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INTERNET-DRAFT                                                   S. Legg
draft-legg-xed-asd-03.txt                                        eB2Bcom
Intended Category: Standards Track                             D. Prager
                                                          April 11, 2005


                ASN.1 Schema: An XML Representation for
          Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1) Specifications

               Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2005).

   Status of this Memo

   By submitting this Internet-draft, each author represents that any
   applicable patent or other IPR claims of which he or she is aware
   have been or will be disclosed, and any of which he or she becomes
   aware will be disclosed, in accordance with Section 6 of BCP 79.

   By submitting this Internet-draft, I accept the provisions of Section
   3 of BCP 78.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups.  Note that
   other groups may also distribute working documents as
   Internet-Drafts.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress".

   The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at
   http://www.ietf.org/1id-abstracts.html

   The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at
   http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html

   Technical discussion of this document should take place on the XED
   developers mailing list <xeddev@eb2bcom.com>.  Please send editorial
   comments directly to the editor <steven.legg@eb2bcom.com>.  Further
   information is available on the XED website: www.xmled.info.

   This Internet-Draft expires on 11 October 2005.


Abstract

   This document defines a semantically equivalent Extensible Markup



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   Language (XML) representation for Abstract Syntax Notation One
   (ASN.1) specifications called ASN.1 Schema.  ASN.1 Schema completely
   avoids the numerous ambiguities inherent in the ASN.1 language,
   therefore ASN.1 Schema documents are much easier to parse and manage
   than original ASN.1 specifications.

Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  4
   2.  Conventions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  5
   3.  General Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  5
   4.  ModuleDefinition Translation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  6
   5.  Translation of Assignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  8
       5.1.  Referencing Named Constructs . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  8
       5.2.  Importing Namespaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  9
       5.3.  TypeAssignment Translation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
       5.4.  ValueAssignment and XMLValueAssignment Translation . . . 10
       5.5.  ValueSetTypeAssignment Translation . . . . . . . . . . . 11
       5.6.  ObjectClassAssignment Translation. . . . . . . . . . . . 11
       5.7.  ObjectAssignment Translation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
       5.8.  ObjectSetAssignment Translation. . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
       5.9.  Parameterized Assignments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
   6.  Translation of Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
       6.1.  Identifier Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
       6.2.  DefinedType Translation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
       6.3.  Translation of Predefined Types. . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
       6.4.  BitStringType Translation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
       6.5.  IntegerType Translation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
       6.6.  EnumeratedType Translation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
       6.7.  PrefixedType Translation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
             6.7.1.  TaggedType Translation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
       6.8.  SelectionType Translation  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
       6.9.  InstanceOfType Translation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
       6.10. ObjectClassFieldType Translation . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
       6.11. TypeFromObject and ValueSetFromObjects Translation . . . 30
       6.12. Translation of Combining Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
             6.12.1.  NamedType Translation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
             6.12.2.  SequenceType Translation. . . . . . . . . . . . 33
             6.12.3.  SetType Translation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
             6.12.4.  ChoiceType Translation. . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
             6.12.5.  Translation of UNION Types. . . . . . . . . . . 36
             6.12.6.  SequenceOfType Translation. . . . . . . . . . . 37
             6.12.7.  Translation of LIST Types . . . . . . . . . . . 38
             6.12.8.  SetOfType Translation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
       6.13. Translation of Constrained Types . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
             6.13.1.  Constraint Translation. . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
             6.13.2.  UserDefinedConstraint Translation . . . . . . . 40
             6.13.3.  TableConstraint Translation . . . . . . . . . . 41



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             6.13.4.  ContentsConstraint Translation. . . . . . . . . 43
             6.13.5.  ExceptionSpec Translation . . . . . . . . . . . 43
       6.14. Tag Defaults and Extension Defaults. . . . . . . . . . . 44
   7.  Translation of Values. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
       7.1.  Translation of Literal Values. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
       7.2.  Translation of Meta-values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
             7.2.1.  DefinedValue Translation . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
             7.2.2.  BuiltinValue Translation . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
             7.2.3.  ValueFromObject Translation. . . . . . . . . . . 52
             7.2.4.  ObjectClassFieldValue Translation. . . . . . . . 53
   8.  Translation of Value Sets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
       8.1.  ElementSetSpecs Translation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
       8.2.  ElementSetSpec Translation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
       8.3.  SubtypeElements Translation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
             8.3.1.  ValueRange Translation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
             8.3.2.  InnerTypeConstraints Translation . . . . . . . . 57
   9.  Translation of Object Classes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
       9.1.  DefinedObjectClass Translation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
       9.2.  ObjectClassDefn Translation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
             9.2.1.  TypeFieldSpec Translation. . . . . . . . . . . . 60
             9.2.2.  FixedTypeValueFieldSpec Translation. . . . . . . 61
             9.2.3.  FixedTypeValueSetFieldSpec Translation . . . . . 62
             9.2.4.  VariableTypeValueFieldSpec Translation . . . . . 63
             9.2.5.  VariableTypeValueSetFieldSpec Translation. . . . 64
             9.2.6.  FieldName Translation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
             9.2.7.  ObjectFieldSpec Translation. . . . . . . . . . . 66
             9.2.8.  ObjectSetFieldSpec Translation . . . . . . . . . 67
   10. Translation of Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
       10.1.  DefinedObject Translation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
       10.2.  ObjectDefn Translation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
       10.3.  ObjectFromObject Translation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
   11. Translation of Object Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
       11.1.  DefinedObjectSet Translation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
       11.2.  ObjectSetElements Translation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
              11.2.1.  ObjectSetFromObjects Translation . . . . . . . 73
   12. Translation of Information From Objects. . . . . . . . . . . . 74
   13. EncodingControlSection Translation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
   14. Security Considerations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
   15. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
   16. IANA Considerations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
   Appendix A. ASN.1 for ASN.1 Schema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
   Appendix B. ASN.1 Schema for ASN.1 Schema. . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
   Appendix C. An XML Schema for ASN.1 Schema . . . . . . . . . . . .134
   Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .134
   Informative Reference  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .136
   Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .136
   Full Copyright Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .136




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1.  Introduction

   A full parser for the Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1) language
   [X.680] is difficult to implement due to numerous ambiguities in the
   notation.  For example, certain notations for a Value are
   syntactically indistinguishable from notation for a ValueSet, Object,
   ObjectSet, DummyReference or SimpleTableConstraint.  An
   ObjectClassAssignment, ObjectAssignment or ObjectSetAssignment
   resembles respectively a TypeAssignment, ValueAssignment or
   ValueSetTypeAssignment.  A FixedTypeValueFieldSpec or
   FixedTypeValueSetFieldSpec resembles respectively an ObjectFieldSpec
   or ObjectSetFieldSpec, and an ObjectClassFieldType resembles
   InformationFromObjects.  In general such ambiguities can only be
   resolved once the entire specification has been parsed.  The
   difficulty of parsing ASN.1 is an impediment to its wider adoption.

   This document defines a semantically equivalent Extensible Markup
   Language (XML) [XML] representation for ASN.1 specifications called
   ASN.1 Schema.  ASN.1 Schema completely avoids the inherent
   ambiguities of the ASN.1 language, therefore ASN.1 Schema documents
   are much easier to parse and manage than original ASN.1
   specifications.  For example, any conformant XML processor forms the
   basis of an ASN.1 toolkit.

   An ASN.1 Schema document is a well-formed and valid XML document
   [XML] conforming to XML namespaces [XMLNS].  ASN.1 Schema, together
   with the Robust XML Encoding Rules (RXER) [RXER], constitutes a
   schema language for XML documents that automatically provides more
   compact binary encodings for XML instance documents conforming to
   ASN.1 Schema.  ASN.1 Schema definitions can also incorporate type
   definitions from XML Schema [XSD1], RELAX NG [RNG] or Document Type
   Definitions (DTDs) [XML].

   ASN.1 Schema is defined in terms of rules for translating from an
   ASN.1 specification.  This does not preclude an ASN.1 Schema document
   being written directly without a pre-existing ASN.1 specification,
   however such an ASN.1 Schema document is considered valid if and only
   if there exists in principle an ASN.1 specification which when
   translated would yield the ASN.1 Schema document.

   The format for ASN.1 Schema has also been designed so that the
   content of an ASN.1 Schema document conforms to the RXER encoding of
   an abstract value of an ASN.1 type, the ModuleDefinition type,
   presented in Appendix A.  This means that it is possible to decode an
   ASN.1 Schema document using an RXER decoder and then re-encode the
   abstract value (for storage or transmission) using any of the other
   encoding rules for ASN.1.




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   The ASN.1 Schema translation of the ASN.1 module in Appendix A is
   presented in Appendix B.

2.  Conventions

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", and "MAY" in this document are
   to be interpreted as described in, BCP 14, RFC 2119 [BCP14].  The key
   word "OPTIONAL" is exclusively used with its ASN.1 meaning.

   Throughout this document "type" shall be taken to mean an ASN.1 type,
   and "value" shall be taken to mean an ASN.1 abstract value.

   A reference to an ASN.1 production [X.680] (e.g., Type, NamedType) is
   a reference to the text in an ASN.1 specification corresponding to
   that production.

   The description of the translation of an ASN.1 specification into
   ASN.1 Schema makes use of definitions from the XML Information Set
   (Infoset) [ISET].  In particular, information item property names are
   presented per the Infoset, e.g., [local name].  In the sections that
   follow, the term "element" shall be taken to mean an Infoset element
   information item and "attribute" shall be taken to mean an Infoset
   attribute information item.

   The [namespace name] of any element or attribute generated by the
   translation from an ASN.1 specification has no value unless specified
   otherwise.

   This document uses the namespace prefix "asn1:" to stand for the
   namespace name "http://xmled.info/ns/ASN.1", though in practice any
   valid namespace prefix is permitted in ASN.1 Schema.

   Encoding instructions [X.680-1] referenced by name in this
   specification are encoding instructions for RXER [RXEREI].  The
   associated provisions do not apply to encoding instructions for other
   encoding rules that happen to have the same name.

3.  General Considerations

   Apart from the [document element] of an ASN.1 Schema document
   information item, the translation of some ASN.1 construct belongs to
   the content of an enclosing element.  Where the translation of the
   construct is an element, it is appended to the [children] of the
   enclosing element.  Elements MUST be appended to the [children] of
   the enclosing element in the order described.  Translators MAY add
   white space character information items (i.e., U+0020, U+0009, U+000D
   and U+000A) to the [children] of the enclosing element to improve the



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   layout.  Where the translation of the construct is an attribute it is
   added to the [attributes] of the enclosing element.  The order of
   attributes is not significant.

   An ASN.1 Schema document is permitted to contain XML comments,
   processing instructions (PIs), CDATA sections, character references
   and parsed entity references in any position allowed for a well-
   formed and valid XML document [XML].  However, note that an ASN.1
   Schema definition may be transferred as data in a protocol and that
   some protocols disallow processing instructions and entity
   references.

   Any element in an ASN.1 Schema document is permitted to have
   namespace declaration attributes [XMLNS].  Namespace declarations for
   the namespace prefixes used in the translation of an ASN.1 module
   into an ASN.1 Schema document are REQUIRED.

4.  ModuleDefinition Translation

   The translation of a ModuleDefinition [X.680] (an ASN.1 module) is a
   document information item.  The [document element] of the document
   information item is an element with the [local name] "schema" and the
   [namespace name] "http://xmled.info/ns/ASN.1".

   An ASN.1 module has a schema identity URI if it has a SCHEMA-IDENTITY
   encoding instruction, in which case the schema identity URI is the
   character string specified by the AnyURIValue of the SCHEMA-IDENTITY
   encoding instruction.

   If the ASN.1 module being translated has a schema identity URI then
   an attribute with the [local name] "schemaIdentity" SHALL be added to
   the [attributes] of the [document element] (i.e., the <asn1:schema>
   element).  The [normalized value] of this attribute is the schema
   identity URI of the module.

   An ASN.1 module has a target namespace if it has a TARGET-NAMESPACE
   encoding instruction, in which case the target namespace is the
   character string specified by the AnyURIValue of the TARGET-NAMESPACE
   encoding instruction.

   If the ASN.1 module being translated has a target namespace then an
   attribute with the [local name] "targetNamespace" SHALL be added to
   the [attributes] of the [document element] (i.e., the <asn1:schema>
   element).  The [normalized value] of this attribute is the target
   namespace of the module.

   In examples in the following sections the namespace prefix "tns:" is
   used to stand for the target namespace of the module being



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   translated.

   An attribute with the [local name] "name" SHALL be added to the
   [attributes] of the [document element].  The [normalized value] of
   this attribute is the modulereference in the ModuleIdentifier in the
   ModuleDefinition.

   If the DefinitiveIdentifier in the ModuleIdentifier in the
   ModuleDefinition is not empty then an attribute with the [local name]
   "identifier" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the
   [document element].  The [normalized value] of this attribute is the
   RXER [RXER] encoding of the DefinitiveIdentifier.

   If the TagDefault in the ModuleDefinition is empty then an attribute
   with the [local name] "tagDefault" and [normalized value] "EXPLICIT"
   SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the [document element].

   If the TagDefault in the ModuleDefinition is not empty and the first
   keyword in the TagDefault is not "AUTOMATIC" then an attribute with
   the [local name] "tagDefault" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of
   the [document element].  The [normalized value] of this attribute is
   the first keyword in the TagDefault, i.e., "EXPLICIT" or "IMPLICIT".

   If the TagDefault in the ModuleDefinition is not empty and the first
   keyword in the TagDefault is "AUTOMATIC" then an attribute with the
   [local name] "tagDefault" and [normalized value] "AUTOMATIC" MAY be
   added to the [attributes] of the [document element].

   If the ExtensionDefault in the ModuleDefinition is not empty then an
   attribute with the [local name] "extensibilityImplied" and
   [normalized value] "true" or "1" SHALL be added to the [attributes]
   of the [document element].

   If the ExtensionDefault in the ModuleDefinition is empty then an
   attribute with the [local name] "extensibilityImplied" and
   [normalized value] "false" or "0" MAY be added to the [attributes] of
   the [document element].

   The translation of each Assignment in the AssignmentList in the
   ModuleBody in the ModuleDefinition of the module being translated
   SHALL be appended to the [children] of the [document element].

   If the EncodingControlSections in the ModuleDefinition contains an
   EncodingControlSection for RXER then the translation of each
   NamedType in a TopLevelComponent [RXEREI] in a TopLevelComponents in
   the EncodingInstructionAssignmentList SHALL be added to the
   [children] of the [document element].  The relative order of the top
   level components SHOULD be preserved in the translation, however the



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   top level components MAY be interspersed with the translations of the
   assignments in the AssignmentList.

   The translation of each EncodingControlSection in the
   EncodingControlSections in the ModuleDefinition of the module being
   translated SHALL be appended to the [children] of the
   [document element].

   Example

      MyModule DEFINITIONS
      IMPLICIT TAGS
      EXTENSIBILITY IMPLIED ::=
      BEGIN

      MyType ::= INTEGER

      ENCODING-CONTROL RXER

          SCHEMA-IDENTITY  "http://example.com/id/MyModule"
          TARGET-NAMESPACE "http://example.com/ns/MyModule"

          COMPONENT myElement INTEGER

      END

      <asn1:schema xmlns:asn1="http://xmled.info/ns/ASN.1"
                   name="MyModule"
                   schemaIdentity="http://example.com/id/MyModule"
                   targetNamespace="http://example.com/ns/MyModule"
                   tagDefault="IMPLICIT"
                   extensibilityImplied="true">

       <namedType name="MyType" type="asn1:INTEGER"/>

       <element name="myElement" type="asn1:INTEGER"/>

      </asn1:schema>

5.  Translation of Assignments

5.1.  Referencing Named Constructs

   An Assignment in ASN.1 associates a reference name with a Type,
   Value, ValueSet, ObjectClass, Object or ObjectSet.  In ASN.1 Schema,
   the translation of the Assignment is regarded as associating a
   qualified name [XMLNS] with the Type, Value, ValueSet, ObjectClass,
   Object or ObjectSet.  ASN.1 Schema uses these qualified names in



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   place of the references in an ASN.1 specification.

   In every case, the local part of the qualified name is the
   typereference, valuereference, objectclassreference, objectreference
   or objectsetreference in the Assignment (i.e., the [normalized value]
   of the name attribute in the translation of the Assignment).  If the
   ASN.1 module in which the Assignment is defined has a target
   namespace then this SHALL be the namespace name of the qualified
   name.

   If the ASN.1 module in which the Assignment is defined does not have
   a target namespace then the namespace name of the qualified name is
   absent (i.e., the name is unqualified).

   If an ASN.1 specification contains two or more modules without target
   namespaces then there exists the possibility of two or more distinct
   assignments in separate modules associated with the same ASN.1 Schema
   name.  An unambiguous translation to ASN.1 Schema does not exist in
   such a case unless each of the modules has a SCHEMA-IDENTITY encoding
   instruction.  Consequently, if two or more modules without target
   namespaces are being translated into ASN.1 Schema and the effective
   names of the top level NamedType instances [RXEREI] in those modules
   are not distinct (across those modules) or the defined type, object
   class, value, object and object set references are not distinct
   across those modules then, as a local action prior to the
   translation, a SCHEMA-IDENTITY encoding instruction MUST be added to
   each of the modules which does not already have a SCHEMA-IDENTITY
   encoding instruction.  The character string (a URI) specified by the
   AnyURIValue of each added SCHEMA-IDENTITY encoding instruction is
   freely chosen by the translator, subject to the condition that these
   character strings are distinct [RXEREI].

   TARGET-NAMESPACE and SCHEMA-IDENTITY encoding instructions are
   RECOMMENDED for every ASN.1 module.

5.2.  Importing Namespaces

   An element with the [local name] "import" is added to the [children]
   of the [document element] for each external module, except the
   AdditionalBasicDefinitions module [RXER], containing Assignments that
   are referenced from the definitions in the ASN.1 Schema document.

   An attribute with the [local name] "name" SHOULD be added to the
   [attributes] of the <import> element.  The [normalized value] of this
   attribute is the modulereference in the ModuleIdentifier in the
   ModuleDefinition of the external module.

   If the DefinitiveIdentifier in the ModuleIdentifier in the



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   ModuleDefinition of the external module is not empty then an
   attribute with the [local name] "identifier" SHOULD be added to the
   [attributes] of the <import> element.  The [normalized value] of this
   attribute is the RXER encoding of the DefinitiveIdentifier.

   If the external module has a schema identity URI then an attribute
   with the [local name] "schemaIdentity" SHALL be added to the
   [attributes] of the <import> element.  The [normalized value] of this
   attribute is the schema identity URI of the external module.

   If the external module has a target namespace then an attribute with
   the [local name] "namespace" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of
   the <import> element.  The [normalized value] of this attribute is
   the target namespace of the external module.

   An attribute with the [local name] "schemaLocation" MAY be added to
   the [attributes] of the <import> element.  The [normalized value] of
   this attribute is a URI [URI] indicating the physical location of the
   ASN.1 Schema translation of the external module.

   The <import> elements MUST precede any other elements in the
   [children] of the [document element].

   Note that because of the way parameterized references are expanded in
   ASN.1 Schema, the modules in the Imports of the ModuleDefinition may
   not correspond exactly to the <import> elements.

5.3.  TypeAssignment Translation

   The translation of a TypeAssignment is an element with the
   [local name] "namedType".  An attribute with the [local name] "name"
   SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the <namedType> element.  The
   [normalized value] of this attribute is the typereference on the left
   hand side of the assignment.  The content of the <namedType> element
   is the translation of the Type on the right hand side of the
   assignment.

   Example

      MyType ::= INTEGER

      <namedType name="MyType" type="asn1:INTEGER"/>

5.4.  ValueAssignment and XMLValueAssignment Translation

   The translation of a ValueAssignment is an element with the
   [local name] "namedValue".  An attribute with the [local name] "name"
   SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the <namedValue> element.  The



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   [normalized value] of this attribute is the valuereference on the
   left hand side of the assignment.  The content of the <namedValue>
   element is the translation of the Type on the left hand side of the
   assignment followed by the translation of the Value on the right hand
   side of the assignment.

   An XMLValueAssignment is converted into the equivalent
   ValueAssignment and then translated as a ValueAssignment.  Note that
   the ASN.1 Schema representation for a Value is unrelated to
   XMLTypedValue.

   Example

      myValue INTEGER ::= 10

      <namedValue name="myValue" type="asn1:INTEGER" literal="10"/>

5.5.  ValueSetTypeAssignment Translation

   The translation of a ValueSetTypeAssignment is an element with the
   [local name] "namedValueSet".  An attribute with the [local name]
   "name" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the <namedValueSet>
   element.  The [normalized value] of this attribute is the
   typereference on the left hand side of the assignment.  The content
   of the <namedValueSet> element is the translation of the Type on the
   left hand side of the assignment followed by the translation of the
   ValueSet on the right hand side of the assignment.

   Example

      MyValueSet INTEGER ::= { 10 }

      <namedValueSet name="MyValueSet" type="asn1:INTEGER">
       <valueSet>
        <value>10</value>
       </valueSet>
      </namedValueSet>

5.6.  ObjectClassAssignment Translation

   The translation of an ObjectClassAssignment is an element with the
   [local name] "namedClass".  An attribute with the [local name] "name"
   SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the <namedClass> element.  The
   [normalized value] of this attribute is the objectclassreference on
   the left hand side of the assignment.  The content of the
   <namedClass> element is the translation of the ObjectClass on the
   right hand side of the assignment.




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   Example

      MY-CLASS ::= TYPE-IDENTIFIER

      <namedClass name="MY-CLASS" class="asn1:TYPE-IDENTIFIER"/>

5.7.  ObjectAssignment Translation

   The translation of an ObjectAssignment is an element with the
   [local name] "namedObject".  An attribute with the [local name]
   "name" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the <namedObject>
   element.  The [normalized value] of this attribute is the
   objectreference on the left hand side of the assignment.  The content
   of the <namedObject> element is the translation of the
   DefinedObjectClass on the left hand side of the assignment followed
   by the translation of the Object on the right hand side of the
   assignment.

   Example

      myObject TYPE-IDENTIFIER ::=
          { INTEGER IDENTIFIED BY { 2 5 13 14 } }

      <namedObject name="myObject" class="asn1:TYPE-IDENTIFIER">
       <object>
        <field name="id" literal="2.5.13.14"/>
        <field name="Type" type="asn1:INTEGER/>
       </object>
      </namedObject>

5.8.  ObjectSetAssignment Translation

   The translation of an ObjectSetAssignment is an element with the
   [local name] "namedObjectSet".  An attribute with the [local name]
   "name" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the <namedObjectSet>
   element.  The [normalized value] of this attribute is the
   objectsetreference on the left hand side of the assignment.  The
   content of the <namedObjectSet> element is the translation of the
   DefinedObjectClass on the left hand side of the assignment followed
   by the translation of the ObjectSet on the right hand side of the
   assignment.

   Example

      MyObjectSet TYPE-IDENTIFIER ::= { myObject }

      <namedObjectSet name="MyObjectSet" class="asn1:TYPE-IDENTIFIER">
       <objectSet>



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        <object ref="tns:myObject"/>
       </objectSet>
      </namedObjectSet>

5.9.  Parameterized Assignments

   The translation of an ASN.1 specification into ASN.1 Schema replaces
   instances of DummyReference [X.683] or references to parameterized
   definitions [X.683] with the definition expanded in-line (except for
   a special case involving recursive parameterized types).  For
   example, a ParameterizedObject is replaced by the Object on the right
   hand side of the referenced ParameterizedObjectAssignment.
   Consequently there is no direct translation for a
   ParameterizedAssignment, though its definition may come into play in
   the translation of references to the parameterized definition.

   The definition that substitutes for a DummyReference or parameterized
   reference (e.g., the Object that substitutes for a
   ParameterizedObject) is potentially in a different module scope to
   the parameterized reference.  Expanding a DummyReference or
   parameterized reference in-line puts the substitute definition into
   the module scope of the parameterized reference, which could
   therefore alter the interpretation of the substitute definition.
   However, only type definitions have dependencies on the module scope.
   Other kinds of definitions are not affected.

   A type definition is dependent on the TagDefault and ExtensionDefault
   of the module, and may also be affected by encoding instructions in
   an XML Encoding Rules (XER) encoding control section [X.693-1].
   Section 6.14 describes attributes that are added to the translation
   of a type definition to override the module defaults and ensure the
   appropriate interpretation with respect to tagging and extensibility.
   The solution with respect to XER encoding instructions is described
   by the procedure for translating XER encoding instructions into
   ASN.1 Schema [XEREIT].

      ASIDE: Type definitions are not dependent on their module's RXER
      or Generic String Encoding Rules (GSER) [GSER] encoding control
      section [GSEREI].

6.  Translation of Types

   The rules for translating the different varieties of Type are
   detailed in this section.

   Note that the notation of ASN.1 is ambiguous where a Type is both
   prefixed [X.680-1] (e.g., tagged) and constrained.  For example, the
   notation "[0] INTEGER (0..10)" could be interpreted either as a



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   tagged ConstrainedType or a constrained TaggedType.  For the purposes
   of the translation into ASN.1 Schema the constraint is assumed to
   have higher precedence than the prefix, so the above notation would
   be taken to be a tagged ConstrainedType.

6.1.  Identifier Replacement

   Various RXER encoding instructions can be used to override an
   identifier in an ASN.1 specification with an NCName [XMLNS].  The
   NCName is given pre-eminence in the ASN.1 Schema representation and
   the identifier is not explicitly given if it is algorithmically
   related to the NCName.  The cases where an NCName overrides an
   identifier are covered individually in other parts of this
   specification and make use of the following definition.

   Definition: The reduction of an NCName is the string of characters
   resulting from the following operations performed in order on the
   NCName:

   (1) replace each "." (U+002E) and "_" (U+005F) character with a "-"
       (U+002D) character,

   (2) remove every character except latin letters (U+0041-U+005A,
       U+0061-U+007A), decimal digits (U+0030-U+0039) and hyphens
       (U+002D),

   (3) remove leading and trailing hyphen characters,

   (4) replace sequences of two or more hyphen characters with a single
       hyphen, and

   (5) convert the first character to lowercase if it is an uppercase
       letter.

      ASIDE: If the reduction of an NCName is not the same as the
      identifier the NCName replaces then the identifier will be
      explicitly given in the translation into ASN.1 Schema.

6.2.  DefinedType Translation

   If a Type is a DefinedType in a ReferencedType then the translation
   of the Type is the translation of the DefinedType.

   If a DefinedType is not a ParameterizedType,
   ParameterizedValueSetType or DummyReference and is not subject to a
   TYPE-REF or REF-AS-TYPE encoding instruction then the translation of
   the DefinedType is either the attribute form translation of a type
   reference, or the element form translation of a type reference.



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   The attribute form translation of a type reference is an attribute
   with the [local name] "type".  The [normalized value] of this
   attribute is the qualified name referencing the type definition (see
   Section 5.1).  The attribute form translation SHALL NOT be used if
   the qualified name is shared by two or more type definitions in
   separate modules, i.e., is ambiguous.

