One document matched: draft-ietf-geopriv-dhcp-civil-04.txt
Differences from draft-ietf-geopriv-dhcp-civil-03.txt
GEOPRIV H. Schulzrinne
Internet-Draft Columbia U.
Expires: March 29, 2005 September 28, 2004
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCPv4 and DHCPv6) Option for
Civic Addresses Configuration Information
draft-ietf-geopriv-dhcp-civil-04
Status of this Memo
This document is an Internet-Draft and is subject to all provisions
of section 3 of RFC 3667. By submitting this Internet-Draft, each
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Copyright Notice
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2004).
Abstract
This document specifies a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCPv4
and DHCPv6) option for the civic location of the client or the DHCP
server. The Location Configuration Information (LCI) includes
information about the country, administrative units such as states,
provinces and cities, as well as street addresses and building
information.
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Table of Contents
1. Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3. Format of the DHCP Civic Location Option . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3.1 Overall Format for DHCPv4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3.2 Overall Format for DHCPv6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3.3 Element Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3.4 Civic Address Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4. Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
5. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
6. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
7. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
7.1 Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
7.2 Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Author's Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
A. Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Intellectual Property and Copyright Statements . . . . . . . . 18
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1. Terminology
In this document, the key words "MUST", "MUSTNOT", "REQUIRED",
"SHALL", "SHALLNOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULDNOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
"OPTIONAL" are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [1] and
indicate requirement levels for compliant implementations.
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2. Introduction
Many end system services can benefit by knowing the approximate
location of the end device. In particular, IP telephony devices need
to know their location to contact the appropriate emergency response
agency and to be found by emergency responders.
There are two common ways to identify the location of an object,
either through geospatial coordinates or by so-called civic address.
Geospatial coordinates indicate longitude, latitude and altitude,
while civic addresses indicate a street address.
A related document [13] describes a DHCPv4 [2] option for conveying
geospatial information to a device. This draft describes how DHCPv4
and DHCPv6 [5] can be used to convey the civic location to devices.
Both can be used simultaneously, increasing the chance to deliver
accurate and timely location information to emergency responders.
End systems that obtain location information via the mechanism
described here then use other protocol mechanisms to communicate this
information to the emergency call center or to convey it as part of
presence information.
Civic information is useful since it often provides additional,
human-usable information particularly within buildings. Also,
compared to geospatial information, it is readily obtained for most
occupied structures and can often be interpreted even if incomplete.
For example, for many large university or corporate campuses,
geocoding information to building and room granularity may not be
readily available.
Unlike geospatial information, the format for civic information
differs from country to country. Thus, this draft establishes an
IANA registry for civic location data fields. The initial set of
data fields is derived from standards published by the United States
National Emergency Number Association (NENA) [16]. It is anticipated
that other countries can reuse many of the data elements.
The same civic address information can often be rendered in multiple
languages and scripts. For example, Korean addresses are often shown
in Hangul, Latin and Kanji, while some older cities have multiple
language variants (Munich, Muenchen and Monaco, for example). Since
DHCPv4 and DHCPv6 do not currently support a mechanism to query for a
specific script or language, the DHCP server SHOULD provide all
common renderings to the client and MUST provide at least the
rendering in the language and script appropriate to the location
indicated. For example, for use in presence information, the target
may be visiting from a foreign country and want to convey the
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information in a format suitable for watchers in its home country.
For emergency services, the rendering in the local language is likely
to be most appropriate. To provide multiple renderings, the client
repeats sequences of address elements, prefixing each with 'language'
and/or 'script' element (see Section 3.3). The language and script
remain in effect for subsequent elements until overridden by another
language or script element.
The DHCP server MAY provide location information for multiple
locations related to the target, for example, both the network
element and the network jack itself. This is likely to help in
debugging network problems, for example.
As discussed in Security Considerations (Section 5), the GeoConf_Civi
option SHOULD be returned by DHCP servers only when the DHCP client
has included this option in its 'parameter request list' (Section 3.5
[2]).
The DHCP long-options mechanism described in RFC 3396 [8] MUST be
used if the civic address option exceeds the maximum DHCP option size
of 255 octets.
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3. Format of the DHCP Civic Location Option
3.1 Overall Format for DHCPv4
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| GEOCONF_CIVIC | N | Countrycode |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| What | civic address elements ...
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Code GEOCONF_CIVIC: The code for this DHCP option is TBD by IANA.
N: The length of this option is variable.
Countrycode: The two-letter ISO 3166 country code in capital ASCII
letters, e.g., DE or US.
What: The 'what' element describes which location the DHCP refers to.
