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INTERNET DRAFT Mallikarjun Chadalapaka
draft-ietf-ips-iscsi-impl-guide-01.txt Hewlett-Packard Co.
Editor
Expires March 2006
iSCSI Implementer's Guide
Status of this Memo
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Abstract
iSCSI is a SCSI transport protocol and maps the SCSI family
of application protocols onto TCP/IP. RFC 3720 defines the
iSCSI protocol. This document compiles the clarifications to
the original protocol definition in RFC 3720 to serve as a
companion document for the iSCSI implementers. This document
updates RFC 3720 and the text in this document supersedes the
text in RFC 3720 when the two differ.
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Table of Contents
1 Definitions and acronyms ...............................3
1.1 Definitions ............................................3
1.2 Acronyms ...............................................3
2 Introduction ...........................................5
3 iSCSI semantics for SCSI tasks .........................6
3.1 Residual handling ......................................6
3.1.1 Overview..............................................6
3.1.2 SCSI REPORT LUNS and Residual Overflow................7
3.2 R2T Ordering ...........................................8
4 Task Management ........................................9
4.1 Requests Affecting Multiple Tasks ......................9
4.1.1 Scope of affected tasks...............................9
4.1.2 Updated semantics.....................................9
4.1.3 Rationale behind the new semantics...................11
5 Discovery semantics ...................................13
5.1 Error Recovery for Discovery Sessions .................13
5.2 Reinstatement Semantics of Discovery Sessions .........13
5.2.1 Unnamed Discovery Sessions...........................14
5.2.2 Named Discovery Sessions.............................14
5.3 TPGT Values ...........................................15
6 iSCSI Error Handling and Recovery .....................16
6.1 ITT ...................................................16
6.2 Format Errors .........................................16
6.3 Digest Errors .........................................16
7 Security Considerations ...............................18
8 IANA Considerations ...................................19
9 References and Bibliography ...........................20
9.1 Normative References ..................................20
9.2 Informative References ................................20
10 Editor's Address ......................................21
11 Acknowledgements ......................................22
12 Full Copyright Statement ..............................23
13 Intellectual Property Statement .......................24
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1 Definitions and acronyms
1.1 Definitions
I/O Buffer ¡ A buffer that is used in a SCSI Read or Write
operation so SCSI data may be sent from or received into
that buffer. For a read or write data transfer to take
place for a task, an I/O Buffer is required on the
initiator and at least one required on the target.
SCSI-Presented Data Transfer Length (SPDTL): SPDTL is the
aggregate data length of the data that SCSI layer
logically "presents" to iSCSI layer for a Data-in or
Data-out transfer in the context of a SCSI task. For a
bidirectional task, there are two SPDTL values ¡ one for
Data-in and one for Data-out. Note that the notion of
"presenting" includes immediate data per the data
transfer model in [SAM2], and excludes overlapping data
transfers, if any, requested by the SCSI layer.
Third-party: A term used in this document to denote nexus
objects (I_T or I_T_L) and iSCSI sessions which reap the
side-effects of actions took place in the context of a
separate iSCSI session, while being third parties to the
action that caused the side-effects. One example of a
Third-party session is an iSCSI session hosting an I_T_L
nexus to an LU that is reset with an LU Reset TMF via a
separate I_T nexus.
1.2 Acronyms
Acronym Definition
-------------------------------------------------------------
EDTL Expected Data Transfer Length
IANA Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
IETF Internet Engineering Task Force
I/O Input - Output
IP Internet Protocol
iSCSI Internet SCSI
iSER iSCSI Extensions for RDMA
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ITT Initiator Task Tag
LO Leading Only
LU Logical Unit
LUN Logical Unit Number
PDU Protocol Data Unit
RDMA Remote Direct Memory Access
R2T Ready To Transfer
R2TSN Ready To Transfer Sequence Number
RFC Request For Comments
SAM SCSI Architecture Model
SCSI Small Computer Systems Interface
SN Sequence Number
SNACK Selective Negative Acknowledgment - also
Sequence Number Acknowledgement for data
TCP Transmission Control Protocol
TMF Task Management Function
TTT Target Transfer Tag
UA Unit Attention
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2 Introduction
Several iSCSI implementations had been built after [RFC3720] was
published and the iSCSI community is now richer by the resulting
implementation expertise. The goal of this document is to
leverage this expertise both to offer clarifications to the
[RFC3720] semantics and to address defects in [RFC3720] as
appropriate. This document intends to offer critical guidance
to implementers with regard to non-obvious iSCSI implementation
aspects so as to improve interoperability and accelerate iSCSI
adoption. This document, however, does not purport to be an
all-encompassing iSCSI how-to guide for implementers, nor a
complete revision of [RFC3720]. This document instead is
intended as a companion document to [RFC3720] for the iSCSI
implementers.
iSCSI implementers are required to reference [RFC3722] and
[RFC3723] in addition to [RFC3720] for mandatory requirements.
