One document matched: draft-ietf-ccamp-gmpls-addressing-01.txt
Differences from draft-ietf-ccamp-gmpls-addressing-00.txt
Network Working Group Kohei Shiomoto (NTT)
Internet Draft Rajiv Papneja (ISOCORE)
Updates: 3473 Richard Rabbat (Fujitsu)
Proposed Category: Standards Track
Expires: December 2005 June 2005
Use of Addresses in Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching
(GMPLS) Networks
draft-ietf-ccamp-gmpls-addressing-01.txt
Status of this Memo
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Abstract
This document explains and clarifies the use of addresses in
Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS) networks. The aim
of this document is to facilitate and ensure better interworking of
GMPLS-capable Label Switching Routers (LSRs) based on experience
gained in deployments and interoperability testing and proper
interpretation of published RFCs.
The document recommends a proper approach for the interpretation and
choice of address and identifier fields within GMPLS protocols and
references specific control plane usage models. It also examines
some common GMPLS Resource Reservation Protocol-Traffic Engineering
(RSVP-TE) signaling message processing issues and recommends
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solutions. It finally discusses how to handle IPv6 sources and
destinations in the MPLS and GMPLS TE (Traffic Engineering) MIB
(Management Information Base) modules.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction.................................................... 3
2. Conventions Used in This Document............................... 4
3. Terminology..................................................... 4
4. Addressing in GMPLS Networks.................................... 5
5. Numbered Addressing............................................. 5
5.1. Interior Gateway Protocols.................................... 6
5.1.1. Router Address.............................................. 6
5.1.2. Link ID sub-TLV............................................. 7
5.1.3. Local Interface IP Address.................................. 7
5.1.4. Remote Interface IP Address................................. 7
5.2. Use of Addresses in RSVP-TE................................... 7
5.2.1. IP Tunnel End Point Address in Session Object............... 7
5.2.2. IP Tunnel Sender Address in Sender Template Object.......... 8
5.2.3. Extended Tunnel ID.......................................... 8
5.2.4. IF_ID RSVP_HOP Object for Numbered Interfaces............... 9
5.2.5. Explicit Route Object (ERO)................................. 9
5.2.6. Record Route Object (RRO)................................... 9
5.3. IP Packet Source Address...................................... 9
5.4. IP Packet Destination Address................................ 10
6. Unnumbered Addressing.......................................... 10
6.1. IGP.......................................................... 10
6.1.1. Link Local/Remote Identifiers in OSPF-TE................... 11
6.1.2. Link Local/Remote Identifiers in IS-IS/TE.................. 11
6.2. Use of Addresses in RSVP-TE.................................. 11
6.2.1. IF_ID RSVP_HOP Object for Unnumbered Interfaces............ 11
6.2.2. Explicit Route Object (ERO)................................ 11
6.3. Record Route Object (RRO).................................... 12
6.4. LSP_Tunnel Interface ID Object............................... 12
7. RSVP-TE Message Content........................................ 12
7.1. ERO and RRO Addresses........................................ 12
7.1.1. Strict Subobject in ERO.................................... 12
7.1.2. Loose Subobject in ERO..................................... 13
7.1.3. RRO........................................................ 13
7.2. Component Link Identification................................ 14
7.3. Forwarding Destination of Path Message with ERO.............. 15
8. GMPLS Control Plane............................................ 15
8.1. Control Channel Separation................................... 15
8.2. Native and Tunneled Control Plane............................ 15
8.3. Separation of Control and Data Plane Traffic................. 16
9. Addresses in the MPLS and GMPLS TE MIB Modules................. 16
9.1. Handling IPv6 Source and Destination Addresses............... 16
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9.1.1. Identifying LSRs........................................... 16
9.1.2. Configuring GMPLS Tunnels.................................. 16
9.2. Managing and Monitoring Tunnel Table Entries................. 17
9.3. Mixed IPv4 and IPv6 Source and Destination................... 18
10. Security Considerations....................................... 18
11. IANA Considerations........................................... 18
12. Full Copyright Statement ..................................... 19
13. Intellectual Property......................................... 19
14. Acknowledgement............................................... 19
15. Authors' Addresses............................................ 20
16. Contributors.................................................. 20
17. References.................................................... 21
17.1. Normative References........................................ 21
17.2. Informative References ..................................... 23
Changes from draft-ietf-ccamp-gmpls-addressing-00:
- Updated sections 5.2.1 and 5.2.2 based on consensus in the WG
- Moved common addressing text to new section 4
- Added text in section 5.2.2 to address FA LSP
- Integrated sections 4.2.3 and 5.2.1 as 7.2
- Added new section 5.2.3 on Extended Tunnel ID
- Integrated draft-davey-ccamp-gmpls-te-mib-ipv6-addr-00 in new
section 9
1. Introduction
This document explains and clarifies the use of addresses in networks
that use GMPLS [RFC3945] as their control plane. For the purposes of
this document it is assumed that there is a one-to-one correspondence
between control plane and data plane entities. That is, each data
plane switch has a unique control plane presence responsible for
participating in the GMPLS protocols, and that each such control
plane presence is responsible for a single data plane switch. The
combination of control plane and data plane entities is referred to
as a Label Switching Router (LSR). Various more complex deployment
scenarios can be constructed, but these are out of the scope of this
document.