Currently, three options are defined: the location of the DHCP
server (a value of 0), the location of the network element
believed to be closest to the client (a value of 1) or the
location of the client (a value of 2). Option (2) SHOULD be used,
but may not be known. Options (0) and (1) SHOULD NOT be used
unless it is known that the DHCP client is in close physical
proximity to the server or network element.
Civic address element: Zero or more elements comprising the civic
address, with the format described below (Section 3.3).
3.2 Overall Format for DHCPv6
The DHCPv6 [5] civic address option refers generally to the client as
a whole.
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| OPTION_CIVIC_ADDRESS | option-len |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Countrycode | what | elements ...
| civic address elements |
| ... |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
option-code: OPTION_CIVIC_ADDRESS (TBD)
option-len: Length of the Countrycode, 'what' and civic address
elements.
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Countrycode: See above (Section 3.1).
What: See above (Section 3.1).
Civic address element: See above (Section 3.1).
3.3 Element Format
For both DHCPv4 and DHCPv6, each civic address element has the
following format:
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| CAtype | CAlength | CAvalue ...
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
CAtype: A one-octet descriptor of the data civic address value.
CAlength: The length, in octets, of the CAvalue, not including the
CAlength field itself. Data SHOULD be encoded in mixed case,
following the customary spelling.
CAvalue: The civic address value, encoded as UTF-8 [6], and written
in uppercase letters where applicable. The script indication is
written in mixed-case, with the first letter a capital letter.
Elements SHOULD be included in numeric order from lowest to highest
of their CAtype if the server only provides one language and script
rendition. In general, an element is labeled in its language and
script by the most recent 'language tag' (CAtype = 0) element
preceding it. Since not all elements depend on the script and
language, a client accumulates the elements by CAtype and then
selects the most desirable language and script rendition if there are
multiple elements for the same CAtype.
3.4 Civic Address Components
Since each country has different administrative hierarchies, with
often the same (English) names, this specification adopts a simple
hierarchical notation that is then instantiated for each country. We
assume that five levels are sufficient for sub-national divisions
above the street level.
All elements are OPTIONAL and can appear in any order. Abbreviations
do not need a trailing period. It is RECOMMENDED that all elements
in a particular script (CAtype 128) and language (CAtype 0) be
grouped together as that reduces the number of script and language
identifiers needed.
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+----------------------+----------------------+---------------------+
| CAtype | label | description |
+----------------------+----------------------+---------------------+
| 1 | A1 | national |
| | | subdivisions |
| | | (state, region, |
| | | province, |
| | | prefecture) |
| | | |
| 2 | A2 | county, parish, gun |
| | | (JP), district (IN) |
| | | |
| 3 | A3 | city, township, shi |
| | | (JP) |
| | | |
| 4 | A4 | city division, |
| | | borough, city |
| | | district, ward, |
| | | chou (JP) |
| | | |
| 5 | A5 | neighborhood, block |
| | | |
| 6 | A6 | street |
+----------------------+----------------------+---------------------+
Table 1
For specific countries, the administrative sub-divisions are
described below.
CA (Canada): The mapping to NENA designations is shown in
parentheses. A1=province (STA); A2=county (CNA); A3=city or town
(MCN); A6=street (STN).
DE (Germany): A1=state (Bundesstaat); A2=county (Regierungsbezirk);
A3=city (Stadt, Gemeinde); A6=street (Strasse). Street suffixes
(STS) are used only for designations that are a separate word
(e.g., Marienthaler Strasse).
JP (Japan): A1=metropolis (To, Fu) or prefecture (Ken, Do); A2=city
(Shi) or rural area (Gun); A3=ward (Ku) or village (Mura); A4=town
(Chou or Machi); A5=city district (Choume); A6=block (Banchi or
Ban).
KR (Korea): A1=province (Do); A2=county (gun); A3=city or village
(ri); A4=urban district (gu); A5=neighborhood (dong); A6=street
(no, ro, ga or gil).
US (United States): The mapping to NENA designations is shown in
parentheses. A1=state (STA), using the the two-letter state and
possession abbreviations recommended by the United States Postal
Service Publication 28 [15], Appendix B; A2=county (CNA); A3=civic
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community name (city or town) (MCN); A6=street (STN). A4 and A5
are not used. The civic community name (MCN) reflects the
political boundaries. These may differ from postal delivery
assignments for historical or practical reasons.
