One document matched: draft-korhonen-edns0-synthesis-flag-02.txt

Differences from draft-korhonen-edns0-synthesis-flag-01.txt

Behave WG                                                    J. Korhonen
Internet-Draft                                    Nokia Siemens Networks
Intended status: Standards Track                      T. Savolainen, Ed.
Expires: August 21, 2011                                           Nokia
                                                       February 17, 2011


      EDNS0 Option for Indicating AAAA Record Synthesis and Format
               draft-korhonen-edns0-synthesis-flag-02.txt

Abstract

   Advanced hosts and applications benefit of the knowledge of an IPv6
   address, AAAA record, synthesis taking place in the network.  This
   draft proposes new ENDS0 option for communicating the synthesis is
   taking place, used address format, and the IPv6 prefix and suffix
   used by the DNS64.  The communicated information enables hosts to
   perform local IPv6 address synthesis.

Status of this Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF).  Note that other groups may also distribute
   working documents as Internet-Drafts.  The list of current Internet-
   Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   This Internet-Draft will expire on August 21, 2011.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2011 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
   (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
   publication of this document.  Please review these documents
   carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
   to this document.  Code Components extracted from this document must
   include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of



Korhonen & Savolainen    Expires August 21, 2011                [Page 1]

Internet-Draft            EDNS0 synthesis flags            February 2011


   the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
   described in the Simplified BSD License.


Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
   2.  Requirements and Terminology  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
     2.1.  Requirements  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
   3.  EDNS0 option for indicating address synthesis . . . . . . . . . 3
   4.  Host behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
   5.  Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
   6.  IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
   7.  Acknowledgements  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
   8.  References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
     8.1.  Normative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
     8.2.  Informative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
   Authors' Addresses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

































Korhonen & Savolainen    Expires August 21, 2011                [Page 2]

Internet-Draft            EDNS0 synthesis flags            February 2011


1.  Introduction

   As the networks transition to IPv6, connectivity to IPv4-only domains
   have to be provided.  NAT64 [I-D.ietf-behave-v6v4-xlate-stateful] and
   DNS64 [I-D.ietf-behave-dns64] technologies can be utilized to make
   IPv4-only peers look like being reachable over IPv6.  The DNS64
   utilizes IPv6 address synthesis to create local IPv6 presentations of
   peers having only IPv4 addresses.  Applications utilizing DNS for
   resolving peers' IPv6 addresses can work seamlessly through protocol
   translation taking place at NAT64.

   The DNS64 cannot serve applications not using DNS, such as those
   receiving IPv4 addresses as referrals.  Such applications could
   nevertheless be able to work through NAT64, provided they are able to
   create locally valid IPv6 presentations of peers' IPv4 addresses.

   This document describes a method for advanced applications to learn
   the information required to perform local IPv6 address synthesis.

   The knowledge of IPv6 address synthesizing taking place may also be
   useful if DNS64 is present in dual-stack network access.  In such
   cases hosts may choose to use IPv4 addresses instead of synthesized
   IPv6 addresses, and hence avoid traversal through NAT64.


2.  Requirements and Terminology

2.1.  Requirements

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].


3.  EDNS0 option for indicating address synthesis

   The mechanism for informing AAAA record synthesis taking place and
   the used addressing format is communicated in an EDNS0 option in a
   DNS response.  The option has three bits indicating the formats
   described in [RFC6052].  The option and bits are structured as
   follows:










Korhonen & Savolainen    Expires August 21, 2011                [Page 3]

Internet-Draft            EDNS0 synthesis flags            February 2011


                   +0 (MSB)                +1 (LSB)
            +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
         0: |                 OPTION-CODE                   |
            +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
         2: |                OPTION-LENGTH                  |
            +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
         4: |   SY   |          Reserved                    |
            +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+

    OPTION-CODE (Assigned by IANA)

    OPTION-LENGTH  2 (Length of payload in octets)

    Possible values for SY-bits are:

             000 reserved
             001 prefix length /32
             010 prefix length /40
             011 prefix length /48
             100 prefix length /56
             101 prefix length /64
             110 prefix length /96
             111 address is not synthesized

    Reserved       Initialized to zero

                                 Figure 1

   The prefix length corresponds to the address formats documented in
   "IPv6 Addressing of IPv4/IPv6 Translators document" [RFC6052] section
   2.2.

   Absence of EDNS0 option means that either no synthesis took place or
   the DNS64 does not support this specification.  Either way, when the
   EDNS0 option is missing, the host cannot conclude for certain whether
   the AAAA response was synthesized or not.  The host may additionally
   utilize method described in
   [I-D.savolainen-heuristic-nat64-discovery].


4.  Host behavior

   If a host requires information for local IPv6 address synthesis or
   NAT64 avoidance, it shall send a DNS query for AAAA record of a well-
   known IPv4-only fully qualified domain name.  This well-known name
   does not have to be in global DNS system.  It is enough that DNS64
   recognizes the name and replies to it.




