent"
   SHALL be appended to the [children] of the <components> element item.

   If the IdentifierList in the IdentifiersInContext is of the
   "COMPONENTS" form then an element item with the [local name]
   "allFirstLevel" SHALL be appended to the [children] of the
   <components> element item.

   An element item with the [local name] "in" SHALL be appended to the
   [children] of the <components> element item.  The content of the <in>
   element item is the translation of the TypeIdentification in the
   IdentifiersInContext.

   Example

      Assume this type assignment:

         MyType ::= SEQUENCE {
             field     INTEGER,
             fieldAtt  [RXER:NAME AS "field"][RXER:ATTRIBUTE] BOOLEAN
         }

      field, fieldAtt IN MyType

      <target>
       <components>
        <element name="field"/>
        <attribute name="field"/>
        <in type="MyType"/>
       </components>



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      </target>

4.1.4.  ImportedTypesIdentification Translation

   The translation of an ImportedTypesIdentification is an element item
   with the [local name] "allImportsFrom".  An attribute item with the
   [local name] "name" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the
   <allImportsFrom> element item.  The [normalized value] of this
   attribute item is the modulereference in the
   ImportedTypesIdentification.

   If the module identified by the modulereference has a non-empty
   DefinitiveIdentifier in the ModuleIdentifier in its ModuleDefinition
   then an attribute item with the [local name] "identifier" SHOULD be
   added to the [attributes] of the <allImportsFrom> element item.  The
   [normalized value] of this attribute item is the RXER character data
   translation of the OBJECT IDENTIFIER value indicated by the
   DefinitiveIdentifier.

   If the module identified by the modulereference has an RXER
   SCHEMA-IDENTITY encoding instruction then an attribute item with the
   [local name] "schemaIdentity" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of
   the <allImportsFrom> element item.  The [normalized value] of this
   attribute item is the character string specified by the AnyURIValue
   of the SCHEMA-IDENTITY encoding instruction.

   Example

      ALL IMPORTS FROM MyModule

      <allImportsFrom name="MyModule"/>

4.2.  NamespaceRestriction Translation

   The NamespaceRestriction production is common to
   AnyAttributesInstruction and AnyElementInstruction.

   The translation of a NamespaceRestriction of the "FROM URIList" form
   is an element item with the [local name] "from".  The translation of
   each QuotedURIorAbsent in the URIList is appended to the [children]
   of the <from> element item.

   The translation of a NamespaceRestriction of the "EXCEPT URIList"
   form is an element item with the [local name] "except".  The
   translation of each QuotedURIorAbsent in the URIList is appended to
   the [children] of the <except> element item.

   The translation of a QuotedURIorAbsent that is a QuotedURI is an



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   element item with the [local name] "namespace".  The sequence of
   character items for the URI in the QuotedURI is added to the
   [children] of the <namespace> element item.

   The translation of a QuotedURIorAbsent of the "ABSENT" form is an
   element item with the [local name] "local".

4.3.  AnyAttributesInstruction Translation

   The translation of an AnyAttributesInstruction is an element item
   with the [local name] "anyAttributes".  The translation of the
   TargetList in the AnyAttributesInstruction SHALL be added to the
   [children] of the <anyAttributes> element item.  If a
   NamespaceRestriction is present then the translation of the
   NamespaceRestriction is appended to the [children] of the
   <anyAttributes> element item.

   Example

      ANY-ATTRIBUTES FROM "http://example.com" ABSENT

      <anyAttributes>
       <namespace>http://example.com</namespace>
       <local/>
      </anyAttributes>

4.4.  AnyElementInstruction Translation

   The translation of an AnyElementInstruction is an element item with
   the [local name] "anyElement".  The translation of the TargetList in
   the AnyElementInstruction SHALL be added to the [children] of the
   <anyElement> element item.  If a NamespaceRestriction is present then
   the translation of the NamespaceRestriction is appended to the
   [children] of the <anyElement> element item.

4.5.  AttributeInstruction Translation

   The translation of an AttributeInstruction is an element item with
   the [local name] "attribute".  The translation of the TargetList in
   the AttributeInstruction SHALL be added to the [children] of the
   <attribute> element item.

   Example

      ATTRIBUTE

      <attribute/>




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4.6.  Base64Instruction Translation

   The translation of a Base64Instruction is an element item with the
   [local name] "base64".  The translation of the TargetList in the
   Base64Instruction SHALL be added to the [children] of the <base64>
   element item.

4.7.  DecimalInstruction Translation

   The translation of a DecimalInstruction is an element item with the
   [local name] "decimal".  The translation of the TargetList in the
   DecimalInstruction SHALL be added to the [children] of the <decimal>
   element item.

4.8.  DefaultForEmptyInstruction Translation

   The translation of a DefaultForEmptyInstruction is an element item
   with the [local name] "defaultForEmpty".  The translation of the
   TargetList in the DefaultForEmptyInstruction SHALL be added to the
   [children] of the <defaultForEmpty> element item.  If the Value is
   present in the DefaultForEmptyInstruction then the translation of the
   Value is appended to the content of the <defaultForEmpty> element
   item.

   Example

      DEFAULT-FOR-EMPTY AS "unspecified"

      <defaultForEmpty literalValue="unspecified"/>

4.9.  ElementInstruction Translation

   The translation of an ElementInstruction is an element item with the
   [local name] "element".  The translation of the TargetList in the
   ElementInstruction SHALL be added to the [children] of the <element>
   element item.

4.10.  EmbedValuesInstruction Translation

   The translation of an EmbedValuesInstruction is an element item with
   the [local name] "embedValues".  The translation of the TargetList in
   the EmbedValuesInstruction SHALL be added to the [children] of the
   <embedValues> element item.

4.11.  ListInstruction Translation

   The translation of a ListInstruction is an element item with the
   [local name] "list".  The translation of the TargetList in the



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   ListInstruction SHALL be added to the [children] of the <list>
   element item.

4.12.  NameInstruction Translation

   The translation of a NameInstruction is an element item with the
   [local name] "name".  The translation of the TargetList in the
   NameInstruction SHALL be added to the [children] of the <name>
   element item.

   If a NewNameOrKeyword is present in the NameInstruction and the
   NewNameOrKeyword is a NewName then an attribute item with the
   [local name] "newName" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the
   <name> element item.  The [normalized value] of this attribute item
   is the character string value of the NewName.

   If a NewNameOrKeyword is present in the NameInstruction and the
   NewNameOrKeyword is a Keyword then an attribute item with the
   [local name] "conversion" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the
   <name> element item.  The [normalized value] of this attribute item
   is the keyword in the Keyword with all letters downcased, i.e.,
   "capitalized", "uncapitalized", "uppercased" or "lowercased".

   Example

      NAME AS UNCAPITALIZED

      <name conversion="uncapitalized"/>

      NAME AS "category"

      <name newName="category"/>

4.13.  NamespaceInstruction Translation

   The translation of a NamespaceInstruction is an element item with the
   [local name] "namespace".  The translation of the TargetList in the
   NamespaceInstruction SHALL be added to the [children] of the
   <namespace> element item.

   If a NamespaceSpecification is present then an attribute item with
   the [local name] "name" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the
   <namespace> element item.  The [normalized value] of this attribute
   item is the URI in the QuotedURI in the NamespaceSpecification.

   If a Prefix is present in the NamespaceSpecification then an
   attribute item with the [local name] "prefix" SHALL be added to the
   [attributes] of the <namespace> element item.  The [normalized value]



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   of this attribute item is the NCName in the QuotedNCName in the
   Prefix.

   Example

      NAMESPACE AS "http://example.com" PREFIX "ex"

      <namespace name="http://example.com" prefix="ex"/>

4.14.  PIOrCommentInstruction Translation

   The translation of a PIOrCommentInstruction is an element item with
   the [local name] "piOrComment".  The translation of the TargetList in
   the PIOrCommentInstruction SHALL be added to the [children] of the
   <piOrComment> element item.

   If a RestrictedCharacterStringValue is present in the
   PIOrCommentInstruction then an attribute item with the [local name]
   "text" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the <piOrComment>
   element item.  The [normalized value] of this attribute item is the
   character string of the RestrictedCharacterStringValue.

   If a Position is present in the PIOrCommentInstruction then an
   attribute item with the [local name] "position" SHALL be added to the
   [attributes] of the <piOrComment> element item.  The
   [normalized value] of this attribute item is "beforeTag" if the
   keyword in the Position is BEFORE-TAG, "beforeValue" if the keyword
   in the Position is BEFORE-VALUE, "afterTag" if the keyword in the
   Position is AFTER-TAG, or "afterValue" if the keyword in the Position
   is AFTER-VALUE.

   Example

      PI-OR-COMMENT AS "<!-- This is a comment. -->" BEFORE-TAG

      <piOrComment text="<!-- This is a comment. -->"
                   position="beforeTag"/>

4.15.  TextInstruction Translation

   The translation of a TextInstruction is an element item with the
   [local name] "text".  The translation of the TargetList in the
   TextInstruction SHALL be added to the [children] of the <text>
   element item.

   If a TextToBeUsed is present in the TextInstruction and the
   NewNameOrKeyword in the TextToBeUsed is a NewName then an attribute
   item with the [local name] "newName" SHALL be added to the



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   [attributes] of the <text> element item.  The [normalized value] of
   this attribute item is the character string value of the NewName.