In addition, [RFC3721] also contains useful information for
iSCSI implementers. The text in this document, however, updates
and supersedes the text in all the noted RFCs whenever there is
such a question.
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3 iSCSI semantics for SCSI tasks
3.1 Residual handling
Section 10.4.1 of [RFC3720] defines the notion of "residuals"
and specifies how the residual information should be encoded
into the SCSI Response PDU in Counts and Flags fields. Section
3.1.1 clarifies the intent of [RFC3720] and explains the general
principles. Section 3.1.2 describes the residual handling in
the REPORT LUNS scenario.
3.1.1 Overview
SCSI-Presented Data Transfer Length (SPDTL) is the term this
document uses (see section 1.1 for definition) to represent the
aggregate data length that the target SCSI layer attempts to
transfer using the local iSCSI layer for a task. Expected Data
Transfer Length (EDTL) is the iSCSI term that represents the
length of data that iSCSI layer expects to transfer for a task.
EDTL is specified in the SCSI Command PDU.
When SPDTL = EDTL for a task, the target iSCSI layer completes
the task with no residuals. Whenever SPDTL differs from EDTL
for a task, that task is said to have a residual.
If SPDTL > EDTL for a task, iSCSI Overflow MUST be signaled in
the SCSI Response PDU as specified in [RFC3720]. Residual Count
MUST be set to the numerical value of (SPDTL ¡ EDTL).
If SPDTL < EDTL for a task, iSCSI Underflow MUST be signaled in
the SCSI Response PDU as specified in [RFC3720]. Residual Count
MUST be set to the numerical value of (EDTL ¡ SPDTL).
Note that the Overflow and Underflow scenarios are independent
of Data-in and Data-out. Either scenario is logically possible
in either direction of data transfer.
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3.1.2 SCSI REPORT LUNS and Residual Overflow
The specification of the SCSI REPORT LUNS command requires that
the SCSI target limit the amount of data transferred to a
maximum size (ALLOCATION LENGTH) provided by the initiator in
the REPORT LUNS CDB. If the Expected Data Transfer Length
(EDTL) in the iSCSI header of the SCSI Command PDU for a REPORT
LUNS command is set to at least as large as that ALLOCATION
LENGTH, the SCSI layer truncation prevents an iSCSI Residual
Overflow from occurring. A SCSI initiator can detect that such
truncation has occurred via other information at the SCSI layer.
The rest of the section elaborates this required behavior.
iSCSI uses the (O) bit (bit 5) in the Flags field of the SCSI
Response and the last SCSI Data-In PDUs to indicate that that an
iSCSI target was unable to transfer all of the SCSI data for a
command to the initiator because the amount of data to be
transferred exceeded the EDTL in the corresponding SCSI Command
PDU (see Section 10.4.1 of [RFC3720]).
The SCSI REPORT LUNS command requests a target SCSI layer to
return a logical unit inventory (LUN list) to the initiator SCSI
layer (see section 6.21 of SPC-3 [SPC3]). The size of this LUN
list may not be known to the initiator SCSI layer when it issues
the REPORT LUNS command; to avoid transfer of more LUN list data
than the initiator is prepared for, the REPORT LUNS CDB contains
an ALLOCATION LENGTH field to specify the maximum amount of data
to be transferred to the initiator for this command. If the
initiator SCSI layer has under-estimated the number of logical
units at the target, it is possible that the complete logical
unit inventory does not fit in the specified ALLOCATION LENGTH.
In this situation, section 4.3.3.6 in [SPC3] requires that the
target SCSI layer "shall terminate transfers to the Data-In
Buffer" when the number of bytes specified by the ALLOCATION
LENGTH field have been transferred.