   The element form translation of a type reference is an element with
   the [local name] "type".  An attribute with the [local name] "ref"
   SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the <type> element.  The
   [normalized value] of this attribute is the qualified name
   referencing the type definition.  If the qualified name is shared by
   two or more type definitions in separate modules then an attribute
   with the [local name] "context" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of
   the <type> element.  The [normalized value] of this attribute is the
   character string value of the AnyURIValue of the SCHEMA-IDENTITY
   encoding instruction for the module containing the type definition
   referenced by the DefinedType.

      ASIDE: A SCHEMA-IDENTITY encoding instruction is obligatory in
      such cases (see Section 5.1).

   The translation of the DefinedType is the same whether the type
   definition is referenced by a typereference or an
   ExternalTypeReference.

   If a DefinedType is subject to a TYPE-REF encoding instruction then
   the translation of the DefinedType is either the attribute form
   translation of a foreign type reference, or the element form
   translation of a foreign type reference.  If the RefParameters in the
   TYPE-REF encoding instruction is not empty then the attribute form of
   a foreign type reference cannot be used.

   The attribute form translation of a foreign type reference is an
   attribute with the [local name] "type".  The [normalized value] of
   this attribute is the RXER encoding of the QNameValue from the
   TYPE-REF encoding instruction.

   The element form translation of a foreign type reference is an
   element with the [local name] "type".  An attribute with the
   [local name] "ref" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the <type>
   element.  The [normalized value] of this attribute is the RXER
   encoding of the QNameValue from the TYPE-REF encoding instruction.
   If the ContextParameter is present in the RefParameters in the
   TYPE-REF encoding instruction then an attribute with the [local name]
   "context" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the <type> element.
   The [normalized value] of this attribute is the string value of the
   AnyURIValue in the ContextParameter.  If the



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   CanonicalizationParameter is present in the RefParameters in the
   TYPE-REF encoding instruction then an attribute with the [local name]
   "canonicalization" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the <type>
   element.  The [normalized value] of this attribute is the string
   value of the AnyURIValue in the CanonicalizationParameter.

   Usually the translator is free to choose either the attribute form or
   element form translation for a type reference or foreign type
   reference, however in some contexts attribute forms of Type are
   explicitly disallowed.

   If a DefinedType is subject to a REF-AS-TYPE encoding instruction
   then the translation of the DefinedType is an element with the
   [local name] "type".  An attribute with the [local name]
   "elementType" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the <type>
   element.  The [normalized value] of this attribute is the RXER
   encoding of the NameValue from the REF-AS-TYPE encoding instruction.
   If the ContextParameter is present in the RefParameters in the
   REF-AS-TYPE encoding instruction then an attribute with the
   [local name] "context" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the
   <type> element.  The [normalized value] of this attribute is the
   string value of the AnyURIValue in the ContextParameter.  If the
   CanonicalizationParameter is present in the RefParameters in the
   REF-AS-TYPE encoding instruction then an attribute with the
   [local name] "canonicalization" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of
   the <type> element.  The [normalized value] of this attribute is the
   string value of the AnyURIValue in the CanonicalizationParameter.

   Example

      CHOICE {
          one    Foo,
          two    [RXER:TYPE-REF
                     { namespace-name "http://www.example.com/PO1",
                       local-name "PurchaseOrderType" }
                 ] AnyType,
          three  [RXER:REF-AS-TYPE "product"
                     CONTEXT "http://www.example.com/inventory"
                 ] AnyType
      }

      <type xmlns:po="http://www.example.com/PO1">
       <choice>
        <element name="one" type="tns:Foo"/>
        <element name="two" type="po:PurchaseOrderType"/>
        <element name="three">
         <type elementType="product"
               context="http://www.example.com/inventory"/>



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        </element>
       </choice>
      </type>

   If a DefinedType is a DummyReference then the translation of the Type
   is the translation of the Type in the ActualParameter corresponding
   to the DummyReference.

   If a DefinedType is a ParameterizedType then the translation of the
   DefinedType is the translation of the ParameterizedType.

   If a DefinedType is a ParameterizedValueSetType then the translation
   of the DefinedType is the translation of the
   ParameterizedValueSetType.

   Definition: A ParameterizedType is recursively contained if its
   translation will be nested within the translation of another
   ParameterizedType to which it is equivalent.  A
   ParameterizedValueSetType is recursively contained if its translation
   will be nested within the translation of another
   ParameterizedValueSetType to which it is equivalent.

   If a ParameterizedType is not recursively contained then the
   translation of the ParameterizedType is the translation of the Type
   on the right hand side of the referenced ParameterizedTypeAssignment.

   If a ParameterizedValueSetType is not recursively contained then the
   translation of the ParameterizedValueSetType is the translation of
   the constrained Type on the right hand side of the notional
   ParameterizedTypeAssignment equivalent to the referenced
   ParameterizedValueSetTypeAssignment (see Clause 15.8 of X.680
   [X.680]).

      ASIDE: The Type that substitutes for a ParameterizedType,
      ParameterizedValueSetType or DummyReference is potentially in a
      different module scope to the surrounding translation, therefore
      the translation of the Type may require a tagDefault or
      extensibilityImplied attribute, according to the provisions of
      Section 6.14.

   If a ParameterizedType or ParameterizedValueSetType is recursively
   contained then its translation is an element with the [local name]
   "type".  An attribute with the [local name] "ancestor" SHALL be added
   to the [attributes] of the <type> element.  The [normalized value] of
   this attribute is the decimal digit string representing the the
   integer value of one plus the number of intermediate enclosing <type>
   elements between the <type> elements resulting from the translations
   of the two equivalent instances of ParameterizedType or



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   ParameterizedValueSetType.

   A <type> element with an ancestor attribute is a reference to an
   ancestor <type> element.  This form for a <type> element SHOULD NOT
   be used in original specifications written in ASN.1 Schema.

      ASIDE: The form is only intended for the purpose of handling
      recursive parameterized type definitions in an ASN.1 specification
      being translated into ASN.1 Schema.  Such definitions are self-
      referencing but have no obvious name.  It is also not easy to
      construct a suitable name from the surrounding context because
      recursive parameterized types can be embedded in other constructs,
      such as information objects, which are themselves unnamed.

   Example

      Consider these type definitions:

         Tree { ValueType } ::= SEQUENCE {
             value          [0] ValueType,
             left-subtree   [1] Tree { ValueType } OPTIONAL,
             right-subtree  [2] Tree { ValueType } OPTIONAL
         }

         NumberTree ::= [APPLICATION 13] Tree { INTEGER }

      The assignment for "Tree" is not directly translated because it is
      a ParameterizedAssignment.  The translation for the "NumberTree"
      assignment, up to but not yet including the Type in the
      TaggedType, is as follows:

         <namedType name="NumberTree">
          <type>
           <tagged tagClass="APPLICATION" number="13"/>
          </type>
         </namedType>

      The Type in the TaggedType is a ParameterizedType.  Since the
      ParameterizedType is not recursively contained the translation of
      the ParameterizedType is the translation of the Type on the right
      hand side of the referenced ParameterizedTypeAssignment, namely
      this type:

         SEQUENCE {
             value          [0] ValueType,
             left-subtree   [1] Tree { ValueType } OPTIONAL,
             right-subtree  [2] Tree { ValueType } OPTIONAL
         }



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      ValueType is a DummyReference.  The translation of the actual
      parameter substitutes for the DummyReference.  In this case the
      actual parameter is the type INTEGER.

      The translation for the SEQUENCE type, up to the first component,
      is added to the <tagged> element:

         <namedType name="NumberTree">
          <type>
           <tagged tagClass="APPLICATION" number="13">
            <type><!-- Tree { INTEGER } -->
             <sequence>
              <element name="value">
               <type>
                <tagged number="0">
                 <type ref="asn1:INTEGER"/><!-- ValueType -->
                </tagged>
               </type>
              </element>
             </sequence>
            </type>
           </tagged>
          </type>
         </namedType>

      The Type in the TaggedType for the second component is a
      ParameterizedType.  Since this ParameterizedType is recursively
      contained its translation is a <type> element with the ancestor
      attribute.  The value of the ancestor attribute is "2" because
      there is one intermediate <type> element (for a TaggedType).  Put
      another way, the translations of the equivalent instances of
      ParameterizedType are two <type> steps apart.

      The translation of the third component of the SEQUENCE type
      follows the same pattern as the second component.  The completed
      translation is as follows:

         <namedType name="NumberTree">
          <type>
           <tagged tagClass="APPLICATION" number="13">
            <type><!-- Tree { INTEGER } -->
             <sequence>
              <element name="value">
               <type>
                <tagged number="0">
                 <type ref="asn1:INTEGER"/><!-- ValueType -->
                </tagged>
               </type>



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              </element>
              <optional>
               <element name="left-subtree">
                <type>
                 <tagged number="1">
                  <type ancestor="2"/><!-- Tree { ValueType } -->
                 </tagged>
                </type>
               </element>
              </optional>
              <optional>
               <element name="right-subtree">
                <type>
                 <tagged number="2">
                  <type ancestor="2"/><!-- Tree { ValueType } -->
                 </tagged>
                </type>
               </element>
              </optional>
             </sequence>
            </type>
           </tagged>
          </type>
         </namedType>

6.3.  Translation of Predefined Types

   If a Type comprises one of the productions in Table 1 then the
   translation of the Type is either the attribute form or element form
   translation of that type.

   The attribute form translation of a Type comprising one of the
   productions in Table 1 is an attribute with the [local name] "type".
   The [normalized value] of this attribute is a qualified name with the
   namespace name "http://xmled.info/ns/ASN.1" and the local part as
   indicated in Table 1.

   Table 1: Reference Names for Predefined Types

      +----------------------------------+-------------------+
      | ASN.1 Production                 | local part        |
      +==================================+===================+
      | BitStringType                    |                   |
      |    without a NamedBitList        | BIT-STRING        |
      +----------------------------------+-------------------+
      | BooleanType                      | BOOLEAN           |
      | EmbeddedPDVType                  | EMBEDDED-PDV      |
      | ExternalType                     | EXTERNAL          |



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      +----------------------------------+-------------------+
      | IntegerType                      |                   |
      |    without a NamedNumberList     | INTEGER           |
      +----------------------------------+-------------------+
      | NullType                         | NULL              |
      | ObjectIdentifierType             | OBJECT-IDENTIFIER |
      | OctetStringType                  | OCTET-STRING      |
      | RealType                         | REAL              |
      | RelativeOIDType                  | RELATIVE-OID      |
      +----------------------------------+-------------------+
      | RestrictedCharacterStringType    |                   |
      |    BMPString                     | BMPString         |
      |    GeneralString                 | GeneralString     |
      |    GraphicString                 | GraphicString     |
      |    IA5String                     | IA5String         |
      |    ISO646String                  | ISO646String      |
      |    NumericString                 | NumericString     |
      |    PrintableString               | PrintableString   |
      |    TeletexString                 | TeletexString     |
      |    T61String                     | T61String         |
      |    UniversalString               | UniversalString   |
      |    UTF8String                    | UTF8String        |
      |    VideotexString                | VideotexString    |
      |    VisibleString                 | VisibleString     |
      +----------------------------------+-------------------+
      | UnrestrictedCharacterStringType  | CHARACTER-STRING  |
      +----------------------------------+-------------------+
      | UsefulType                       |                   |
      |    GeneralizedTime               | GeneralizedTime   |
      |    UTCTime                       | UTCTime           |
      |    ObjectDescriptor              | ObjectDescriptor  |
      +----------------------------------+-------------------+

   The element form translation of a Type comprising one of the
   productions in Table 1 is an element with the [local name] "type".
   An attribute with the [local name] "ref" SHALL be added to the
   [attributes] of the <type> element.  The [normalized value] of this
   attribute is a qualified name with the namespace name
   "http://xmled.info/ns/ASN.1" and the local part as indicated in
   Table 1.

   Example

      BOOLEAN

      <type ref="asn1:BOOLEAN"/>

   Usually the translator is free to choose either the attribute form or



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   element form translation for a Type, however in some contexts
   attribute forms of Type are explicitly disallowed.

6.4.  BitStringType Translation

   The translation of a BitStringType with a NamedBitList is an element
   with the [local name] "type".  An element with the [local name]
   "namedBitList" SHALL be added to the [children] of the <type>
   element.  The translation of each NamedBit in the NamedBitList SHALL
   be appended to the [children] of the <namedBitList> element.

   The translation of a NamedBit is an element with the [local name]
   "namedBit".  An attribute with the [local name] "name" SHALL be added
   to the [attributes] of the <namedBit> element.  If the BitStringType
   is subject to a VALUES encoding instruction then the
   [normalized value] of this attribute is the replacement name [RXEREI]
   for the identifier of the NamedBit, otherwise it is the identifier of
   the NamedBit.  If the BitStringType is subject to a VALUES encoding
   instruction and the reduction of the replacement name is not the same
   as the identifier then an attribute with the [local name]
   "identifier" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the <namedBit>
   element, otherwise an attribute with the [local name] "identifier"
   MAY be added to the [attributes] of the <namedBit> element.  The
   [normalized value] of this attribute is the identifier of the
   NamedBit.  An attribute with the [local name] "bit" SHALL be added to
   the [attributes] of the <namedBit> element.  The [normalized value]
   of this attribute is the string representation of the integer value
   of the number or DefinedValue of the NamedBit.

   Examples

      BIT STRING { zero(0), one(1), two(2) }

      <type>
       <namedBitList>
        <namedBit name="zero" bit="0"/>
        <namedBit name="one" bit="1"/>
        <namedBit name="two" bit="2"/>
       </namedBitList>
      </type>

      [RXER:VALUES ALL CAPITALIZED wednesday AS "Midweek"]
          BIT STRING {
              monday(0), tuesday(1), wednesday(2),
              thursday(3), friday(4)
          }

      <type>



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       <namedBitList>
        <namedBit name="Monday" bit="0"/>
        <namedBit name="Tuesday" bit="1"/>
        <namedBit name="Midweek" identifier="wednesday" bit="2"/>
        <namedBit name="Thursday" bit="3"/>
        <namedBit name="Friday" bit="4"/>
       </namedBitList>
      </type>

6.5.  IntegerType Translation

   The translation of an IntegerType with a NamedNumberList is an
   element with the [local name] "type".  An element with the
   [local name] "namedNumberList" SHALL be added to the [children] of
   the <type> element.  The translation of each NamedNumber in the
   NamedNumberList SHALL be appended to the [children] of the
   <namedNumberList> element.

   The translation of a NamedNumber is an element with the [local name]
   "namedNumber".  An attribute with the [local name] "name" SHALL be
   added to the [attributes] of the <namedNumber> element.  If the
   IntegerType is subject to a VALUES encoding instruction then the
   [normalized value] of this attribute is the replacement name [RXEREI]
   for the identifier of the NamedNumber, otherwise it is the identifier
   of the NamedNumber.  If the IntegerType is subject to a VALUES
   encoding instruction and the reduction of the replacement name is not
   the same as the identifier then an attribute with the [local name]
   "identifier" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the <namedNumber>
   element, otherwise an attribute with the [local name] "identifier"
   MAY be added to the [attributes] of the <namedNumber> element.  The
   [normalized value] of this attribute is the identifier of the
   NamedNumber.  An attribute with the [local name] "number" SHALL be
   added to the [attributes] of the <namedNumber> element.  The
   [normalized value] of this attribute is the string representation of
   the integer value of the SignedNumber or DefinedValue of the
   NamedNumber.

   Examples

      INTEGER { nothing(0), a-little(1), a-lot(100) }

      <type>
       <namedNumberList>
        <namedNumber name="nothing" number="0"/>
        <namedNumber name="a-little" number="1"/>
        <namedNumber name="a-lot" number="100"/>
       </namedNumberList>
      </type>



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      [RXER:VALUES ALL CAPITALIZED very-high AS "DANGEROUS"]
          INTEGER { low(25), medium(50), high(75), very-high(100) }

      <type>
       <namedNumberList>
        <namedNumber name="Low" number="25"/>
        <namedNumber name="Medium" number="50"/>
        <namedNumber name="High" number="75"/>
        <namedNumber name="DANGEROUS" identifier="very-high"
                     number="100"/>
       </namedNumberList>
      </type>

6.6.  EnumeratedType Translation

   The translation of an EnumeratedType is an element with the
   [local name] "type".  An element with the [local name] "enumerated"
   SHALL be added to the [children] of the <type> element.  The
   translation of each EnumerationItem in the RootEnumeration SHALL be
   appended to the [children] of the <enumerated> element.

   If the ellipsis ("...") is present then an element with the
   [local name] "extension" SHALL be appended to the [children] of the
   <enumerated> element, and the translation of the ExceptionSpec
   (possibly empty) SHALL be added to the [children] of the <extension>
   element.  If an AdditionalEnumeration is present then the translation
   of each EnumerationItem in the AdditionalEnumeration SHALL be
   appended to the [children] of the <extension> element.

   The translation of an EnumerationItem is an element with the
   [local name] "enumeration".

   If the EnumerationItem is of the "identifier" form then an attribute
   with the [local name] "name" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of
   the <enumeration> element.  If the EnumeratedType is subject to a
   VALUES encoding instruction then the [normalized value] of this
   attribute is the replacement name [RXEREI] for the identifier,
   otherwise it is the identifier.  If the EnumeratedType is subject to
   a VALUES encoding instruction and the reduction of the replacement
   name is not the same as the identifier then an attribute with the
   [local name] "identifier" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the
   <namedNumber> element, otherwise an attribute with the [local name]
   "identifier" MAY be added to the [attributes] of the <namedNumber>
   element.  The [normalized value] of this attribute is the identifier.

   If the EnumerationItem is of the "NamedNumber" form then an attribute
   with the [local name] "name" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of
   the <enumeration> element.  If the EnumeratedType is subject to a



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   VALUES encoding instruction then the [normalized value] of this
   attribute is the replacement name [RXEREI] for the identifier of the
   NamedNumber, otherwise it is the identifier of the NamedNumber.  If
   the EnumeratedType is subject to a VALUES encoding instruction and
   the reduction of the replacement name is not the same as the
   identifier then an attribute with the [local name] "identifier" SHALL
   be added to the [attributes] of the <namedNumber> element, otherwise
   an attribute with the [local name] "identifier" MAY be added to the
   [attributes] of the <namedNumber> element.  The [normalized value] of
   this attribute is the identifier of the NamedNumber.  An attribute
   with the [local name] "number" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of
   the <enumeration> element.  The [normalized value] of this attribute
   is the digit string representation of the integer value of the
   SignedNumber or DefinedValue of the NamedNumber.

   Example

      ENUMERATED { red(0), green(1), ..., blue(2) }

      <type>
       <enumerated>
        <enumeration name="red" number="0"/>
        <enumeration name="green" number="1"/>
        <extension>
         <enumeration name="blue" number="2"/>
        </extension>
       </enumerated>
      </type>

      [RXER:VALUES ALL CAPITALIZED red AS "Crimson"]
          ENUMERATED { red, yellow, green, blue }

      <type>
       <enumerated>
        <enumeration name="Crimson" identifier="red"/>
        <enumeration name="Yellow"/>
        <enumeration name="Green"/>
        <enumeration name="Blue"/>
       </enumerated>
      </type>

6.7.  PrefixedType Translation

   The translation of a PrefixedType [X.680-1] that is a TaggedType is
   the translation of the TaggedType.

   If a PrefixedType is an EncodingPrefixedType and the
   EncodingReference is RXER, or the EncodingReference is empty and the



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   default encoding reference [X.680-1] for the module is RXER, then the
   translation of the PrefixedType is the translation of the Type in the
   EncodingPrefixedType.

      ASIDE: This is not suggesting that RXER encoding instructions are
      ignored.  Encoding instructions for RXER are not explicitly
      represented in ASN.1 Schema, but rather affect how an ASN.1
      specification is translated into an ASN.1 Schema document (since
      the content of an ASN.1 Schema document is also the RXER encoding
      of an abstract value of the ModuleDefinition ASN.1 type in
      Appendix A).  The individual effects of RXER encoding instructions
      on the translation are addressed in other parts of this
      specification.

      Encoding instructions for other encoding rules have explicit
      representations in ASN.1 Schema.

   If a PrefixedType is an EncodingPrefixedType and the
   EncodingReference is not RXER, or the EncodingReference is empty and
   the default encoding reference for the module is not RXER, then the
   translation of the PrefixedType is an element with the [local name]
   "prefixed".  The translation of the EncodingPrefix in the
   EncodingPrefixedType SHALL be added to the [children] of the
   <prefixed> element.

   If the EncodingReference of an EncodingPrefix is not empty then the
   translation of the EncodingPrefix is an element with the
   encodingreference of the EncodingReference as the [local name].  The
   translation of the EncodingInstruction in the EncodingPrefix SHALL be
   added to the [children] of this element.

   If the EncodingReference of an EncodingPrefix is empty then the
   translation of the EncodingPrefix is an element with the default
   encoding reference for the module as the [local name].  The
   translation of the EncodingInstruction in the EncodingPrefix SHALL be
   added to the [children] of this element.

   The EncodingInstruction notation is different for each set of
   encoding instructions, and their translations into ASN.1 Schema are
   specified in separate documents [GSEREIT][XEREIT].  At the time of
   writing, only three sets of encoding instructions have been defined
   (for RXER [RXEREI], GSER [GSER][GSEREI] and EXTENDED-XER
   [X.693][X.693-1]).

   If the <type> child element of a <prefixed> element has no attributes
   and has a <prefixed> child element then that <type> child element MAY
   be replaced by the content (both attributes and child elements) of
   the inner <prefixed> element.



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   If two consecutive child elements of a <prefixed> element have the
   same [local name] (which will be an encodingreference) then the
   second child element MAY be removed and have its [children] appended
   to the [children] of the first child element.

   These two rewriting steps MAY be applied to the result of a previous
   rewriting step if the necessary conditions still hold.

   Example

      These three definitions are equivalent.

      [XER:ATTRIBUTE] [XER:USE-UNION] [GSER:CHOICE-OF-STRINGS]
          MyChoiceType

      <type>
       <prefixed>
        <XER><attribute/></XER>
        <type>
         <prefixed>
          <XER><useUnion/></XER>
          <type>
           <prefixed type="tns:MyChoiceType">
            <GSER><choiceOfStrings/></GSER>
           </prefixed>
          </type>
         </prefixed>
        </type>
       </prefixed>
      </type>

      <type>
       <prefixed type="tns:MyChoiceType">
        <XER><attribute/><useUnion/></XER>
        <GSER><choiceOfStrings/></GSER>
       </prefixed>
      </type>

6.7.1.  TaggedType Translation

   The translation of a TaggedType is an element with the [local name]
   "type".  An element with the [local name] "tagged" SHALL be added to
   the [children] of the <type> element.  If the Class of the Tag is not
   empty then an attribute with the [local name] "tagClass" SHALL be
   added to the [attributes] of the <tagged> element.  The
   [normalized value] of this attribute is the Class of the Tag, either
   "UNIVERSAL", "APPLICATION" or "PRIVATE".




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   If the TaggedType is of the "Tag IMPLICIT Type" form then an
   attribute with the [local name] "tagging" and [normalized value]
   "IMPLICIT" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the <tagged>
   element.

   If the TaggedType is of the "Tag EXPLICIT Type" form then an
   attribute with the [local name] "tagging" and [normalized value]
   "EXPLICIT" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the <tagged>
   element.

   If the TaggedType is of the "Tag Type" form and the Type in the
   TaggedType is a DummyReference then an attribute with the
   [local name] "tagging" and [normalized value] "EXPLICIT" SHALL be
   added to the [attributes] of the <tagged> element.

   The translation of the Type in the TaggedType SHALL be added to the
   content of the <tagged> element.

   Examples

      [0] INTEGER

      <type>
       <tagged number="0" type="asn1:INTEGER"/>
      </type>

      [APPLICATION 10] IMPLICIT BOOLEAN

      <type>
       <tagged tagClass="APPLICATION" number="10" tagging="IMPLICIT"
               type="asn1:BOOLEAN"/>
      </type>

6.8.  SelectionType Translation

   The translation of a SelectionType is an element with the
   [local name] "type".  An element with the [local name] "selection"
   SHALL be added to the [children] of the <type> element.

   The identifier in a SelectionType identifies a NamedType in the
   definition of the Type in the SelectionType.  The translation of that
   NamedType will be an element with the [local name] either
   "attribute", "element", "content" or "member".  An attribute with the
   same [local name] as the translation of the NamedType SHALL be added
   to the [attributes] of the <selection> element.  The
   [normalized value] of this attribute is the RXER encoding [RXER] of
   the effective name [RXEREI] of the NamedType.




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   The translation of the Type in the SelectionType SHALL be added to
   the content of the <selection> element.

   Example

      field1 < MyChoiceType

      <type>
       <selection element="field1" type="tns:MyChoiceType"/>
      </type>

      field2 < CHOICE {
          field2  [RXER:ATTRIBUTE][RXER:NAME AS "field-two"] INTEGER
      }

      <type>
       <selection attribute="field-two">
        <type>
         <choice>
          <attribute name="field-two" identifier="field2"
                     type="asn1:INTEGER"/>
         </choice>
        </type>
       </selection>
      </type>

6.9.  InstanceOfType Translation

   The translation of an InstanceOfType is an element with the
   [local name] "type".  An element with the [local name] "instanceOf"
   SHALL be added to the [children] of the <type> element.  The content
   of the <instanceOf> element is the translation of the
   DefinedObjectClass in the InstanceOfType.

   Example

      INSTANCE OF TYPE-IDENTIFIER

      <type>
       <instanceOf class="asn1:TYPE-IDENTIFIER"/>
      </type>

6.10.  ObjectClassFieldType Translation

   The translation of an ObjectClassFieldType is an element with the
   [local name] "type".  An element with the [local name] "fromClass"
   SHALL be added to the [children] of the <type> element.  The content
   of the <fromClass> element is the translation of the



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   DefinedObjectClass in the ObjectClassFieldType followed by the
   translation of the FieldName (see Section 9.2.6).

   Example

      OPERATION.&Linked.&ArgumentType

      <type>
       <fromClass class="tns:OPERATION"
                  fieldName="Linked/ArgumentType"/>
      </type>

6.11.  TypeFromObject and ValueSetFromObjects Translation

   The translation of a TypeFromObject or ValueSetFromObjects is an
   element with the [local name] "type".  An element with the
   [local name] "fromObjects" SHALL be added to the [children] of the
   <type> element.

   The translation of the ReferencedObjects in the TypeFromObject or
   ValueSetFromObjects SHALL be added to the content of the
   <fromObjects> element.

   The translation of the FieldName in the TypeFromObject or
   ValueSetFromObjects SHALL be appended to the content of the
   <fromObjects> element.