   If a TextToBeUsed is present in the TextInstruction and the
   NewNameOrKeyword in the TextToBeUsed is a Keyword then an attribute
   item with the [local name] "conversion" SHALL be added to the
   [attributes] of the <name> element item.  The [normalized value] of
   this attribute item is the keyword in the Keyword with all letters
   downcased, i.e., "capitalized", "uncapitalized", "uppercased" or
   "lowercased".

   Examples

      TEXT AS UPPERCASED

      <text conversion="uppercased"/>

      TEXT AS "A4"

      <text newName="A4"/>

4.16.  UntaggedInstruction Translation

   The translation of an UntaggedInstruction is an element item with the
   [local name] "untagged".  The translation of the TargetList in the
   UntaggedInstruction SHALL be added to the [children] of the
   <untagged> element item.

4.17.  UseNilInstruction Translation

   The translation of a UseNilInstruction is an element item with the
   [local name] "useNil".  The translation of the TargetList in the
   UseNilInstruction SHALL be added to the [children] of the <useNil>
   element item.

4.18.  UseNumberInstruction Translation

   The translation of a UseNumberInstruction is an element item with the
   [local name] "useNumber".  The translation of the TargetList in the
   UseNumberInstruction SHALL be added to the [children] of the
   <useNumber> element item.

4.19.  UseOrderInstruction Translation

   The translation of a UseOrderInstruction is an element item with the
   [local name] "useOrder".  The translation of the TargetList in the
   UseOrderInstruction SHALL be added to the [children] of the
   <useOrder> element item.



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4.20.  UseQNameInstruction Translation

   The translation of a UseQNameInstruction is an element item with the
   [local name] "useQName".  The translation of the TargetList in the
   UseQNameInstruction SHALL be added to the [children] of the
   <useQName> element item.

4.21.  UseTypeInstruction Translation

   The translation of a UseTypeInstruction is an element item with the
   [local name] "useType".  The translation of the TargetList in the
   UseTypeInstruction SHALL be added to the [children] of the <useType>
   element item.

4.22.  UseUnionInstruction Translation

   The translation of a UseUnionInstruction is an element item with the
   [local name] "useUnion".  The translation of the TargetList in the
   UseUnionInstruction SHALL be added to the [children] of the
   <useUnion> element item.

4.23.  WhiteSpaceInstruction Translation

   The translation of a WhiteSpaceInstruction is an element item with
   the [local name] "whiteSpace".  The translation of the TargetList in
   the WhiteSpaceInstruction SHALL be added to the [children] of the
   <whiteSpace> element item.

   If a WhiteSpaceAction is present in the WhiteSpaceInstruction then an
   attribute item with the [local name] "action" SHALL be added to the
   [attributes] of the <whiteSpace> element item.  The
   [normalized value] of this attribute item is the keyword in the
   WhiteSpaceAction with all letters downcased, i.e., "replace" or
   "collapse".

   Example

      WHITESPACE COLLAPSE

      <whiteSpace action="collapse"/>

5.  Parameterized Definitions

   The translation of an ASN.1 specification into ASN.X [ASN.X] replaces
   any DummyReference [X.683] or reference to a parameterized definition
   [X.683] with the definition expanded in-line.  For example, a
   ParameterizedObject is replaced by the Object on the right hand side
   of the referenced ParameterizedObjectAssignment.



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   When a DummyReference or parameterized reference is replaced by the
   definition it references, the encoding control section applying to
   any nested type definitions may no longer accord with the original
   ASN.1 specification.  This section describes a procedure for adding
   additional information to an ASN.X document so that type definitions
   are interpreted with respect to the appropriate XER encoding control
   section.

   For convenience, the procedure is described as a pre-processing step
   in which the original ASN.1 specifications are annotated with
   additional encoding instructions, and an optional post-processing
   step in which redundant encoding instruction translations are
   removed.  Implementations are not required to explicitly perform the
   pre-processing and post-processing provided they produce the same net
   effect.

5.1.  Pre-processing Step

   The pre-processing step requires two additional XER encoding
   instructions that are defined here.  Note well: these encoding
   instructions are for translation purposes only and MUST NOT be used
   except in the pre-processing step in the translation of an ASN.1
   specification into ASN.X documents.

   The notation for the additional XER encoding instructions is defined
   as follows:

      AssumeModuleInstruction ::=
          "ASSUME-MODULE" GlobalModuleReference ?

      AssumeReferenceInstruction ::=
          "ASSUME-REFERENCE" typereference

   The GlobalModuleReference and typereference productions are defined
   by the ASN.1 basic notation [X.680].

   The ASSUME-MODULE encoding instruction (described by
   AssumeModuleInstruction) indicates that the prefixed type and all
   nested types (excluding any types within the EncodingPrefixedType for
   a nested ASSUME-MODULE encoding instruction) are to be regarded as
   belonging to the nominated module and therefore subject to its XER
   encoding control section.  If no module is nominated then no XER
   encoding control section applies to the types.

   The ASSUME-REFERENCE encoding instruction (described by
   AssumeReferenceInstruction) indicates that the prefixed type is to be
   regarded as the right hand side of a ParameterizedTypeAssignment with
   the nominated reference name.



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   The remainder of this section describes how ASN.1 specifications are
   annotated with the ASSUME-REFERENCE and ASSUME-MODULE encoding
   instructions before translation.

   The Type of each ParameterizedTypeAssignment (i.e., the Type
   immediately to the right hand side of the "::=") in a module with an
   encoding control section for XER is prefixed with an ASSUME-REFERENCE
   encoding instruction.  The typereference in the ASSUME-REFERENCE
   encoding instruction is the typereference of the
   ParameterizedTypeAssignment.

   Each Type on or within the right hand side of a parameterized
   assignment (regardless of whether the module has an encoding control
   section for XER) that is not textually within another Type is
   prefixed with an ASSUME-MODULE encoding instruction.  Where a Type is
   prefixed with both an ASSUME-REFERENCE and an ASSUME-MODULE encoding
   instruction, the ASSUME-MODULE encoding instruction is outermost.

   Each Type in an ActualParameter that is not textually within another
   Type in the same ActualParameter is prefixed with an ASSUME-MODULE
   encoding instruction.

   If the module in which an ASSUME-MODULE encoding instruction appears
   does not have an encoding control section for XER then the
   GlobalModuleReference SHALL be absent from the encoding instruction,
   otherwise the GlobalModuleReference SHALL be present with the
   modulereference and DefinitiveIdentifier of the module.

   Example

      Suppose these two modules are about to be translated into ASN.X:

         ThisModule DEFINITIONS AUTOMATIC TAGS ::= BEGIN

         IMPORTS
             ThatTypeA FROM ThatModule;

         ThisTypeA ::= ThatTypeA {
             ENUMERATED { stop, go } }

         ThisTypeB { TypeParam } ::=
             SEQUENCE { component TypeParam }

         ThisTypeC ::= ThisTypeB {
             BOOLEAN }

         ENCODING-CONTROL XER
             MODIFIED-ENCODINGS



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         END

         ThatModule DEFINITIONS AUTOMATIC TAGS ::= BEGIN

         ThatTypeA { TypeParam } ::=
             SEQUENCE { component TypeParam }

         ThatTypeB ::= ThatTypeA {
             BOOLEAN }

         END

      These modules look like the following after pre-processing:

         ThisModule DEFINITIONS AUTOMATIC TAGS ::= BEGIN

         IMPORTS
             ThatTypeA FROM ThatModule;

         ThisTypeA ::= ThatTypeA {
             [XER:ASSUME-MODULE ThisModule]
             ENUMERATED { stop, go } }

         ThisTypeB { TypeParam } ::=
             [XER:ASSUME-MODULE ThisModule]
             [XER:ASSUME-REFERENCE ThisTypeB]
             SEQUENCE { component TypeParam }

         ThisTypeC ::= ThisTypeB {
             [XER:ASSUME-MODULE ThisModule]
             BOOLEAN }

         ENCODING-CONTROL XER
             MODIFIED-ENCODINGS

         END

         ThatModule DEFINITIONS AUTOMATIC TAGS ::= BEGIN

         ThatTypeA { TypeParam } ::=
             [XER:ASSUME-MODULE]
             SEQUENCE { component TypeParam }

         ThatTypeB ::= ThatTypeA {
             [XER:ASSUME-MODULE]
             BOOLEAN }

         END



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5.2.  Translation Step

   Following the pre-processing step, all the ASN.1 modules are
   translated as normal [ASN.X].

   The ASSUME-MODULE and ASSUME-REFERENCE encoding instructions have
   translations into ASN.X.

   The translation of an AssumeModuleInstruction is an element item with
   the [local name] "assumeModule".  If the GlobalModuleReference is
   present then an attribute item with the [local name] "name" SHALL be
   added to the [attributes] of the <assumeModule> element item.  The
   [normalized value] of this attribute item is the modulereference in
   the GlobalModuleReference.  If the GlobalModuleReference is present
   and the AssignedIdentifier is not empty then an attribute item with
   the [local name] "identifier" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of
   the <assumeModule> element item.  The [normalized value] of this
   attribute item is the RXER [RXER] encoding of the AssignedIdentifier.
   If the GlobalModuleReference is present and the referenced module has
   an RXER SCHEMA-IDENTITY encoding instruction then an attribute item
   with the [local name] "schemaIdentity" SHALL be added to the
   [attributes] of the <assumeModule> element item.  The
   [normalized value] of this attribute item is the character string
   specified by the AnyURIValue of the SCHEMA-IDENTITY encoding
   instruction.