Therefore, in response to a REPORT LUNS command, the SCSI layer
at the target presents at most ALLOCATION LENGTH bytes of data
(logical unit inventory) to iSCSI for transfer to the initiator.
For a REPORT LUNS command, if the iSCSI EDTL is at least as
large as the ALLOCATION LENGTH, the SCSI truncation ensures that
the EDTL will accommodate all of the data to be transferred. If
all of the logical unit inventory data presented to the iSCSI
layer ¡ i.e. the data remaining after any SCSI truncation - is
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transferred to the initiator by the iSCSI layer, an iSCSI
Residual Overflow has not occurred and the iSCSI (O) bit MUST
NOT be set in the SCSI Response or final SCSI Data-Out PDU.
This is not a new requirement but is already required by the
combination of [RFC 3720] with the specification of the REPORT
LUNS command in [SPC3]. If the iSCSI EDTL is larger than the
ALLOCATION LENGTH however in this scenario, note that the iSCSI
Underflow MUST be signaled in the SCSI Response PDU. An iSCSI
Underflow MUST also be signaled when the iSCSI EDTL is equal to
ALLOCATION LENGTH but the logical unit inventory data presented
to the iSCSI layer is smaller than ALLOCATION LENGTH.
The LUN LIST LENGTH field in the logical unit inventory (first
field in the inventory) is not affected by truncation of the
inventory to fit in ALLOCATION LENGTH; this enables a SCSI
initiator to determine that the received inventory is incomplete
by noticing that the LUN LIST LENGTH in the inventory is larger
than the ALLOCATION LENGTH that was sent in the REPORT LUNS CDB.
A common initiator behavior in this situation is to re-issue the
REPORT LUNS command with a larger ALLOCATION LENGTH.
3.2 R2T Ordering
Section 10.8 in [RFC3720] says the following:
The target may send several R2T PDUs. It, therefore, can have
a number of pending data transfers. The number of outstanding
R2T PDUs are limited by the value of the negotiated key
MaxOutstandingR2T. Within a connection, outstanding R2Ts MUST
be fulfilled by the initiator in the order in which they were
received.
The quoted [RFC3720] text was unclear on the scope of
applicability ¡ either per task, or across all tasks on a
connection ¡ and may be interpreted as either. This section is
intended to clarify that the scope of applicability of the
quoted text is a task. No R2T ordering relationship ¡ either in
generation at the target or in fulfilling at the initiator ¡
across tasks is implied. I.e., outstanding R2Ts within a task
MUST be fulfilled by the initiator in the order in which they
were received on a connection.
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4 Task Management
4.1 Requests Affecting Multiple Tasks
This section updates the original text in section 10.6.2 of
[RFC3720]. The clarified semantics are a superset of the
semantics of the original text in it the new text covers all
TMFs that can impact multiple tasks.
4.1.1 Scope of affected tasks
ABORT TASK SET: All outstanding tasks for the I_T_L nexus
identified by the LUN field in the ABORT TASK SET TMF
Request PDU.
CLEAR TASK SET: All outstanding tasks in the task set for
the LU identified by the LUN field in the CLEAR TASK SET
TMF Request PDU. See [SPC3] for the definition of a "task
set".
LOGICAL UNIT RESET: All outstanding tasks from all
initiators for the LU identified by the LUN field in the
LOGICAL UNIT RESET Request PDU.
TARGET WARM RESET/TARGET COLD RESET: All outstanding tasks
from all initiators across all LUs that the TMF-issuing
session has access to on the SCSI target device hosting the
iSCSI session.
Usage example: an "ABORT TASK SET TMF Request PDU" in the
preceding text is an iSCSI TMF Request PDU with the "Function"
field set to "ABORT TASK SET" as defined in [RFC3720]. Similar
usage is employed for other scope descriptions.
4.1.2 Updated semantics
The execution of ABORT TASK SET, CLEAR TASK SET, LOGICAL UNIT
RESET, TARGET WARM RESET, and TARGET COLD RESET TMF Requests
consists of the following sequence of actions in the specified
order on each of the entities.
The initiator:
a) Issues ABORT TASK SET/CLEAR TASK SET/LOGICAL UNIT
RESET/TARGET WARM RESET/TARGET COLD RESET request.
b) Continues to respond to each TTT received for the affected
tasks.
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c) Receives any responses that the target may provide for some
tasks among the affected tasks (may process them as usual
because they are guaranteed to have chronologically
originated before the TMF response).
d) Receives the task management response concluding all the
tasks in the set of affected tasks.