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The document also covers the handling of IPv6 sources and
destinations in the MPLS and GMPLS TE (Traffic Engineering) MIB
(Management Information Base) modules.
Comments are solicited and should be addressed to the working group's
mailing list at ccamp@ops.ietf.org and/or the author(s).
2. Conventions Used in This Document
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119, reference
[RFC2119].
3. Terminology
Note that the term 'Router ID' is used in two contexts within GMPLS.
It may refer to an identifier for a participant in a routing
protocol, or it may be an identifier for an LSR that participates in
TE routing. These could be considered as the control plane and data
plane contexts.
In this document, the contexts are distinguished by the following
definitions.
Loopback address - A loopback address is a stable IP address of the
advertising router that is always reachable if there is any IP
connectivity to it [RFC3630]. Thus, for example, an IPv4 127/24
address is excluded from this definition.
TE Router ID - A stable IP address of an LSR that is always reachable
in the control plane if there is any IP connectivity to the LSR,
e.g., a loopback address. The most important requirement is that the
address does not become unusable if an interface on the LSR is down
[RFC3477].
Router ID - The OSPF protocol version 2 [RFC2328] defines the Router
ID to be a 32-bit network unique number assigned to each router
running OSPF. IS-IS [RFC1195] includes a similar concept in the
System ID. This document describes both concepts as the "Router ID"
of the router running the routing protocol. The Router ID is not
required to be a reachable IP address, although an operator MAY set
it to a reachable IP address on the same system.
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TE link - "A TE link is a representation in the IS-IS/OSPF Link State
advertisements and in the link state database of certain physical
resources, and their properties, between two GMPLS nodes." [RFC3945]
Data plane node - A vertex on the TE graph. It is a data plane
switch or router. Data plane nodes are connected by TE links which
are constructed from physical data links. A data plane node is
controlled through some combination of management and control plane
actions. A data plane node may be under full or partial control of a
control plane node.
Control plane node - A GMPLS protocol speaker. It may be part of a
data plane switch or may be a separate computer. Control plane nodes
are connected by control channels which are logical connectionless or
connection-oriented paths in the control plane. A control plane node
is responsible for controlling zero, one or more data plane nodes.
Interface ID - The Interface ID is defined in [RFC3477] and in
section 9.1 of [RFC3471].
TED - Traffic Engineering Database
LSR - Label Switching Router
FA - Forwarding Adjacency
4. Addressing in GMPLS Networks
Both numbered and unnumbered links in the control plane MAY be
supported. The control channels are advertised by the routing
protocol as normal links, which allows the routing of RSVP-TE and
other control messages between the LSRs over the control plane
network.
It is RECOMMENDED that both numbered and unnumbered links in the data
plane be supported.
Addressing for numbered and unnumbered links is described in sections
5 and 6 of this document respectively.
5. Numbered Addressing
When numbered addressing is used, addresses are assigned to each node
and link in both control and data planes in GMPLS networks. A TE
Router ID is defined to identify the LSR for TE purposes. It is a
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requirement stated in [RFC3477] that the TE Router ID MUST be a
reachable address in the control plane.