   If the GlobalModuleReference is absent then the <assumeModule>
   element item is said to reference no module.

   The translation of an AssumeReferenceInstruction is an element item
   with the [local name] "assumeReference".  An attribute item with the
   [local name] "name" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the
   <assumeReference> element item.  The [normalized value] of this
   attribute item is the typereference.

   The <assumeModule> and <assumeReference> element items SHOULD NOT be
   used in original specifications written in ASN.X (i.e, in ASN.X
   documents that are not the result of translating an original ASN.1
   specification).

   Example

      Continuing the example from the previous section, the translated
      modules look like the following:

         <asn1:module xmlns:asn1="http://xmled.info/ns/ASN.1"
                      name="ThisModule">




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          <namedType name="ThisTypeA">
           <type>
            <prefixed>
             <XER><assumeModule/></XER>
             <type>
              <sequence>
               <element name="component">
                <type>
                 <prefixed>
                  <XER><assumeModule name="ThisModule"/></XER>
                  <type>
                   <enumerated>
                    <enumeration name="stop"/>
                    <enumeration name="go"/>
                   </enumerated>
                  </type>
                 </prefixed>
                </type>
               </element>
              </sequence>
             </type>
            </prefixed>
           </type>
          </namedType>

          <namedType name="ThisTypeC">
           <type>
            <prefixed>
             <XER>
              <assumeModule name="ThisModule"/>
              <assumeReference name="ThisTypeB"/>
             </XER>
             <type>
              <sequence>
               <element name="component">
                <type>
                 <prefixed>
                  <XER><assumeModule name="ThisModule"/></XER>
                  <type ref="asn1:BOOLEAN"/>
                 </prefixed>
                </type>
               </element>
              </sequence>
             </type>
            </prefixed>
           </type>
          </namedType>




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          <encodingControls>
           <XER modifiedEncodings="true"/>
          </encodingControls>

         </asn1:module>

         <asn1:module xmlns:asn1="http://xmled.info/ns/ASN.1"
                      name="ThatModule">

          <namedType name="ThatTypeB">
           <type>
            <prefixed>
             <XER><assumeModule/></XER>
             <type>
              <sequence>
               <element name="component">
                <type>
                 <prefixed>
                  <XER><assumeModule/></XER>
                  <type ref="asn1:BOOLEAN"/>
                 </prefixed>
                </type>
               </element>
              </sequence>
             </type>
            </prefixed>
           </type>
          </namedType>

         </asn1:module>

5.3.  Post-processing Step

   In the post-processing step, redundant <assumeModule> element items
   may be removed.

   Definition: The superior element item for an <assumeModule> element,
   if it exists, is the nearest preceding <assumedModule> element item
   with the same, or an enclosing, grandparent <prefixed> element item.

   An <assumedModule> element item MAY be removed if:

   (a) it has a superior element item and both element items reference
       the same module, or both element items reference no module, or

   (b) it does not have a superior element item and it appears in the
       translation of the module it references, or




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   (c) it does not have a superior element item and it references no
       module and it appears in the translation of a module that does
       not have an encoding control section for XER.

   If a removed <assumedModule> element item is the last child element
   item of an <XER> element item then the <XER> element item MUST be
   removed.

   If the removal of an <XER> element item causes a <prefixed> element
   item to have only a <type> child element item then the <type> parent
   element item of the <prefixed> element item SHALL be replaced by the
   <type> child element item of the <prefixed> element item.

   If the removal of an <XER> element item causes a <prefixed> element
   item to have no child element items then an attribute item with the
   [local name] "ref" SHALL be added to the <type> parent element item
   of the <prefixed> element item.  The [normalized value] of this
   attribute item is the [normalized value] of the type attribute item
   of the <prefixed> element item.  The <prefixed> element item SHALL be
   removed.  If appropriate for the context, the <type> element item (an
   element form translation of a type reference) MAY be replaced by the
   equivalent attribute form translation [ASN.X].

   Example

      Continuing the example from the previous section, the translated
      modules may be post-processed to the following:

         <asn1:module xmlns:asn1="http://xmled.info/ns/ASN.1"
                      name="ThisModule">

          <namedType name="ThisTypeA">
           <type>
            <prefixed>
             <XER><assumeModule/></XER>
             <type>
              <sequence>
               <element name="component">
                <type>
                 <prefixed>
                  <XER><assumeModule name="ThisModule"/></XER>
                  <type>
                   <enumerated>
                    <enumeration name="stop"/>
                    <enumeration name="go"/>
                   </enumerated>
                  </type>
                 </prefixed>



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                </type>
               </element>
              </sequence>
             </type>
            </prefixed>
           </type>
          </namedType>

          <namedType name="ThisTypeC">
           <type>
            <prefixed>
             <XER><assumeReference name="ThisTypeB"/></XER>
             <type>
              <sequence>
               <element name="component" type="asn1:BOOLEAN"/>
              </sequence>
             </type>
            </prefixed>
           </type>
          </namedType>

          <encodingControls>
            <XER modifiedEncodings="true"/>
          </encodingControls>

         </asn1:module>

         <asn1:module xmlns:asn1="http://xmled.info/ns/ASN.1"
                      name="ThatModule">

          <namedType name="ThatTypeB">
           <type>
            <sequence>
             <element name="component" type="asn1:BOOLEAN"/>
            </sequence>
           </type>
          </namedType>

         </asn1:module>

6.  Security Considerations

   The ASN.X translation of an XER encoding instruction is semantically
   equivalent to the original XER encoding instruction.  The security
   considerations that apply to an application built from an original
   ASN.1 specification with XER encoding instructions apply equally to
   an application built from the ASN.X translation of the ASN.1
   specification.



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   An ASN.X document can be re-encoded using any set of canonical
   encoding rules for ASN.1.  Before such re-encoding it is necessary to
   normalize abstract values of the AnyType ASN.1 type [RXER].  The
   underlying ASN.1 type for the <component> element in the ASN.1 for
   XER Encoding Instruction Notation is AnyType.  The normalization
   rules can be found in Section 4.1.2 of the specification for RXER
   [RXER].

   Syntax-based canonicalization for XML documents (e.g., Canonical XML
   [CXML]) depends on the Infoset of an XML document being preserved.
   However, the Infoset representation of an ASN.X document (an abstract
   value of the ModuleDefinition ASN.1 type) potentially changes if it
   is decoded and re-encoded, disrupting the Canonical XML
   representation.  To avoid this problem, ASN.X documents must be
   normalized prior to the application of syntax-based canonicalization.
   The normalization rules can be found in Section 5.12 of the
   specification for RXER [RXER].

7.  IANA Considerations

   This document has no actions for IANA.

Appendix A. ASN.1 for XER Encoding Instruction Notation

   This appendix is normative.

   XER-EncodingInstructionNotation
       { iso(1) identified-organization(3) dod(6)
         internet(1) private(4) enterprise(1)
         xmled(21472) asn1(1) module(0) xer-ei-notation(3) }

   -- Copyright (C) The Internet Society 2005. This version of
   --  this ASN.1 module is part of RFC XXXX; see the RFC itself
   --  for full legal notices.

   DEFINITIONS
   RXER INSTRUCTIONS
   AUTOMATIC TAGS
   EXTENSIBILITY IMPLIED ::= BEGIN

   IMPORTS
       AnyType,
       AnyURI,
       NCName,
       QName
           FROM AdditionalBasicDefinitions
               { iso(1) identified-organization(3) dod(6)
                 internet(1) private(4) enterprise(1)



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                 xmled(21472) asn1(1) module(0) basic(0) }
       ModuleReference,
       DefinitiveIdentifier,
       Annotation,
       TypeReference,
       Value
           FROM AbstractSyntaxNotation-X
               { iso(1) identified-organization(3) dod(6)
                 internet(1) private(4) enterprise(1)
                 xmled(21472) asn1(1) module(0) notation(1) }
       ;

   -- An XER encoding instruction in a type prefix
   -- must have an empty TargetList.
   XER-EncodingInstruction ::= XER-GeneralEncodingInstruction
   (WITH COMPONENTS { ...,
      positive (WITH COMPONENTS { ...,
         anyAttributes    (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., targetList ABSENT }),
         anyElement       (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., targetList ABSENT }),
         attribute        (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., targetList ABSENT }),
         base64           (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., targetList ABSENT }),
         decimal          (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., targetList ABSENT }),
         defaultForEmpty  (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., targetList ABSENT }),
         embedValues      (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., targetList ABSENT }),
         list             (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., targetList ABSENT }),
         name             (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., targetList ABSENT }),
         namespace        (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., targetList ABSENT }),
         piOrComment      (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., targetList ABSENT }),
         text             (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., targetList ABSENT }),
         untagged         (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., targetList ABSENT }),
         useNumber        (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., targetList ABSENT }),
         useOrder         (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., targetList ABSENT }),
         useQName         (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., targetList ABSENT }),
         useType          (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., targetList ABSENT }),
         useUnion         (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., targetList ABSENT }),
         whiteSpace       (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., targetList ABSENT })
      }),
      not (WITH COMPONENTS { ...,
         anyAttributes    (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., targetList ABSENT }),
         anyElement       (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., targetList ABSENT }),
         attribute        (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., targetList ABSENT }),
         base64           (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., targetList ABSENT }),
         decimal          (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., targetList ABSENT }),
         defaultForEmpty  (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., targetList ABSENT }),
         embedValues      (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., targetList ABSENT }),
         list             (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., targetList ABSENT }),
         name             (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., targetList ABSENT }),
         namespace        (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., targetList ABSENT }),