The Target MUST do the following:
a) Receives the ABORT TASK SET/CLEAR TASK SET/LOGICAL UNIT
RESET/TARGET WARM RESET/TARGET COLD RESET request.
b) Waits for all currently valid target transfer tags of the
affected tasks to be responded.
c) Based on the CmdSN ordering, waits (concurrent with the
wait in step (b)) for all commands of the affected tasks to
be received. In the case of target-scoped requests (i.e.
TARGET WARM RESET and TARGET COLD RESET), all the commands
that are not received, as at the end of step (b), in the
command stream however can be considered to have been
received with no command waiting period - i.e. the entire
CmdSN space upto the CmdSN of the task management function
can be "plugged" (refer section 6.9 on how aborting a
specific task can implicitly plug the CmdSN of the task
being aborted) at the end of step (b).
d) Propagates the TMF request to and receives the response
from the target SCSI layer.
e) Takes note of last-sent StatSN on each of the connections
in the iSCSI session(s) (one or more) sharing the affected
tasks, and waits for acknowledgement of each StatSN (may
solicit for acknowledgement by way of a NOP-In). If any
new task responses are meanwhile received from the SCSI
layer while waiting for StatSN acknowledgement(s), those
response PDUs ¡ the first SCSI Response PDU of which is
presumably carrying the UA notification on all Third-party
sessions - MUST be held and queued at the iSCSI layer. If
some tasks originate from non-iSCSI I_T_L nexuses then the
means by which the target insures that all affected tasks
have returned their status to the initiator are defined by
the specific non-iSCSI transport protocol(s).
f) Sends the task set management response to the issuing
initiator. All task response PDUs held back at the iSCSI
layer in step e are simultaneously eligible for being
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placed on the wire at this point.
4.1.3 Rationale behind the new semantics
There are fundamentally three basic objectives behind the
semantics specified in section 4.1.2.
1. Maintaining an ordered command flow I_T nexus abstraction
to the target SCSI layer even with multi-connection
sessions.
o Target iSCSI processing of a TMF request must maintain
the single flow illusion - steps c & d of the target
behavior correspond to this objective.
2. Maintaining a single ordered response flow I_T nexus
abstraction to the initiator SCSI layer even with multi-
connection sessions when one response (i.e. TMF response)
could imply the status of other unfinished tasks from the
initiator's perspective.
o Target must ensure that the initiator does not see
"old" task responses (that were placed on the wire
chronologically earlier than the TMF response) after
seeing the TMF response - step e of the target
behavior corresponds to this objective.
o Whenever the result of a TMF action is visible across
multiple I_T_L nexuses, [SAM2] requires the SCSI
device server to trigger a UA on each of the other
I_T_L nexuses. Once an initiator is notified of such
an UA, the application client on the receiving
initiator is required to clear its task state (clause
5.5 in [SAM2]) for the affected tasks. It would thus
be inappropriate to deliver a SCSI Response for a task
after the task state is cleared on the initiator, i.e.
after the UA is notified. The UA notification
contained in the first SCSI Response PDU on each
affected Third-party I_T_L nexus after the TMF action
thus MUST NOT pass the affected task responses on any
of the iSCSI sessions accessing the LU ¡ steps e & f
of the target behavior correspond to this objective.
3. Draining all active TTTs corresponding to affected tasks
before the TMF is acted on.
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o Targets are better off if the TTTs are
deterministically retired before the affected tasks
are terminated because that eliminates the possibility
of large-sized Data-out PDUs with stale TTTs arriving
after the tasks are terminated. Step b of the target
behavior corresponds to this objective.
The only other notable thing in step c of the target behavior is
the "plugging" part - it is an optimization that says if all
tasks on the I_T nexus will be aborted anyway (as with a target
reset), there is no need to wait, the target can simply plug all
missing CmdSN slots and move on with TMF processing. The first
objective (maintaining a single ordered command flow) is still
met with this optimization because target SCSI layer only sees
ordered commands.
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5 Discovery semantics
5.1 Error Recovery for Discovery Sessions
The negotiation of the key ErrorRecoveryLevel is not required
for Discovery sessions ¡ i.e. for sessions that negotiated
"SessionType=Discovery" ¡ because the default value of 0 is
necessary and sufficient for Discovery sessions. It is however
possible that some legacy iSCSI implementations might attempt to
negotiate the ErrorRecoveryLevel key on Discovery sessions.