Korhonen & Savolainen    Expires August 21, 2011                [Page 4]

Internet-Draft            EDNS0 synthesis flags            February 2011


   The host may query for well-known IPv4-only name, for example, at the
   moment the host is configured an IPv6 address of a DNS server.  This
   may also happen at the time first DNS query for AAAA record is
   initiated.

   When sending AAAA query for the known name a host MUST set "Checking
   Disabled (CD)" bit to zero, as otherwise the DNS64 will not perform
   IPv6 address synthesis hence does not reveal the IPv6 prefix(es) used
   for protocol translation.

   If a host receives negative reply, it learns there are no NAT64 in
   the network.

   A DNS reply with one or more non-empty AAAA records indicates that
   the access network is utilizing IPv6 address synthesis.  The host
   reads the flag values on the ENDS0 option to learn the used address
   format, and with that information fetches from the received IPv6
   addresses the information used by the network for IPv6 address
   synthesis (prefix, suffix, u-bit).  The host MUST look through all of
   the received AAAA records to collect all available prefixes.  The
   prefixes may include Well-Known Prefix or one or more Network-
   Specific Prefixes.

   In the case only one IPv6 prefix was present in the DNS response: a
   host shall use that IPv6 prefix for both local synthetization and for
   detecting synthesis done by the DNS64 entity on the network.

   In the case multiple IPv6 prefixes were present in the DNS response:
   a host SHOULD use all received prefixes when determining whether
   other received IPv6 addresses are synthetic.  However, for selecting
   prefix for the local IPv6 address synthesis host MUST use the
   following prioritization order, of which purpose is to avoid use of
   prefixes containing suffixes reserved for the future [RFC6052]:

   1.  Use NSP having /96 prefix

   2.  Use WKP prefix

   3.  Use longest available NSP prefix

   In the case of NXDOMAIN or empty AAAA reply: the DNS64 is not
   available on the access network, network filtered the well-known AAAA
   query on purpose, or something went wrong in the DNS resolution.  All
   unsuccessful cases result in unavailability of a host to perform
   local IPv6 address synthesis.  The host MAY periodically resend AAAA
   query to check if DNS64 has become available or temporary problem
   cleared.  The host MAY also continue monitoring DNS replies with IPv6
   addresses constructed from WKP, in which case the host MAY use the



Korhonen & Savolainen    Expires August 21, 2011                [Page 5]

Internet-Draft            EDNS0 synthesis flags            February 2011


   WKP as if it were learned during the query for well-known name.

   The information required for local IPv6 address synthesis should be
   made available for applications to utilize.

   Alternatively, the host may learn the required information for the
   local IPv6 address synthesis or the NAT64 avoidance along with any
   normal DNS query for an AAAA record.  In that case all the above
   considerations and procedures apply, except for the fact that the
   fully qualified domain used for the DNS query may or may not be
   provisioned with an AAAA record.  Therefore, if and when the EDNS0
   option is absent in the reply, the host cannot reliably determine
   whether the returned IPv6 address is real or synthesized.


5.  Security Considerations

   No security considerations have been identified.


6.  IANA Considerations

   IANA should define a name and an IPv4 address for a well-known IPv4-
   only name.

   IANA should allocate new OPTION-CODE for this option.


7.  Acknowledgements

   The authors would like to acknowledge Andrew Sullivan for presenting
   general idea of ENDS0 option and SY-bit in behave WG mailing list.


8.  References

8.1.  Normative References

   [I-D.ietf-behave-dns64]
              Bagnulo, M., Sullivan, A., Matthews, P., and I. Beijnum,
              "DNS64: DNS extensions for Network Address Translation
              from IPv6 Clients to IPv4 Servers",
              draft-ietf-behave-dns64-11 (work in progress),
              October 2010.

   [I-D.ietf-behave-v6v4-xlate-stateful]
              Bagnulo, M., Matthews, P., and I. Beijnum, "Stateful
              NAT64: Network Address and Protocol Translation from IPv6



Korhonen & Savolainen    Expires August 21, 2011                [Page 6]

Internet-Draft            EDNS0 synthesis flags            February 2011


              Clients to IPv4 Servers",
              draft-ietf-behave-v6v4-xlate-stateful-12 (work in
              progress), July 2010.

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.

   [RFC6052]  Bao, C., Huitema, C., Bagnulo, M., Boucadair, M., and X.
              Li, "IPv6 Addressing of IPv4/IPv6 Translators", RFC 6052,
              October 2010.

8.2.  Informative References

   [I-D.savolainen-heuristic-nat64-discovery]
              Savolainen, T. and J. Korhonen, "Discovery of a Network-
              Specific NAT64 Prefix using a Well-Known Name",
              draft-savolainen-heuristic-nat64-discovery-01 (work in
              progress), February 2011.


Authors' Addresses

   Jouni Korhonen
   Nokia Siemens Networks
   Linnoitustie 6
   FI-02600 Espoo
   Finland

   Email: jouni.nospam@gmail.com


   Teemu Savolainen (editor)
   Nokia
   Hermiankatu 12 D
   FI-33720 Tampere
   Finland

   Email: teemu.savolainen@nokia.com













Korhonen & Savolainen    Expires August 21, 2011                [Page 7]