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         piOrComment      (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., targetList ABSENT }),
         text             (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., targetList ABSENT }),
         untagged         (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., targetList ABSENT }),
         useNil           (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., targetList ABSENT }),
         useNumber        (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., targetList ABSENT }),
         useOrder         (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., targetList ABSENT }),
         useQName         (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., targetList ABSENT }),
         useType          (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., targetList ABSENT }),
         useUnion         (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., targetList ABSENT }),
         whiteSpace       (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., targetList ABSENT })
      }),
      element (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., targetList ABSENT }) })

   XER-EncodingInstructionAssignmentList ::=
       [HOLLOW-INSERTIONS] SEQUENCE {
       annotation         Annotation OPTIONAL,
       modifiedEncodings  [ATTRIBUTE] BOOLEAN DEFAULT FALSE,
       controlNamespace   XER-ControlNamespace OPTIONAL,
       instructions       [GROUP] XER-ECS-EncodingInstructions
                              OPTIONAL
   } (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., modifiedEncodings (TRUE) } |
      WITH COMPONENTS { ..., controlNamespace PRESENT } |
      WITH COMPONENTS { ..., instructions PRESENT })

   XER-ControlNamespace ::= SEQUENCE {
       name    [ATTRIBUTE] AnyURI,
       prefix  [ATTRIBUTE] NCName OPTIONAL
   }

   XER-ECS-EncodingInstructions ::= SEQUENCE SIZE (1..MAX) OF
       instruction [GROUP] XER-ECS-EncodingInstruction

   -- An XER encoding instruction in an encoding control section
   -- must not have an empty TargetList.
   XER-ECS-EncodingInstruction ::= XER-GeneralEncodingInstruction
   (WITH COMPONENTS { ...,
      positive (WITH COMPONENTS { ...,
         anyAttributes    (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., targetList PRESENT }),
         anyElement       (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., targetList PRESENT }),
         attribute        (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., targetList PRESENT }),
         base64           (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., targetList PRESENT }),
         decimal          (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., targetList PRESENT }),
         defaultForEmpty  (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., targetList PRESENT }),
         embedValues      (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., targetList PRESENT }),
         list             (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., targetList PRESENT }),
         name             (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., targetList PRESENT }),
         namespace        (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., targetList PRESENT }),
         piOrComment      (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., targetList PRESENT }),



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         text             (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., targetList PRESENT }),
         untagged         (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., targetList PRESENT }),
         useNil           (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., targetList PRESENT }),
         useNumber        (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., targetList PRESENT }),
         useOrder         (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., targetList PRESENT }),
         useQName         (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., targetList PRESENT }),
         useType          (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., targetList PRESENT }),
         useUnion         (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., targetList PRESENT }),
         whiteSpace       (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., targetList PRESENT })
      }),
      not (WITH COMPONENTS { ...,
         anyAttributes    (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., targetList PRESENT }),
         anyElement       (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., targetList PRESENT }),
         attribute        (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., targetList PRESENT }),
         base64           (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., targetList PRESENT }),
         decimal          (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., targetList PRESENT }),
         defaultForEmpty  (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., targetList PRESENT }),
         embedValues      (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., targetList PRESENT }),
         list             (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., targetList PRESENT }),
         name             (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., targetList PRESENT }),
         namespace        (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., targetList PRESENT }),
         piOrComment      (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., targetList PRESENT }),
         text             (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., targetList PRESENT }),
         untagged         (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., targetList PRESENT }),
         useNil           (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., targetList PRESENT }),
         useNumber        (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., targetList PRESENT }),
         useOrder         (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., targetList PRESENT }),
         useQName         (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., targetList PRESENT }),
         useType          (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., targetList PRESENT }),
         useUnion         (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., targetList PRESENT }),
         whiteSpace       (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., targetList PRESENT })
       }),
       element (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., targetList PRESENT }),
       assumeReference ABSENT,
       assumeModule ABSENT })

   XER-GeneralEncodingInstruction ::= [NO-INSERTIONS] CHOICE {
       positive         [GROUP] XER-PositiveInstruction
           (WITH COMPONENTS { ...,
               defaultForEmpty  (WITH COMPONENTS { ...,
                                    value PRESENT }),
               name             (WITH COMPONENTS { ...,
                                    newNameOrKeyword PRESENT }),
               piOrComment      (WITH COMPONENTS { ...,
                                    text PRESENT, position PRESENT }),
               whiteSpace       (WITH COMPONENTS { ...,
                                    action PRESENT }) }),
       not              XER-NegatingInstruction,



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       element          XER-ElementInstruction,
       assumeReference  XER-AssumeReferenceInstruction,
       assumeModule     XER-AssumeModuleInstruction
   }

   XER-PositiveInstruction ::= [SINGULAR-INSERTIONS] CHOICE {
       anyAttributes    XER-AnyAttributesInstruction,
       anyElement       XER-AnyElementInstruction,
       attribute        XER-AttributeInstruction,
       base64           XER-Base64Instruction,
       decimal          XER-DecimalInstruction,
       defaultForEmpty  XER-DefaultForEmptyInstruction,
       embedValues      XER-EmbedValuesInstruction,
       list             XER-ListInstruction,
       name             XER-NameInstruction,
       namespace        XER-NamespaceInstruction,
       piOrComment      XER-PIOrCommentInstruction,
       text             XER-TextInstruction,
       untagged         XER-UntaggedInstruction,
       useNil           XER-UseNilInstruction,
       useNumber        XER-UseNumberInstruction,
       useOrder         XER-UseOrderInstruction,
       useQName         XER-UseQNameInstruction,
       useType          XER-UseTypeInstruction,
       useUnion         XER-UseUnionInstruction,
       whiteSpace       XER-WhiteSpaceInstruction
   }

   XER-NegatingInstruction ::= XER-PositiveInstruction
       (WITH COMPONENTS { ...,
           anyAttributes    (WITH COMPONENTS { targetList OPTIONAL }),
           anyElement       (WITH COMPONENTS { targetList OPTIONAL }),
           defaultForEmpty  (WITH COMPONENTS { targetList OPTIONAL }),
           name             (WITH COMPONENTS { targetList OPTIONAL }),
           namespace        (WITH COMPONENTS { targetList OPTIONAL }),
           piOrComment      (WITH COMPONENTS { targetList OPTIONAL }),
           text             (WITH COMPONENTS { targetList OPTIONAL }),
           whiteSpace       (WITH COMPONENTS { targetList OPTIONAL })
       })

   XER-TargetList ::= SEQUENCE SIZE (1..MAX) OF target XER-Targets

   XER-Targets ::= [NO-INSERTIONS] CHOICE {
       allTypes         NULL,
       identifiedTypes  [GROUP] XER-QualifiedTypeIdentification,
       components       XER-IdentifiersInContext,
       allImportsFrom   XER-ImportedTypesIdentification
   }



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   -- TypeIdentification and BuiltInTypeIdentification
   XER-QualifiedTypeIdentification ::= [HOLLOW-INSERTIONS] SEQUENCE {
       types          [GROUP] [SINGULAR-INSERTIONS] CHOICE {
           specificType  [GROUP] XER-SpecificTypeIdentification,
           choice        NULL,
           enumerated    NULL,
           instanceOf    NULL,
           sequence      NULL,
           sequenceOf    NULL,
           set           NULL,
           setOf         NULL
       },
       qualification  [GROUP] XER-QualifyingInformationPart OPTIONAL
   }

   XER-SpecificTypeIdentification ::= [HOLLOW-INSERTIONS] SEQUENCE {
       type                 [ATTRIBUTE] QName,
       component            AnyType OPTIONAL,
       allTextuallyPresent  NULL OPTIONAL
   }

   XER-QualifyingInformationPart ::= [NO-INSERTIONS] CHOICE {
       allIdentifiers  NULL,
       identifier      SEQUENCE {
           name            [ATTRIBUTE] NCName
       }
   }

   XER-IdentifiersInContext ::= SEQUENCE {
       identifiers  [GROUP] XER-IdentifierList,
       in           CHOICE {
           allTypes      NULL,
           specificType  [GROUP] XER-SpecificTypeIdentification
       }
   }

   XER-IdentifierList ::= [NO-INSERTIONS] CHOICE {
       allTextuallyPresent  NULL,
       allFirstLevel        NULL,
       list                 [GROUP] XER-IdentifiedComponents
   }

   XER-IdentifiedComponents ::= SEQUENCE SIZE (1..MAX) OF
       component [GROUP] XER-IdentifiedComponent

   XER-IdentifiedComponent ::= [SINGULAR-INSERTIONS] CHOICE {
       attribute  XER-GenericIdentifiedComponent,
       element    XER-GenericIdentifiedComponent,



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       group      XER-GenericIdentifiedComponent,
       member     XER-GenericIdentifiedComponent,
       item       XER-GenericIdentifiedComponent
   }

   XER-GenericIdentifiedComponent ::= SEQUENCE {
       name  [ATTRIBUTE] QName
   }