When such a negotiation attempt is made by the remote side, a
compliant iSCSI implementation MUST propose a value of 0 (zero)
in response. The operational ErrorRecoveryLevel for Discovery
sessions thus MUST be 0. This naturally follows from the
functionality constraints [RFC3720] imposes on Discovery
sessions.
5.2 Reinstatement Semantics of Discovery Sessions
Discovery sessions are intended to be relatively short-lived.
Initiators are not expected to establish multiple Discovery
sessions to the same iSCSI Network Portal (see [RFC3720]). An
initiator may use the same iSCSI Initiator Name and ISID when
establishing different unique sessions with different targets
and/or different portal groups. This behavior is discussed in
Section 9.1.1 of [RFC3720] and is, in fact, encouraged as
conservative reuse of ISIDs. ISID RULE in [RFC3720] states that
there must not be more than one session with a matching 4-tuple:
<InitiatorName, ISID, TargetName, TargetPortalGroupTag>. While
the spirit of the ISID RULE applies to Discovery sessions the
same as it does for Normal sessions, note that some Discovery
sessions differ from the Normal sessions in two important
aspects:
Because [RFC3720] allows a Discovery session to be
established without specifying a TargetName key in the
Login Request PDU (let us call such a session an "Unnamed"
Discovery session), there is no Target Node context to
enforce the ISID RULE.
Portal Groups are defined only in the context of a Target
Node. When the TargetName key is NULL-valued (i.e. not
specified), the TargetPortalGroupTag thus cannot be
ascertained to enforce the ISID RULE.
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The following sections describe the two scenarios ¡ Named
Discovery sessions and Unnamed Discovery sessions ¡ separately.
5.2.1 Unnamed Discovery Sessions
For Unnamed Discovery sessions, neither the TargetName nor the
TargetPortalGroupTag is available to the targets in order to
enforce the ISID RULE. So the following rule applies.
UNNAMED ISID RULE: Targets MUST enforce the uniqueness of the
following 4-tuple for Unnamed Discovery sessions:
<InitiatorName, ISID, NULL, TargetAddress>. The following
semantics are implied by this uniqueness requirement.
Targets SHOULD allow concurrent establishment of one Discovery
session with each of its Network Portals by the same initiator
port with a given iSCSI Node Name and an ISID. Each of the
concurrent Discovery sessions, if established by the same
initiator port to other Network Portals, MUST be treated as
independent sessions ¡ i.e. one session MUST NOT reinstate the
other.
A new Unnamed Discovery session that has a matching
<InitiatorName, ISID, NULL, TargetAddress> to an existing
discovery session MUST reinstate the existing Unnamed Discovery
session. Note thus that only an Unnamed Discovery session may
reinstate an Unnamed Discovery session.
5.2.2 Named Discovery Sessions
For a Named Discovery session, the TargetName key is specified
by the initiator and thus the target can unambiguously ascertain
the TargetPortalGroupTag as well. Since all the four elements
of the 4-tuple are known, the ISID RULE MUST be enforced by
targets with no changes from [RFC3720] semantics. A new session
with a matching <InitiatorName, ISID, TargetName,
TargetPortalGroupTag> thus will reinstate an existing session.
Note in this case that any new iSCSI session (Discovery or
Normal) with the matching 4-tuple may reinstate an existing
Named Discovery iSCSI session.
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5.3 TPGT Values
SAM-2 and SAM-3 specifications incorrectly note in their
informative text that TPGT value should be non-zero, although
[RFC3720} allows the value of zero for TPGT. This section is to
clarify that zero value is expressly allowed as a legal value
for TPGT. A future revision of SAM will be corrected to address
this discrepancy.
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6 iSCSI Error Handling and Recovery
6.1 ITT
Section 10.19 in [RFC3720] mentions this in passing but noted
here again for making it obvious since the semantics apply to
the initiators in general. An ITT value of 0xffffffff is
reserved and MUST NOT be assigned for a task by the initiator.
The only instance it may be seen on the wire is in a target-
initiated NOP-In PDU (and in the initiator response to that PDU
if necessary).
6.2 Format Errors
Section 6.6 of [RFC3720] discusses format error handling. This
section elaborates on the "inconsistent" PDU field contents
noted in [RFC3720].