   Example

      invertMatrix.&Errors.&errorCode

      <type>
       <fromObjects object="tns:invertMatrix"
                    fieldName="Errors/errorCode"/>
      </type>

6.12.  Translation of Combining Types

   This section details the translation of the ASN.1 combining types:
   SET, SEQUENCE, CHOICE, SET OF and SEQUENCE OF.  The combining type
   definitions all make use of the NamedType notation.

6.12.1.  NamedType Translation

   A NamedType is translated in one of three ways depending on the
   context.  These are the normal translation, the member translation
   and the item translation.  These translations are not
   interchangeable.  One of the three will be explicitly invoked as part



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   of the translation of an enclosing combining type.

   If a NamedType is subject to an ATTRIBUTE or ATTRIBUTE-REF encoding
   instruction then the normal translation of the NamedType is an
   element with the [local name] "attribute", otherwise if the NamedType
   is subject to a CONTENT encoding instruction then the normal
   translation of the NamedType is an element with the [local name]
   "content", otherwise the normal translation of the NamedType is an
   element with the [local name] "element".

   The member translation of a NamedType is an element with the
   [local name] "member".

   The item translation of a NamedType is an element with the
   [local name] "item".

      ASIDE: A Namedtype for which the member or item translation is
      invoked will never be subject to an ATTRIBUTE, ATTRIBUTE-REF,
      CONTENT or TYPE-AS-VERSION encoding instruction.  These encoding
      instructions are also mutually exclusive.

   If a NamedType is subject to a TYPE-AS-VERSION encoding instruction
   then an attribute with the [local name] "typeAsVersion" and
   [normalized value] "true" or "1" SHALL be added to the <element>
   element.  For the normal translation, if a NamedType is not subject
   to an ATTRIBUTE, ATTRIBUTE-REF, CONTENT or TYPE-AS-VERSION encoding
   instruction then an attribute with the [local name] "typeAsVersion"
   and [normalized value] "false" or "0" MAY be added to the <element>
   element.

   For the normal, member and item translations, if a NamedType is not
   subject to an ATTRIBUTE-REF, ELEMENT-REF or REF-AS-ELEMENT encoding
   instruction then an attribute with the [local name] "name" SHALL be
   added to the [attributes] of the <attribute>, <content>, <element>,
   <member> or <item> element, as appropriate.  The [normalized value]
   of this attribute is the value of the local-name component of the
   effective name [RXEREI] of the NamedType.

      ASIDE: If there are no NAME, ATTRIBUTE-REF, ELEMENT-REF or
      REF-AS-ELEMENT encoding instructions then the value of the
      local-name component of the effective name of a NamedType is its
      identifier.

   If the reduction of the local-name component (an NCName) of the
   effective name of the NamedType is not the same as the identifier of
   the NamedType then an attribute with the [local name] "identifier"
   SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the <attribute>, <content>,
   <element>, <member> or <item> element, as appropriate, otherwise an



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   attribute with the [local name] "identifier" MAY be added to the
   [attributes] of the <attribute>, <content>, <element>, <member> or
   <item> element.  The [normalized value] of this attribute is the
   identifier of the NamedType.

   If a NamedType is subject to an ATTRIBUTE-REF or ELEMENT-REF encoding
   instruction then an attribute with the [local name] "ref" SHALL be
   added to the [attributes] of the <attribute> or <element> element, as
   appropriate.  The [normalized value] of this attribute is the RXER
   encoding of the QNameValue from the encoding instruction.

   If a NamedType is subject to a REF-AS-ELEMENT encoding instruction
   then an attribute with the [local name] "elementType" SHALL be added
   to the [attributes] of the <element> element.  The [normalized value]
   of this attribute is the RXER encoding of the NameValue from the
   REF-AS-ELEMENT encoding instruction.

   If the ContextParameter is present in the RefParameters in the
   ATTRIBUTE-REF, ELEMENT-REF or REF-AS-ELEMENT encoding instruction
   then an attribute with the [local name] "context" SHALL be added to
   the [attributes] of the <attribute> or <element> element, as
   appropriate.  The [normalized value] of this attribute is the string
   value of the AnyURIValue in the ContextParameter.  If the
   CanonicalizationParameter is present in the RefParameters in the
   encoding instruction then an attribute with the [local name]
   "canonicalization" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the
   <attribute> or <element> element, as appropriate.  The
   [normalized value] of this attribute is the string value of the
   AnyURIValue in the CanonicalizationParameter.

   If a NamedType is not subject to an ATTRIBUTE-REF, ELEMENT-REF or
   REF-AS-ELEMENT encoding instruction then the translation of the Type
   in the NamedType SHALL be added to the content of the <attribute>,
   <content>, <element>, <member> or <item> element, as appropriate.  If
   the enclosing combining type is a SEQUENCE, SET or CHOICE type and
   the Type in the NamedType is a DummyReference and the TagDefault for
   the module containing the NamedType is "AUTOMATIC TAGS" then an
   attribute form translation of the Type in the NamedType SHALL NOT be
   used, and an attribute with the [local name] "explicit" and
   [normalized value] "true" or "1" SHALL be added to the [attributes]
   of the <type> element resulting from the translation of the Type in
   the NamedType.  Where the automatic tagging transformation applies,
   this attribute indicates that explicit tagging applies to the Type in
   the NamedType instead of the usual implicit tagging.

   Example

      CHOICE {



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          one    INTEGER,
          two    [RXER:ATTRIBUTE] BOOLEAN,
          three  [RXER:ATTRIBUTE-REF
                     { namespace-name "http://www.example.com/schema",
                       local-name "foo" }]
                 AnyType,
          four   [RXER:ELEMENT-REF
                     { namespace-name "http://www.example.com/schema",
                       local-name "bar" }]
                 AnyType,
          four   [RXER:REF-AS-ELEMENT "product"
                     CONTEXT "http://www.example.com/inventory"]
                 AnyType,
          five   [RXER:CONTENT] MySequence
      }

      <type>
       <choice xmlns:ex="http://www.example.com/schema">
        <element name="one" type="asn1:INTEGER"/>
        <attribute name="two" type="asn1:BOOLEAN"/>
        <attribute ref="ex:foo"/>
        <element ref="ex:bar"/>
        <element elementType="product"
                 context="http://www.example.com/inventory"/>
        <content name=five" type="tns:MySequence"/>
       </choice>
      </type>

6.12.2.  SequenceType Translation

   The translation of a SequenceType is an element with the [local name]
   "type".  An element with the [local name] "sequence" SHALL be added
   to the [children] of the <type> element.  The translation of each
   ComponentType in the ComponentTypeList of the initial
   RootComponentTypeList, if present, SHALL be appended to the
   [children] of the <sequence> element.

   If the ExtensionAndException is present then an element with the
   [local name] "extension" SHALL be appended to the [children] of the
   <sequence> element, and the translation of the ExceptionSpec
   (possibly empty) SHALL be added to the [children] of the <extension>
   element.

   The translation of each ExtensionAdditionGroup or ComponentType in
   the ExtensionAdditions (if any) SHALL be appended to the [children]
   of the <extension> element.

   If the ExtensionEndMarker is present then the translation of each



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   ComponentType in the final RootComponentTypeList SHALL be appended to
   the [children] of the <sequence> element.

   The translation of an ExtensionAdditionGroup is an element with the
   [local name] "extensionGroup".  If the VersionNumber is present then
   an attribute with the [local name] "version" SHALL be added to the
   [attributes] of the <extensionGroup> element.  The [normalized value]
   of this attribute is the number of the VersionNumber.  The
   translation of each ComponentType in the ExtensionAdditionGroup SHALL
   be appended to the [children] of the <extensionGroup> element.

   The translation of a ComponentType of the "NamedType" form is the
   normal translation of the NamedType.

   The translation of a ComponentType of the "NamedType OPTIONAL" form
   is an element with the [local name] "optional".  The normal
   translation of the NamedType SHALL be added to the [children] of the
   <optional> element.

   The translation of a ComponentType of the "NamedType DEFAULT Value"
   form is an element with the [local name] "optional".  The normal
   translation of the NamedType SHALL be added to the [children] of the
   <optional> element.  An element with the [local name] "default" SHALL
   be appended to the [children] of the <optional> element.  The content
   of the <default> element is the translation of the Value.

   The translation of a ComponentType of the "COMPONENTS OF Type" form
   is an element with the [local name] "componentsOf".  The translation
   of the Type SHALL be added to the content of the <componentsOf>
   element.

   Example

      SEQUENCE {
          one    INTEGER,
          two    [RXER:ATTRIBUTE] BOOLEAN OPTIONAL,
          ...,
          [[ 2:
              four   NULL
          ]],
          COMPONENTS OF MySequence,
          ...,
          three   PrintableString DEFAULT "third"
      }

      <type>
       <sequence>
        <element name="one" type="asn1:INTEGER"/>



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        <optional>
         <attribute name="two" type="asn1:BOOLEAN"/>
        </optional>
        <extension>
         <extensionGroup version="2">
          <element name="four" type="asn1:NULL"/>
         </extensionGroup>
         <componentsOf type="tns:MySequence"/>
        </extension>
        <optional>
         <element name="three" type="asn1:PrintableString"/>
         <default literal="third"/>
        </optional>
       </sequence>
      </type>

6.12.3.  SetType Translation

   The translation of a SetType follows the same procedure as a
   SequenceType except that SetType replaces SequenceType, "SET"
   replaces "SEQUENCE", and the [local name] "set" is used instead of
   "sequence".

6.12.4.  ChoiceType Translation

   The translation of a ChoiceType that is not subject to a UNION
   encoding instruction is an element with the [local name] "type".  An
   element with the [local name] "choice" SHALL be added to the
   [children] of the <type> element.  The normal translation of each
   NamedType in the RootAlternativeTypeList SHALL be appended to the
   [children] of the <choice> element.

   If the ExtensionAndException is present then an element with the
   [local name] "extension" is appended to the [children] of the
   <choice> element, and the translation of the ExceptionSpec (possibly
   empty) is added to the [children] of the <extension> element.

   The translation of each ExtensionAdditionAlternativesGroup or
   NamedType in the ExtensionAdditionAlternatives (if any) SHALL be
   appended to the [children] of the <extension> element.  The normal
   translation of the NamedType is used.

   The translation of an ExtensionAdditionAlternativesGroup is an
   element with the [local name] "extensionGroup".  If the VersionNumber
   is present then an attribute with the [local name] "version" SHALL be
   added to the [attributes] of the <extensionGroup> element.  The
   [normalized value] of this attribute is the number of the
   VersionNumber.  The normal translation of each NamedType in the



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   ExtensionAdditionAlternativesGroup SHALL be appended to the
   [children] of the <extensionGroup> element.

   Example

      CHOICE {
          one  INTEGER,
          two  [RXER:NAME AS "Two"] BOOLEAN,
          ...,
          [[ 2:
              three  NULL
          ]],
          four  PrintableString,
          ...
      }

      <type>
       <choice>
        <element name="one" type="asn1:INTEGER"/>
        <element name="Two" type="asn1:BOOLEAN"/>
        <extension>
         <extensionGroup version="2">
          <element name="three" type="asn1:NULL"/>
         </extensionGroup>
         <element name="four" type="asn1:PrintableString"/>
        </extension>
       </choice>
      </type>

6.12.5.  Translation of UNION Types

   The translation of a ChoiceType that is subject to a UNION encoding
   instruction follows the same procedure as a ChoiceType that is not
   subject to a UNION encoding instruction except that the [local name]
   "union" is used instead of "choice", and the member translation of
   each NamedType is used instead of the normal translation.

   In addition, if the UNION encoding instruction has a PrecedenceList
   then an attribute with the [local name] "precedence" SHALL be added
   to the [attributes] of the <union> element.  The [normalized value]
   of this attribute is the white space separated list of the RXER
   encodings [RXER] of the effective names [RXEREI] of the NamedType
   instances corresponding to the identifiers in the PrecedenceList.

   Example

      [RXER:UNION PRECEDENCE utf8 visible] CHOICE {
          printable  PrintableString,



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          teletex    TeletexString,
          visible    [RXER:NAME AS "ascii"] VisibleString,
          ...,
          utf8       UTF8String
      }

      <type>
       <union precedence="utf8 ascii">
        <member name="printable" type="asn1:PrintableString"/>
        <member name="teletex" type="asn1:TeletexString"/>
        <member name="ascii" identifier="visible"
                type="asn1:VisibleString"/>
        <extension>
         <member name="utf8" type="asn1:UTF8String"/>
        </extension>
       </union>
      </type>

6.12.6.  SequenceOfType Translation

   The translation of a SequenceOfType that is not subject to a LIST
   encoding instruction is an element with the [local name] "type".  An
   element with the [local name] "sequenceOf" SHALL be added to the
   [children] of the <type> element.

   If the SequenceOfType is of the "SEQUENCE OF NamedType" form then the
   normal translation of the NamedType SHALL be added to the content of
   the <sequenceOf> element.

   If the SequenceOfType is of the "SEQUENCE OF Type" form then an
   element with the [local name] "element" SHALL be added to the
   [children] of the <type> element.  An attribute with the [local name]
   "name" and [normalized value] "item" SHALL be added to the
   [attributes] of the <element> element.  An attribute with the
   [local name] "identifier" and empty [normalized value] SHALL be added
   to the [attributes] of the <element> element.  The translation of the
   Type SHALL be added to the content of the <element> element.

   Examples

      SEQUENCE OF INTEGER

      <type>
       <sequenceOf>
        <element name="item" identifier="" type="asn1:INTEGER"/>
       </sequenceOf>
      </type>




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      SEQUENCE OF counter INTEGER

      <type>
       <sequenceOf>
        <element name="counter" type="asn1:INTEGER"/>
       </sequenceOf>
      </type>

6.12.7.  Translation of LIST Types

   The translation of a SequenceOfType that is subject to a LIST
   encoding instruction is an element with the [local name] "type".  An
   element with the [local name] "list" SHALL be added to the [children]
   of the <type> element.  The item translation of the NamedType SHALL
   be added to the content of the <list> element.

      ASIDE: SequenceOfType is necessarily of the
      "SEQUENCE OF NamedType" form for a LIST encoding instruction.

   Example

      [RXER:LIST] SEQUENCE OF number INTEGER

      <type>
       <list>
        <item name="number" type="asn1:INTEGER"/>
       </list>
      </type>

6.12.8.  SetOfType Translation

   The translation of a SetOfType follows the same procedure as a
   SequenceOfType except that SetOfType replaces SequenceOfType, "SET"
   replaces "SEQUENCE", and the [local name] "setOf" is used instead of
   "sequenceOf".

6.13.  Translation of Constrained Types

   If a ConstrainedType is of the "Type Constraint" form then the
   translation of the ConstrainedType is an element with the
   [local name] "type".  An element with the [local name] "constrained"
   SHALL be added to the [children] of the <type> element.  The content
   of the <constrained> element is the translation of the Type followed
   by the translation of the Constraint.

   The translation of a ContainedType that is a TypeWithConstraint is
   the translation of the TypeWithConstraint.




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   Definition: A LowerEndpoint or UpperEndpoint is a simple endpoint if
   it is closed and its value is "MIN", "MAX" or a SignedNumber in an
   IntegerValue in a BuiltinValue in the Value of the endpoint.

   Definition: A SizeConstraint is a simple range if the Constraint in
   the SizeConstraint contains only a ValueRange (i.e., a ValueRange in
   a SubtypeElements in an Elements in a single IntersectionElements in
   a single Intersections in a Unions in an ElementSetSpec in a lone
   RootElementSetSpec in an ElementSetSpecs in a SubtypeConstraint in a
   lone ConstraintSpec in the Constraint) and both endpoints are simple.

   Definition: A Constraint is a simple range if contains only a
   SizeConstraint that is a simple range (i.e., a simple range
   SizeConstraint in a SubtypeElements in an Elements in a single
   IntersectionElements in a single Intersections in a Unions in an
   ElementSetSpec in a lone RootElementSetSpec in an ElementSetSpecs in
   a SubtypeConstraint in a lone ConstraintSpec in the Constraint).

   If the Constraint or SizeConstraint in a TypeWithConstraint is a
   simple range then the compact translation of the TypeWithConstraint
   MAY be used, otherwise the full translation of the TypeWithConstraint
   is used.

   The compact translation of a TypeWithConstraint is the translation of
   the parent type.  If the value of the lower endpoint is not "MIN" or
   "0" then an attribute with the [local name] "minSize" SHALL be added
   to the [attributes] of the <sequenceOf>, <setOf> or <list> element
   from the translation of the parent type.  The [normalized value] of
   this attribute is the value of the lower endpoint.  If the value of
   the upper endpoint is not "MAX" then an attribute with the
   [local name] "maxSize" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the
   <sequenceOf>, <setOf> or <list> element.  The [normalized value] of
   this attribute is the value of the upper endpoint.

   The full translation of a TypeWithConstraint is an element with the
   [local name] "type".  An element with the [local name] "constrained"
   SHALL be added to the [children] of the <type> element.  The content
   of the <constrained> element is the translation of the parent type
   followed by the translation of the Constraint or SizeConstraint.

   Examples

      SEQUENCE (SIZE(1..MAX)) OF number INTEGER

      <type>
       <sequenceOf minSize="1">
        <element name="number" type="asn1:INTEGER"/>
       </sequenceOf>



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      </type>

      SEQUENCE SIZE(0..10) OF number INTEGER

      <type>
       <sequenceOf maxSize="10">
        <element name="number" type="asn1:INTEGER"/>
       </sequenceOf>
      </type>

      SEQUENCE SIZE(1..limit) OF number INTEGER

      <type>
       <constrained>
        <type>
         <sequenceOf>
          <element name="number" type="asn1:INTEGER"/>
         </sequenceOf>
        </type>
        <size>
         <range>
          <minInclusive literal="1"/>
          <maxInclusive value="tns:limit"/>
         </range>
        </size>
       </constrained>
      </type>


6.13.1.  Constraint Translation

   The translation of a Constraint is the translation of the
   ConstraintSpec followed by the translation of the ExceptionSpec
   (possibly empty).

   The translation of a ConstraintSpec is the translation of the
   contained SubtypeConstraint or GeneralConstraint.

   The translation of a SubtypeConstraint is the translation of the
   contained ElementSetSpecs.

   The translation of a GeneralConstraint is the translation of the
   contained UserDefinedConstraint, TableConstraint or
   ContentsConstraint.

6.13.2.  UserDefinedConstraint Translation

   The translation of a UserDefinedConstraint is an element with the



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   [local name] "constrainedBy".  The translation of each
   UserDefinedConstraintParameter SHALL be appended to the [children] of
   the <constrainedBy> element.

   The translation of a UserDefinedConstraintParameter of the
   "Governor : Value" form is an element with the [local name]
   "valueParameter".  The content of the <valueParameter> element is the
   translation of the Type in the Governor followed by the translation
   of the Value.

   The translation of a UserDefinedConstraintParameter of the
   "Governor : ValueSet" form is an element with the [local name]
   "valueSetParameter".  The content of the <valueSetParameter> element
   is the translation of the Type in the Governor followed by the
   translation of the ValueSet.

   The translation of a UserDefinedConstraintParameter of the
   "Governor : Object" form is an element with the [local name]
   "objectParameter".  The content of the <objectParameter> element is
   the translation of the DefinedObjectClass in the Governor followed by
   the translation of the Object.

   The translation of a UserDefinedConstraintParameter of the
   "Governor : ObjectSet" form is an element with the [local name]
   "objectSetParameter".  The content of the <objectSetParameter>
   element is the translation of the DefinedObjectClass in the Governor
   followed by the translation of the ObjectSet.

   The translation of a UserDefinedConstraintParameter that is a Type is
   an element with the [local name] "typeParameter".  The translation of
   the Type SHALL be added to the content of the <typeParameter>
   element.

   The translation of a UserDefinedConstraintParameter that is a
   DefinedObjectClass is an element with the [local name]
   "classParameter".  The translation of the DefinedObjectClass SHALL be
   added to the content of the <classParameter> element.

6.13.3.  TableConstraint Translation

   The translation of a TableConstraint that is a SimpleTableConstraint
   is an element with the [local name] "table".  The translation of the
   ObjectSet in the SimpleTableConstraint SHALL be added to the content
   of the <table> element.

   The translation of a TableConstraint that is a
   ComponentRelationConstraint is an element with the [local name]
   "table".  The translation of the DefinedObjectSet in the



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   ComponentRelationConstraint SHALL be added to the content of the
   <table> element.  The translation of each AtNotation SHALL be
   appended to the [children] of the <table> element.

   The translation of an AtNotation is an element with the [local name]
   "restrictBy".  The content of the <restrictBy> element is the
   character string formed by the concatenation of zero, one or more
   "../" strings, one for each Level in the AtNotation (including the
   empty one), followed by a "/" (U+002F) separated list of the RXER
   encodings [RXER] of the effective names [RXEREI] of the NamedType
   instances identified by the ComponentIdList identifiers.  If a
   NamedType is subject to an ATTRIBUTE or ATTRIBUTE-REF encoding
   instruction then the encoding of the effective name is prefixed with
   the "@" (U+0040) character.

   Examples

      ERROR.&Type({Errors}{@severity,@...errorId})

      <type>
       <constrained>
        <type>
         <fromClass class="tns:ERROR" fieldName="Type"/>
        </type>
        <table objectset="tns:Errors">
         <restrictBy>severity</restrictBy>
         <restrictBy>../../../errorId</restrictBy>
        </table>
       </constrained>
      </type>

      SEQUENCE {
          iD     [RXER:NAME AS "ID"] [RXER:ATTRIBUTE]
                     TYPE-IDENTIFIER.&id({AllTypes}),
          value  TYPE-IDENTIFIER.&Type({AllTypes}{@iD})
      }

      <type>
       <sequence>
        <attribute name="ID">
         <type>
          <constrained>
           <type>
            <fromClass class="asn1:TYPE-IDENTIFIER" fieldName="id"/>
           </type>
           <table objectset="tns:AllTypes"/>
          </constrained>
         </type>



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        </attribute>
        <element name="value">
         <type>
          <constrained>
           <type>
            <fromClass class="asn1:TYPE-IDENTIFIER" fieldName="Type"/>
           </type>
           <table objectset="tns:AllTypes">
            <restrictBy>@ID</restrictBy>
           </table>
          </constrained>
         </type>
        </element>
       </sequence>
      </type>

6.13.4.  ContentsConstraint Translation

   The translation of a ContentsConstraint is an element with the
   [local name] "contents".

   If the ContentsConstraint is of the "CONTAINING Type" form then an
   element with the [local name] "containing" SHALL be added to the
   [children] of the <contents> element.  The translation of the Type
   SHALL be added to the contents of the <containing> element.

   If the ContentsConstraint is of the "ENCODED BY Value" form then an
   element with the [local name] "encodedBy" SHALL be added to the
   [children] of the <contents> element.  The translation of the Value
   SHALL be added to the contents of the <encodedBy> element.

   If the ContentsConstraint is of the
   "CONTAINING Type ENCODED BY Value" form then the content of the
   <contents> element is an element with the [local name] "containing"
   followed by an element with the [local name] "encodedBy".  The
   translation of the Type SHALL be added to the contents of the
   <containing> element, and the translation of the Value SHALL be added
   to the contents of the <encodedBy> element.

6.13.5.  ExceptionSpec Translation

   The translation of an empty ExceptionSpec is empty.

   The translation of a non-empty ExceptionSpec is an element with the
   [local name] "exception".

   If the ExceptionSpec is a SignedNumber then the content of the
   <exception> element is the translation of a notional INTEGER Type



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   followed by the translation of a notional Value of the INTEGER type
   with the IntegerValue of SignedNumber.

   If the ExceptionSpec is a DefinedValue then the content of the
   <exception> element is the translation of a notional INTEGER Type
   followed by the translation of the DefinedValue.

   If the ExceptionSpec is of the "Type : Value" form then the content
   of the <exception> element is the translation of the Type followed by
   the translation of the Value.

   Examples

      !10

      <exception type="asn1:INTEGER" literal="10"/>

      !myValue

      <exception type="asn1:INTEGER" value="tns:myValue"/>

      !PrintableString:"failure"

      <exception type="asn1:PrintableString" literal="failure"/>

6.14.  Tag Defaults and Extension Defaults

   When a DummyReference or parameterized reference is replaced by the
   definition it references the TagDefault and ExtensionDefault applying
   to any nested type definitions may no longer accord with the original
   ASN.1 specification.  This section describes attributes that are
   added to the translation of a type definition so that the appropriate
   defaults for tagging and extensibility are applied.

   Definition: For encoding rules that use type tagging, a tag default
   affects how those tags are constructed.  Its value is either
   EXPLICIT, IMPLICIT or AUTOMATIC.  If the TagDefault in the
   ModuleDefinition for a module is empty then the tag default for the
   module is EXPLICIT, otherwise the tag default for the module is the
   first keyword in the TagDefault.  The tag default for a Type is the
   tag default of the module containing the Type.

   Definition: An extension default indicates whether types are assumed
   to be extensible in the absence of an explicit extension marker
   (which translates into an <extension> element).  Its value is either
   TRUE or FALSE.  If the ExtensionDefault in the ModuleDefinition for a
   module is empty then the extension default for the module is FALSE,
   otherwise the extension default for the module is TRUE.  The



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   extension default for a Type is the extension default of the module
   containing the Type.

   Definition: The contributing Type for a <type> element is the Type
   whose translation produces the content of that <type> element.

      ASIDE: The translation of a Type that is a DummyReference,
      ParameterizedType or ParameterizedValueSetType (in a DefinedType
      in a ReferencedType) is normally the translation of the referenced
      Type.  In such cases, the referencing Type is therefore not a
      contributing Type.

   Definition: If a <type> element is not enclosed by another <type>
   element then the inherited tag default for that <type> element is the
   tag default of the module whose translation contains the <type>
   element, otherwise the inherited tag default for the <type> element
   is the tag default of the contributing Type for the innermost
   enclosing <type> element.

   If a contributing Type is not a DefinedType and is not one of the
   productions in Table 1 (see Section 6.3) and the inherited tag
   default for its associated <type> element is not the same as the tag
   default of the contributing Type then an attribute with the
   [local name] "tagDefault" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the
   <type> element, otherwise an attribute with the [local name]
   "tagDefault" MAY be added to the [attributes] of the <type> element.
   The [normalized value] of this attribute is the tag default of the
   contributing Type.

   Definition: If a <type> element is not enclosed by another <type>
   element then the inherited extension default for that <type> element
   is the extension default of the module whose translation contains the
   <type> element, otherwise the inherited extension default for the
   <type> element is the extension default of the contributing Type for
   the innermost enclosing <type> element.

   If a contributing Type is not a DefinedType and is not one of the
   productions in Table 1 and the inherited extension default for its
   associated <type> element is not the same as the extension default of
   the contributing Type then an attribute with the [local name]
   "extensibilityImplied" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the
   <type> element, otherwise an attribute with the [local name]
   "extensibilityImplied" MAY be added to the [attributes] of the <type>
   element.  If the extension default is TRUE then the
   [normalized value] of this attribute is "true" or "1", otherwise it
   is "false" or "0".