   XER-ImportedTypesIdentification ::= SEQUENCE {
       name            [ATTRIBUTE] ModuleReference,
       identifier      [ATTRIBUTE] DefinitiveIdentifier OPTIONAL,
       schemaIdentity  [ATTRIBUTE] AnyURI OPTIONAL
   }

   XER-WildcardInstruction ::= SEQUENCE {
       targetList            [GROUP] XER-TargetList OPTIONAL,
       namespaceRestriction  [GROUP] XER-NamespaceRestriction OPTIONAL
   }

   XER-NamespaceRestriction ::= [NO-INSERTIONS] CHOICE {
       from    XER-URIList,
       except  XER-URIList
   }

   XER-URIList ::= SEQUENCE SIZE(1..MAX) OF
       uriOrAbsent [GROUP] XER-QuotedURIorAbsent

   XER-QuotedURIorAbsent ::= [SINGULAR-INSERTIONS] CHOICE {
       namespace  AnyURI,
       local      NULL
   }

   XER-AnyAttributesInstruction ::= XER-WildcardInstruction

   XER-AnyElementInstruction ::= XER-WildcardInstruction

   XER-SimpleInstruction ::= SEQUENCE {
       targetList  [GROUP] XER-TargetList OPTIONAL
   }

   XER-AttributeInstruction ::= XER-SimpleInstruction

   XER-Base64Instruction ::= XER-SimpleInstruction

   XER-DecimalInstruction ::= XER-SimpleInstruction

   XER-DefaultForEmptyInstruction ::= SEQUENCE {



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       targetList  [GROUP] XER-TargetList OPTIONAL,
       value       [GROUP] [NO-INSERTIONS] Value OPTIONAL
   }

   XER-ElementInstruction ::= XER-SimpleInstruction

   XER-EmbedValuesInstruction ::= XER-SimpleInstruction

   XER-ListInstruction ::= XER-SimpleInstruction

   XER-NameInstruction ::= SEQUENCE {
       targetList        [GROUP] XER-TargetList OPTIONAL,
       newNameOrKeyword  [GROUP] XER-NewNameOrKeyword OPTIONAL
   }

   XER-NewNameOrKeyword ::= [NO-INSERTIONS] CHOICE {
       newName     [ATTRIBUTE] UTF8String,
       conversion  [ATTRIBUTE] XER-Conversion
   }

   XER-Conversion ::= ENUMERATED {
       capitalized   (0),
       uncapitalized (1),
       uppercased    (2),
       lowercased    (3)
   }

   XER-NamespaceInstruction ::= SEQUENCE {
       targetList  [GROUP] XER-TargetList OPTIONAL,
       namespace   [GROUP] XER-NamespaceSpecification OPTIONAL
   }

   XER-NamespaceSpecification ::= [NO-INSERTIONS] SEQUENCE {
       name    [ATTRIBUTE] AnyURI,
       prefix  [ATTRIBUTE] NCName OPTIONAL
   }

   XER-PIOrCommentInstruction ::= SEQUENCE {
       targetList  [GROUP] XER-TargetList OPTIONAL,
       text        [ATTRIBUTE] UTF8String OPTIONAL,
       position    [ATTRIBUTE] XER-Position OPTIONAL
   }

   XER-Position ::= ENUMERATED {
       beforeTag   (0),
       beforeValue (1),
       afterValue  (2),
       afterTag    (3)



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   }

   XER-TextInstruction ::= SEQUENCE {
       targetList        [GROUP] XER-TargetList OPTIONAL,
       newNameOrKeyword  [GROUP] XER-NewNameOrKeyword OPTIONAL
   }

   XER-UntaggedInstruction ::= XER-SimpleInstruction

   XER-UseNilInstruction ::= XER-SimpleInstruction

   XER-UseNumberInstruction ::= XER-SimpleInstruction

   XER-UseOrderInstruction ::= XER-SimpleInstruction

   XER-UseQNameInstruction ::= XER-SimpleInstruction

   XER-UseTypeInstruction ::= XER-SimpleInstruction

   XER-UseUnionInstruction ::= XER-SimpleInstruction

   XER-WhiteSpaceInstruction ::= SEQUENCE {
       targetList  [GROUP] XER-TargetList OPTIONAL,
       action      [ATTRIBUTE] XER-WhiteSpaceAction OPTIONAL
   }

   XER-WhiteSpaceAction ::= ENUMERATED {
       replace  (0),
       collapse (1)
   }

   XER-AssumeReferenceInstruction ::= SEQUENCE {
       name  [ATTRIBUTE] TypeReference
   }

   XER-AssumeModuleInstruction ::= SEQUENCE {
       name            [ATTRIBUTE] ModuleReference,
       identifier      [ATTRIBUTE] DefinitiveIdentifier OPTIONAL,
       schemaIdentity  [ATTRIBUTE] AnyURI OPTIONAL
   }

   ENCODING-CONTROL RXER

       SCHEMA-IDENTITY
           "http://xmled.info/id/ASN.1/XER-EncodingInstructionNotation"
       TARGET-NAMESPACE "http://xmled.info/ns/ASN.1"

   END



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Appendix B. ASN.X for XER Encoding Instruction Notation

   This appendix is non-normative.

   <?xml version="1.0"?>
   <asn1:module
       xmlns:asn1="http://xmled.info/ns/ASN.1"
       xmlns:asnx="http://xmled.info/ns/ASN.1"
       name="XER-EncodingInstructionNotation"
       identifier="1.3.6.1.4.1.21472.1.0.3"
       schemaIdentity=
           "http://xmled.info/id/ASN.1/XER-EncodingInstructionNotation"
       xmlns:xer="http://xmled.info/ns/ASN.1"
       targetNamespace="http://xmled.info/ns/ASN.1"
       extensibilityImplied="true">

    <annotation>
     Copyright (C) The Internet Society 2005. This version of
      this ASN.X module is part of RFC XXXX; see the RFC itself
      for full legal notices.
    </annotation>

    <import name="AbstractSyntaxNotation-X"
            identifier="1.3.6.1.4.1.21472.1.0.1"
            schemaIdentity=
                "http://xmled.info/id/ASN.1/AbstractSyntaxNotation-X"
            namespace="http://xmled.info/ns/ASN.1"/>

    <namedType name="XER-EncodingInstruction">
     <type>
      <constrained type="xer:XER-GeneralEncodingInstruction">
       <withComponents partial="true">
        <group name="positive">
         <withComponents partial="true">
          <element name="anyAttributes">
           <withComponents partial="true">
            <group name="targetList" use="absent"/>
           </withComponents>
          </element>
          <element name="anyElement">
           <withComponents partial="true">
            <group name="targetList" use="absent"/>
           </withComponents>
          </element>
          <element name="attribute">
           <withComponents partial="true">
            <group name="targetList" use="absent"/>
           </withComponents>



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          </element>
          <element name="base64">
           <withComponents partial="true">
            <group name="targetList" use="absent"/>
           </withComponents>
          </element>
          <element name="decimal">
           <withComponents partial="true">
            <group name="targetList" use="absent"/>
           </withComponents>
          </element>
          <element name="defaultForEmpty">
           <withComponents partial="true">
            <group name="targetList" use="absent"/>
           </withComponents>
          </element>
          <element name="embedValues">
           <withComponents partial="true">
            <group name="targetList" use="absent"/>
           </withComponents>
          </element>
          <element name="list">
           <withComponents partial="true">
            <group name="targetList" use="absent"/>
           </withComponents>
          </element>
          <element name="name">
           <withComponents partial="true">
            <group name="targetList" use="absent"/>
           </withComponents>
          </element>
          <element name="namespace">
           <withComponents partial="true">
            <group name="targetList" use="absent"/>
           </withComponents>
          </element>
          <element name="piOrComment">
           <withComponents partial="true">
            <group name="targetList" use="absent"/>
           </withComponents>
          </element>
          <element name="text">
           <withComponents partial="true">
            <group name="targetList" use="absent"/>
           </withComponents>
          </element>
          <element name="untagged">
           <withComponents partial="true">



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            <group name="targetList" use="absent"/>
           </withComponents>
          </element>
          <element name="useNumber">
           <withComponents partial="true">
            <group name="targetList" use="absent"/>
           </withComponents>
          </element>
          <element name="useOrder">
           <withComponents partial="true">
            <group name="targetList" use="absent"/>
           </withComponents>
          </element>
          <element name="useQName">
           <withComponents partial="true">
            <group name="targetList" use="absent"/>
           </withComponents>
          </element>
          <element name="useType">
           <withComponents partial="true">
            <group name="targetList" use="absent"/>
           </withComponents>
          </element>
          <element name="useUnion">
           <withComponents partial="true">
            <group name="targetList" use="absent"/>
           </withComponents>
          </element>
          <element name="whiteSpace">
           <withComponents partial="true">
            <group name="targetList" use="absent"/>
           </withComponents>
          </element>
         </withComponents>
        </group>
        <element name="not">
         <withComponents partial="true">
          <element name="anyAttributes">
           <withComponents partial="true">
            <group name="targetList" use="absent"/>
           </withComponents>
          </element>
          <element name="anyElement">
           <withComponents partial="true">
            <group name="targetList" use="absent"/>
           </withComponents>
          </element>
          <element name="attribute">