The reason why the TE Router ID must be a reachable IP address is
because in GMPLS, control and data plane names/addresses are not
completely separated. An Explicit Route Object (ERO) signaled as a
part of a Label Switched Path (LSP) setup message contains an LSP
path specified in data plane addresses, namely TE Router IDs and TE
link IDs. The message needs to be forwarded as an IP/RSVP packet
between LSRs that manage data plane nodes along the path. Hence,
each LSR along the path needs to resolve the next hop data plane
address into the next hop control plane address before the message
could be forwarded to the next hop. Generally speaking there is a
need for a module/protocol that discovers and manages control plane/
data plane address bindings for the address spaces to be completely
separated. In this case, the TE Router ID could be just a network
unique number. Mandating that TE Router ID be a reachable IP address
in the control plane eliminates the need for the above mentioned
module - the TE Router ID of the next hop in the data plane can be
used as the destination for IP packets encapsulating the LSP setup
(RSVP Path) message as described in section 5.4. Note that each TE
link ID can always be resolved to the TE Router ID of the originating
LSR by examining the Router Address TLV in the OSPF TE LSA, or the
Traffic Engineering router ID TLV in IS-IS (see section 5.1.1).
Alternatively, the GMPLS network MUST supply the binding between
control plane and data plane addresses. LMP [GMPLS-LMP] MAY be used
to provide such binding.
A physical interface address or a physical interface identifier is
assigned to each physical interface connected to the data plane. An
interface address or an interface identifier is logically assigned to
each TE link end associated with the physical data channel in the
GMPLS domain. A TE link may be installed as a logical interface.
A numbered link is identified by a network unique identifier (e.g.,
an IP address).
5.1. Interior Gateway Protocols
We address in this section numbered addressing using two Interior
Gateway Protocols (IGPs) that have extensions defined for GMPLS:
OSPF-TE and IS-IS/TE. The routing enhancements for GMPLS are defined
in [GMPLS-RTG], [RFC3784], [GMPLS-OSPF] and [GMPLS-ISIS].
5.1.1. Router Address
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The Router Address is advertised in OSPF-TE using the Router Address
TLV structure of the TE LSA [RFC3630].
In IS-IS/TE, this is referred to as the Traffic Engineering router
ID, which is carried in the advertised Traffic Engineering router ID
TLV [RFC3784].
The IGP protocols use this as a means to advertise the TE Router ID.
5.1.2. Link ID sub-TLV
The Link ID sub-TLV [RFC3630] advertises the Router ID of the remote
end of the TE link. For point-to-point links, this is the Router ID
of the neighbor. Multi-access links are left for further study.
Note that there is no correspondence in IS-IS to the Link ID sub-TLV
in OSPF-TE. Instead, IS-IS uses the extended IS reachability TLV
[RFC3784] to carry the System ID, which we have defined in section 3
as the Router ID for the purposes of this document.
5.1.3. Local Interface IP Address
The Local Interface IP Address is advertised in:
- the Local Interface IP Address sub-TLV in OSPF-TE
- the IPv4 Interface Address sub-TLV in IS-IS/TE
This is the ID of the local end of the numbered TE link. It MUST be
a network unique number. It does not need to be a routable address
in the control plane.
5.1.4. Remote Interface IP Address
The Remote Interface IP Address is advertised in:
- the Remote Interface IP Address sub-TLV in OSPF-TE
- the IPv4 Neighbor Address sub-TLV in IS-IS/TE
This is the ID of the remote end of the numbered TE link. It MUST be
a network unique number. It does not need to be a routable address
in the control plane.
5.2. Use of Addresses in RSVP-TE
5.2.1. IP Tunnel End Point Address in Session Object
The IP tunnel end point address of the Session Object [RFC3209] is
either an IPv4 or IPv6 address.
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It is RECOMMENDED that the IP tunnel endpoint address in the Session
Object be set to the TE Router ID of the egress since the TE Router
ID is a unique routable ID per node.
Alternatively, the tunnel end point address MAY be set to the
destination data plane address (i.e. the Remote Interface IP Address)
if the ingress knows that address.
5.2.2. IP Tunnel Sender Address in Sender Template Object
The IP tunnel sender address of the Sender Template Object [RFC3209]
is either an IPv4 or IPv6 address.
When an LSP is being set up that will not be used to form an FA, it
is RECOMMENDED that the IP tunnel sender address in the Sender
Template Object specifies the TE Router ID of the ingress LSR since
the TE Router ID is a unique, routable ID per node.
Alternatively, the tunnel sender address MAY be set to the sender
data plane address (i.e. Local Interface IP Address).
Note that when an LSP is intended to be used to support an FA, the
sender address SHOULD be set to the address that will be assigned to
the local end of the TE link (this is a data plane address that will
be advertised as the Local Interface IP Address) [MPLS-HIER].
5.2.3. Extended Tunnel ID
As described in [RFC 3209], the Extended Tunnel ID in the Session
Object is normally set to all zeros. Ingress nodes that wish to
narrow the scope of a SESSION to the ingress-egress pair may place
their IPv4 address here as a globally unique identifier.