Additional CA types appear in many countries and are simply omitted
where they are not needed or known:
+------------+------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| CAtype | NENA | PIDF | Description | Examples |
+------------+------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
| 0 | | | language | i-default |
| | | | | [3] |
| | | | | |
| 16 | PRD | PRD | leading | N |
| | | | street | |
| | | | direction | |
| | | | | |
| 17 | POD | POD | trailing | SW |
| | | | street | |
| | | | suffix | |
| | | | | |
| 18 | STS | STS | street | AVE, PLATZ |
| | | | suffix | |
| | | | | |
| 19 | HNO | HNO | house | 123 |
| | | | number | |
| | | | | |
| 20 | HNS | HNS | house | A, 1/2 |
| | | | number | |
| | | | suffix | |
| | | | | |
| 21 | LMK | LMK | landmark or | COLUMBIA |
| | | | vanity | UNIVERSITY |
| | | | address | |
| | | | | |
| 22 | LOC | LOC | additional | SOUTH WING |
| | | | location | |
| | | | information | |
| | | | | |
| 23 | NAM | NAM | name | JOE'S |
| | | | (residence | BARBERSHOP |
| | | | and office | |
| | | | occupant) | |
| | | | | |
| 24 | ZIP | PC | postal/zip | 10027-1234 |
| | | | code | |
| | | | | |
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| 25 | | | building | LOW LIBRARY |
| | | | (structure) | |
| | | | | |
| 26 | | | unit | APT 42 |
| | | | (apartment, | |
| | | | suite) | |
| | | | | |
| 27 | | FLR | floor | 4 |
| | | | | |
| 28 | | | room number | 450F |
| | | | | |
| 29 | | | placetype | office |
| | | | | |
| 128 | | | script | Latn |
| | | | | |
| 255 | | | reserved | |
+------------+------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+
The CA types labeled in the second column correspond to items from
the NENA "Recommended Formats & Protocols For ALI Data Exchange, ALI
Response & GIS Mapping" [16], but are applicable to most countries.
The "NENA" column refers to the data dictionary name in Exhibit 18 of
[16].
The column labeled PIDF indicates the element name from [14].
The "language" item (CAtype 0) optionally identifies the language
used for presenting the address information, drawing from the tags
for identifying languages in [7]. If omitted, the default value for
this tag is "i-default" [3].
The "script" item (CAtype 128) optionally identifies the script used
for presenting the address information, drawing from the tags for
identifying scripts in ISO 15924 [11]. If omitted, the default value
for this tag is "Latn".
The abbreviations N, E, S, W, and NE, NW, SE, SW should be used for
POD and PRD in English-speaking countries.
STS designates a street suffix. In the United States (US), the
abbreviations recommended by the United States Postal Service
Publication 28 [15], Appendix C, SHOULD be used.
HNS ("house number") is a modifier to a street address; it does not
identify parts of a street address.
LMK ("landmark") is a string name for a location. It conveys the
same information as the street address, but reflects common local
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designation of a structure, a group of buildings or a place that
helps recipients locate the place. For example, an industrial park
may have a widely-recognized name that is more readily found than a
single street address. Some places, such as parks, may not have
street names or house numbers and SHOULD be identified by a LMK
string.
LOC ("location") is an unstructured string.
The NAM object is used to aid user location ("Joe Miller" "Alice's
Dry Cleaning"). It does not identify the person using a
communications device, but rather the person or organization
associated with the address.
While a landmark (LMK) can indicate a complex of buildings,
'building' (CAtype 25) conveys the name of a single building if the
street address includes more than one building or the building name
is helpful in identifying the location. (For example, on university
campuses, the house number is often not displayed on buildings, while
the building name is prominently shown.)
The 'unit' object (CAtype 26) contains the name or number of a part
of a structure where there are separate administrative units, owners
or tenants, such as separate companies or families who occupy that
structure. Common examples include suite or apartment designations.
A 'room' is the smallest identifiable subdivision of a structure.
The "type of place" item (CAtype 29) describes the type of place
described by the civic coordinates. For example, it describes
whether it is a home, office, street or other public space. The
values are drawn from the items in the rich presence [17] document.
This information makes it easy, for example, for the DHCP client to
then populate the presence information. Since this is an
IANA-registered token, the language and script designations do not
apply for this element.
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4. Example
Rather than showing the precise byte layout of a DHCP option, we show
a symbolic example below, representing the civic address of the
Munich city hall in Bavaria, Germany. The city and state name are
also conveyed in English and Italian in addition to German; the other
items are assumed to be common across all languages. All languages
use the latin script.