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           <withComponents partial="true">
            <group name="targetList" use="absent"/>
           </withComponents>
          </element>
          <element name="base64">
           <withComponents partial="true">
            <group name="targetList" use="absent"/>
           </withComponents>
          </element>
          <element name="decimal">
           <withComponents partial="true">
            <group name="targetList" use="absent"/>
           </withComponents>
          </element>
          <element name="defaultForEmpty">
           <withComponents partial="true">
            <group name="targetList" use="absent"/>
           </withComponents>
          </element>
          <element name="embedValues">
           <withComponents partial="true">
            <group name="targetList" use="absent"/>
           </withComponents>
          </element>
          <element name="list">
           <withComponents partial="true">
            <group name="targetList" use="absent"/>
           </withComponents>
          </element>
          <element name="name">
           <withComponents partial="true">
            <group name="targetList" use="absent"/>
           </withComponents>
          </element>
          <element name="namespace">
           <withComponents partial="true">
            <group name="targetList" use="absent"/>
           </withComponents>
          </element>
          <element name="piOrComment">
           <withComponents partial="true">
            <group name="targetList" use="absent"/>
           </withComponents>
          </element>
          <element name="text">
           <withComponents partial="true">
            <group name="targetList" use="absent"/>
           </withComponents>



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          </element>
          <element name="untagged">
           <withComponents partial="true">
            <group name="targetList" use="absent"/>
           </withComponents>
          </element>
          <element name="useNil">
           <withComponents partial="true">
            <group name="targetList" use="absent"/>
           </withComponents>
          </element>
          <element name="useNumber">
           <withComponents partial="true">
            <group name="targetList" use="absent"/>
           </withComponents>
          </element>
          <element name="useOrder">
           <withComponents partial="true">
            <group name="targetList" use="absent"/>
           </withComponents>
          </element>
          <element name="useQName">
           <withComponents partial="true">
            <group name="targetList" use="absent"/>
           </withComponents>
          </element>
          <element name="useType">
           <withComponents partial="true">
            <group name="targetList" use="absent"/>
           </withComponents>
          </element>
          <element name="useUnion">
           <withComponents partial="true">
            <group name="targetList" use="absent"/>
           </withComponents>
          </element>
          <element name="whiteSpace">
           <withComponents partial="true">
            <group name="targetList" use="absent"/>
           </withComponents>
          </element>
         </withComponents>
        </element>
        <element name="element">
         <withComponents partial="true">
          <group name="targetList" use="absent"/>
         </withComponents>
        </element>



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       </withComponents>
      </constrained>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="XER-EncodingInstructionAssignmentList">
     <type insertions="hollow">
      <constrained>
       <type>
        <sequence>
         <optional>
          <element name="annotation" type="asnx:Annotation"/>
         </optional>
         <optional>
          <attribute name="modifiedEncodings" type="asn1:BOOLEAN"/>
          <default literalValue="false"/>
         </optional>
         <optional>
          <element name="controlNamespace"
                   type="xer:XER-ControlNamespace"/>
         </optional>
         <optional>
          <group name="instructions"
                 type="xer:XER-ECS-EncodingInstructions"/>
         </optional>
        </sequence>
       </type>
       <union>
        <withComponents partial="true">
         <attribute name="modifiedEncodings">
          <literalValue>true</literalValue>
         </attribute>
        </withComponents>
        <withComponents partial="true">
         <element name="controlNamespace" use="present"/>
        </withComponents>
        <withComponents partial="true">
         <group name="instructions" use="present"/>
        </withComponents>
       </union>
      </constrained>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="XER-ControlNamespace">
     <type>
      <sequence>
       <attribute name="name" type="asn1:AnyURI"/>



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       <optional>
        <attribute name="prefix" type="asn1:NCName"/>
       </optional>
      </sequence>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="XER-ECS-EncodingInstructions">
     <type>
      <sequenceOf minSize="1">
       <group name="instruction"
              type="xer:XER-ECS-EncodingInstruction"/>
      </sequenceOf>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="XER-ECS-EncodingInstruction">
     <type>
      <constrained type="xer:XER-GeneralEncodingInstruction">
       <withComponents partial="true">
        <group name="positive">
         <withComponents partial="true">
          <element name="anyAttributes">
           <withComponents partial="true">
            <group name="targetList" use="present"/>
           </withComponents>
          </element>
          <element name="anyElement">
           <withComponents partial="true">
            <group name="targetList" use="present"/>
           </withComponents>
          </element>
          <element name="attribute">
           <withComponents partial="true">
            <group name="targetList" use="present"/>
           </withComponents>
          </element>
          <element name="base64">
           <withComponents partial="true">
            <group name="targetList" use="present"/>
           </withComponents>
          </element>
          <element name="decimal">
           <withComponents partial="true">
            <group name="targetList" use="present"/>
           </withComponents>
          </element>
          <element name="defaultForEmpty">



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           <withComponents partial="true">
            <group name="targetList" use="present"/>
           </withComponents>
          </element>
          <element name="embedValues">
           <withComponents partial="true">
            <group name="targetList" use="present"/>
           </withComponents>
          </element>
          <element name="list">
           <withComponents partial="true">
            <group name="targetList" use="present"/>
           </withComponents>
          </element>
          <element name="name">
           <withComponents partial="true">
            <group name="targetList" use="present"/>
           </withComponents>
          </element>
          <element name="namespace">
           <withComponents partial="true">
            <group name="targetList" use="present"/>
           </withComponents>
          </element>
          <element name="piOrComment">
           <withComponents partial="true">
            <group name="targetList" use="present"/>
           </withComponents>
          </element>
          <element name="text">
           <withComponents partial="true">
            <group name="targetList" use="present"/>
           </withComponents>
          </element>
          <element name="untagged">
           <withComponents partial="true">
            <group name="targetList" use="present"/>
           </withComponents>
          </element>
          <element name="useNil">
           <withComponents partial="true">
            <group name="targetList" use="present"/>
           </withComponents>
          </element>
          <element name="useNumber">
           <withComponents partial="true">
            <group name="targetList" use="present"/>
           </withComponents>



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          </element>
          <element name="useOrder">
           <withComponents partial="true">
            <group name="targetList" use="present"/>
           </withComponents>
          </element>
          <element name="useQName">
           <withComponents partial="true">
            <group name="targetList" use="present"/>
           </withComponents>
          </element>
          <element name="useType">
           <withComponents partial="true">
            <group name="targetList" use="present"/>
           </withComponents>
          </element>
          <element name="useUnion">
           <withComponents partial="true">
            <group name="targetList" use="present"/>
           </withComponents>
          </element>
          <element name="whiteSpace">
           <withComponents partial="true">
            <group name="targetList" use="present"/>
           </withComponents>
          </element>
         </withComponents>
        </group>
        <element name="not">
         <withComponents partial="true">
          <element name="anyAttributes">
           <withComponents partial="true">
            <group name="targetList" use="present"/>
           </withComponents>
          </element>
          <element name="anyElement">
           <withComponents partial="true">
            <group name="targetList" use="present"/>
           </withComponents>
          </element>
          <element name="attribute">
           <withComponents partial="true">
            <group name="targetList" use="present"/>
           </withComponents>
          </element>
          <element name="base64">
           <withComponents partial="true">
            <group name="targetList" use="present"/>



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           </withComponents>
          </element>
          <element name="decimal">
           <withComponents partial="true">
            <group name="targetList" use="present"/>
           </withComponents>
          </element>
          <element name="defaultForEmpty">
           <withComponents partial="true">
            <group name="targetList" use="present"/>
           </withComponents>
          </element>
          <element name="embedValues">
           <withComponents partial="true">
            <group name="targetList" use="present"/>
           </withComponents>
          </element>
          <element name="list">
           <withComponents partial="true">
            <group name="targetList" use="present"/>
           </withComponents>
          </element>
          <element name="name">
           <withComponents partial="true">
            <group name="targetList" use="present"/>
           </withComponents>
          </element>
          <element name="namespace">
           <withComponents partial="true">
            <group name="targetList" use="present"/>
           </withComponents>
          </element>
          <element name="piOrComment">
           <withComponents partial="true">
            <group name="targetList" use="present"/>
           </withComponents>
          </element>
          <element name="text">
           <withComponents partial="true">
            <group name="targetList" use="present"/>
           </withComponents>
          </element>
          <element name="untagged">
           <withComponents partial="true">
            <group name="targetList" use="present"/>
           </withComponents>
          </element>
          <element name="useNil">



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           <withComponents partial="true">
            <group name="targetList" use="present"/>
           </withComponents>
          </element>
          <element name="useNumber">
           <withComponents partial="true">
            <group name="targetList" use="present"/>
           </withComponents>
          </element>
          <element name="useOrder">
           <withComponents partial="true">
            <group name="targetList" use="present"/>
           </withComponents>
          </element>
          <element name="useQName">
           <withComponents partial="true">
            <group name="targetList" use="present"/>
           </withComponents>
          </element>
          <element name="useType">
           <withComponents partial="true">
            <group name="targetList" use="present"/>
           </withComponents>
          </element>
          <element name="useUnion">
           <withComponents partial="true">
            <group name="targetList" use="present"/>
           </withComponents>
          </element>
          <element name="whiteSpace">
           <withComponents partial="true">
            <group name="targetList" use="present"/>
           </withComponents>
          </element>
         </withComponents>
        </element>
        <element name="element">
         <withComponents partial="true">
          <group name="targetList" use="present"/>
         </withComponents>
        </element>
        <element name="assumeReference" use="absent"/>
        <element name="assumeModule" use="absent"/>
       </withComponents>
      </constrained>
     </type>
    </namedType>