7.  Translation of Values



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   A Value in an ASN.1 specification is a mix of literal values (e.g.,
   numbers and strings) and notations for referencing defined values.
   Likewise, the ASN.1 Schema translation of a Value is a mix of markup
   for literal values and markup for referencing notations
   (meta-values).  A Value is categorized by the following definitions.

   Definition: A Value is a literal value if and only if it is not a
   meta-value.

   Definition: A Value is a meta-value if and only if:

   (a) the Value is a BuiltinValue, and

       (1) the BuiltinValue is a TaggedValue and the Value in the
           TaggedValue is a meta-value, or

       (2) the BuiltinValue is a SequenceValue or SetValue and the
           ComponentValueList of the SequenceValue or SetValue contains
           a NamedValue where the translation of the corresponding
           NamedType (from the governing type of the Value) is not an
           <element> element and the Value of the NamedValue is a
           meta-value, or

       (3) the BuiltinValue is a ChoiceValue where the translation of
           the NamedType corresponding to the identifier of the
           ChoiceValue is not an <element> element and the Value of the
           ChoiceValue is a meta-value, or

       (4) the BuiltinValue is a SequenceOfValue with a NamedValueList
           that contains a NamedValue where the translation of the
           corresponding NamedType (from the governing type of the
           Value) is not an <element> element and the Value of the
           NamedValue is a meta-value, or

   (b) the Value is a ReferencedValue, and

       (1) the ReferencedValue is a ValueFromObject, or

       (2) the ReferencedValue is a DefinedValue, and

           (i)   the DefinedValue is a valuereference (not a
                 DummyReference) or an ExternalValueReference, or

           (ii)  the DefinedValue is a DummyReference and the Value in
                 the ActualParameter corresponding to the DummyReference
                 is a meta-value, or

           (iii) the DefinedValue is a ParameterizedValue and the Value



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                 on the right hand side of the referenced
                 ParameterizedValueAssignment is a meta-value, or

   (c) the Value is an ObjectClassFieldValue, and

       (1) the ObjectClassFieldValue is an OpenTypeFieldVal, or

       (2) the ObjectClassFieldValue is a FixedTypeFieldVal, and

           (i)  the FixedTypeFieldVal is a BuiltinValue that satisfies
                case (a), or

           (ii) the FixedTypeFieldVal is a ReferencedValue that
                satisfies case (b).

7.1.  Translation of Literal Values

   The translation of a literal value is either the attribute form
   translation of a literal value, or the element form translation of a
   literal value.

   The attribute form translation of a literal value is an attribute
   with the [local name] "literal" whose [normalized value] is the RXER
   encoding [RXER] of the Value.

   The element form translation of a literal value is an element with
   the [local name] "value" whose content is the RXER encoding of the
   Value, except that a value of the EXTERNAL type (or a subtype
   thereof) is encoded according to the associated type defined in
   Clause 34.5 of X.680 [X.680].  In addition, where the content of an
   element in the encoding corresponds to a nested meta-value the
   translation specified in Section 7.2. SHALL be used instead (for the
   content of that element).  If the content of an element in the
   encoding corresponds to a nested literal Value that is a BuiltinValue
   that is a a SequenceValue, SetValue, ChoiceValue, SequenceOfValue or
   SetOfValue then that nested literal Value MAY be translated as a
   meta-value.  An attribute with the [local name] "meta",
   [namespace name] "http://xmled.info/ns/ASN.1" and [normalized value]
   "false" or "0" (e.g., asn1:meta="false") MAY be added to the
   [attributes] of the <value> element.

      ASIDE: The asn1:meta attribute operates as a switch that indicates
      whether the content of the element containing the attribute is
      interpreted as ASN.1 Schema notation (a meta-value) or as an RXER
      encoding (a literal value).

   The attribute form translation of a literal value SHALL NOT be used
   if, the RXER encoding of the Value contains items other than



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   character information items, attribute forms of Value have been
   explicitly disallowed, or the Value has a nested meta-value.

7.2.  Translation of Meta-values

   The translation of a meta-value is the translation of either a
   BuiltinValue, a ReferencedValue or an ObjectClassFieldValue.

   The translation of a ReferencedValue is the translation of either a
   DefinedValue or a ValueFromObject.

   The translation for each these cases is described as creating an
   element with the [local name] "value", which is appropriate for a
   meta-value that stands on its own.  However, a meta-value may also be
   nested within a literal value, in which case the [local name] will be
   determined according to RXER and the governing ASN.1 type of the
   enclosing literal Value.

   Examples

      zero INTEGER ::= 0

      <namedValue name="zero" type="asn1:INTEGER">
       <value>0</value><!-- A literal value. -->
      </namedValue>

      nothing INTEGER ::= zero

      <namedValue name="nothing" type="asn1:INTEGER"/>
        <value asn1:meta="true" ref="tns:zero"/><!-- A meta-value. -->
      </namedValue>

      integerList SEQUENCE OF number INTEGER ::= { zero, 3, 7 }

      <namedValue name="integerList">
       <type>
        <sequenceOf>
         <element name="number" type="asn1:INTEGER"/>
        </sequenceOf>
       </type>
       <value><!-- A literal value. -->
        <number asn1:meta="true" ref="tns:zero"/><!-- A meta-value. -->
        <number>3</number><!-- A literal value. -->
        <number>7</number><!-- A literal value. -->
       </value>
      </namedValue>

7.2.1.  DefinedValue Translation



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   If a DefinedValue is a valuereference (not a DummyReference) or an
   ExternalValueReference then the translation of the DefinedValue is
   either the attribute form translation of a value reference, or the
   element form translation of a value reference.

   The attribute form translation of a value reference is an attribute
   with the [local name] "value".  The [normalized value] of this
   attribute is the qualified name referencing the value definition (see
   Section 5.1).  The attribute form translation SHALL NOT be used if
   the qualified name is shared by two or more value definitions in
   separate modules, i.e., is ambiguous.

   The element form translation of a value reference is an element with
   the [local name] "value".  An attribute with the [local name] "meta",
   [namespace name] "http://xmled.info/ns/ASN.1" and [normalized value]
   "true" or "1" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the <value>
   element.  An attribute with the [local name] "ref" SHALL be added to
   the [attributes] of the <value> element.  The [normalized value] of
   this attribute is the qualified name referencing the value definition
   (see Section 5.1).  If the qualified name is shared by two or more
   value definitions in separate modules then an attribute with the
   [local name] "context" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the
   <value> element.  The [normalized value] of this attribute is the
   character string value of the AnyURIValue of the SCHEMA-IDENTITY
   encoding instruction for the module containing the value definition
   referenced by the DefinedValue.

      ASIDE: A SCHEMA-IDENTITY encoding instruction is obligatory in
      such cases (see Section 5.1).

   Usually the translator is free to choose either an attribute form or
   element form translation for a DefinedValue, however in some contexts
   attribute forms of Value are explicitly disallowed.  In particular,
   the attribute form translation SHALL NOT be used for a DefinedValue
   that is nested in a literal value.

   If a DefinedValue is a DummyReference then the translation of the
   DefinedValue is the translation of the Value in the ActualParameter
   corresponding to the DummyReference.

   If a DefinedValue is a ParameterizedValue then the translation of the
   Value is the translation of the Value on the right hand side of the
   referenced ParameterizedValueAssignment.

      ASIDE: Since this section is describing the translation of a
      DefinedValue for a meta-value, the Value that substitutes for a
      DummyReference or ParameterizedValue is necessarily also a
      meta-value.



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7.2.2.  BuiltinValue Translation

   The translation of a BuiltinValue is the translation of either a
   ChoiceValue, a SequenceValue, a SequenceOfValue, a SetValue or a
   TaggedValue.

   The translation of a TaggedValue is the translation of the contained
   Value (which is necessarily a meta-value).

   The translation of a ChoiceValue is an element with the [local name]
   "value".  An attribute with the [local name] "meta", [namespace name]
   "http://xmled.info/ns/ASN.1" and [normalized value] "true" or "1"
   SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the <value> element.  An
   element with the same [local name] (i.e., "attribute", "element",
   "content" or "member") as the translation of the NamedType
   corresponding to the identifier in the ChoiceValue SHALL be added to
   the [children] of the <value> element.  An attribute with the
   [local name] "name" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the
   <attribute>, <element>, <content> or <member> element.  The
   [normalized value] of this attribute is the RXER encoding of the
   effective name of the NamedType.  The translation of the Value in the
   ChoiceValue SHALL be added to the content of the <attribute>,
   <element>, <content> or <member> element.

   The translation of a SequenceValue or SetValue is an element with the
   [local name] "value".  An attribute with the [local name] "meta",
   [namespace name] "http://xmled.info/ns/ASN.1" and [normalized value]
   "true" or "1" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the <value>
   element.  The translation of each NamedValue in the
   ComponentValueList of the SequenceValue or SetValue SHALL be appended
   to the [children] of the <value> element, in the order in which their
   corresponding NamedType instances appear in the definition of the
   governing type.

   The translation of a SequenceOfValue is an element with the
   [local name] "value".  An attribute with the [local name] "meta",
   [namespace name] "http://xmled.info/ns/ASN.1" and [normalized value]
   "true" or "1" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the <value>
   element.

   If the SequenceOfValue has a NamedValueList then the translation of
   each NamedValue in the NamedValueList SHALL be appended to the
   [children] of the <value> element.

   If the SequenceOfValue has a ValueList then an element with the
   [local name] "element" SHALL be appended to the [children] of the
   <value> element for each Value in the ValueList.  An attribute with
   the [local name] "name" and [normalized value] "item" SHALL be added



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   to the [attributes] of the <element> element.  The translation of the
   Value (from the ValueList) SHALL be added to the content of the
   <element> element.

   The translation of a NamedValue is an element with the same
   [local name] as the translation of the corresponding NamedType, i.e.,
   "attribute", "element", "content" or "item".  An attribute with the
   [local name] "name" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the
   element.  The [normalized value] of this attribute is the RXER
   encoding of the effective name of the NamedType.  The translation of
   the Value SHALL be added to the content of the element.

   Examples

      -- This is the governing type.
      MyType ::= SEQUENCE {
           one    [ATTRIBUTE] INTEGER,
           two    INTEGER,
           three  [ATTRIBUTE][LIST] SEQUENCE OF number INTEGER
      }

      <namedType name="MyType">
       <type>
        <sequence>
         <attribute name="one" type="asn1:INTEGER"/>
         <element name="two" type="asn1:INTEGER"/>
         <attribute name="three">
          <type>
           <list>
            <item name="number" type="asn1:INTEGER"/>
           </list>
          </type>
         </attribute>
        </sequence>
       </type>
      </namedType>

      myValue1 MyType ::= {
          one     456,
          two     123,
          three   { number 123, number 456 }
      }
      -- No meta-values.

      <namedValue name="myValue1" type="tns:MyType">
       <value one="456" three="123 456">
        <two>123</two>
       </value>



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      </namedValue>

      myValue2 MyType ::= {
          one     456,
          two     myObject.&number,
              -- only the value for component "two" is a meta-value
          three   { number 123, number 456 }
      }

      <namedValue name="myValue2" type="tns:MyType">
       <value one="456" three="123 456">
        <two asn1:meta="true">
         <fromObjects object="tns:myObject" fieldName="number"/>
        </two>
       </value>
      </namedValue>

      myValue3 MyType ::= {
          one     myObject.&number,
          two     123,
          three   { number 123, number myObject.&number }
      }

      <namedValue name="myValue3" type="tns:MyType">
       <value asn1:meta="true">
        <attribute name="one">
         <value asn1:meta="true">
          <fromObjects object="tns:myObject" fieldName="number"/>
         </value>
        </attribute>
        <element name="two" literal="123"/>
        <attribute name="three">
         <value asn1:meta="true">
          <item name="number" literal="123"/>
          <item name="number">
           <value asn1:meta="true">
            <fromObjects object="tns:myObject" fieldName="number"/>
           </value>
          </item>
         </value>
        </attribute>
       </value>
      </namedValue>

7.2.3.  ValueFromObject Translation

   The translation of a ValueFromObject is an element with the
   [local name] "value".  An attribute with the [local name] "meta",



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   [namespace name] "http://xmled.info/ns/ASN.1" and [normalized value]
   "true" or "1" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the <value>
   element.  An element with the [local name] "fromObjects" SHALL be
   added to the [children] of the <value> element.

   The translation of the ReferencedObjects in the ValueFromObject SHALL
   be added to the content of the <fromObjects> element.

   The translation of the FieldName in the ValueFromObject SHALL be
   appended to the content of the <fromObjects> element.

7.2.4.  ObjectClassFieldValue Translation

   If an ObjectClassFieldValue is a BuiltinValue in a FixedTypeFieldVal
   then the translation of the ObjectClassFieldValue is the translation
   of the BuiltinValue.

   If an ObjectClassFieldValue is a ReferencedValue in a
   FixedTypeFieldVal then the translation of the ObjectClassFieldValue
   is the translation of the ReferencedValue.

   If an ObjectClassFieldValue is an OpenTypeFieldVal then the
   translation of the ObjectClassFieldValue is an element with the
   [local name] "value".  An attribute with the [local name] "meta",
   [namespace name] "http://xmled.info/ns/ASN.1" and [normalized value]
   "true" or "1" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the <value>
   element.  An element with the [local name] "openTypeValue" SHALL be
   added to the [children] of the <value> element.  The translation of
   the Type in the OpenTypeFieldVal SHALL be added to the content of the
   <openTypeValue> element.  The translation of the Value in the
   OpenTypeFieldVal SHALL be appended to the content of the
   <openTypeValue> element.

   Example

      myValue TYPE-IDENTIFIER.&Type ::= INTEGER:123

      <namedValue name="myValue">
       <type>
        <fromClass class="asn1:TYPE-IDENTIFIER" fieldName="Type"/>
       </type>
       <value asn1:meta="true">
        <openTypeValue type="asn1:INTEGER" literal="123"/>
       </value>
      </namedValue>

8.  Translation of Value Sets




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   The translation of a ValueSet is an element with the [local name]
   "valueSet".  The translation of the ElementSetSpecs in the ValueSet
   SHALL be added to the [children] of the <valueSet> element.

   Example

      { 1 | 3..7, ..., 9..19 EXCEPT ( 11 | 12 ) }

      <valueSet>
       <union>
        <value>1</value>
        <range>
         <minInclusive literal="3"/>
         <maxInclusive literal="7"/>
        </range>
       </union>
       <extension>
        <all>
         <range>
          <minInclusive literal="9"/>
          <maxInclusive literal="19"/>
         </range>
         <except>
          <union>
           <value>11</value>
           <value>12</value>
          </union>
         </except>
        </all>
       </extension>
      </valueSet>

8.1.  ElementSetSpecs Translation

   The translation of an ElementSetSpecs where the ellipsis ("...") is
   not present is the translation of the ElementSetSpec in the
   RootElementSetSpec.

   The translation of an ElementSetSpecs where the ellipsis ("...") is
   present is the translation of the ElementSetSpec in the
   RootElementSetSpec followed by an element with the [local name]
   "extension".  If an AdditionalElementSetSpec is present then the
   translation of the ElementSetSpec in the AdditionalElementSetSpec
   SHALL be added to the [children] of the <extension> element.

8.2.  ElementSetSpec Translation

   If the ElementSetSpec is of the "ALL Exclusions" form then the



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   translation of the ElementSetSpec is an element with the [local name]
   "all".  An element with the [local name] "except" SHALL be added to
   the [children] of the <all> element.  The translation of the Elements
   in the Exclusions SHALL be added to the [children] of the <except>
   element.

   If the ElementSetSpec is of the "Unions" form then the translation of
   the ElementSetSpec is the translation of the Unions.

   If the Unions has only one Intersections then the translation of the
   Unions is the translation of that Intersections, otherwise the
   translation of the Unions is an element with the [local name]
   "union".  The translation of each Intersections SHALL be appended to
   the [children] of the <union> element.

   If the Intersections has only one IntersectionElements then the
   translation of the Intersections is the translation of that
   IntersectionElements, otherwise the translation of the Intersections
   is an element with the [local name] "intersection".  The translation
   of each IntersectionElements SHALL be appended to the [children] of
   the <intersection> element.

   If the IntersectionElements is of the "Elems Exclusions" form then
   the translation of the IntersectionElements is an element with the
   [local name] "all".  The content of the <all> element is the
   translation of the Elements in the Elems followed by an element with
   the [local name] "except".  The translation of the Elements in the
   Exclusions SHALL be added to the [children] of the <except> element.

   If the IntersectionElements is of the "Elements" form then the
   translation of the IntersectionElements is the translation of the
   Elements.

   The translation of an Elements is the translation of the
   SubtypeElements, ObjectSetElements or ElementSetSpec, as appropriate.

8.3.  SubtypeElements Translation

   If a SubtypeElements is a SingleValue then the translation of the
   SubtypeElements is the translation of the Value, except that an
   attribute form of the Value translation SHALL NOT be used.

   If a SubtypeElements is a ContainedSubtype then the translation of
   the SubtypeElements is an element with the [local name] "includes".
   The translation of the Type in the ContainedSubtype SHALL be added to
   the content of the <includes> element.

   If a SubtypeElements is a ValueRange then the translation of the



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   SubtypeElements is the translation of the ValueRange.

   If a SubtypeElements is a SizeConstraint then the translation of the
   SubtypeElements is an element with the [local name] "size".  The
   content of the <size> element is the translation of the Constraint in
   the SizeConstraint.

   If a SubtypeElements is a TypeConstraint then the translation of the
   SubtypeElements is an element with the [local name] "typeConstraint".
   The content of the <typeConstraint> element is the translation of the
   Type in the TypeConstraint.

   If a SubtypeElements is a PermittedAlphabet then the translation of
   the SubtypeElements is an element with the [local name] "from".  The
   content of the <from> element is the translation of the Constraint in
   the PermittedAlphabet.

   If a SubtypeElements is an InnerTypeConstraints then the translation
   of the SubtypeElements is the translation of the
   InnerTypeConstraints.

   If a SubtypeElements is a PatternConstraint then the translation of
   the SubtypeElements is an element with the [local name] "pattern".
   The content of the <pattern> element is the translation of the Value
   in the PatternConstraint.

8.3.1.  ValueRange Translation

   The translation of a ValueRange is an element with the [local name]
   "range".

   If the LowerEndpoint in the ValueRange is of the "LowerEndValue <"
   form then an element with the [local name] "minExclusive" SHALL be
   added to the [children] of the <range> element.  If the LowerEndValue
   is not "MIN" then the content of the <minExclusive> element is the
   translation of the Value in the LowerEndValue.

   If the LowerEndpoint in the ValueRange is of the "LowerEndValue" form
   and the LowerEndValue is not "MIN" then an element with the
   [local name] "minInclusive" SHALL be added to the [children] of the
   <range> element.  The content of the <minInclusive> element is the
   translation of the Value in the LowerEndValue.

   If the LowerEndpoint in the ValueRange is of the "LowerEndValue" form
   and the LowerEndValue is "MIN" then an element with the [local name]
   "minInclusive" MAY be added to the [children] of the <range> element.

   If the UpperEndpoint in the ValueRange is of the "< UpperEndValue"



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   form then an element with the [local name] "maxExclusive" SHALL be
   added to the [children] of the <range> element.  If the UpperEndValue
   is not "MAX" then the content of the <maxExclusive> element is the
   translation of the Value in the UpperEndValue.

   If the UpperEndpoint in the ValueRange is of the "UpperEndValue" form
   and the UpperEndValue is not "MAX" then an element with the
   [local name] "maxInclusive" SHALL be added to the [children] of the
   <range> element.  The content of the <maxInclusive> element is the
   translation of the Value in the UpperEndValue.

   If the UpperEndpoint in the ValueRange is of the "UpperEndValue" form
   and the UpperEndValue is "MAX" then an element with the [local name]
   "maxInclusive" MAY be added to the [children] of the <range> element.

   Examples

      1..10

      <range>
       <minInclusive literal="1"/>
       <maxInclusive literal="10"/>
      </range>

      0..MAX

      <range>
       <minInclusive literal="0"/>
      </range>

      0<..<MAX

      <range>
       <minExclusive literal="0"/>
       <maxExclusive/>
      </range>

8.3.2.  InnerTypeConstraints Translation

   The translation of an InnerTypeConstraints of the
   "WITH COMPONENT SingleTypeConstraint" form is an element with the
   [local name] "withComponent".  The content of the <withComponent>
   element is the translation of the Constraint in the
   SingleTypeConstraint.

   The translation of an InnerTypeConstraints of the
   "WITH COMPONENTS MultipleTypeConstraints" form is an element with the
   [local name] "withComponents".



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   If the MultipleTypeConstraints is a PartialSpecification then an
   attribute with the [local name] "partial" and the [normalized value]
   "true" or "1" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the
   <withComponents> element.  If the MultipleTypeConstraints is a
   FullSpecification then an attribute with the [local name] "partial"
   and the [normalized value] "false" or "0" MAY be added to the
   [attributes] of the <withComponents> element.

   The translation of each NamedConstraint in the
   MultipleTypeConstraints SHALL be appended to the [children] of the
   <withComponents> element.

   The translation of a NamedConstraint is an element with the same
   [local name] (i.e., "attribute", "element", "content" or "member") as
   the translation of the NamedType corresponding to the identifier of
   the NamedConstraint.  An attribute with the [local name] "name" SHALL
   be added to the [attributes] of the <attribute>, <element>, <content>
   or <member> element, as appropriate.  The [normalized value] of this
   attribute is the RXER encoding of the effective name of the NamedType
   corresponding to the identifier of the NamedConstraint.

   If the PresenceConstraint of the ComponentConstraint of the
   NamedConstraint is not empty then an attribute with the [local name]
   "use" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the <component> element.
   The [normalized value] of this attribute is the text of the
   PresenceConstraint, either "PRESENT", "ABSENT" or "OPTIONAL".

   If the ValueConstraint in the ComponentConstraint of the
   NamedConstraint is not empty then the the translation of the
   Constraint in the ValueConstraint SHALL be added to the [children] of
   the <attribute>, <element>, <content> or <member> element, as
   appropriate.

9.  Translation of Object Classes

   The translation of an ObjectClass is the translation of either a
   DefinedObjectClass, an ObjectClassDefn or a ParameterizedObjectClass.

   If an ObjectClass is a ParameterizedObjectClass then the translation
   of the ObjectClass is the translation of the ObjectClass on the right
   hand side of the referenced ParameterizedObjectClassAssignment.

      ASIDE: The ObjectClass that substitutes for a
      ParameterizedObjectClass is potentially in a different module
      scope to the surrounding translation, therefore the translation of
      a nested Type may require a tagDefault or extensibilityImplied
      attribute, according to the provisions of Section 6.14.




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9.1.  DefinedObjectClass Translation

   If a DefinedObjectClass is an objectclassreference (not a
   DummyReference), an ExternalObjectClassReference or a
   UsefulObjectClassReference then the translation of the
   DefinedObjectClass is either the attribute form translation of an
   object class reference, or the element form translation of an object
   class reference.

   The attribute form translation of an object class reference is an
   attribute with the [local name] "class".  The [normalized value] of
   this attribute is the qualified name referencing the object class
   definition (see Section 5.1).  In the case of a
   UsefulObjectClassReference the namespace name is
   "http://xmled.info/ns/ASN.1" and the local part is either
   "TYPE-IDENTIFIER" or "ABSTRACT-SYNTAX", as appropriate.  The
   attribute form translation SHALL NOT be used if the qualified name is
   shared by two or more object class definitions in separate modules,
   i.e., is ambiguous.  Otherwise, the translator is free to choose
   either the attribute form or element form translation for an object
   class reference.

   The element form translation of an object class reference is an
   element with the [local name] "class".  An attribute with the
   [local name] "ref" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the <class>
   element.  The [normalized value] of this attribute is the qualified
   name referencing the object class definition.  In the case of a
   UsefulObjectClassReference the namespace name is
   "http://xmled.info/ns/ASN.1" and the local part is either
   "TYPE-IDENTIFIER" or "ABSTRACT-SYNTAX", as appropriate.  If the
   qualified name is shared by two or more object class definitions in
   separate modules then an attribute with the [local name] "context"
   SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the <class> element.  The
   [normalized value] of this attribute is the character string value of
   the AnyURIValue of the SCHEMA-IDENTITY encoding instruction for the
   module containing the object class definition referenced by the
   DefinedObjectClass.

      ASIDE: A SCHEMA-IDENTITY encoding instruction is obligatory in
      such cases (see Section 5.1).

   The translation of the DefinedObjectClass is the same whether the
   object class definition is referenced by an objectclassreference or
   an ExternalObjectClassReference.

   If a DefinedObjectClass is a DummyReference then the translation of
   the DefinedObjectClass is the translation of the DefinedObjectClass
   in the ActualParameter corresponding to the DummyReference.



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9.2.  ObjectClassDefn Translation

   The translation of an ObjectClassDefn is an element with the
   [local name] "class".  The translation of each FieldSpec in the
   ObjectClassDefn SHALL be appended to the [children] of the <class>
   element.

   The translation of a FieldSpec is the translation of either a
   TypeFieldSpec, a FixedTypeValueFieldSpec, a
   VariableTypeValueFieldSpec, a FixedTypeValueSetFieldSpec, a
   VariableTypeValueSetFieldSpec, an ObjectFieldSpec or an
   ObjectSetFieldSpec.

9.2.1.  TypeFieldSpec Translation

   The translation of a TypeFieldSpec where the TypeOptionalitySpec is
   absent is an element with the [local name] "typeField".

   The translation of a TypeFieldSpec with a TypeOptionalitySpec of
   "OPTIONAL" is an element with the [local name] "optional".  An
   element with the [local name] "typeField" SHALL be added to the
   [children] of the <optional> element.

   The translation of a TypeFieldSpec with a TypeOptionalitySpec of
   "DEFAULT" is an element with the [local name] "optional".  An element
   with the [local name] "typeField" SHALL be added to the [children] of
   the <optional> element.  An element with the [local name] "default"
   SHALL be appended to the [children] of the <optional> element.  The
   content of the <default> element is the translation of the Type in
   the TypeOptionalitySpec.

   An attribute with the [local name] "name" SHALL be added to the
   [attributes] of the <typeField> element.  The [normalized value] of
   this attribute is the typefieldreference of the TypeFieldSpec,
   without the ampersand ("&", U+0026).

   Example

      CLASS {
          &One,
          &Two    OPTIONAL,
          &Three  DEFAULT OBJECT IDENTIFIER
      }

      <class>
       <typeField name="One"/>
       <optional>
        <typeField name="Two"/>



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       </optional>
       <optional>
        <typeField name="Three"/>
        <default type="asn1:OBJECT-IDENTIFIER"/>
       </optional>
      </class>

9.2.2.  FixedTypeValueFieldSpec Translation

   The translation of a FixedTypeValueFieldSpec where the
   ValueOptionalitySpec is absent is an element with the [local name]
   "valueField".