This specification allows any IPv4 address of the ingress. While
this is functional from the perspective of restricting the scope of
the SESSION it does not allow any other LSR in the network to deduce
anything from the value of this field.
This document modifies [RFC 3209] to specify that the Extended Tunnel
ID in the session object MUST be set to all zeros, or to the TE
Router ID of the ingress.
When an LSP is signaled for use as an FA and the FA will be numbered,
the Sender Address in the Sender Template is set to the address of
the FA at the ingress. This means that the identity of the ingress
cannot be immediately determined from the Sender Template because the
FA has not been advertised through routing. The TE Router ID carried
in the Extended Tunnel ID can be used to identify the ingress of the
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FA, to enable easy correlation of the LSP with the advertised FA, and
to allow the reverse direction FA to be advertised at once.
5.2.4. IF_ID RSVP_HOP Object for Numbered Interfaces
1. IPv4/IPv6 Next/Previous Hop Address: The IPv4/IPv6 Next/Previous
Hop Address in the IF ID RSVP HOP Object [RFC3473] in the Path
and Resv messages specifies the IP reachable address of the
control plane interface used to send those messages, or the TE
Router ID of the node that is sending those messages.
2. IPv4/IPv6 address in Value Field of the Interface_ID TLV: In both
the Path and Resv messages, the IPv4/IPv6 address in the value
field of the Interface ID TLV in the IF ID RSVP HOP Object
[RFC3471] specifies the associated data plane local interface
address of the downstream data channel belonging to the node
sending the Path message and receiving the Resv message.
We describe in section 7.2 the case of a bundled link.
5.2.5. Explicit Route Object (ERO)
The IPv4/IPv6 address in the ERO provides a data-plane identifier of
an abstract node, TE node or TE link to be part of the signaled LSP.
We describe in section 7 the choice of addresses in the ERO.
5.2.6. Record Route Object (RRO)
The IPv4/IPv6 address in the RRO provides a data-plane identifier of
either a TE node or TE link that is part of the established LSP.
We describe in section 7 the choice of addresses in the RRO.
5.3. IP Packet Source Address
The IP packet source address is either an IPv4 or IPv6 address.
The IPv4 or IPv6 source address of the packet that carries the RSVP-
TE message MUST be a reachable address of the node sending the RSVP-
TE message. It is RECOMMENDED that a stable IPv4 or IPv6 address of
the node be used as a source address of the IP packet.
In case the source address of the received IP packet containing the
Path message is used as the destination address of the Resv message
(see section 4.4), setting a stable IPv4 or IPv6 address in the Path
message is beneficial for reliable control-plane transmission. This
allows for robustness when one of control-plane interfaces is down.
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5.4. IP Packet Destination Address
The IP packet destination address is either an IPv4 or IPv6 address.
The IP destination address of the packet that carries the RSVP-TE
message is a control-plane reachable address of the next hop or
previous hop node along the LSP.
A Path message is sent to the next hop node. It is RECOMMENDED that
a stable IPv4 or IPv6 address of the next hop node be used as the IP
destination address of the packet that carries the RSVP-TE message.
This address MAY be the TE Router ID of the next hop node or a
reachable next-hop (stable) IPv4 or IPv6 address.
A Resv message is sent to the previous hop node. It is RECOMMENDED
that the IPv4 or IPv6 destination of a Resv message be any of the
following:
- The IPv4 or IPv6 source address of the received IP packet
containing the Path message,
- A stable IPv4 or IPv6 address of the previous node (found by
consulting the TED and referencing the upstream data plane
interface),
- The value in the received PHOP Object field.
6. Unnumbered Addressing
In this section, we describe unnumbered addressing used in GMPLS to
refer to different objects and their significance. Unnumbered
addressing is supported for a data plane.
An unnumbered link is identified by the combination of TE Router ID
and a node-unique Interface ID.
Section 5.1.1 describes how a TE Router ID is advertised. The TE
Router ID is used in addition to the node-unique Interface ID to
identify an unnumbered link in the data plane. In more complex
implementation scenarios where an IGP router advertises TE link
information for more than one LSR, the Router ID cannot be used to
identify the unnumbered link as it does not uniquely identify the
LSR, while on the other hand the TE Router ID uniquely identifies the
LSR.
6.1. IGP
We address in this section unnumbered addressing using OSPF-TE and
IS-IS/TE.