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    <namedType name="XER-GeneralEncodingInstruction">
     <type insertions="none">
      <choice>
       <group name="positive">
        <type>
         <constrained type="xer:XER-PositiveInstruction">
          <withComponents partial="true">
           <element name="defaultForEmpty">
            <withComponents partial="true">
             <group name="value" use="present"/>
            </withComponents>
           </element>
           <element name="name">
            <withComponents partial="true">
             <group name="newNameOrKeyword" use="present"/>
            </withComponents>
           </element>
           <element name="piOrComment">
            <withComponents partial="true">
             <attribute name="text" use="present"/>
             <attribute name="position" use="present"/>
            </withComponents>
           </element>
           <element name="whiteSpace">
            <withComponents partial="true">
             <attribute name="action" use="present"/>
            </withComponents>
           </element>
          </withComponents>
         </constrained>
        </type>
       </group>
       <element name="not" type="xer:XER-NegatingInstruction"/>
       <element name="element" type="xer:XER-ElementInstruction"/>
       <element name="assumeReference"
                type="xer:XER-AssumeReferenceInstruction"/>
       <element name="assumeModule"
                type="xer:XER-AssumeModuleInstruction"/>
      </choice>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="XER-PositiveInstruction">
     <type insertions="singular">
      <choice>
       <element name="anyAttributes"
                type="xer:XER-AnyAttributesInstruction"/>
       <element name="anyElement" type="xer:XER-AnyElementInstruction"/>



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       <element name="attribute" type="xer:XER-AttributeInstruction"/>
       <element name="base64" type="xer:XER-Base64Instruction"/>
       <element name="decimal" type="xer:XER-DecimalInstruction"/>
       <element name="defaultForEmpty"
                type="xer:XER-DefaultForEmptyInstruction"/>
       <element name="embedValues"
                type="xer:XER-EmbedValuesInstruction"/>
       <element name="list" type="xer:XER-ListInstruction"/>
       <element name="name" type="xer:XER-NameInstruction"/>
       <element name="namespace" type="xer:XER-NamespaceInstruction"/>
       <element name="piOrComment"
                type="xer:XER-PIOrCommentInstruction"/>
       <element name="text" type="xer:XER-TextInstruction"/>
       <element name="untagged" type="xer:XER-UntaggedInstruction"/>
       <element name="useNil" type="xer:XER-UseNilInstruction"/>
       <element name="useNumber" type="xer:XER-UseNumberInstruction"/>
       <element name="useOrder" type="xer:XER-UseOrderInstruction"/>
       <element name="useQName" type="xer:XER-UseQNameInstruction"/>
       <element name="useType" type="xer:XER-UseTypeInstruction"/>
       <element name="useUnion" type="xer:XER-UseUnionInstruction"/>
       <element name="whiteSpace" type="xer:XER-WhiteSpaceInstruction"/>
      </choice>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="XER-NegatingInstruction">
     <type>
      <constrained type="xer:XER-PositiveInstruction">
       <withComponents partial="true">
        <element name="anyAttributes">
         <withComponents>
          <group name="targetList" use="optional"/>
         </withComponents>
        </element>
        <element name="anyElement">
         <withComponents>
          <group name="targetList" use="optional"/>
         </withComponents>
        </element>
        <element name="defaultForEmpty">
         <withComponents>
          <group name="targetList" use="optional"/>
         </withComponents>
        </element>
        <element name="name">
         <withComponents>
          <group name="targetList" use="optional"/>
         </withComponents>



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        </element>
        <element name="namespace">
         <withComponents>
          <group name="targetList" use="optional"/>
         </withComponents>
        </element>
        <element name="piOrComment">
         <withComponents>
          <group name="targetList" use="optional"/>
         </withComponents>
        </element>
        <element name="text">
         <withComponents>
          <group name="targetList" use="optional"/>
         </withComponents>
        </element>
        <element name="whiteSpace">
         <withComponents>
          <group name="targetList" use="optional"/>
         </withComponents>
        </element>
       </withComponents>
      </constrained>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="XER-TargetList">
     <type>
      <sequenceOf minSize="1">
       <element name="target" type="xer:XER-Targets"/>
      </sequenceOf>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="XER-Targets">
     <type insertions="none">
      <choice>
       <element name="allTypes" type="asn1:NULL"/>
       <group name="identifiedTypes"
              type="xer:XER-QualifiedTypeIdentification"/>
       <element name="components" type="xer:XER-IdentifiersInContext"/>
       <element name="allImportsFrom"
                type="xer:XER-ImportedTypesIdentification"/>
      </choice>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="XER-QualifiedTypeIdentification">



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     <type insertions="hollow">
      <sequence>
       <group name="types">
        <type insertions="singular">
         <choice>
          <group name="specificType"
                 type="xer:XER-SpecificTypeIdentification"/>
          <element name="choice" type="asn1:NULL"/>
          <element name="enumerated" type="asn1:NULL"/>
          <element name="instanceOf" type="asn1:NULL"/>
          <element name="sequence" type="asn1:NULL"/>
          <element name="sequenceOf" type="asn1:NULL"/>
          <element name="set" type="asn1:NULL"/>
          <element name="setOf" type="asn1:NULL"/>
         </choice>
        </type>
       </group>
       <optional>
        <group name="qualification"
               type="xer:XER-QualifyingInformationPart"/>
       </optional>
      </sequence>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="XER-SpecificTypeIdentification">
     <type insertions="hollow">
      <sequence>
       <attribute name="type" type="asn1:QName"/>
       <optional>
        <element name="component" type="asn1:AnyType"/>
       </optional>
       <optional>
        <element name="allTextuallyPresent" type="asn1:NULL"/>
       </optional>
      </sequence>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="XER-QualifyingInformationPart">
     <type insertions="none">
      <choice>
       <element name="allIdentifiers" type="asn1:NULL"/>
       <element name="identifier">
        <type>
         <sequence>
          <attribute name="name" type="asn1:NCName"/>
         </sequence>



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        </type>
       </element>
      </choice>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="XER-IdentifiersInContext">
     <type>
      <sequence>
       <group name="identifiers" type="xer:XER-IdentifierList"/>
       <element name="in">
        <type>
         <choice>
          <element name="allTypes" type="asn1:NULL"/>
          <group name="specificType"
                 type="xer:XER-SpecificTypeIdentification"/>
         </choice>
        </type>
       </element>
      </sequence>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="XER-IdentifierList">
     <type insertions="none">
      <choice>
       <element name="allTextuallyPresent" type="asn1:NULL"/>
       <element name="allFirstLevel" type="asn1:NULL"/>
       <group name="list" type="xer:XER-IdentifiedComponents"/>
      </choice>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="XER-IdentifiedComponents">
     <type>
      <sequenceOf minSize="1">
       <group name="component" type="xer:XER-IdentifiedComponent"/>
      </sequenceOf>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="XER-IdentifiedComponent">
     <type insertions="singular">
      <choice>
       <element name="attribute"
                type="xer:XER-GenericIdentifiedComponent"/>
       <element name="element"
                type="xer:XER-GenericIdentifiedComponent"/>



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       <element name="group" type="xer:XER-GenericIdentifiedComponent"/>
       <element name="member"
                type="xer:XER-GenericIdentifiedComponent"/>
       <element name="item" type="xer:XER-GenericIdentifiedComponent"/>
      </choice>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="XER-GenericIdentifiedComponent">
     <type>
      <sequence>
       <attribute name="name" type="asn1:QName"/>
      </sequence>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="XER-ImportedTypesIdentification">
     <type>
      <sequence>
       <attribute name="name" type="asnx:ModuleReference"/>
       <optional>
        <attribute name="identifier" type="asnx:DefinitiveIdentifier"/>
       </optional>
       <optional>
        <attribute name="schemaIdentity" type="asn1:AnyURI"/>
       </optional>
      </sequence>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="XER-WildcardInstruction">
     <type>
      <sequence>
       <optional>
        <group name="targetList" type="xer:XER-TargetList"/>
       </optional>
       <optional>
        <group name="namespaceRestriction"
               type="xer:XER-NamespaceRestriction"/>
       </optional>
      </sequence>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="XER-NamespaceRestriction">
     <type insertions="none">
      <choice>
       <element name="from" type="xer:XER-URIList"/>



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       <element name="except" type="xer:XER-URIList"/>
      </choice>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="XER-URIList">
     <type>
      <sequenceOf minSize="1">
       <group name="uriOrAbsent" type="xer:XER-QuotedURIorAbsent"/>
      </sequenceOf>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="XER-QuotedURIorAbsent">
     <type insertions="singular">
      <choice>
       <element name="namespace" type="asn1:AnyURI"/>
       <element name="local" type="asn1:NULL"/>
      </choice>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="XER-AnyAttributesInstruction"
               type="xer:XER-WildcardInstruction"/>

    <namedType name="XER-AnyElementInstruction"
               type="xer:XER-WildcardInstruction"/>

    <namedType name="XER-SimpleInstruction">
     <type>
      <sequence>
       <optional>
        <group name="targetList" type="xer:XER-TargetList"/>
       </optional>
      </sequence>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="XER-AttributeInstruction"
               type="xer:XER-SimpleInstruction"/>