   The translation of a FixedTypeValueFieldSpec with a
   ValueOptionalitySpec of "OPTIONAL" is an element with the
   [local name] "optional".  An element with the [local name]
   "valueField" SHALL be added to the [children] of the <optional>
   element.

   The translation of a FixedTypeValueFieldSpec with a
   ValueOptionalitySpec of "DEFAULT" is an element with the [local name]
   "optional".  An element with the [local name] "valueField" SHALL be
   added to the [children] of the <optional> element.  An element with
   the [local name] "default" SHALL be appended to the [children] of the
   <optional> element.  The content of the <default> element is the
   translation of the Value in the ValueOptionalitySpec.

   An attribute with the [local name] "name" SHALL be added to the
   [attributes] of the <valueField> element.  The [normalized value] of
   this attribute is the valuefieldreference of the
   FixedTypeValueFieldSpec, without the ampersand.  If the "UNIQUE"
   keyword is present then an attribute with the [local name] "unique"
   and [normalized value] "true" or "1" SHALL be added to the
   [attributes] of the <valueField> element, otherwise an attribute with
   the [local name] "unique" and [normalized value] "false" or "0" MAY
   be added to the [attributes] of the <valueField> element.  The
   translation of the Type in the FixedTypeValueFieldSpec SHALL be added
   to the content of the <valueField> element.

   Example

      CLASS {
          &one    OBJECT IDENTIFIER UNIQUE,
          &two    BOOLEAN OPTIONAL,
          &three  INTEGER DEFAULT 0
      }

      <class>



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       <valueField name="one" unique="true"
                   type="asn1:OBJECT-IDENTIFIER"/>
       <optional>
        <valueField name="two" type="asn1:BOOLEAN"/>
       </optional>
       <optional>
        <valueField name="three" type="asn1:INTEGER"/>
        <default literal="0"/>
       </optional>
      </class>

9.2.3.  FixedTypeValueSetFieldSpec Translation

   The translation of a FixedTypeValueSetFieldSpec where the
   ValueSetOptionalitySpec is absent is an element with the [local name]
   "valueSetField".

   The translation of a FixedTypeValueSetFieldSpec with a
   ValueSetOptionalitySpec of "OPTIONAL" is an element with the
   [local name] "optional".  An element with the [local name]
   "valueSetField" SHALL be added to the [children] of the <optional>
   element.

   The translation of a FixedTypeValueSetFieldSpec with a
   ValueSetOptionalitySpec of "DEFAULT" is an element with the
   [local name] "optional".  An element with the [local name]
   "valueSetField" SHALL be added to the [children] of the <optional>
   element.  An element with the [local name] "default" SHALL be
   appended to the [children] of the <optional> element.  The content of
   the <default> element is the translation of the ValueSet in the
   ValueSetOptionalitySpec.

   An attribute with the [local name] "name" SHALL be added to the
   [attributes] of the <valueSetField> element.  The [normalized value]
   of this attribute is the valuesetfieldreference of the
   FixedTypeValueSetFieldSpec, without the ampersand.  The translation
   of the Type in the FixedTypeValueSetFieldSpec SHALL be added to the
   content of the <valueSetField> element.

   Example

      CLASS {
          &One    UTF8String,
          &Two    BOOLEAN OPTIONAL,
          &Three  INTEGER DEFAULT { 1 | 2 }
      }

      <class>



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       <valueSetField name="One" type="asn1:UTF8String"/>
       <optional>
        <valueSetField name="Two" type="asn1:BOOLEAN"/>
       </optional>
       <optional>
        <valueSetField name="Three" type="asn1:INTEGER"/>
        <default>
         <valueSet>
          <union>
           <value>1</value>
           <value>2</value>
          </union>
         </valueSet>
        </default>
       </optional>
      </class>

9.2.4.  VariableTypeValueFieldSpec Translation

   The translation of a VariableTypeValueFieldSpec where the
   ValueOptionalitySpec is absent is an element with the [local name]
   "valueField".

   The translation of a VariableTypeValueFieldSpec with a
   ValueOptionalitySpec of "OPTIONAL" is an element with the
   [local name] "optional".  An element with the [local name]
   "valueField" SHALL be added to the [children] of the <optional>
   element.

   The translation of a VariableTypeValueFieldSpec with a
   ValueOptionalitySpec of "DEFAULT" is an element with the [local name]
   "optional".  An element with the [local name] "valueField" SHALL be
   added to the [children] of the <optional> element.  An element with
   the [local name] "default" SHALL be appended to the [children] of the
   <optional> element.  The translation of the Value in the
   ValueOptionalitySpec SHALL be added to the content of the <default>
   element.

   An attribute with the [local name] "name" SHALL be added to the
   [attributes] of the <valueField> element.  The [normalized value] of
   this attribute is the valuefieldreference of the
   VariableTypeValueFieldSpec, without the ampersand.  An element with
   the [local name] "typeFromField" SHALL be added to the [children] of
   the <valueField> element.  The translation of the FieldName in the
   VariableTypeValueFieldSpec SHALL be added to the content of the
   <typeFromField> element.

   Example



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      CLASS {
          &Syntax DEFAULT INTEGER,
          &one    &Syntax,
          &two    &Syntax OPTIONAL,
          &three  &Syntax DEFAULT 0
      }

      <class>
       <optional>
        <typeField name="Syntax"/>
        <default type="asn1:INTEGER/>
       </optional>
       <valueField name="one">
        <typeFromField fieldName="Syntax"/>
       </valueField>
       <optional>
        <valueField name="two">
         <typeFromField fieldName="Syntax"/>
        </valueField>
       </optional>
       <optional>
        <valueField name="three">
         <typeFromField fieldName="Syntax"/>
        </valueField>
        <default literal="0"/>
       </optional>
      </class>

9.2.5.  VariableTypeValueSetFieldSpec Translation

   The translation of a VariableTypeValueSetFieldSpec where the
   ValueSetOptionalitySpec is absent is an element with the [local name]
   "valueSetField".

   The translation of a VariableTypeValueSetFieldSpec with a
   ValueSetOptionalitySpec of "OPTIONAL" is an element with the
   [local name] "optional".  An element with the [local name]
   "valueSetField" SHALL be added to the [children] of the <optional>
   element.

   The translation of a VariableTypeValueSetFieldSpec with a
   ValueSetOptionalitySpec of "DEFAULT" is an element with the
   [local name] "optional".  An element with the [local name]
   "valueSetField" SHALL be added to the [children] of the <optional>
   element.  An element with the [local name] "default" SHALL be
   appended to the [children] of the <optional> element.  The content of
   the <default> element is the translation of the ValueSet in the
   ValueSetOptionalitySpec.



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   An attribute with the [local name] "name" SHALL be added to the
   [attributes] of the <valueSetField> element.  The [normalized value]
   of this attribute is the valuesetfieldreference of the
   VariableTypeValueSetFieldSpec, without the ampersand.  An element
   with the [local name] "typeFromField" SHALL be added to the
   [children] of the <valueSetField> element.  The translation of the
   FieldName in the VariableTypeValueSetFieldSpec SHALL be added to the
   content of the <typeFromField> element.

   Example

      CLASS {
          &Syntax DEFAULT INTEGER,
          &One    &Syntax,
          &Two    &Syntax OPTIONAL,
          &Three  &Syntax DEFAULT { 1 | 2 }
      }

      <class>
       <optional>
        <typeField name="Syntax"/>
        <default type="asn1:INTEGER/>
       </optional>
       <valueSetField name="One">
        <typeFromField fieldName="Syntax"/>
       </valueSetField>
       <optional>
        <valueSetField name="Two">
         <typeFromField fieldName="Syntax"/>
        </valueSetField>
       </optional>
       <optional>
        <valueSetField name="Three">
         <typeFromField fieldName="Syntax"/>
        </valueSetField>
        <default>
         <valueSet>
          <union>
           <value>1</value>
           <value>2</value>
          </union>
         </valueSet>
        </default>
       </optional>
      </class>

9.2.6.  FieldName Translation




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   The translation of a FieldName is either, at the translator's option,
   an attribute with the [local name] "fieldName" added to the
   [attributes] of the enclosing element, or an element with the
   [local name] "fieldName" appended to the [children] of the enclosing
   element.

   The [normalized value] of the attribute is a "/" (U+002F) separated
   list of the primitive field names without the ampersand characters
   ("&", U+0026).

   The content of the <fieldName> element is (ignoring comment and
   processing instruction items) a "/" (U+002F) separated list of the
   primitive field names without the ampersand characters ("&", U+0026).

   Example

      &Linked.&ArgumentType

      <fieldName>Linked/ArgumentType</fieldName>

9.2.7.  ObjectFieldSpec Translation

   The translation of an ObjectFieldSpec where the ObjectOptionalitySpec
   is absent is an element with the [local name] "objectField".

   The translation of a ObjectFieldSpec with a ObjectOptionalitySpec of
   "OPTIONAL" is an element with the [local name] "optional".  An
   element with the [local name] "objectField" SHALL be added to the
   [children] of the <optional> element.

   The translation of a ObjectFieldSpec with a ObjectOptionalitySpec of
   "DEFAULT" is an element with the [local name] "optional".  An element
   with the [local name] "objectField" SHALL be added to the [children]
   of the <optional> element.  An element with the [local name]
   "default" SHALL be appended to the [children] of the <optional>
   element.  The content of the <default> element is the translation of
   the Object in the ObjectOptionalitySpec.

   An attribute with the [local name] "name" SHALL be added to the
   [attributes] of the <objectField> element.  The [normalized value] of
   this attribute is the objectfieldreference of the ObjectFieldSpec,
   without the ampersand.  The translation of the DefinedObjectClass in
   the ObjectFieldSpec SHALL be added to the content of the
   <objectField> element.

   Example

      CLASS {



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          &one    TYPE-IDENTIFIER,
          &two    ABSTRACT-SYNTAX OPTIONAL,
          &three  TYPE-IDENTIFIER DEFAULT myObject
      }

      <class>
       <objectField name="one" class="asn1:TYPE-IDENTIFIER"/>
       <optional>
        <objectField name="two" class="asn1:ABSTRACT-SYNTAX"/>
       </optional>
       <optional>
        <objectField name="three" class="asn1:TYPE-IDENTIFIER"/>
        <default object="tns:myObject"/>
       </optional>
      </class>

9.2.8.  ObjectSetFieldSpec Translation

   The translation of an ObjectSetFieldSpec where the
   ObjectSetOptionalitySpec is absent is an element with the
   [local name] "objectSetField".

   The translation of a ObjectSetFieldSpec with a
   ObjectSetOptionalitySpec of "OPTIONAL" is an element with the
   [local name] "optional".  An element with the [local name]
   "objectSetField" SHALL be added to the [children] of the <optional>
   element.

   The translation of a ObjectSetFieldSpec with a
   ObjectSetOptionalitySpec of "DEFAULT" is an element with the
   [local name] "optional".  An element with the [local name]
   "objectSetField" SHALL be added to the [children] of the <optional>
   element.  An element with the [local name] "default" SHALL be
   appended to the [children] of the <optional> element.  The content of
   the <default> element is the translation of the ObjectSet in the
   ObjectSetOptionalitySpec.

   An attribute with the [local name] "name" SHALL be added to the
   [attributes] of the <objectSetField> element.  The [normalized value]
   of this attribute is the objectsetfieldreference of the
   ObjectSetFieldSpec, without the ampersand.  The translation of the
   DefinedObjectClass in the ObjectSetFieldSpec SHALL be added to the
   content of the <objectSetField> element.

   Example

      CLASS {
          &One    TYPE-IDENTIFIER,



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          &Two    ABSTRACT-SYNTAX OPTIONAL,
          &Three  TYPE-IDENTIFIER DEFAULT { myObject }
      }

      <class>
       <objectSetField name="One" class="asn1:TYPE-IDENTIFIER"/>
       <optional>
        <objectSetField name="Two" class="asn1:ABSTRACT-SYNTAX"/>
       </optional>
       <optional>
        <objectSetField name="Three" class="asn1:TYPE-IDENTIFIER"/>
        <default>
         <objectSet>
          <object ref="tns:myObject"/>
         </objectSet>
        </default>
       </optional>
      </class>

10.  Translation of Objects

   The translation of an Object is the translation of either a
   DefinedObject, an ObjectDefn, an ObjectFromObject or a
   ParameterizedObject.

   If an Object is a ParameterizedObject then the translation of the
   Object is the translation of the Object on the right hand side of the
   referenced ParameterizedObjectAssignment.

      ASIDE: The Object that substitutes for a ParameterizedObject is
      potentially in a different module scope to the surrounding
      translation, therefore the translation of a nested Type may
      require a tagDefault or extensibilityImplied attribute, according
      to the provisions of Section 6.14.

10.1.  DefinedObject Translation

   If a DefinedObject is an objectreference (not a DummyReference) or an
   ExternalObjectReference then the translation of the DefinedObject is
   either the attribute form translation of an object reference, or the
   element form translation of an object reference.

   The attribute form translation of an object reference is an attribute
   with the [local name] "object".  The [normalized value] of this
   attribute is the qualified name referencing the object definition
   (see Section 5.1).  The attribute form translation SHALL NOT be used
   if the qualified name is shared by two or more object definitions in
   separate modules, i.e., is ambiguous.



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   The element form translation of an object reference is an element
   with the [local name] "object".  An attribute with the [local name]
   "ref" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the <object> element.
   The [normalized value] of this attribute is the qualified name
   referencing the object definition.  If the qualified name is shared
   by two or more object definitions in separate modules then an
   attribute with the [local name] "context" SHALL be added to the
   [attributes] of the <object> element.  The [normalized value] of this
   attribute is the character string value of the AnyURIValue of the
   SCHEMA-IDENTITY encoding instruction for the module containing the
   object definition referenced by the DefinedObject.

      ASIDE: A SCHEMA-IDENTITY encoding instruction is obligatory in
      such cases (see Section 5.1).

   The translation of the DefinedObject is the same whether the object
   definition is referenced by an objectreference or an
   ExternalObjectReference.

   Usually the translator is free to choose either the attribute form or
   element form translation for an object reference, however in some
   contexts the attribute form is explicitly disallowed.

   If a DefinedObject is a DummyReference then the translation of the
   DefinedObject is the translation of the Object in the ActualParameter
   corresponding to the DummyReference.

      ASIDE: The Object that substitutes for a DummyReference is
      potentially in a different module scope to the surrounding
      translation, therefore the translation of a nested Type may
      require a tagDefault or extensibilityImplied attribute, according
      to the provisions of Section 6.14.

10.2.  ObjectDefn Translation

   An ObjectDefn in the DefinedSyntax form is first converted to the
   equivalent DefaultSyntax and then translated.

   The translation of an ObjectDefn is an element with the [local name]
   "object".  The translation of each FieldSetting in the DefaultSyntax
   of the ObjectClassDefn SHALL be appended to the [children] of the
   <object> element.

   The translation of a FieldSetting is an element with the [local name]
   "field".  An attribute with the [local name] "name" SHALL be added to
   the [attributes] of the <field> element.  The [normalized value] of
   this attribute is the PrimitiveFieldName without the ampersand.  The
   translation of the Type, Value, ValueSet, Object or ObjectSet in the



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   Setting of the FieldSetting SHALL be added to the [children] of the
   <field> element.

   Example

      ONE-OF-EVERYTHING ::= CLASS {
          &One,
          &two    INTEGER,
          &Three  INTEGER,
          &four   TYPE-IDENTIFIER,
          &Five   TYPE-IDENTIFIER
      }

      <namedClass name="ONE-OF-EVERYTHING">
       <class>
        <typeField name="One"/>
        <valueField name="two" type="asn1:INTEGER"/>
        <valueSetField name="Three" type="asn1:INTEGER"/>
        <objectField name="four" class="asn1:TYPE-IDENTIFIER"/>
        <objectSetField name="Five" class="asn1:TYPE-IDENTIFIER"/>
       </class>
      </namedClass>

      mixedBag ONE-OF-EVERYTHING ::= {
          &One    BOOLEAN,
          &two    99,
          &Three  { 1 | 2 },
          &four   myObject,
          &Five   { myObject }
      }

      <namedObject name="mixedBag" class="tns:ONE-OF-EVERYTHING">
       <object>
        <field name="One" type="asn1:BOOLEAN"/>
        <field name="two" literal="99"/>
        <field name="Three">
         <valueSet>
          <union>
           <value>1</value>
           <value>2</value>
          </union>
         </valueSet>
        </field>
        <field name="four" object="tns:myObject"/>
        <field name="Five">
         <objectSet>
          <object ref="tns:myObject"/>
         </objectSet>



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        </field>
       </object>
      </namedObject>

10.3.  ObjectFromObject Translation

   The translation of an ObjectFromObject is an element with the
   [local name] "object".  An element with the [local name]
   "fromObjects" SHALL be added to the [children] of the <object>
   element.

   The translation of the ReferencedObjects in the ObjectFromObject
   SHALL be added to the content of the <fromObjects> element.

   The translation of the FieldName in the ObjectFromObject SHALL be
   appended to the content of the <fromObjects> element.

11.  Translation of Object Sets

   If an ObjectSet matches the form "{ DefinedObjectSet }" (i.e., a
   DefinedObjectSet in an ObjectSetElements in an Elements in a single
   IntersectionElements in a single Intersections in a Unions in an
   ElementSetSpec in a lone RootElementSetSpec in the ObjectSetSpec)
   then the translator MAY use the translation of the DefinedObjectSet
   as the translation of the ObjectSet, otherwise the translation of an
   ObjectSet is an element with the [local name] "objectSet".  The
   translation of the ObjectSetSpec in the ObjectSet SHALL be added to
   the [children] of the <objectSet> element.

      ASIDE: An ObjectSet that is directly a DefinedObjectSet is a
      notational capability that does not exist in ASN.1 specifications
      but is allowed in ASN.1 Schema to avoid excessive nesting of
      <objectSet> elements in the expansion of parameterized
      definitions.

   If an ObjectSetSpec contains only a RootElementSetSpec then the
   translation of the ObjectSetSpec is the translation of the
   ElementSetSpec in the RootElementSetSpec.

   If an ObjectSetSpec contains a RootElementSetSpec and the ellipsis
   ("...") then the translation of the ObjectSetSpec is the translation
   of the ElementSetSpec in the RootElementSetSpec followed by an
   element with the [local name] "extension".  If an
   AdditionalElementSetSpec is present then the translation of the
   ElementSetSpec in the AdditionalElementSetSpec SHALL be added to the
   [children] of the <extension> element.

   If an ObjectSetSpec does not contain a RootElementSetSpec then the



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   translation of the ObjectSetSpec is an element with the [local name]
   "extension".  If an AdditionalElementSetSpec is present then the
   translation of the ElementSetSpec in the AdditionalElementSetSpec
   SHALL be added to the [children] of the <extension> element.

   Contained within the ElementSetSpec will be one or more
   ObjectSetElements.

11.1.  DefinedObjectSet Translation

   If a DefinedObjectSet is an objectsetreference (not a DummyReference)
   or an ExternalObjectSetReference then the translation of the
   DefinedObjectSet is either the attribute form translation of an
   object set reference, or the element form translation of an object
   set reference.

   The attribute form translation of an object set reference is an
   attribute with the [local name] "objectSet".  The [normalized value]
   of this attribute is the qualified name referencing the object set
   definition (see Section 5.1).  The attribute form translation SHALL
   NOT be used if the qualified name is shared by two or more object set
   definitions in separate modules, i.e., is ambiguous.

   The element form translation of an object set reference is an element
   with the [local name] "objectSet".  An attribute with the
   [local name] "ref" SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the
   <objectSet> element.  The [normalized value] of this attribute is the
   qualified name referencing the object set definition.  If the
   qualified name is shared by two or more object set definitions in
   separate modules then an attribute with the [local name] "context"
   SHALL be added to the [attributes] of the <objectSet> element.  The
   [normalized value] of this attribute is the character string value of
   the AnyURIValue of the SCHEMA-IDENTITY encoding instruction for the
   module containing the object set definition referenced by the
   DefinedObjectSet.

      ASIDE: A SCHEMA-IDENTITY encoding instruction is obligatory in
      such cases (see Section 5.1).

   The translation of the DefinedObjectSet is the same whether the
   object definition is referenced by an objectsetreference or an
   ExternalObjectSetReference.

   Usually the translator is free to choose either the attribute form or
   element form translation for an object set reference, however in some
   contexts the attribute form is explicitly disallowed.

   If a DefinedObjectSet is a DummyReference then the translation of the



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   DefinedObjectSet is the translation of the ObjectSet in the
   ActualParameter corresponding to the DummyReference.

      ASIDE: The ObjectSet that substitutes for a DummyReference is
      potentially in a different module scope to the surrounding
      translation, therefore the translation of a nested Type may
      require a tagDefault or extensibilityImplied attribute, according
      to the provisions of Section 6.14.

11.2.  ObjectSetElements Translation

   If an ObjectSetElements is an Object then the translation of the
   ObjectSetElements is the translation of the Object, except that the
   attribute form of the DefinedObject translation SHALL NOT be used.

   If an ObjectSetElements is a DefinedObjectSet then the translation of
   the ObjectSetElements is the translation of the DefinedObjectSet,
   except that the attribute form of the DefinedObjectSet translation
   SHALL NOT be used.

   If an ObjectSetElements is an ObjectSetFromObjects then the
   translation of the ObjectSetElements is the translation of the
   ObjectSetFromObjects.

   If an ObjectSetElements is an ParameterizedObjectSet then the
   translation of the ObjectSetElements is the translation of the
   ObjectSet on the right hand side of the referenced
   ParameterizedObjectSetAssignment.

      ASIDE: An ObjectSetElements that is an ObjectSet is a notational
      capability that does not exist in ASN.1 specifications but is
      allowed in ASN.1 Schema to avoid the need to manufacture a
      reference name for the expanded parameterized definition.

      ASIDE: The ObjectSet that substitutes for a ParameterizedObjectSet
      is potentially in a different module scope to the surrounding
      translation, therefore the translation of a nested Type may
      require a tagDefault or extensibilityImplied attribute, according
      to the provisions of Section 6.14.

11.2.1.  ObjectSetFromObjects Translation

   The translation of an ObjectSetFromObjects is an element with the
   [local name] "objectSet".  An element with the [local name]
   "fromObjects" SHALL be added to the [children] of the <objectSet>
   element.

   The translation of the ReferencedObjects in the ObjectSetFromObjects



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   SHALL be added to the content of the <fromObjects> element.

   The translation of the FieldName in the ObjectSetFromObjects SHALL be
   appended to the content of the <fromObjects> element.

12.  Translation of Information From Objects

   If a ReferencedObjects is a DefinedObject (not a DummyReference) then
   the translation of the ReferencedObjects is the translation of the
   DefinedObject.

   If a ReferencedObjects is a DefinedObjectSet (not a DummyReference)
   then the translation of the ReferencedObjects is the translation of
   the DefinedObjectSet.

   If a ReferencedObjects is a DummyReference then the translation of
   the ReferencedObjects is the translation of the Object or ObjectSet
   in the ActualParameter corresponding to the DummyReference.

   If a ReferencedObjects is a ParameterizedObject then the translation
   of the ReferencedObjects is the translation of the Object on the
   right hand side of the referenced ParameterizedObjectAssignment.

   If a ReferencedObjects is a ParameterizedObjectSet then the
   translation of the ReferencedObjects is the translation of the
   ObjectSet on the right hand side of the referenced
   ParameterizedObjectSetAssignment.

      ASIDE: A ReferencedObjects that is an Object or ObjectSet is a
      notational capability that does not exist in ASN.1 specifications
      but is allowed in ASN.1 Schema to avoid the need to manufacture a
      reference name for an expanded parameterized definition.

      ASIDE: The Object or ObjectSet that substitutes for a
      ParameterizedObject, ParameterizedObjectSet or DummyReference is
      potentially in a different module scope to the surrounding
      translation, therefore the translation of a nested Type may
      require a tagDefault or extensibilityImplied attribute, according
      to the provisions of Section 6.14.

13.  EncodingControlSection Translation

   If the encodingreference in an EncodingControlSection is RXER then
   the translation of the EncodingControlSection is empty.

      ASIDE: This is not suggesting that RXER encoding control sections
      are ignored.  Encoding control sections for RXER are not
      explicitly represented in ASN.1 Schema, but rather affect how an



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      ASN.1 specification is translated into an ASN.1 Schema document.
      The effect of an RXER encoding control section on the translation
      is addressed in other parts of this specification.

      Encoding control sections for other encoding rules will have
      explicit representations in ASN.1 Schema.

   If the encodingreference in an EncodingControlSection is GSER then
   the translation of the EncodingControlSection is an element with the
   [local name] "encodingControl-GSER".  The translation of the
   EncodingInstructionAssignmentList SHALL be added to the content of
   the <encodingControl-GSER> element.

   The EncodingInstructionAssignmentList notation is different for each
   set of encoding instructions.  The translation into ASN.1 Schema of
   an EncodingInstructionAssignmentList for GSER is specified in a
   separate document [GSEREIT].

      ASIDE: The translation of an EncodingInstructionAssignmentList for
      GSER, as it is currently defined, is always empty.

   If the encodingreference in an EncodingControlSection is XER then the
   translation of the EncodingControlSection is an element with the
   [local name] "encodingControl-XER".  The translation of the
   EncodingInstructionAssignmentList SHALL be added to the content of
   the <encodingControl-XER> element.  The translation into ASN.1 Schema
   of an EncodingInstructionAssignmentList for XER is specified in a
   separate document [XEREIT].

14.  Security Considerations

   The ASN.1 Schema translation of an ASN.1 specification is
   semantically equivalent to the original ASN.1 specification.  The
   security considerations that apply to an application built from the
   original ASN.1 specification apply equally to an application built
   from the ASN.1 Schema translation.

15.  Acknowledgements

   This document and the technology it describes are a product of a
   joint research project between Adacel Technologies Limited and Deakin
   University on leveraging existing directory technology to produce an
   XML-based directory service.

16.  IANA Considerations

   This document has no actions for IANA.




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Appendix A. ASN.1 for ASN.1 Schema

   This appendix is normative.

   ASN1-Schema
       { iso(1) identified-organization(3) dod(6)
         internet(1) private(4) enterprise(1)
         xmled(21472) asn1(1) module(0) schema(1) }

   -- Copyright (C) The Internet Society 2005. This version of
   --  this ASN.1 module is part of RFC XXXX; see the RFC itself
   --  for full legal notices.