All initiator-detected PDU construction errors MUST be
considered as format errors. Some examples of such errors are:
- NOP-In with a valid TTT but an invalid LUN
- NOP-In with a valid ITT (i.e. a NOP-In response) and also a
valid TTT
- SCSI Response PDU with Status=CHECK CONDITION, but
DataSegmentLength = 0
6.3 Digest Errors
Section 6.7 of [RFC3720] discusses digest error handling. It
states that "No further action is necessary for initiators if the discarded
PDU is an unsolicited PDU (e.g., Async, Reject)" on detecting a
payload digest error. This is incorrect.
An Asynchronous Message PDU or a Reject PDU carries the next
StatSN value on an iSCSI connection, advancing the StatSN. When
an initiator discards one of these PDUs due to a payload digest
error, the entire PDU including the header MUST be discarded.
Consequently, the initiator MUST treat the exception like a loss
of any other solicited response PDU ¡ i.e. it MUST use one of
the following options noted in [RFC3720]:
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a) Request PDU retransmission with a status SNACK.
b) Logout the connection for recovery and continue the
tasks on a different connection instance.
c) Logout to close the connection (abort all the commands
associated with the connection).
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7 Security Considerations
This document does not introduce any new security considerations
other than those already noted in [RFC3720]. Consequently, all
the iSCSI-related security text in [RFC3723] is also directly
applicable to this document.
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8 IANA Considerations
This draft does not have any specific IANA considerations other
than those already noted in [RFC3720].
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9 References and Bibliography
9.1 Normative References
[RFC3720] Satran, J., Meth, K., Sapuntzakis, C., Chadalapaka,
M., and E. Zeidner, "Internet Small Computer Systems
Interface (iSCSI)", RFC 3720, April 2004.
[RFC3722] Bakke, M., "String Profile for Internet Small
Computer Systems Interface (iSCSI) Names", RFC 3722, April
2004.
[RFC3723] Aboba, B., Tseng, J., Walker, J., Rangan, V., and
F. Travostino, "Securing Block Storage Protocols over IP",
RFC 3723, April 2004.
[SPC3] T10/1416-D, SCSI Primary Commands-3.
9.2 Informative References
[RFC3721] Bakke, M., Hafner, J., Hufferd, J., Voruganti, K.,
and M. Krueger, "Internet Small Computer Systems Interface
(iSCSI) Naming and Discovery", RFC 3721, April 2004.
[iSER] Ko, M., Chadalapaka, M., Elzur, U., Shah, H., Thaler,
P., J. Hufferd, "iSCSI Extensions for RDMA", IETF
Internet Draft draft-ietf-ips-iser-04.txt (work in
progress), June 2005.
[RFC2119] Bradner, S. "Key Words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
[SAM2] ANSI X3.366-2003, SCSI Architecture Model-2 (SAM-2).
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10 Editor's Address
Mallikarjun Chadalapaka
Hewlett-Packard Company
8000 Foothills Blvd.
Roseville, CA 95747-5668, USA
Phone: +1-916-785-5621
E-mail: cbm@rose.hp.com
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11 Acknowledgements
The IP Storage (ips) Working Group in the Transport Area of
IETF has been responsible for defining the iSCSI protocol
(apart from a host of other relevant IP Storage protocols).
The editor acknowledges the contributions of the entire
working group.
The following individuals directly contributed to identifying
[RFC3720] issues and/or suggesting resolutions to the issues
clarified in this document: David Black (REPORT LUNS/overflow
semantics), Gwendal Grignou (TMF scope), Mike Ko (digest
error handling for Asynchronous Message), Dmitry Fomichev
(reserved ITT), Bill Studenmund (residual handling, discovery
semantics), Ken Sandars (discovery semantics), Bob Russell
(discovery semantics), Julian Satran (discovery semantics),
Rob Elliott (T10 liaison, R2T ordering), Joseph Pittman(TMF
scope). This document benefited from all these
contributions.
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12 Full Copyright Statement
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2005). This document is
subject to the rights, licenses and restrictions contained in
BCP 78, and except as set forth therein, the authors retain
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This document and the information contained herein are
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ORGANIZATION HE/SHE REPRESENTS OR IS SPONSORED BY (IF ANY),
THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING TASK FORCE
DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT
NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION
HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES
OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
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13 Intellectual Property Statement
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