+--------+---------------+
| CAtype | CAvalue |
+--------+---------------+
| 0 | de |
| | |
| 128 | Latn |
| | |
| 1 | Bayern |
| | |
| 2 | Oberbayern |
| | |
| 3 | M=U+00FCnchen |
| | |
| 6 | Marienplatz |
| | |
| 19 | 8 |
| | |
| 21 | Rathaus |
| | |
| 24 | 80331 |
| | |
| 25 | public |
| | |
| 0 | en |
| | |
| 1 | Bavaria |
| | |
| 3 | Munich |
| | |
| 0 | it |
| | |
| 1 | Baviera |
| | |
| 3 | Monaco |
+--------+---------------+
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5. Security Considerations
Where critical decisions might be based on the value of this
GeoConf_Civic option, DHCP authentication in RFC3118 [4] SHOULD be
used to protect the integrity of the DHCP options.
Since there is no privacy protection for DHCP messages, an
eavesdropper who can monitor the link between the DHCP server and
requesting client can discover the information contained in this
option.
To minimize the unintended exposure of location information, the
GeoConf_Civic option SHOULD be returned by DHCP servers only when the
DHCP client has included this option in its 'parameter request list'
(Section 3.5 [2]).
When implementing a DHCP server that will serve clients across an
uncontrolled network, one should consider the potential security
risks.
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6. IANA Considerations
This document requests that IANA register a new DHCPv4 and DHCPv6
option code for the Civic Address (GEOCONF_CIVIC).
This document establishes a new IANA registry for CAtypes designating
civic address components. According to RFC 2434 [12], this registry
operates under the "Specification Required" rules. The IANA
registration needs to include the following information:
CAType: Numeric identifier, assigned by IANA.
Brief description: Short description identifying the meaning of the
element.
Reference to published specification: A stable reference to an RFC or
other permanent and readily available reference, in sufficient
detail so that interoperability between independent
implementations is possible.
Country-specific considerations: If applicable, notes whether the
element is only applicable or defined for certain countries.
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7. References
7.1 Normative References
[1] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement
Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
[2] Droms, R., "Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol", RFC 2131,
March 1997.
[3] Alvestrand, H., "IETF Policy on Character Sets and Languages",
BCP 18, RFC 2277, January 1998.
[4] Droms, R. and W. Arbaugh, "Authentication for DHCP Messages",
RFC 3118, June 2001.
[5] Droms, R., Bound, J., Volz, B., Lemon, T., Perkins, C. and M.
Carney, "Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for IPv6
(DHCPv6)", RFC 3315, July 2003.
[6] Yergeau, F., "UTF-8, a transformation format of ISO 10646", STD
63, RFC 3629, November 2003.
[7] Alvestrand, H., "Tags for the Identification of Languages", BCP
47, RFC 3066, January 2001.
[8] Lemon, T. and S. Cheshire, "Encoding Long Options in the
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCPv4)", RFC 3396,
November 2002.
[9] Mealling, M., "The IETF XML Registry", BCP 81, RFC 3688,
January 2004.
[10] Sugano, H. and S. Fujimoto, "Presence Information Data Format
(PIDF)", draft-ietf-impp-cpim-pidf-08 (work in progress), May
2003.
[11] International Organization for Standardization, ISO.,
"Information and documentation - Codes for the representation
of names of scripts", February 2004.
7.2 Informative References
[12] Narten, T. and H. Alvestrand, "Guidelines for Writing an IANA
Considerations Section in RFCs", BCP 26, RFC 2434, October
1998.
[13] Polk, J., Schnizlein, J. and M. Linsner, "Dynamic Host
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Configuration Protocol Option for Coordinate-based Location
Configuration Information", RFC 3825, July 2004.
[14] Peterson, J., "A Presence-based GEOPRIV Location Object
Format", draft-ietf-geopriv-pidf-lo-03 (work in progress),
September 2004.
[15] United States Postal Service, "Postal Addressing Standards",
November 2000.
[16] National Emergency Number Assocation, "NENA Recommended Formats
and Protocols For ALI Data Exchange, ALI Response and GIS
Mapping", NENA NENA-02-010, January 2002.
[17] Schulzrinne, H., Gurbani, V., Kyzivat, P. and J. Rosenberg,
"RPID: Rich Presence: Extensions to the Presence Information
Data Format (PIDF)", draft-ietf-simple-rpid-03 (work in
progress), March 2004.
Author's Address
Henning Schulzrinne
Columbia University
Department of Computer Science
450 Computer Science Building
New York, NY 10027
US
Phone: +1 212 939 7042
EMail: hgs+simple@cs.columbia.edu
URI: http://www.cs.columbia.edu
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Appendix A. Acknowledgments
Harald Alvestrand, Stefan Berger, Rohan Mahy and James Polk provided
helpful comments.
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