   DEFINITIONS
   RXER INSTRUCTIONS
   AUTOMATIC TAGS
   EXTENSIBILITY IMPLIED ::= BEGIN

   IMPORTS
       AnyType,
       AnySimpleType,
       AnyURI,
       NCName,
       Name,
       QName
           FROM AdditionalBasicDefinitions
               { iso(1) identified-organization(3) dod(6)
                 internet(1) private(4) enterprise(1)
                 xmled(21472) asn1(1) module(0) basic(0) }
       GSER-EncodingInstruction,
       GSER-EncodingInstructionAssignmentList
           FROM GSER-EncodingInstructionSchema
               { iso(1) identified-organization(3) dod(6)
                 internet(1) private(4) enterprise(1)
                 xmled(21472) asn1(1) module(0) gser-ei-schema(2) }
       XER-EncodingInstruction,
       XER-EncodingInstructionAssignmentList
           FROM XER-EncodingInstructionSchema
               { iso(1) identified-organization(3) dod(6)
                 internet(1) private(4) enterprise(1)
                 xmled(21472) asn1(1) module(0) xer-ei-schema(3) }
       ;

   ModuleDefinition ::= SEQUENCE {
       name                  [ATTRIBUTE] ModuleReference,
       identifier            [ATTRIBUTE] DefinitiveIdentifier OPTIONAL,
       schemaIdentity        [ATTRIBUTE] AnyURI OPTIONAL,
       targetNamespace       [ATTRIBUTE] AnyURI OPTIONAL,



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       tagDefault            [ATTRIBUTE] TagDefault DEFAULT automatic,
       extensibilityImplied  [ATTRIBUTE] BOOLEAN DEFAULT FALSE,
       imports               [CONTENT] ImportList OPTIONAL,
       assignments           [CONTENT] AssignmentList OPTIONAL,
       encodingControls      [CONTENT] EncodingControlSections OPTIONAL
   }

   ModuleReference ::= TypeReference

   DefinitiveIdentifier ::= OBJECT IDENTIFIER

   TagDefault ::= [VALUES ALL UPPERCASED]
       ENUMERATED { explicit, implicit, automatic }

   ImportList ::= SEQUENCE SIZE (1..MAX) OF import Import

   Import ::= SEQUENCE {
       name            [ATTRIBUTE] ModuleReference OPTIONAL,
       identifier      [ATTRIBUTE] DefinitiveIdentifier OPTIONAL,
       schemaIdentity  [ATTRIBUTE] AnyURI OPTIONAL,
       namespace       [ATTRIBUTE] AnyURI OPTIONAL,
       schemaLocation  [ATTRIBUTE] AnyURI OPTIONAL
   }

   AssignmentList ::= SEQUENCE SIZE (1..MAX) OF
       assignment [CONTENT] Assignment

   Assignment ::= CHOICE {
       namedType       TypeAssignment,
       namedValue      ValueAssignment,
       namedValueSet   ValueSetTypeAssignment,
       namedClass      ObjectClassAssignment,
       namedObject     ObjectAssignment,
       namedObjectSet  ObjectSetAssignment,
       component       [CONTENT] TopLevelNamedType
   }

   TypeAssignment ::= SEQUENCE {
       name  [ATTRIBUTE] TypeReference,
       type  [CONTENT] Type
   }

   TypeReference ::= UTF8String (PATTERN "[A-Z]\w*(-\w+)*")
                                 -- \w is equivalent to [a-zA-Z0-9]

   ValueAssignment ::= SEQUENCE {
       name   [ATTRIBUTE] ValueReference,
       type   [CONTENT] Type,



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       value  [CONTENT] Value
   }

   ValueReference ::= Identifier

   Identifier ::= UTF8String (PATTERN "[a-z]\w(-\w+)*")

   ValueSetTypeAssignment ::= SEQUENCE {
       name      [ATTRIBUTE] TypeReference,
       type      [CONTENT] Type,
       valueSet  [CONTENT] ValueSet
   }

   ObjectClassAssignment ::= SEQUENCE {
       name         [ATTRIBUTE] ObjectClassReference,
       objectClass  [CONTENT] ObjectClass
   }

   ObjectClassReference ::= UTF8String
                                (PATTERN "[A-Z][A-Z0-9]*(-[A-Z0-9]+)*")

   ObjectAssignment ::= SEQUENCE {
       name         [ATTRIBUTE] ObjectReference,
       objectClass  [CONTENT] DefinedObjectClass,
       object       [CONTENT] Object
   }

   ObjectReference ::= ValueReference

   ObjectSetAssignment ::= SEQUENCE {
       name         [ATTRIBUTE] ObjectSetReference,
       objectClass  [CONTENT] DefinedObjectClass,
       objectSet    [CONTENT] ObjectSet
   }

   ObjectSetReference ::= TypeReference

   TopLevelNamedType ::= NamedType
       (WITH COMPONENTS { ...,
           attribute (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., reference ABSENT }),
           element   (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., reference ABSENT }),
           content   ABSENT,
           member    ABSENT,
           item      ABSENT })

   NamedType ::= CHOICE {
       attribute  Attribute,
       element    Element,



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       content    InvisibleNamedType,
       member     InvisibleNamedType,
       item       InvisibleNamedType
   }

   Attribute ::= GenericNamedType
       (WITH COMPONENTS { ...,
           definition (WITH COMPONENTS { ...,
               typeAsVersion ABSENT }) })

   Element ::= GenericNamedType

   InvisibleNamedType ::= GenericNamedType
       (WITH COMPONENTS { ...,
           reference  ABSENT,
           definition (WITH COMPONENTS { ...,
               typeAsVersion ABSENT }) })

   GenericNamedType ::= CHOICE {
       reference   [CONTENT] GeneralReference,
       definition  [CONTENT] SEQUENCE {
           name           [ATTRIBUTE] NCName,
           identifier     [ATTRIBUTE] IdentifierOrEmpty OPTIONAL,
           typeAsVersion  [ATTRIBUTE] BOOLEAN DEFAULT FALSE,
           type           [CONTENT] Type
       }
   }

   IdentifierOrEmpty ::= UTF8String (INCLUDES Identifier | "")

   Type ::= CHOICE {
       typeRef  [NAME AS "type"] [ATTRIBUTE] QName,
       type     ElementFormType
   }

   ElementFormType ::= SEQUENCE {
       tagDefault            [ATTRIBUTE] TagDefault OPTIONAL,
       extensibilityImplied  [ATTRIBUTE] BOOLEAN OPTIONAL,
       explicit              [ATTRIBUTE] BOOLEAN DEFAULT FALSE,
       definition            [CONTENT] CHOICE {
           reference             [CONTENT] GeneralReference,
           ancestor              [ATTRIBUTE] INTEGER (1..MAX),
           namedBitList          NamedBitList,
           namedNumberList       NamedNumberList,
           enumerated            EnumeratedType,
           tagged                TaggedType,
           prefixed              EncodingPrefixedType,
           selection             SelectionType,



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           instanceOf            InstanceOfType,
           fromClass             ObjectClassFieldType,
           fromObjects           InformationFromObjects,
           sequence              SequenceType,
           set                   SetType,
           choice                ChoiceType,
           union                 UnionType,
           sequenceOf            SequenceOfType,
           setOf                 SetOfType,
           list                  ListType,
           constrained           ConstrainedType
       }
   }

   GeneralReference ::= SEQUENCE {
       reference         [CONTENT] CHOICE {
           ref               [ATTRIBUTE] QName,
           elementType       [ATTRIBUTE] Name
       },
       context           [ATTRIBUTE] AnyURI OPTIONAL,
       canonicalization  [ATTRIBUTE] AnyURI OPTIONAL
   }

   Reference ::= GeneralReference
       (WITH COMPONENTS { ...,
           reference (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., elementType ABSENT }),
           canonicalization ABSENT })

   NamedBitList ::= SEQUENCE {
       namedBits  [CONTENT] SEQUENCE SIZE (1..MAX) OF
                      namedBit NamedBit
   }

   NamedBit ::= SEQUENCE {
       name        [ATTRIBUTE] NCName,
       identifier  [ATTRIBUTE] Identifier OPTIONAL,
       bit         [ATTRIBUTE] INTEGER (0..MAX)
   }

   NamedNumberList ::= SEQUENCE {
       namedNumbers  [CONTENT] SEQUENCE SIZE (1..MAX) OF
                         namedNumber NamedNumber
   }

   NamedNumber ::= SEQUENCE {
       name        [ATTRIBUTE] NCName,
       identifier  [ATTRIBUTE] Identifier OPTIONAL,
       number      [ATTRIBUTE] INTEGER



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   }

   EnumeratedType ::= SEQUENCE {
       root       [CONTENT] Enumeration,
       extension  SEQUENCE {
           exception  ExceptionSpec OPTIONAL,
           additions  [CONTENT] Enumeration OPTIONAL
       } OPTIONAL
   }

   Enumeration ::= SEQUENCE SIZE (1..MAX) OF
       enumeration EnumerationItem

   EnumerationItem ::= SEQUENCE {
       name        [ATTRIBUTE] NCName,
       identifier  [ATTRIBUTE] Identifier OPTIONAL,
       number      [ATTRIBUTE] INTEGER OPTIONAL
   }

   TaggedType ::= SEQUENCE {
       tagClass  [ATTRIBUTE] TagClass OPTIONAL,
       tagging   [ATTRIBUTE] Tagging OPTIONAL,
       type      [CONTENT] Type
   }

   TagClass ::= [VALUES ALL UPPERCASED]
       ENUMERATED { universal, application, private }

   Tagging ::= [VALUES ALL UPPERCASED]
       ENUMERATED { explicit, implicit }

   EncodingPrefixedType ::= SEQUENCE {
       prefixes  [CONTENT] EncodingPrefixes,
       type      [CONTENT] Type
   }

   EncodingPrefixes ::= SEQUENCE SIZE (1..MAX) OF
       prefix [CONTENT] EncodingPrefix

   EncodingPrefix ::= CHOICE {
       gser  [NAME AS "GSER"] GSER-EncodingInstructions,
       xer   [NAME AS "XER"] XER-EncodingInstructions
       -- plus encoding instructions
       -- for other encoding rules in the future
   }

   GSER-EncodingInstructions ::= SEQUENCE SIZE (1..MAX) OF
       instruction [CONTENT] GSER-EncodingInstruction



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   XER-EncodingInstructions ::= SEQUENCE SIZE (1..MAX) OF
       instruction [CONTENT] XER-EncodingInstruction

   SelectionType ::= SEQUENCE {
       alternative  [CONTENT] CHOICE {
           attribute    [ATTRIBUTE] QName,
           element      [ATTRIBUTE] QName,
           content      [ATTRIBUTE] QName,
           member       [ATTRIBUTE] QName
       },
       type         [CONTENT] Type
   }

   InstanceOfType ::= SEQUENCE {
       objectClass  [CONTENT] DefinedObjectClass
   }

   ObjectClassFieldType ::= SEQUENCE {
       objectClass  [CONTENT] DefinedObjectClass,
       fieldName    [CONTENT] FieldName
   }

   FieldName ::= CHOICE {
       fieldNameAtt  [NAME AS "fieldName"]
                         [ATTRIBUTE] PrimitiveFieldNames,
       fieldName     PrimitiveFieldNames
   }

   PrimitiveFieldNames ::= UTF8String

   InformationFromObjects ::= SEQUENCE {
       referencedObjects  [CONTENT] ReferencedObjects,
       fieldName          [CONTENT] FieldName
   }

   ReferencedObjects ::= CHOICE {
       object     [CONTENT] Object,
       objectSet  [CONTENT] ObjectSet
   }

   SequenceType ::= SEQUENCE {
       root               [CONTENT] ComponentTypeList OPTIONAL,
       extensionAndFinal  [CONTENT] SEQUENCE {
           extension          SEQUENCE {
               exception          ExceptionSpec OPTIONAL,
               additions          [CONTENT] ExtensionAdditions OPTIONAL
           },
           root               [CONTENT] ComponentTypeList OPTIONAL



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       } OPTIONAL
   }

   ComponentTypeList ::= SEQUENCE SIZE (1..MAX) OF
       componentType [CONTENT] ComponentType

   ComponentType ::= CHOICE {
       component     [CONTENT] SequenceNamedType,
       optional      SEQUENCE {
           component     [CONTENT] SequenceNamedType,
           default       SEQUENCE {
               value         [CONTENT] Value
           } OPTIONAL
       },
       componentsOf  SEQUENCE {
           type          [CONTENT] Type
       }
   }

   SequenceNamedType ::= NamedType
       (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., member ABSENT, item ABSENT })

   ExtensionAdditions ::= SEQUENCE SIZE (1..MAX) OF
       addition [CONTENT] ExtensionAddition

   ExtensionAddition ::= CHOICE {
       extensionGroup  ExtensionAdditionGroup,
       componentType   [CONTENT] ComponentType
   }

   ExtensionAdditionGroup ::= SEQUENCE {
       version         [ATTRIBUTE] VersionNumber OPTIONAL,
       componentTypes  [CONTENT] ComponentTypeList
   }

   VersionNumber ::= INTEGER (2..MAX)

   SetType ::= SequenceType

   ChoiceOrUnionType ::= SEQUENCE {
       precedence  [ATTRIBUTE] PrecedenceList OPTIONAL,
       root        [CONTENT] AlternativeTypeList,
       extension   SEQUENCE {
           exception   ExceptionSpec OPTIONAL,
           additions   [CONTENT] ExtensionAdditionAlternatives OPTIONAL
       } OPTIONAL
   }




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   PrecedenceList ::= [LIST] SEQUENCE SIZE (1..MAX) OF member QName

   AlternativeTypeList ::= SEQUENCE SIZE (1..MAX) OF
       component [CONTENT] ChoiceOrUnionNamedType

   ChoiceOrUnionNamedType ::= NamedType
       (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., item ABSENT })

   ExtensionAdditionAlternatives ::= SEQUENCE SIZE (1..MAX) OF
       addition [CONTENT] ExtensionAdditionAlternative

   ExtensionAdditionAlternative ::= CHOICE {
       extensionGroup  ExtensionAdditionAlternativesGroup,
       component       [CONTENT] ChoiceOrUnionNamedType
   }

   ExtensionAdditionAlternativesGroup ::= SEQUENCE {
       version       [ATTRIBUTE] VersionNumber OPTIONAL,
       alternatives  [CONTENT] AlternativeTypeList
   }

   ChoiceType ::= ChoiceOrUnionType
       (WITH COMPONENTS { ...,
           precedence ABSENT,
           root (WITH COMPONENT (INCLUDES ChoiceNamedType)),
           extension (WITH COMPONENTS { ...,
               additions (WITH COMPONENT (WITH COMPONENTS { ...,
                   extensionGroup (WITH COMPONENTS { ...,
                       alternatives (WITH COMPONENT
                           (INCLUDES ChoiceNamedType)) }),
                   component (INCLUDES ChoiceNamedType) })) }) })

   ChoiceNamedType ::= ChoiceOrUnionNamedType
       (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., member ABSENT })

   UnionType ::= ChoiceOrUnionType
       (WITH COMPONENTS { ...,
           root (WITH COMPONENT (INCLUDES UnionNamedType)),
           extension (WITH COMPONENTS { ...,
               additions (WITH COMPONENT (WITH COMPONENTS { ...,
                   extensionGroup (WITH COMPONENTS { ...,
                       alternatives (WITH COMPONENT
                           (INCLUDES UnionNamedType)) }),
                   component (INCLUDES UnionNamedType) })) }) })

   UnionNamedType ::= ChoiceOrUnionNamedType
       (WITH COMPONENTS { ...,
           attribute ABSENT, element ABSENT, content ABSENT })



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   SequenceOfOrListType ::= SEQUENCE {
       minSize    [ATTRIBUTE] INTEGER (0..MAX) OPTIONAL,
       maxSize    [ATTRIBUTE] INTEGER (0..MAX) OPTIONAL,
       component  [CONTENT] NamedType
                      (WITH COMPONENTS { ...,
                          attribute ABSENT, member ABSENT })
   }

   SequenceOfType ::= SequenceOfOrListType
       (WITH COMPONENTS { ...,
           component (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., item ABSENT }) })

   SetOfType ::= SequenceOfType

   ListType ::= SequenceOfOrListType
       (WITH COMPONENTS { ...,
           component (WITH COMPONENTS { ...,
                         element ABSENT, content ABSENT }) })

   ConstrainedType ::= SEQUENCE {
       type        [CONTENT] Type,
       constraint  [CONTENT] Constraint
   }

   Constraint ::= SEQUENCE {
       constraintSpec  [CONTENT] CHOICE {
           subtype         [CONTENT] ElementSetSpecs,
           constrainedBy   UserDefinedConstraint,
           table           TableConstraint,
           contents        ContentsConstraint
       },
       exception       ExceptionSpec OPTIONAL
   }

   UserDefinedConstraint ::= SEQUENCE {
       parameters  [CONTENT] ConstraintParameters OPTIONAL
   }

   ConstraintParameters ::= SEQUENCE SIZE (1..MAX) OF
       parameter [CONTENT] UserDefinedConstraintParameter

   UserDefinedConstraintParameter ::= CHOICE {
       valueParameter      SEQUENCE {
           type                [CONTENT] Type,
           value               [CONTENT] Value
       },
       valueSetParameter   SEQUENCE {
           type                [CONTENT] Type,



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           valueSet            [CONTENT] ValueSet
       },
       objectParameter     SEQUENCE {
           objectClass         [CONTENT] DefinedObjectClass,
           object              [CONTENT] Object
       },
       objectSetParameter  SEQUENCE {
           objectClass         [CONTENT] DefinedObjectClass,
           objectSet           [CONTENT] ObjectSet
       },
       typeParameter       SEQUENCE {
           type                [CONTENT] Type
       },
       classParameter      SEQUENCE {
           objectClass         [CONTENT] DefinedObjectClass
       }
   }

   TableConstraint ::= SEQUENCE {
       objectSet          [CONTENT] ObjectSet,
       componentRelation  [CONTENT] AtNotations OPTIONAL
   }

   AtNotations ::= SEQUENCE SIZE (1..MAX) OF
       restrictBy AtNotation

   AtNotation ::= AnySimpleType

   ContentsConstraint ::= SEQUENCE {
       containing  SEQUENCE {
           type        [CONTENT] Type
       } OPTIONAL,
       encodedBy   SEQUENCE {
           value       [CONTENT] Value
       } OPTIONAL
   } ((WITH COMPONENTS { ..., containing PRESENT }) |
      (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., encodedBy PRESENT }))

   ExceptionSpec ::= SEQUENCE {
       type   [CONTENT] Type,
       value  [CONTENT] Value
   }

   Value ::= CHOICE {
       literal   [ATTRIBUTE] AnySimpleType,
       valueRef  [NAME AS "value"] [ATTRIBUTE] QName,
       value     ElementFormValue
   }



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   ElementFormValue ::= AnyType

   -- If asn1:meta="true" then the governing type of Value.value
   -- is ElementFormMetaValue.
   ElementFormMetaValue ::= SEQUENCE {
       definition  [CONTENT] CHOICE {
           reference      [CONTENT] GeneralReference,
           fromObjects    InformationFromObjects,
           openTypeValue  SEQUENCE {
               type           [CONTENT] Type,
               value          [CONTENT] Value
           },
           components     [CONTENT] ComponentValueList
       }
   }

   ComponentValueList ::= SEQUENCE SIZE (1..MAX) OF
       component [CONTENT] NamedValue

   NamedValue ::= CHOICE {
       attribute  GenericNamedValue,
       element    GenericNamedValue,
       content    GenericNamedValue,
       member     GenericNamedValue,
       item       GenericNamedValue
   }

   GenericNamedValue ::= SEQUENCE {
       name   [ATTRIBUTE] QName,
       value  [CONTENT] Value
   }

   ValueSet ::= CHOICE {
       valueSet  ElementFormValueSet
   }

   ElementFormValueSet ::= SEQUENCE {
       definition  [CONTENT] CHOICE {
           elementSetSpecs  [CONTENT] ElementSetSpecs
       }
   }

   ElementSetSpecs ::= SEQUENCE {
       root       [CONTENT] ElementSetSpec,
       extension  SEQUENCE {
           additions  [CONTENT] ElementSetSpec
       } OPTIONAL
   }



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   ElementSetSpec ::= CHOICE {
       single  [CONTENT] Intersections,
       union   SEQUENCE {
           list    [CONTENT] IntersectionsList
       }
   }

   IntersectionsList ::= SEQUENCE SIZE (2..MAX) OF
       intersections [CONTENT] Intersections

   Intersections ::= CHOICE {
       single        [CONTENT] IntersectionElements,
       intersection  SEQUENCE {
           list          [CONTENT] IntersectionElementsList
       }
   }

   IntersectionElementsList ::= SEQUENCE SIZE (2..MAX) OF
       intersectionElements [CONTENT] IntersectionElements

   IntersectionElements ::= CHOICE {
       all       SEQUENCE {
           elements  [CONTENT] Elements OPTIONAL,
           except    SEQUENCE {
               exclusions  [CONTENT] Elements
           }
       },
       elements  [CONTENT] Elements
   }

   Elements ::= CHOICE {
       value           ElementFormValue,
       includes        SEQUENCE {
           containedSubtype  [CONTENT] Type
       },
       range           ValueRange,
       size            SEQUENCE {
           constraint      [CONTENT] Constraint
       },
       typeConstraint  SEQUENCE {
           type            [CONTENT] Type
       },
       from            SEQUENCE {
           permittedAlphabet  [CONTENT] Constraint
       },
       withComponent   SEQUENCE {
           singleTypeConstraint  [CONTENT] Constraint
       },



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       withComponents  MultipleTypeConstraints,
       pattern         SEQUENCE {
           patternConstraint  [CONTENT] Value
       },
       object          ElementFormObject,
       objectSet       ElementFormObjectSet
   }

   ValueRange ::= SEQUENCE {
       minimum      [CONTENT] CHOICE {
           minInclusive  SEQUENCE {
               lowerEndValue  [CONTENT] Value OPTIONAL
           },
           minExclusive  SEQUENCE {
               lowerEndValue  [CONTENT] Value OPTIONAL
           }
       } DEFAULT minInclusive:{},
       maximum      [CONTENT] CHOICE {
           maxInclusive  SEQUENCE {
               upperEndValue  [CONTENT] Value OPTIONAL
           },
           maxExclusive  SEQUENCE {
               upperEndValue  [CONTENT] Value OPTIONAL
           }
       } DEFAULT maxInclusive:{}
   }

   MultipleTypeConstraints ::= SEQUENCE {
       partial          [ATTRIBUTE] BOOLEAN DEFAULT FALSE,
       typeConstraints  [CONTENT] TypeConstraints
   }

   TypeConstraints ::= SEQUENCE SIZE (1..MAX) OF
       namedConstraint [CONTENT] NamedConstraint

   NamedConstraint ::= CHOICE {
       attribute  GenericNamedConstraint,
       element    GenericNamedConstraint,
       content    GenericNamedConstraint,
       member     GenericNamedConstraint,
       item       GenericNamedConstraint
   }

   GenericNamedConstraint ::= SEQUENCE {
       name        [ATTRIBUTE] QName,
       use         [ATTRIBUTE] PresenceConstraint OPTIONAL,
       constraint  [CONTENT] Constraint OPTIONAL
   }



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   PresenceConstraint ::= [VALUES ALL UPPERCASED]
       ENUMERATED { present, absent, optional }

   ObjectClass ::= CHOICE {
       classRef  [NAME AS "class"] [ATTRIBUTE] QName,
       class     ElementFormObjectClass
   }

   DefinedObjectClass ::= ObjectClass
       (WITH COMPONENTS { ...,
           class (WITH COMPONENTS { ...,
               definition (WITH COMPONENTS { ...,
                   objectClassDefn ABSENT }) }) })

   ElementFormObjectClass ::= SEQUENCE {
       definition  [CONTENT] CHOICE {
           reference        [CONTENT] Reference,
           objectClassDefn  [CONTENT] ObjectClassDefn
       }
   }

   ObjectClassDefn ::= SEQUENCE SIZE (1..MAX) OF
       fieldSpec [CONTENT] FieldSpec

   FieldSpec ::= CHOICE {
       typeField       TypeField,
       valueField      ValueField,
       valueSetField   ValueSetField,
       objectField     ObjectField,
       objectSetField  ObjectSetField,
       optional        OptionalField
   }

   OptionalField ::= SEQUENCE {
       field    [CONTENT] CHOICE {
           typeField       TypeField,
           valueField      ValueField,
           valueSetField   ValueSetField,
           objectField     ObjectField,
           objectSetField  ObjectSetField
       },
       default  SEQUENCE {
           setting  [CONTENT] Setting
       } OPTIONAL
   } (WITH COMPONENTS { ...,
         field (WITH COMPONENTS { typeField PRESENT }),
         default (WITH COMPONENTS {
             setting (WITH COMPONENTS { type PRESENT }) }) } |



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      WITH COMPONENTS { ...,
         field (WITH COMPONENTS { valueField PRESENT }),
         default (WITH COMPONENTS {
             setting (WITH COMPONENTS { value PRESENT }) }) } |
      WITH COMPONENTS { ...,
         field (WITH COMPONENTS { valueSetField PRESENT }),
         default (WITH COMPONENTS {
             setting (WITH COMPONENTS { valueSet PRESENT }) }) } |
      WITH COMPONENTS { ...,
         field (WITH COMPONENTS { objectField PRESENT }),
         default (WITH COMPONENTS {
             setting (WITH COMPONENTS { object PRESENT }) }) } |
      WITH COMPONENTS { ...,
         field (WITH COMPONENTS { objectSetField PRESENT }),
         default (WITH COMPONENTS {
             setting (WITH COMPONENTS { objectSet PRESENT }) }) })

   TypeField ::= SEQUENCE {
       name  [ATTRIBUTE] TypeFieldReference
   }

   TypeFieldReference ::= TypeReference

   ValueField ::= SEQUENCE {
       name      [ATTRIBUTE] ValueFieldReference,
       unique    [ATTRIBUTE] BOOLEAN DEFAULT FALSE,
       governor  [CONTENT] CHOICE {
           type           [CONTENT] Type,
           typeFromField  SEQUENCE {
               fieldName      [CONTENT] FieldName
           }
       }
   } ((WITH COMPONENTS { ..., unique ABSENT }) |
      (WITH COMPONENTS { ...,
          governor (WITH COMPONENTS { ..., typeFromField ABSENT }) }))

   ValueFieldReference ::= ValueReference

   ValueSetField ::= SEQUENCE {
       name      [ATTRIBUTE] ValueSetFieldReference,
       governor  [CONTENT] CHOICE {
           type           [CONTENT] Type,
           typeFromField  SEQUENCE {
               fieldName      [CONTENT] FieldName
           }
       }
   }




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   ValueSetFieldReference ::= TypeReference

   ObjectField ::= SEQUENCE {
       name         [ATTRIBUTE] ObjectFieldReference,
       objectClass  [CONTENT] DefinedObjectClass
   }

   ObjectFieldReference ::= ObjectReference

   ObjectSetField ::= SEQUENCE {
       name         [ATTRIBUTE] ObjectSetFieldReference,
       objectClass  [CONTENT] DefinedObjectClass
   }

   ObjectSetFieldReference ::= ObjectSetReference

   Object ::= CHOICE {
       objectRef  [NAME AS "object"] [ATTRIBUTE] QName,
       object     ElementFormObject
   }

   ElementFormObject ::= SEQUENCE {
       definition  [CONTENT] CHOICE {
           reference    [CONTENT] Reference,
           fromObjects  InformationFromObjects,
           fields       [CONTENT] ObjectDefn
       }
   }

   ObjectDefn ::= SEQUENCE OF field FieldSetting

   FieldSetting ::= SEQUENCE {
       name     [ATTRIBUTE] NCName,
       setting  [CONTENT] Setting
   }

   Setting ::= CHOICE {
       type       [CONTENT] Type,
       value      [CONTENT] Value,
       valueSet   [CONTENT] ValueSet,
       object     [CONTENT] Object,
       objectSet  [CONTENT] ObjectSet
   }

   ObjectSet ::= CHOICE {
       objectSetRef  [NAME AS "objectSet"] [ATTRIBUTE] QName,
       objectSet     ElementFormObjectSet
   }



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   ElementFormObjectSet ::= SEQUENCE {
       definition  [CONTENT] CHOICE {
           reference      [CONTENT] Reference,
           objectSetSpec  [CONTENT] ObjectSetSpec,
           fromObjects    InformationFromObjects
       }
   }

   ObjectSetSpec ::= SEQUENCE {
       root       [CONTENT] ElementSetSpec OPTIONAL,
       extension  SEQUENCE {
           additions  [CONTENT] ElementSetSpec
       } OPTIONAL
   }

   EncodingControlSections ::= SEQUENCE SIZE (1..MAX) OF
       section [CONTENT] EncodingControlSection

   EncodingControlSection ::= CHOICE {
       encodingControl-GSER  GSER-EncodingInstructionAssignmentList,
       encodingControl-XER   XER-EncodingInstructionAssignmentList
       -- plus encoding control sections
       -- for other encoding rules in the future
   }

   ENCODING-CONTROL RXER

       SCHEMA-IDENTITY "http://xmled.info/id/ASN.1/Schema"
       TARGET-NAMESPACE "http://xmled.info/ns/ASN.1"

       COMPONENT schema ModuleDefinition

       COMPONENT meta [ATTRIBUTE] BOOLEAN

   END

Appendix B. ASN.1 Schema for ASN.1 Schema

   This appendix is non-normative.