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6.1.1. Link Local/Remote Identifiers in OSPF-TE
Link Local and Link Remote Identifiers are carried in OSPF using a
single sub-TLV of the Link TLV [GMPLS-OSPF]. They advertise the IDs
of an unnumbered TE link's local and remote ends respectively. Link
Local/Remote Identifiers are numbers unique within the scopes of the
advertising LSR and the LSR managing the remote end of the link
respectively [RFC3477]. Note that these numbers are not network
unique and therefore cannot be used as TE link end addresses on their
own. An unnumbered TE link end network-wide identifier is comprised
of a TE Router ID associated with the link local end, followed by the
link local identifier [RFC3477].
6.1.2. Link Local/Remote Identifiers in IS-IS/TE
The Link Local and Link Remote Identifiers are carried in IS-IS using
a single sub-TLV of the extended IS reachability TLV. Link
identifiers are exchanged in the Extended Local Circuit ID field of
the "Point-to-Point Three-Way Adjacency" IS-IS Option type [GMPLS-
ISIS]. The same discussion in 6.1.1 applies here.
6.2. Use of Addresses in RSVP-TE
An unnumbered address used for data plane identification consists of
the TE Router ID and the associated interface ID.
6.2.1. IF_ID RSVP_HOP Object for Unnumbered Interfaces
The interface ID field in the IF_INDEX TLV specifies the interface of
the data channel for that unnumbered interface.
In both the Path message and the Resv message, the value of the
interface ID in the IF_INDEX TLV specifies the associated local
interface ID of the downstream data channel belonging to the node
sending the Path message and receiving the Resv message.
We describe in section 7.2 the case of a bundled link.
6.2.2. Explicit Route Object (ERO)
For unnumbered interfaces in the ERO, the interface ID is either the
incoming or outgoing interface of the TE link with respect to the
GMPLS-capable LSR.
We describe in section 7 the choice of addresses in the ERO.
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6.3. Record Route Object (RRO)
For unnumbered interfaces in the RRO, the interface ID is either the
incoming or outgoing interface of the TE link with respect to the
GMPLS-capable LSR.
We describe in section 7 the choice of addresses in the RRO.
6.4. LSP_Tunnel Interface ID Object
The LSP_TUNNEL_INTERFACE_ID Object includes the LSR's Router ID and
Interface ID as described in [RFC3477] to specify an unnumbered
Forward Adjacency Interface ID. The Router ID of the GMPLS-capable
LSR MUST be set to the TE Router ID.
7. RSVP-TE Message Content
7.1. ERO and RRO Addresses
7.1.1. Strict Subobject in ERO
Implementations making limited assumptions about the content of an
ERO when processing a received Path message may cause
interoperability issues.
A subobject in the Explicit Route Object (ERO) includes an address
specifying an abstract node (i.e., a group of nodes), a simple
abstract node (i.e., a specific node), or a specific interface of a
TE link in the data plane, depending on the level of control required
[RFC3209].
In case one subobject is strict, any of the following options are
valid:
1. Address or AS number specifying a group of nodes
2. TE Router ID
3. Incoming TE link ID
4. Outgoing TE link ID optionally followed by one or two Label
subobjects
5. Incoming TE link ID and Outgoing TE link ID optionally followed by
one or two Label subobjects
6. TE Router ID and Outgoing TE link ID optionally followed by one or
two Label subobjects
7. Incoming TE link ID, TE Router ID and Outgoing TE link ID
optionally followed by one or two Label subobjects
The label value that identifies a single unidirectional resource
between two nodes may be different from the perspective of upstream
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and downstream nodes. This is typical in the case of fiber
switching, because the label value is a number indicating the
port/fiber. This is also possible in case of lambda switching,
because the label value is a number indicating the lambda, but may
not be the value directly indicating the wavelength value (e.g., 1550
nm).
The value of a label in RSVP-TE object MUST indicate the value from
the perspective of the sender of the object/TLV [RFC3471]. This rule
MUST be applied to all types of object/TLV.
Therefore, the label field in the Label ERO subobject MUST include
the value of the label for the upstream node's identification of the
resource.
7.1.2. Loose Subobject in ERO
There are two differences between Loose and Strict subobject.
A subobject marked as a loose hop in an ERO MUST NOT be followed by a
subobject indicating a label value [RFC3473].
A subobject marked as a loose hop in an ERO SHOULD never include an
identifier (i.e., address or ID) of outgoing interface.