    <namedType name="XER-Base64Instruction"
               type="xer:XER-SimpleInstruction"/>

    <namedType name="XER-DecimalInstruction"
               type="xer:XER-SimpleInstruction"/>

    <namedType name="XER-DefaultForEmptyInstruction">



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     <type>
      <sequence>
       <optional>
        <group name="targetList" type="xer:XER-TargetList"/>
       </optional>
       <optional>
        <group name="value">
         <type ref="asnx:Value" insertions="none"/>
        </group>
       </optional>
      </sequence>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="XER-ElementInstruction"
               type="xer:XER-SimpleInstruction"/>

    <namedType name="XER-EmbedValuesInstruction"
               type="xer:XER-SimpleInstruction"/>

    <namedType name="XER-ListInstruction"
               type="xer:XER-SimpleInstruction"/>

    <namedType name="XER-NameInstruction">
     <type>
      <sequence>
       <optional>
        <group name="targetList" type="xer:XER-TargetList"/>
       </optional>
       <optional>
        <group name="newNameOrKeyword" type="xer:XER-NewNameOrKeyword"/>
       </optional>
      </sequence>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="XER-NewNameOrKeyword">
     <type insertions="none">
      <choice>
       <attribute name="newName" type="asn1:UTF8String"/>
       <attribute name="conversion" type="xer:XER-Conversion"/>
      </choice>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="XER-Conversion">
     <type>
      <enumerated>



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       <enumeration name="capitalized" number="0"/>
       <enumeration name="uncapitalized" number="1"/>
       <enumeration name="uppercased" number="2"/>
       <enumeration name="lowercased" number="3"/>
      </enumerated>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="XER-NamespaceInstruction">
     <type>
      <sequence>
       <optional>
        <group name="targetList" type="xer:XER-TargetList"/>
       </optional>
       <optional>
        <group name="namespace" type="xer:XER-NamespaceSpecification"/>
       </optional>
      </sequence>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="XER-NamespaceSpecification">
     <type insertions="none">
      <sequence>
       <attribute name="name" type="asn1:AnyURI"/>
       <optional>
        <attribute name="prefix" type="asn1:NCName"/>
       </optional>
      </sequence>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="XER-PIOrCommentInstruction">
     <type>
      <sequence>
       <optional>
        <group name="targetList" type="xer:XER-TargetList"/>
       </optional>
       <optional>
        <attribute name="text" type="asn1:UTF8String"/>
       </optional>
       <optional>
        <attribute name="position" type="xer:XER-Position"/>
       </optional>
      </sequence>
     </type>
    </namedType>




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    <namedType name="XER-Position">
     <type>
      <enumerated>
       <enumeration name="beforeTag" number="0"/>
       <enumeration name="beforeValue" number="1"/>
       <enumeration name="afterValue" number="2"/>
       <enumeration name="afterTag" number="3"/>
      </enumerated>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="XER-TextInstruction">
     <type>
      <sequence>
       <optional>
        <group name="targetList" type="xer:XER-TargetList"/>
       </optional>
       <optional>
        <group name="newNameOrKeyword" type="xer:XER-NewNameOrKeyword"/>
       </optional>
      </sequence>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="XER-UntaggedInstruction"
               type="xer:XER-SimpleInstruction"/>

    <namedType name="XER-UseNilInstruction"
               type="xer:XER-SimpleInstruction"/>

    <namedType name="XER-UseNumberInstruction"
               type="xer:XER-SimpleInstruction"/>

    <namedType name="XER-UseOrderInstruction"
               type="xer:XER-SimpleInstruction"/>

    <namedType name="XER-UseQNameInstruction"
               type="xer:XER-SimpleInstruction"/>

    <namedType name="XER-UseTypeInstruction"
               type="xer:XER-SimpleInstruction"/>

    <namedType name="XER-UseUnionInstruction"
               type="xer:XER-SimpleInstruction"/>

    <namedType name="XER-WhiteSpaceInstruction">
     <type>
      <sequence>



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       <optional>
        <group name="targetList" type="xer:XER-TargetList"/>
       </optional>
       <optional>
        <attribute name="action" type="xer:XER-WhiteSpaceAction"/>
       </optional>
      </sequence>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="XER-WhiteSpaceAction">
     <type>
      <enumerated>
       <enumeration name="replace" number="0"/>
       <enumeration name="collapse" number="1"/>
      </enumerated>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="XER-AssumeReferenceInstruction">
     <type>
      <sequence>
       <attribute name="name" type="asnx:TypeReference"/>
      </sequence>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="XER-AssumeModuleInstruction">
     <type>
      <sequence>
       <attribute name="name" type="asnx:ModuleReference"/>
       <optional>
        <attribute name="identifier" type="asnx:DefinitiveIdentifier"/>
       </optional>
       <optional>
        <attribute name="schemaIdentity" type="asn1:AnyURI"/>
       </optional>
      </sequence>
     </type>
    </namedType>

   </asn1:module>

Normative References

   [BCP14]    Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.




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   [URI]      Berners-Lee, T., Fielding, R. and L. Masinter, "Uniform
              Resource Identifiers (URI): Generic Syntax", STD 66, RFC
              3986, January 2005.

   [RXER]     Legg, S. and D. Prager, "Robust XML Encoding Rules (RXER)
              for Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1)",
              draft-legg-xed-rxer-xx.txt, a work in progress, October
              2005.

   [RXEREI]   Legg, S., "Encoding Instructions for the Robust XML
              Encoding Rules (RXER)", draft-legg-xed-rxer-ei-xx.txt, a
              work in progress, October 2005.

   [ASN.X]    Legg, S., "Abstract Syntax Notation X (ASN.X)",
              draft-legg-xed-asd-xx.txt, a work in progress, November
              2005.

   [X.680]    ITU-T Recommendation X.680 (07/02) | ISO/IEC 8824-1,
              Information technology - Abstract Syntax Notation One
              (ASN.1): Specification of basic notation.

   [X.680-1]  Draft Amendment 1 (to ITU-T Rec. X.680 | ISO/IEC 8824-1)
              Support for EXTENDED-XER.

   [X.683]    ITU-T Recommendation X.683 (07/02) | ISO/IEC 8824-4,
              Information technology - Abstract Syntax Notation One
              (ASN.1): Parameterization of ASN.1 specifications.

   [X.693-1]  Amendment 1: (to ITU-T Rec. X.693 | ISO/IEC 8825-4) XER
              encoding instructions and EXTENDED-XER

   [XML10]    Bray, T., Paoli, J., Sperberg-McQueen, C., Maler, E. and
              F. Yergeau, "Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 (Third
              Edition)", W3C Recommendation,
              http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-xml-20040204, February 2004.

   [XML11]    Bray, T., Paoli, J., Sperberg-McQueen, C., Maler, E.,
              Yergeau, F., and J. Cowan, "Extensible Markup Language
              (XML) 1.1", W3C Recommendation,
              http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-xml11-20040204, February
              2004.

   [XMLNS10]  Bray, T., Hollander, D. and A. Layman, "Namespaces in
              XML", http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-xml-names-19990114,
              January 1999.

   [ISET]     Cowan, J. and R. Tobin, "XML Information Set (Second
              Edition)", W3C Recommendation,



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              http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-xml-infoset-20040204,
              February 2004.

   [UNICODE]  The Unicode Consortium, "The Unicode Standard, Version
              4.0", Boston, MA, Addison-Wesley Developers Press, 2003.
              ISBN 0-321-18578-1.

Informative References

   [X.693]    ITU-T Recommendation X.693 (12/01) | ISO/IEC 8825-4:2002,
              Information technology - ASN.1 encoding rules: XML
              encoding rules (XER)

Author's Address

   Dr. Steven Legg
   eB2Bcom
   Suite 3, Woodhouse Corporate Centre
   935 Station Street
   Box Hill North, Victoria 3129
   AUSTRALIA

   Phone: +61 3 9896 7830
     Fax: +61 3 9896 7801
   EMail: steven.legg@eb2bcom.com

Full Copyright Statement

   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2005).

   This document is subject to the rights, licenses and restrictions
   contained in BCP 78, and except as set forth therein, the authors
   retain all their rights.

   This document and the information contained herein are provided on an
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   The IETF takes no position regarding the validity or scope of any
   Intellectual Property Rights or other rights that might be claimed to
   pertain to the implementation or use of the technology described in
   this document or the extent to which any license under such rights



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   might or might not be available; nor does it represent that it has
   made any independent effort to identify any such rights.  Information
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   Copies of IPR disclosures made to the IETF Secretariat and any
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Changes in Draft 01

   ASN.1 Schema has been renamed to Abstract Syntax Notation X (ASN.X)
   and the <asn1:schema> element has been renamed to <asn1:module>.

   The XER-EncodingInstructionSchema module has been renamed to
   XER-EncodingInstructionNotation.  The schema identity for the module
   has been similarly changed.

   The component attribute in the SpecificTypeIdentification translation
   has been changed to a <component> element.

   Examples have been added.

   The CONTENT encoding instruction has been renamed to GROUP and a
   component subject to a GROUP encoding instruction is now an element
   item with the [local name] "group" instead of "content".

   The <encodingControl-XER> element has been renamed to <XER> and now
   appears as a child element of an <encodingControls> element.

   Insertion encoding instructions have been added to the ASN.1 for XER
   Encoding Instruction Notation to remove extension ambiguity.










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