   <?xml version="1.0"?>
   <asn1:schema xmlns:asn1="http://xmled.info/ns/ASN.1"
                xmlns:gser="http://xmled.info/ns/ASN.1"
                xmlns:xer="http://xmled.info/ns/ASN.1"
                name="ASN1-Schema"
                identifier="1.3.6.1.4.1.21472.1.0.1"
                schemaIdentity="http://xmled.info/id/ASN.1/Schema"
                xmlns:asd="http://xmled.info/ns/ASN.1"



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                targetNamespace="http://xmled.info/ns/ASN.1"
                extensibilityImplied="true">

    <!-- Copyright (C) The Internet Society 2005. This version of
          this ASN.1 Schema is part of RFC XXXX; see the RFC itself
          for full legal notices. -->

    <import name="GSER-EncodingInstructionSchema"
            identifier="1.3.6.1.4.1.21472.1.0.2"
            schemaIdentity=
             "http://xmled.info/id/ASN.1/GSER-EncodingInstructionSchema"
            namespace="http://xmled.info/ns/ASN.1"
            schemaLocation="GSER-EncodingInstructionSchema.asd"/>

    <import name="XER-EncodingInstructionSchema"
            identifier="1.3.6.1.4.1.21472.1.0.3"
            schemaIdentity=
             "http://xmled.info/id/ASN.1/XER-EncodingInstructionSchema"
            namespace="http://xmled.info/ns/ASN.1"
            schemaLocation="XER-EncodingInstructionSchema.asd"/>

    <namedType name="ModuleDefinition">
     <type>
      <sequence>
       <attribute name="name" type="asd:ModuleReference"/>
       <optional>
        <attribute name="identifier" type="asd:DefinitiveIdentifier"/>
       </optional>
       <optional>
        <attribute name="schemaIdentity" type="asn1:AnyURI"/>
       </optional>
       <optional>
        <attribute name="targetNamespace" type="asn1:AnyURI"/>
       </optional>
       <optional>
        <attribute name="tagDefault" type="asd:TagDefault"/>
        <default literal="AUTOMATIC"/>
       </optional>
       <optional>
        <attribute name="extensibilityImplied" type="asn1:BOOLEAN"/>
        <default literal="false"/>
       </optional>
       <optional>
        <content name="imports" type="asd:ImportList"/>
       </optional>
       <optional>
        <content name="assignments" type="asd:AssignmentList"/>
       </optional>



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       <optional>
        <content name="encodingControls"
                 type="asd:EncodingControlSections"/>
       </optional>
      </sequence>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="ModuleReference" type="asd:TypeReference"/>

    <namedType name="DefinitiveIdentifier"
               type="asn1:OBJECT-IDENTIFIER"/>

    <namedType name="TagDefault">
     <type>
      <enumerated>
       <enumeration name="EXPLICIT" identifier="explicit"/>
       <enumeration name="IMPLICIT" identifier="implicit"/>
       <enumeration name="AUTOMATIC" identifier="automatic"/>
      </enumerated>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="ImportList">
     <type>
      <sequenceOf minSize="1">
       <element name="import" type="asd:Import"/>
      </sequenceOf>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="Import">
     <type>
      <sequence>
       <optional>
        <attribute name="name" type="asd:ModuleReference"/>
       </optional>
       <optional>
        <attribute name="identifier" type="asd:DefinitiveIdentifier"/>
       </optional>
       <optional>
        <attribute name="schemaIdentity" type="asn1:AnyURI"/>
       </optional>
       <optional>
        <attribute name="namespace" type="asn1:AnyURI"/>
       </optional>
       <optional>
        <attribute name="schemaLocation" type="asn1:AnyURI"/>



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       </optional>
      </sequence>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="AssignmentList">
     <type>
      <sequenceOf minSize="1">
       <content name="assignment" type="asd:Assignment"/>
      </sequenceOf>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="Assignment">
     <type>
      <choice>
       <element name="namedType" type="asd:TypeAssignment"/>
       <element name="namedValue" type="asd:ValueAssignment"/>
       <element name="namedValueSet" type="asd:ValueSetTypeAssignment"/>
       <element name="namedClass" type="asd:ObjectClassAssignment"/>
       <element name="namedObject" type="asd:ObjectAssignment"/>
       <element name="namedObjectSet" type="asd:ObjectSetAssignment"/>
       <content name="component" type="asd:TopLevelNamedType"/>
      </choice>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="TypeAssignment">
     <type>
      <sequence>
       <attribute name="name" type="asd:TypeReference"/>
       <content name="type" type="asd:Type"/>
      </sequence>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="TypeReference">
     <type>
      <constrained type="asn1:UTF8String">
       <pattern literal="[A-Z]\w*(-\w+)*"/>
      </constrained>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="ValueAssignment">
     <type>
      <sequence>
       <attribute name="name" type="asd:ValueReference"/>



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       <content name="type" type="asd:Type"/>
       <content name="value" type="asd:Value"/>
      </sequence>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="ValueReference" type="asd:Identifier"/>

    <namedType name="Identifier">
     <type>
      <constrained type="asn1:UTF8String">
       <pattern literal="[a-z]\w(-\w+)*"/>
      </constrained>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="ValueSetTypeAssignment">
     <type>
      <sequence>
       <attribute name="name" type="asd:TypeReference"/>
       <content name="type" type="asd:Type"/>
       <content name="valueSet" type="asd:ValueSet"/>
      </sequence>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="ObjectClassAssignment">
     <type>
      <sequence>
       <attribute name="name" type="asd:ObjectClassReference"/>
       <content name="objectClass" type="asd:ObjectClass"/>
      </sequence>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="ObjectClassReference">
     <type>
      <constrained type="asn1:UTF8String">
       <pattern literal="[A-Z][A-Z0-9]*(-[A-Z0-9]+)*"/>
      </constrained>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="ObjectAssignment">
     <type>
      <sequence>
       <attribute name="name" type="asd:ObjectReference"/>
       <content name="objectClass" type="asd:DefinedObjectClass"/>



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       <content name="object" type="asd:Object"/>
      </sequence>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="ObjectReference" type="asd:ValueReference"/>

    <namedType name="ObjectSetAssignment">
     <type>
      <sequence>
       <attribute name="name" type="asd:ObjectSetReference"/>
       <content name="objectClass" type="asd:DefinedObjectClass"/>
       <content name="objectSet" type="asd:ObjectSet"/>
      </sequence>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="ObjectSetReference" type="asd:TypeReference"/>

    <namedType name="TopLevelNamedType">
     <type>
      <constrained type="asd:NamedType">
       <withComponents partial="true">
        <element name="attribute">
         <withComponents partial="true">
          <content name="reference" use="ABSENT"/>
         </withComponents>
        </element>
        <element name="element">
         <withComponents partial="true">
          <content name="reference" use="ABSENT"/>
         </withComponents>
        </element>
        <element name="content" use="ABSENT"/>
        <element name="member" use="ABSENT"/>
        <element name="item" use="ABSENT"/>
       </withComponents>
      </constrained>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="NamedType">
     <type>
      <choice>
       <element name="attribute" type="asd:Attribute"/>
       <element name="element" type="asd:Element"/>
       <element name="content" type="asd:InvisibleNamedType"/>
       <element name="member" type="asd:InvisibleNamedType"/>



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       <element name="item" type="asd:InvisibleNamedType"/>
      </choice>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="Attribute">
     <type>
      <constrained type="asd:GenericNamedType">
       <withComponents partial="true">
        <content name="definition">
         <withComponents partial="true">
          <attribute name="typeAsVersion" use="ABSENT"/>
         </withComponents>
        </content>
       </withComponents>
      </constrained>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="Element" type="asd:GenericNamedType"/>

    <namedType name="InvisibleNamedType">
     <type>
      <constrained type="asd:GenericNamedType">
       <withComponents partial="true">
        <content name="reference" use="ABSENT"/>
        <content name="definition">
         <withComponents partial="true">
          <attribute name="typeAsVersion" use="ABSENT"/>
         </withComponents>
        </content>
       </withComponents>
      </constrained>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="GenericNamedType">
     <type>
      <choice>
       <content name="reference" type="asd:GeneralReference"/>
       <content name="definition">
        <type>
         <sequence>
          <attribute name="name" type="asn1:NCName"/>
          <optional>
           <attribute name="identifier" type="asd:IdentifierOrEmpty"/>
          </optional>
          <optional>



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           <attribute name="typeAsVersion" type="asn1:BOOLEAN"/>
           <default literal="false"/>
          </optional>
          <content name="type" type="asd:Type"/>
         </sequence>
        </type>
       </content>
      </choice>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="IdentifierOrEmpty">
     <type>
      <constrained type="asn1:UTF8String">
       <union>
        <includes type="asd:Identifier"/>
        <value></value>
       </union>
      </constrained>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="Type">
     <type>
      <choice>
       <attribute name="type" identifier="typeRef" type="asn1:QName"/>
       <element name="type" type="asd:ElementFormType"/>
      </choice>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="ElementFormType">
     <type>
      <sequence>
       <optional>
        <attribute name="tagDefault" type="asd:TagDefault"/>
       </optional>
       <optional>
        <attribute name="extensibilityImplied" type="asn1:BOOLEAN"/>
       </optional>
       <optional>
        <attribute name="explicit" type="asn1:BOOLEAN"/>
        <default literal="false"/>
       </optional>
       <content name="definition">
        <type>
         <choice>
          <content name="reference" type="asd:GeneralReference"/>



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          <attribute name="ancestor">
           <type>
            <constrained type="asn1:INTEGER">
             <range>
              <minInclusive literal="1"/>
             </range>
            </constrained>
           </type>
          </attribute>
          <element name="namedBitList" type="asd:NamedBitList"/>
          <element name="namedNumberList" type="asd:NamedNumberList"/>
          <element name="enumerated" type="asd:EnumeratedType"/>
          <element name="tagged" type="asd:TaggedType"/>
          <element name="prefixed" type="asd:EncodingPrefixedType"/>
          <element name="selection" type="asd:SelectionType"/>
          <element name="instanceOf" type="asd:InstanceOfType"/>
          <element name="fromClass" type="asd:ObjectClassFieldType"/>
          <element name="fromObjects"
                   type="asd:InformationFromObjects"/>
          <element name="sequence" type="asd:SequenceType"/>
          <element name="set" type="asd:SetType"/>
          <element name="choice" type="asd:ChoiceType"/>
          <element name="union" type="asd:UnionType"/>
          <element name="sequenceOf" type="asd:SequenceOfType"/>
          <element name="setOf" type="asd:SetOfType"/>
          <element name="list" type="asd:ListType"/>
          <element name="constrained" type="asd:ConstrainedType"/>
         </choice>
        </type>
       </content>
      </sequence>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="GeneralReference">
     <type>
      <sequence>
       <content name="reference">
        <type>
         <choice>
          <attribute name="ref" type="asn1:QName"/>
          <attribute name="elementType" type="asn1:Name"/>
         </choice>
        </type>
       </content>
       <optional>
        <attribute name="context" type="asn1:AnyURI"/>
       </optional>



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       <optional>
        <attribute name="canonicalization" type="asn1:AnyURI"/>
       </optional>
      </sequence>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="Reference">
     <type>
      <constrained type="asd:GeneralReference">
       <withComponents partial="true">
        <content name="reference">
         <withComponents partial="true">
          <attribute name="elementType" use="ABSENT"/>
         </withComponents>
        </content>
        <attribute name="canonicalization" use="ABSENT"/>
       </withComponents>
      </constrained>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="NamedBitList">
     <type>
      <sequence>
       <content name="namedBits">
        <type>
         <sequenceOf minSize="1">
          <element name="namedBit" type="asd:NamedBit"/>
         </sequenceOf>
        </type>
       </content>
      </sequence>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="NamedBit">
     <type>
      <sequence>
       <attribute name="name" type="asn1:NCName"/>
       <optional>
        <attribute name="identifier" type="asd:Identifier"/>
       </optional>
       <attribute name="bit">
        <type>
         <constrained type="asn1:INTEGER">
          <range>
           <minInclusive literal="0"/>



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          </range>
         </constrained>
        </type>
       </attribute>
      </sequence>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="NamedNumberList">
     <type>
      <sequence>
       <content name="namedNumbers">
        <type>
         <sequenceOf minSize="1">
          <element name="namedNumber" type="asd:NamedNumber"/>
         </sequenceOf>
        </type>
       </content>
      </sequence>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="NamedNumber">
     <type>
      <sequence>
       <attribute name="name" type="asn1:NCName"/>
       <optional>
        <attribute name="identifier" type="asd:Identifier"/>
       </optional>
       <attribute name="number" type="asn1:INTEGER"/>
      </sequence>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="EnumeratedType">
     <type>
      <sequence>
       <content name="root" type="asd:Enumeration"/>
       <optional>
        <element name="extension">
         <type>
          <sequence>
           <optional>
            <element name="exception" type="asd:ExceptionSpec"/>
           </optional>
           <optional>
            <content name="additions" type="asd:Enumeration"/>
           </optional>



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          </sequence>
         </type>
        </element>
       </optional>
      </sequence>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="Enumeration">
     <type>
      <sequenceOf minSize="1">
       <element name="enumeration" type="asd:EnumerationItem"/>
      </sequenceOf>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="EnumerationItem">
     <type>
      <sequence>
       <attribute name="name" type="asn1:NCName"/>
       <optional>
        <attribute name="identifier" type="asd:Identifier"/>
       </optional>
       <optional>
        <attribute name="number" type="asn1:INTEGER"/>
       </optional>
      </sequence>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="TaggedType">
     <type>
      <sequence>
       <optional>
        <attribute name="tagClass" type="asd:TagClass"/>
       </optional>
       <optional>
        <attribute name="tagging" type="asd:Tagging"/>
       </optional>
       <content name="type" type="asd:Type"/>
      </sequence>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="TagClass">
     <type>
      <enumerated>
       <enumeration name="UNIVERSAL" identifier="universal"/>



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       <enumeration name="APPLICATION" identifier="application"/>
       <enumeration name="PRIVATE" identifier="private"/>
      </enumerated>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="Tagging">
     <type>
      <enumerated>
       <enumeration name="EXPLICIT" identifier="explicit"/>
       <enumeration name="IMPLICIT" identifier="implicit"/>
      </enumerated>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="EncodingPrefixedType">
     <type>
      <sequence>
       <content name="prefixes" type="asd:EncodingPrefixes"/>
       <content name="type" type="asd:Type"/>
      </sequence>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="EncodingPrefixes">
     <type>
      <sequenceOf minSize="1">
       <content name="prefix" type="asd:EncodingPrefix"/>
      </sequenceOf>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="EncodingPrefix">
     <type>
      <choice>
       <element name="GSER" identifier="gser"
                type="asd:GSER-EncodingInstructions"/>
       <element name="XER" identifier="xer"
                type="asd:XER-EncodingInstructions"/>
      </choice>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="GSER-EncodingInstructions">
     <type>
      <sequenceOf minSize="1">
       <content name="instruction"
                type="gser:GSER-EncodingInstruction"/>



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      </sequenceOf>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="XER-EncodingInstructions">
     <type>
      <sequenceOf minSize="1">
       <content name="instruction" type="xer:XER-EncodingInstruction"/>
      </sequenceOf>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="SelectionType">
     <type>
      <sequence>
       <content name="alternative">
        <type>
         <choice>
          <attribute name="attribute" type="asn1:QName"/>
          <attribute name="element" type="asn1:QName"/>
          <attribute name="content" type="asn1:QName"/>
          <attribute name="member" type="asn1:QName"/>
         </choice>
        </type>
       </content>
       <content name="type" type="asd:Type"/>
      </sequence>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="InstanceOfType">
     <type>
      <sequence>
       <content name="objectClass" type="asd:DefinedObjectClass"/>
      </sequence>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="ObjectClassFieldType">
     <type>
      <sequence>
       <content name="objectClass" type="asd:DefinedObjectClass"/>
       <content name="fieldName" type="asd:FieldName"/>
      </sequence>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="FieldName">



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     <type>
      <choice>
       <attribute name="fieldName" identifier="fieldNameAtt"
                  type="asd:PrimitiveFieldNames"/>
       <element name="fieldName" type="asd:PrimitiveFieldNames"/>
      </choice>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="PrimitiveFieldNames" type="asn1:UTF8String"/>

    <namedType name="InformationFromObjects">
     <type>
      <sequence>
       <content name="referencedObjects" type="asd:ReferencedObjects"/>
       <content name="fieldName" type="asd:FieldName"/>
      </sequence>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="ReferencedObjects">
     <type>
      <choice>
       <content name="object" type="asd:Object"/>
       <content name="objectSet" type="asd:ObjectSet"/>
      </choice>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="SequenceType">
     <type>
      <sequence>
       <optional>
        <content name="root" type="asd:ComponentTypeList"/>
       </optional>
       <optional>
        <content name="extensionAndFinal">
         <type>
          <sequence>
           <element name="extension">
            <type>
             <sequence>
              <optional>
               <element name="exception" type="asd:ExceptionSpec"/>
              </optional>
              <optional>
               <content name="additions" type="asd:ExtensionAdditions"/>
              </optional>



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             </sequence>
            </type>
           </element>
           <optional>
            <content name="root" type="asd:ComponentTypeList"/>
           </optional>
          </sequence>
         </type>
        </content>
       </optional>
      </sequence>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="ComponentTypeList">
     <type>
      <sequenceOf minSize="1">
       <content name="componentType" type="asd:ComponentType"/>
      </sequenceOf>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="ComponentType">
     <type>
      <choice>
       <content name="component" type="asd:SequenceNamedType"/>
       <element name="optional">
        <type>
         <sequence>
          <content name="component" type="asd:SequenceNamedType"/>
          <optional>
           <element name="default">
            <type>
             <sequence>
              <content name="value" type="asd:Value"/>
             </sequence>
            </type>
           </element>
          </optional>
         </sequence>
        </type>
       </element>
       <element name="componentsOf">
        <type>
         <sequence>
          <content name="type" type="asd:Type"/>
         </sequence>
        </type>



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       </element>
      </choice>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="SequenceNamedType">
     <type>
      <constrained type="asd:NamedType">
       <withComponents partial="true">
        <element name="member" use="ABSENT"/>
        <element name="item" use="ABSENT"/>
       </withComponents>
      </constrained>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="ExtensionAdditions">
     <type>
      <sequenceOf minSize="1">
       <content name="addition" type="asd:ExtensionAddition"/>
      </sequenceOf>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="ExtensionAddition">
     <type>
      <choice>
       <element name="extensionGroup"
                type="asd:ExtensionAdditionGroup"/>
       <content name="componentType" type="asd:ComponentType"/>
      </choice>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="ExtensionAdditionGroup">
     <type>
      <sequence>
       <optional>
        <attribute name="version" type="asd:VersionNumber"/>
       </optional>
       <content name="componentTypes" type="asd:ComponentTypeList"/>
      </sequence>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="VersionNumber">
     <type>
      <constrained type="asn1:INTEGER">



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       <range>
        <minInclusive literal="2"/>
       </range>
      </constrained>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="SetType" type="asd:SequenceType"/>

    <namedType name="ChoiceOrUnionType">
     <type>
      <sequence>
       <optional>
        <attribute name="precedence" type="asd:PrecedenceList"/>
       </optional>
       <content name="root" type="asd:AlternativeTypeList"/>
       <optional>
        <element name="extension">
         <type>
          <sequence>
           <optional>
            <element name="exception" type="asd:ExceptionSpec"/>
           </optional>
           <optional>
            <content name="additions"
                     type="asd:ExtensionAdditionAlternatives"/>
           </optional>
          </sequence>
         </type>
        </element>
       </optional>
      </sequence>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="PrecedenceList">
     <type>
      <list minSize="1">
       <item name="member" type="asn1:QName"/>
      </list>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="AlternativeTypeList">
     <type>
      <sequenceOf minSize="1">
       <content name="component" type="asd:ChoiceOrUnionNamedType"/>
      </sequenceOf>



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     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="ChoiceOrUnionNamedType">
     <type>
      <constrained type="asd:NamedType">
       <withComponents partial="true">
        <element name="item" use="ABSENT"/>
       </withComponents>
      </constrained>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="ExtensionAdditionAlternatives">
     <type>
      <sequenceOf minSize="1">
       <content name="addition"
                type="asd:ExtensionAdditionAlternative"/>
      </sequenceOf>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="ExtensionAdditionAlternative">
     <type>
      <choice>
       <element name="extensionGroup"
                type="asd:ExtensionAdditionAlternativesGroup"/>
       <content name="component" type="asd:ChoiceOrUnionNamedType"/>
      </choice>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="ExtensionAdditionAlternativesGroup">
     <type>
      <sequence>
       <optional>
        <attribute name="version" type="asd:VersionNumber"/>
       </optional>
       <content name="alternatives" type="asd:AlternativeTypeList"/>
      </sequence>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="ChoiceType">
     <type>
      <constrained type="asd:ChoiceOrUnionType">
       <withComponents partial="true">
        <attribute name="precedence" use="ABSENT"/>



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        <content name="root">
         <withComponent>
          <includes type="asd:ChoiceNamedType"/>
         </withComponent>
        </content>
        <element name="extension">
         <withComponents partial="true">
          <content name="additions">
           <withComponent>
            <withComponents partial="true">
             <element name="extensionGroup">
              <withComponents partial="true">
               <content name="alternatives">
                <withComponent>
                 <includes type="asd:ChoiceNamedType"/>
                </withComponent>
               </content>
              </withComponents>
             </element>
             <content name="component">
              <includes type="asd:ChoiceNamedType"/>
             </content>
            </withComponents>
           </withComponent>
          </content>
         </withComponents>
        </element>
       </withComponents>
      </constrained>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="ChoiceNamedType">
     <type>
      <constrained type="asd:ChoiceOrUnionNamedType">
       <withComponents partial="true">
        <element name="member" use="ABSENT"/>
       </withComponents>
      </constrained>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="UnionType">
     <type>
      <constrained type="asd:ChoiceOrUnionType">
       <withComponents partial="true">
        <content name="root">
         <withComponent>



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          <includes type="asd:UnionNamedType"/>
         </withComponent>
        </content>
        <element name="extension">
         <withComponents partial="true">
          <content name="additions">
           <withComponent>
            <withComponents partial="true">
             <element name="extensionGroup">
              <withComponents partial="true">
               <content name="alternatives">
                <withComponent>
                 <includes type="asd:UnionNamedType"/>
                </withComponent>
               </content>
              </withComponents>
             </element>
             <content name="component">
              <includes type="asd:UnionNamedType"/>
             </content>
            </withComponents>
           </withComponent>
          </content>
         </withComponents>
        </element>
       </withComponents>
      </constrained>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="UnionNamedType">
     <type>
      <constrained type="asd:ChoiceOrUnionNamedType">
       <withComponents partial="true">
        <element name="attribute" use="ABSENT"/>
        <element name="element" use="ABSENT"/>
        <element name="content" use="ABSENT"/>
       </withComponents>
      </constrained>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="SequenceOfOrListType">
     <type>
      <sequence>
       <optional>
        <attribute name="minSize">
         <type>



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          <constrained type="asn1:INTEGER">
           <range>
            <minInclusive literal="0"/>
           </range>
          </constrained>
         </type>
        </attribute>
       </optional>
       <optional>
        <attribute name="maxSize">
         <type>
          <constrained type="asn1:INTEGER">
           <range>
            <minInclusive literal="0"/>
           </range>
          </constrained>
         </type>
        </attribute>
       </optional>
       <content name="component">
        <type>
         <constrained type="asd:NamedType">
          <withComponents partial="true">
           <element name="attribute" use="ABSENT"/>
           <element name="member" use="ABSENT"/>
          </withComponents>
         </constrained>
        </type>
       </content>
      </sequence>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="SequenceOfType">
     <type>
      <constrained type="asd:SequenceOfOrListType">
       <withComponents partial="true">
        <content name="component">
         <withComponents partial="true">
          <element name="item" use="ABSENT"/>
         </withComponents>
        </content>
       </withComponents>
      </constrained>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="SetOfType" type="asd:SequenceOfType"/>



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    <namedType name="ListType">
     <type>
      <constrained type="asd:SequenceOfOrListType">
       <withComponents partial="true">
        <content name="component">
         <withComponents partial="true">
          <element name="element" use="ABSENT"/>
          <element name="content" use="ABSENT"/>
         </withComponents>
        </content>
       </withComponents>
      </constrained>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="ConstrainedType">
     <type>
      <sequence>
       <content name="type" type="asd:Type"/>
       <content name="constraint" type="asd:Constraint"/>
      </sequence>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="Constraint">
     <type>
      <sequence>
       <content name="constraintSpec">
        <type>
         <choice>
          <content name="subtype" type="asd:ElementSetSpecs"/>
          <element name="constrainedBy"
                   type="asd:UserDefinedConstraint"/>
          <element name="table" type="asd:TableConstraint"/>
          <element name="contents" type="asd:ContentsConstraint"/>
         </choice>
        </type>
       </content>
       <optional>
        <element name="exception" type="asd:ExceptionSpec"/>
       </optional>
      </sequence>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="UserDefinedConstraint">
     <type>
      <sequence>



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       <optional>
        <content name="parameters" type="asd:ConstraintParameters"/>
       </optional>
      </sequence>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="ConstraintParameters">
     <type>
      <sequenceOf minSize="1">
       <content name="parameter"
                type="asd:UserDefinedConstraintParameter"/>
      </sequenceOf>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="UserDefinedConstraintParameter">
     <type>
      <choice>
       <element name="valueParameter">
        <type>
         <sequence>
          <content name="type" type="asd:Type"/>
          <content name="value" type="asd:Value"/>
         </sequence>
        </type>
       </element>
       <element name="valueSetParameter">
        <type>
         <sequence>
          <content name="type" type="asd:Type"/>
          <content name="valueSet" type="asd:ValueSet"/>
         </sequence>
        </type>
       </element>
       <element name="objectParameter">
        <type>
         <sequence>
          <content name="objectClass" type="asd:DefinedObjectClass"/>
          <content name="object" type="asd:Object"/>
         </sequence>
        </type>
       </element>
       <element name="objectSetParameter">
        <type>
         <sequence>
          <content name="objectClass" type="asd:DefinedObjectClass"/>
          <content name="objectSet" type="asd:ObjectSet"/>



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         </sequence>
        </type>
       </element>
       <element name="typeParameter">
        <type>
         <sequence>
          <content name="type" type="asd:Type"/>
         </sequence>
        </type>
       </element>
       <element name="classParameter">
        <type>
         <sequence>
          <content name="objectClass" type="asd:DefinedObjectClass"/>
         </sequence>
        </type>
       </element>
      </choice>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="TableConstraint">
     <type>
      <sequence>
       <content name="objectSet" type="asd:ObjectSet"/>
       <optional>
        <content name="componentRelation" type="asd:AtNotations"/>
       </optional>
      </sequence>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="AtNotations">
     <type>
      <sequenceOf minSize="1">
       <element name="restrictBy" type="asd:AtNotation"/>
      </sequenceOf>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="AtNotation" type="asn1:AnySimpleType"/>

    <namedType name="ContentsConstraint">
     <type>
      <constrained>
       <type>
        <sequence>
         <optional>



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          <element name="containing">
           <type>
            <sequence>
             <content name="type" type="asd:Type"/>
            </sequence>
           </type>
          </element>
         </optional>
         <optional>
          <element name="encodedBy">
           <type>
            <sequence>
             <content name="value" type="asd:Value"/>
            </sequence>
           </type>
          </element>
         </optional>
        </sequence>
       </type>
       <union>
        <withComponents partial="true">
         <element name="containing" use="PRESENT"/>
        </withComponents>
        <withComponents partial="true">
         <element name="encodedBy" use="PRESENT"/>
        </withComponents>
       </union>
      </constrained>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="ExceptionSpec">
     <type>
      <sequence>
       <content name="type" type="asd:Type"/>
       <content name="value" type="asd:Value"/>
      </sequence>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="Value">
     <type>
      <choice>
       <attribute name="literal" type="asn1:AnySimpleType"/>
       <attribute name="value" identifier="valueRef" type="asn1:QName"/>
       <element name="value" type="asd:ElementFormValue"/>
      </choice>
     </type>



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    </namedType>

    <namedType name="ElementFormValue" type="asn1:AnyType"/>

    <namedType name="ElementFormMetaValue">
     <type>
      <sequence>
       <content name="definition">
        <type>
         <choice>
          <content name="reference" type="asd:GeneralReference"/>
          <element name="fromObjects"
                   type="asd:InformationFromObjects"/>
          <element name="openTypeValue">
           <type>
            <sequence>
             <content name="type" type="asd:Type"/>
             <content name="value" type="asd:Value"/>
            </sequence>
           </type>
          </element>
          <content name="components" type="asd:ComponentValueList"/>
         </choice>
        </type>
       </content>
      </sequence>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="ComponentValueList">
     <type>
      <sequenceOf minSize="1">
       <content name="component" type="asd:NamedValue"/>
      </sequenceOf>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="NamedValue">
     <type>
      <choice>
       <element name="attribute" type="asd:GenericNamedValue"/>
       <element name="element" type="asd:GenericNamedValue"/>
       <element name="content" type="asd:GenericNamedValue"/>
       <element name="member" type="asd:GenericNamedValue"/>
       <element name="item" type="asd:GenericNamedValue"/>
      </choice>
     </type>
    </namedType>



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    <namedType name="GenericNamedValue">
     <type>
      <sequence>
       <attribute name="name" type="asn1:QName"/>
       <content name="value" type="asd:Value"/>
      </sequence>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="ValueSet">
     <type>
      <choice>
       <element name="valueSet" type="asd:ElementFormValueSet"/>
      </choice>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="ElementFormValueSet">
     <type>
      <sequence>
       <content name="definition">
        <type>
         <choice>
          <content name="elementSetSpecs" type="asd:ElementSetSpecs"/>
         </choice>
        </type>
       </content>
      </sequence>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="ElementSetSpecs">
     <type>
      <sequence>
       <content name="root" type="asd:ElementSetSpec"/>
       <optional>
        <element name="extension">
         <type>
          <sequence>
           <content name="additions" type="asd:ElementSetSpec"/>
          </sequence>
         </type>
        </element>
       </optional>
      </sequence>
     </type>
    </namedType>




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    <namedType name="ElementSetSpec">
     <type>
      <choice>
       <content name="single" type="asd:Intersections"/>
       <element name="union">
        <type>
         <sequence>
          <content name="list" type="asd:IntersectionsList"/>
         </sequence>
        </type>
       </element>
      </choice>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="IntersectionsList">
     <type>
      <sequenceOf minSize="2">
       <content name="intersections" type="asd:Intersections"/>
      </sequenceOf>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="Intersections">
     <type>
      <choice>
       <content name="single" type="asd:IntersectionElements"/>
       <element name="intersection">
        <type>
         <sequence>
          <content name="list" type="asd:IntersectionElementsList"/>
         </sequence>
        </type>
       </element>
      </choice>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="IntersectionElementsList">
     <type>
      <sequenceOf minSize="2">
       <content name="intersectionElements"
                type="asd:IntersectionElements"/>
      </sequenceOf>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="IntersectionElements">



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     <type>
      <choice>
       <element name="all">
        <type>
         <sequence>
          <optional>
           <content name="elements" type="asd:Elements"/>
          </optional>
          <element name="except">
           <type>
            <sequence>
             <content name="exclusions" type="asd:Elements"/>
            </sequence>
           </type>
          </element>
         </sequence>
        </type>
       </element>
       <content name="elements" type="asd:Elements"/>
      </choice>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="Elements">
     <type>
      <choice>
       <element name="value" type="asd:ElementFormValue"/>
       <element name="includes">
        <type>
         <sequence>
          <content name="containedSubtype" type="asd:Type"/>
         </sequence>
        </type>
       </element>
       <element name="range" type="asd:ValueRange"/>
       <element name="size">
        <type>
         <sequence>
          <content name="constraint" type="asd:Constraint"/>
         </sequence>
        </type>
       </element>
       <element name="typeConstraint">
        <type>
         <sequence>
          <content name="type" type="asd:Type"/>
         </sequence>
        </type>



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       </element>
       <element name="from">
        <type>
         <sequence>
          <content name="permittedAlphabet" type="asd:Constraint"/>
         </sequence>
        </type>
       </element>
       <element name="withComponent">
        <type>
         <sequence>
          <content name="singleTypeConstraint" type="asd:Constraint"/>
         </sequence>
        </type>
       </element>
       <element name="withComponents"
                type="asd:MultipleTypeConstraints"/>
       <element name="pattern">
        <type>
         <sequence>
          <content name="patternConstraint" type="asd:Value"/>
         </sequence>
        </type>
       </element>
       <element name="object" type="asd:ElementFormObject"/>
       <element name="objectSet" type="asd:ElementFormObjectSet"/>
      </choice>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="ValueRange">
     <type>
      <sequence>
       <optional>
        <content name="minimum">
         <type>
          <choice>
           <element name="minInclusive">
            <type>
             <sequence>
              <optional>
               <content name="lowerEndValue" type="asd:Value"/>
              </optional>
             </sequence>
            </type>
           </element>
           <element name="minExclusive">
            <type>



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             <sequence>
              <optional>
               <content name="lowerEndValue" type="asd:Value"/>
              </optional>
             </sequence>
            </type>
           </element>
          </choice>
         </type>
        </content>
        <default>
         <value>
          <minInclusive/>
         </value>
        </default>
       </optional>
       <optional>
        <content name="maximum">
         <type>
          <choice>
           <element name="maxInclusive">
            <type>
             <sequence>
              <optional>
               <content name="upperEndValue" type="asd:Value"/>
              </optional>
             </sequence>
            </type>
           </element>
           <element name="maxExclusive">
            <type>
             <sequence>
              <optional>
               <content name="upperEndValue" type="asd:Value"/>
              </optional>
             </sequence>
            </type>
           </element>
          </choice>
         </type>
        </content>
        <default>
         <value>
          <maxInclusive/>
         </value>
        </default>
       </optional>
      </sequence>



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     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="MultipleTypeConstraints">
     <type>
      <sequence>
       <optional>
        <attribute name="partial" type="asn1:BOOLEAN"/>
        <default literal="false"/>
       </optional>
       <content name="typeConstraints" type="asd:TypeConstraints"/>
      </sequence>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="TypeConstraints">
     <type>
      <sequenceOf minSize="1">
       <content name="namedConstraint" type="asd:NamedConstraint"/>
      </sequenceOf>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="NamedConstraint">
     <type>
      <choice>
       <element name="attribute" type="asd:GenericNamedConstraint"/>
       <element name="element" type="asd:GenericNamedConstraint"/>
       <element name="content" type="asd:GenericNamedConstraint"/>
       <element name="member" type="asd:GenericNamedConstraint"/>
       <element name="item" type="asd:GenericNamedConstraint"/>
      </choice>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="GenericNamedConstraint">
     <type>
      <sequence>
       <attribute name="name" type="asn1:QName"/>
       <optional>
        <attribute name="use" type="asd:PresenceConstraint"/>
       </optional>
       <optional>
        <content name="constraint" type="asd:Constraint"/>
       </optional>
      </sequence>
     </type>
    </namedType>



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    <namedType name="PresenceConstraint">
     <type>
      <enumerated>
       <enumeration name="PRESENT" identifier="present"/>
       <enumeration name="ABSENT" identifier="absent"/>
       <enumeration name="OPTIONAL" identifier="optional"/>
      </enumerated>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="ObjectClass">
     <type>
      <choice>
       <attribute name="class" identifier="classRef" type="asn1:QName"/>
       <element name="class" type="asd:ElementFormObjectClass"/>
      </choice>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="DefinedObjectClass">
     <type>
      <constrained type="asd:ObjectClass">
       <withComponents partial="true">
        <element name="class">
         <withComponents partial="true">
          <content name="definition">
           <withComponents partial="true">
            <content name="objectClassDefn" use="ABSENT"/>
           </withComponents>
          </content>
         </withComponents>
        </element>
       </withComponents>
      </constrained>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="ElementFormObjectClass">
     <type>
      <sequence>
       <content name="definition">
        <type>
         <choice>
          <content name="reference" type="asd:Reference"/>
          <content name="objectClassDefn" type="asd:ObjectClassDefn"/>
         </choice>
        </type>
       </content>



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      </sequence>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="ObjectClassDefn">
     <type>
      <sequenceOf minSize="1">
       <content name="fieldSpec" type="asd:FieldSpec"/>
      </sequenceOf>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="FieldSpec">
     <type>
      <choice>
       <element name="typeField" type="asd:TypeField"/>
       <element name="valueField" type="asd:ValueField"/>
       <element name="valueSetField" type="asd:ValueSetField"/>
       <element name="objectField" type="asd:ObjectField"/>
       <element name="objectSetField" type="asd:ObjectSetField"/>
       <element name="optional" type="asd:OptionalField"/>
      </choice>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="OptionalField">
     <type>
      <constrained>
       <type>
        <sequence>
         <content name="field">
          <type>
           <choice>
            <element name="typeField" type="asd:TypeField"/>
            <element name="valueField" type="asd:ValueField"/>
            <element name="valueSetField" type="asd:ValueSetField"/>
            <element name="objectField" type="asd:ObjectField"/>
            <element name="objectSetField" type="asd:ObjectSetField"/>
           </choice>
          </type>
         </content>
         <optional>
          <element name="default">
           <type>
            <sequence>
             <content name="setting" type="asd:Setting"/>
            </sequence>
           </type>



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          </element>
         </optional>
        </sequence>
       </type>
       <union>
        <withComponents partial="true">
         <content name="field">
          <withComponents>
           <element name="typeField" use="PRESENT"/>
          </withComponents>
         </content>
         <element name="default">
          <withComponents>
           <content name="setting">
            <withComponents>
             <content name="type" use="PRESENT"/>
            </withComponents>
           </content>
          </withComponents>
         </element>
        </withComponents>
        <withComponents partial="true">
         <content name="field">
          <withComponents>
           <element name="valueField" use="PRESENT"/>
          </withComponents>
         </content>
         <element name="default">
          <withComponents>
           <content name="setting">
            <withComponents>
             <content name="value" use="PRESENT"/>
            </withComponents>
           </content>
          </withComponents>
         </element>
        </withComponents>
        <withComponents partial="true">
         <content name="field">
          <withComponents>
           <element name="valueSetField" use="PRESENT"/>
          </withComponents>
         </content>
         <element name="default">
          <withComponents>
           <content name="setting">
            <withComponents>
             <content name="valueSet" use="PRESENT"/>



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            </withComponents>
           </content>
          </withComponents>
         </element>
        </withComponents>
        <withComponents partial="true">
         <content name="field">
          <withComponents>
           <element name="objectField" use="PRESENT"/>
          </withComponents>
         </content>
         <element name="default">
          <withComponents>
           <content name="setting">
            <withComponents>
             <content name="object" use="PRESENT"/>
            </withComponents>
           </content>
          </withComponents>
         </element>
        </withComponents>
        <withComponents partial="true">
         <content name="field">
          <withComponents>
           <element name="objectSetField" use="PRESENT"/>
          </withComponents>
         </content>
         <element name="default">
          <withComponents>
           <content name="setting">
            <withComponents>
             <content name="objectSet" use="PRESENT"/>
            </withComponents>
           </content>
          </withComponents>
         </element>
        </withComponents>
       </union>
      </constrained>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="TypeField">
     <type>
      <sequence>
       <attribute name="name" type="asd:TypeFieldReference"/>
      </sequence>
     </type>



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    </namedType>

    <namedType name="TypeFieldReference" type="asd:TypeReference"/>

    <namedType name="ValueField">
     <type>
      <constrained>
       <type>
        <sequence>
         <attribute name="name" type="asd:ValueFieldReference"/>
         <optional>
          <attribute name="unique" type="asn1:BOOLEAN"/>
          <default literal="false"/>
         </optional>
         <content name="governor">
          <type>
           <choice>
            <content name="type" type="asd:Type"/>
            <element name="typeFromField">
             <type>
              <sequence>
               <content name="fieldName" type="asd:FieldName"/>
              </sequence>
             </type>
            </element>
           </choice>
          </type>
         </content>
        </sequence>
       </type>
       <union>
        <withComponents partial="true">
         <attribute name="unique" use="ABSENT"/>
        </withComponents>
        <withComponents partial="true">
         <content name="governor">
          <withComponents partial="true">
           <element name="typeFromField" use="ABSENT"/>
          </withComponents>
         </content>
        </withComponents>
       </union>
      </constrained>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="ValueFieldReference" type="asd:ValueReference"/>




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    <namedType name="ValueSetField">
     <type>
      <sequence>
       <attribute name="name" type="asd:ValueSetFieldReference"/>
       <content name="governor">
        <type>
         <choice>
          <content name="type" type="asd:Type"/>
          <element name="typeFromField">
           <type>
            <sequence>
             <content name="fieldName" type="asd:FieldName"/>
            </sequence>
           </type>
          </element>
         </choice>
        </type>
       </content>
      </sequence>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="ValueSetFieldReference" type="asd:TypeReference"/>

    <namedType name="ObjectField">
     <type>
      <sequence>
       <attribute name="name" type="asd:ObjectFieldReference"/>
       <content name="objectClass" type="asd:DefinedObjectClass"/>
      </sequence>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="ObjectFieldReference" type="asd:ObjectReference"/>

    <namedType name="ObjectSetField">
     <type>
      <sequence>
       <attribute name="name" type="asd:ObjectSetFieldReference"/>
       <content name="objectClass" type="asd:DefinedObjectClass"/>
      </sequence>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="ObjectSetFieldReference"
               type="asd:ObjectSetReference"/>

    <namedType name="Object">



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     <type>
      <choice>
       <attribute name="object" identifier="objectRef"
                  type="asn1:QName"/>
       <element name="object" type="asd:ElementFormObject"/>
      </choice>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="ElementFormObject">
     <type>
      <sequence>
       <content name="definition">
        <type>
         <choice>
          <content name="reference" type="asd:Reference"/>
          <element name="fromObjects"
                   type="asd:InformationFromObjects"/>
          <content name="fields" type="asd:ObjectDefn"/>
         </choice>
        </type>
       </content>
      </sequence>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="ObjectDefn">
     <type>
      <sequenceOf>
       <element name="field" type="asd:FieldSetting"/>
      </sequenceOf>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="FieldSetting">
     <type>
      <sequence>
       <attribute name="name" type="asn1:NCName"/>
       <content name="setting" type="asd:Setting"/>
      </sequence>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="Setting">
     <type>
      <choice>
       <content name="type" type="asd:Type"/>
       <content name="value" type="asd:Value"/>



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       <content name="valueSet" type="asd:ValueSet"/>
       <content name="object" type="asd:Object"/>
       <content name="objectSet" type="asd:ObjectSet"/>
      </choice>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="ObjectSet">
     <type>
      <choice>
       <attribute name="objectSet" identifier="objectSetRef"
                  type="asn1:QName"/>
       <element name="objectSet" type="asd:ElementFormObjectSet"/>
      </choice>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="ElementFormObjectSet">
     <type>
      <sequence>
       <content name="definition">
        <type>
         <choice>
          <content name="reference" type="asd:Reference"/>
          <content name="objectSetSpec" type="asd:ObjectSetSpec"/>
          <element name="fromObjects"
                   type="asd:InformationFromObjects"/>
         </choice>
        </type>
       </content>
      </sequence>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="ObjectSetSpec">
     <type>
      <sequence>
       <optional>
        <content name="root" type="asd:ElementSetSpec"/>
       </optional>
       <optional>
        <element name="extension">
         <type>
          <sequence>
           <content name="additions" type="asd:ElementSetSpec"/>
          </sequence>
         </type>
        </element>



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       </optional>
      </sequence>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="EncodingControlSections">
     <type>
      <sequenceOf minSize="1">
       <content name="section" type="asd:EncodingControlSection"/>
      </sequenceOf>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <namedType name="EncodingControlSection">
     <type>
      <choice>
       <element name="encodingControl-GSER"
                type="gser:GSER-EncodingInstructionAssignmentList"/>
       <element name="encodingControl-XER"
                type="xer:XER-EncodingInstructionAssignmentList"/>
      </choice>
     </type>
    </namedType>

    <element name="schema" type="asd:ModuleDefinition"/>

    <attribute name="meta" type="asn1:BOOLEAN"/>

   </asn1:schema>

Appendix C. An XML Schema for ASN.1 Schema

   To be supplied.

Normative References

   [BCP14]    Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.

   [URI]      Berners-Lee, T., Fielding, R. and L. Masinter, "Uniform
              Resource Identifiers (URI): Generic Syntax", STD 66, RFC
              3986, January 2005.

   [GSER]     Legg, S., "Generic String Encoding Rules (GSER) for ASN.1
              Types", RFC 3641, October 2003.

   [GSEREI]   Legg, S., "Encoding Instructions for the Generic String
              Encoding Rules (GSER)", draft-legg-ldap-gserei-xx.txt, a



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              work in progress, to be published.

   [RXER]     Legg, S. and D. Prager, "Robust XML Encoding Rules (RXER)
              for Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1)",
              draft-legg-xed-rxer-xx.txt, a work in progress, April
              2005.

   [RXEREI]   Legg, S., "Encoding Instructions for the Robust XML
              Encoding Rules (RXER)", draft-legg-xed-rxer-ei-xx.txt, a
              work in progress, April 2005.

   [GSEREIT]  Legg, S., "ASN.1 Schema Representation for GSER Encoding
              Instructions", draft-legg-xed-asd-gserei-xx.txt, a work in
              progress, to be published.

   [XEREIT]   Legg, S., "ASN.1 Schema Representation for XER Encoding
              Instructions", draft-legg-xed-asd-xerei-xx.txt, a work in
              progress, April 2005.

   [X.680]    ITU-T Recommendation X.680 (07/02) | ISO/IEC 8824-1:2002,
              Information technology - Abstract Syntax Notation One
              (ASN.1): Specification of basic notation

   [X.680-1]  Amendment 1: to ITU-T Rec. X.680 | ISO/IEC 8824-1

   [X.681]    ITU-T Recommendation X.681 (07/02) | ISO/IEC 8824-2:2002,
              Information technology - Abstract Syntax Notation One
              (ASN.1): Information object specification

   [X.682]    ITU-T Recommendation X.682 (07/02) | ISO/IEC 8824-3:2002,
              Information technology - Abstract Syntax Notation One
              (ASN.1): Constraint specification

   [X.683]    ITU-T Recommendation X.683 (07/02) | ISO/IEC 8824-4:2002,
              Information technology - Abstract Syntax Notation One
              (ASN.1): Parameterization of ASN.1 specifications

   [X.693]    ITU-T Recommendation X.693 (12/01) | ISO/IEC 8825-4:2002,
              Information technology - ASN.1 encoding rules: XML
              encoding rules (XER)

   [X.693-1]  Amendment 1: (to ITU-T Rec. X.693 | ISO/IEC 8825-4) XER
              encoding instructions and EXTENDED-XER

   [XML]      Bray, T., Paoli, J., Sperberg-McQueen, C., Maler, E. and
              F. Yergeau, "Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 (Third
              Edition)", W3C Recommendation,
              http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-xml-20040204, February 2004.



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   [XMLNS]    Bray, T., Hollander, D. and A. Layman, "Namespaces in
              XML", http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-xml-names-19990114,
              January 1999.

   [ISET]     Cowan, J. and R. Tobin, "XML Information Set", W3C
              Recommendation, http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-xml-
              infoset-20011024, October 2001.

Informative References

   [XSD1]     Thompson, H., Beech, D., Maloney, M. and N. Mendelsohn,
              "XML Schema Part 1: Structures", W3C Recommendation,
              http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-xmlschema-1-20010502, May
              2001.

   [RNG]      Clark, J. and M. Makoto, "RELAX NG Tutorial", OASIS
              Committee Specification, http://www.oasis-
              open.org/committees/relax-ng/tutorial-20011203.html,
              December 2001.

Authors' Addresses

   Dr. Steven Legg
   eB2Bcom
   Suite 3, Woodhouse Corporate Centre
   935 Station Street
   Box Hill North, Victoria 3129
   AUSTRALIA

   Phone: +61 3 9896 7830
     Fax: +61 3 9896 7801
   EMail: steven.legg@eb2bcom.com

   Dr. Daniel Prager

   EMail: dan@layabout.net

Full Copyright Statement

   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2005).

   This document is subject to the rights, licenses and restrictions
   contained in BCP 78, and except as set forth therein, the authors
   retain all their rights.

   This document and the information contained herein are provided on an
   "AS IS" basis and THE CONTRIBUTOR, THE ORGANIZATION HE/SHE REPRESENTS
   OR IS SPONSORED BY (IF ANY), THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET



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   ENGINEERING TASK FORCE DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED,
   INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE
   INFORMATION HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED
   WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

Intellectual Property

   The IETF takes no position regarding the validity or scope of any
   Intellectual Property Rights or other rights that might be claimed to
   pertain to the implementation or use of the technology described in
   this document or the extent to which any license under such rights
   might or might not be available; nor does it represent that it has
   made any independent effort to identify any such rights.  Information
   on the procedures with respect to rights in RFC documents can be
   found in BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Copies of IPR disclosures made to the IETF Secretariat and any
   assurances of licenses to be made available, or the result of an
   attempt made to obtain a general license or permission for the use of
   such proprietary rights by implementers or users of this
   specification can be obtained from the IETF on-line IPR repository at
   http://www.ietf.org/ipr.

   The IETF invites any interested party to bring to its attention any
   copyrights, patents or patent applications, or other proprietary
   rights that may cover technology that may be required to implement
   this standard.  Please address the information to the IETF at
   ietf-ipr@ietf.org.

Changes in Draft 01

   The Directory XML Encoding Rules (DXER) have been renamed to the
   Robust XML Encoding Rules (RXER).

   The ASN.1 Schema representation of a value of the EXTERNAL type has
   been changed from the usual RXER encoding, the encoding according to
   the associated type in X.690, to the encoding according to the
   associated type in X.680.  However the RXER encoding of EXTERNAL is
   unchanged.

   The translation of extensions to SEQUENCE, SET and CHOICE types has
   been simplified.  The second extension marker no longer generates a
   second <extension> element.

   The translation of UserDefinedConstraintParameter has been revised so
   that the corresponding ASN.1 type in the ASN.1 for ASN.1 Schema is
   more straightforward.




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   A <definition> element has been added to the translation of
   ObjectDefn to avoid the potential for ambiguity between an ObjectDefn
   and an ObjectFromObject.

   The assumedName attribute on the <element> child of a <sequenceOf> or
   <setOf> element has been replaced by a pair of attributes - name and
   identifier.  The identifier attribute is intended to hold the
   identifier appearing in the original ASN.1 specification when that
   identifier is not the same as the value of the name attribute, i.e.
   because there is no identifier, or the identifier is modified by a
   NAME encoding instruction.

   The ASN.1 for ASN.1 Schema, and the ASN.1 Schema for ASN.1 Schema,
   have been provided.

Changes in Draft 02

   The changes introduced in Draft 02 have been superseded by the
   changes in Draft 03.

Changes in Draft 03

   The effect of RXER encoding instructions on the translation of an
   ASN.1 specification into ASN.1 Schema has been included.

   The ASN.1 for ASN.1 Schema has been changed to use RXER encoding
   instructions instead of XER encoding instructions.

   The ASN.1 for ASN.1 Schema, and the ASN.1 Schema for ASN.1 Schema,
   have been changed to a more natural representation using attributes
   nested in content models.

   A translation for PrefixedType has been included.

   The "renames" (a verb) attribute has been renamed to "identifier" (a
   noun).

   The OBJECT IDENTIFIER for the ASN1-Schema module has been replaced.

   The translation of AtNotation has been changed from the value of a
   component attribute of a <restrictBy> element to simple content of
   the <restrictBy> element.

   A solution for translating recursive parameterized definitions has
   been added.






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