There is no way to specify in the ERO whether a subobject is
associated with the incoming or outgoing TE link. This is
unfortunate because the address specified in a loose subobject is
used as a target for the path computation, and there is a big
difference for the path selection process whether the intention is to
reach the target node over the specified link (the case of incoming
TE link) or to reach the node over some other link, so that it would
be possible to continue the path to its final destination over the
specified link (the case of outgoing TE link).
In the case where a subobject in an ERO is marked as a loose hop and
identifies an interface, the subobject SHOULD include the address of
the Incoming interface specifying the TE link in the data plane.
7.1.3. RRO
When a node adds one or more subobjects to an RRO and sends the Path
or the Resv message including the RRO for the purpose of recording
the node's addresses used for an LSP, the subobjects (i.e. number,
each type, and each content) added by the node SHOULD be the same in
the Path RRO and Resv RRO. The intention is that they report the
path of the LSP, and that the operator can use the results
consistently. At any transit node, it SHOULD be possible to
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construct the path of the LSP by joining together the RRO from the
Path and the Resv messages.
It is also important that a whole RRO on a received Resv message can
be used as input to an ERO on a Path message.
Therefore, in case that a node adds one or more subobjects to an RRO,
any of the following options are valid:
1. TE Router ID
2. Incoming TE link ID
3. Outgoing TE link ID optionally followed by one or two Label
subobjects
4. Incoming TE link ID and Outgoing TE link ID optionally followed by
one or two Label subobjects
5. TE Router ID and Outgoing TE link ID optionally followed by one or
two Label subobjects
6. Incoming TE link ID, TE Router ID and Outgoing TE link ID
optionally followed by one or two Label subobjects
Option (4) is RECOMMENDED considering the importance of the record
route information to the operator.
7.2. Component Link Identification
When using a bundled link for a data channel, a component link
identifier is specified in the Interface Identification TLV in the
IF_ID RSVP_HOP Object in order to fully specify the resource. The
Interface Identification TLV is IF_INDEX TLV (Type 3) in the case of
an unnumbered component link and IPv4 TLV (Type 1) or IPv6 TLV (Type
2) in the case of a numbered component link.
A component link for the upstream data channel may differ from that
for the downstream data channel in the case of a bi-directional
LSP. In this case, the Interface Identification TLV specifying a
downstream interface is followed by another Interface Identification
TLV specifying an upstream interface.
Note that identifiers in TLVs for upstream and downstream data
channels in both sent Path and received Resv messages are specified
from the viewpoint of a node sending the Path message and receiving
the Resv message, using the identifiers belonging to the node.
The interface identifier in ERO and RRO SHOULD specify the identifier
of the bundled link, but not the component link, in case of a bundled
link. This is because information about the bundled link is flooded,
but information about the component links is not. Alternatively, a
component link identifier MAY be recorded in the RRO because it might
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provide useful information for a fault diagnosis tool, and it also
MAY be included in the ERO in order to specify one component link for
a specific reason.
7.3. Forwarding Destination of Path Message with ERO
The final destination of the Path message is the Egress node that is
specified by the tunnel end point address in the Session object.
The Egress node MUST NOT forward the corresponding Path message
downstream, even if the ERO includes the outgoing interface ID of the
Egress node for the Egress control [RFC4003].
8. GMPLS Control Plane
8.1. Control Channel Separation
In GMPLS, a control channel can be separated from the data channel
and there is not necessarily a one-to-one association of a control
channel to a data channel. Two adjacent nodes in the data plane may
have multiple IP hops between them in the control plane.
There are two broad types of separated control planes: native and
tunneled. These differ primarily in the nature of encapsulation used
for signaling messages, which also results in slightly different
address handling with respect to the control plane address.
8.2. Native and Tunneled Control Plane
It is RECOMMENDED that all implementations support a native control
plane.
If the control plane interface is unnumbered, the RECOMMENDED value
for the control plane address is the TE Router-ID.
For the case where two adjacent nodes have multiple IP hops between
them in the control plane, then as stated in section 9 of [RFC3945],
implementations SHOULD use the mechanisms of section 8.1.1 of [MPLS-
HIER] whether they use LSP Hierarchy or not. Note that section 8.1.1
of [MPLS-HIER] applies to an "FA-LSP" as stated in that section but
also to a "TE link" for the case where a normal TE link is used.
Note also that a hop MUST NOT decrement the TTL of the received RSVP-
TE message.
For a tunneled control plane, the inner RSVP-TE and IP messages
traverse exactly one IP hop. The IP TTL of the outermost IP header
SHOULD be the same as for any network message sent on that network.
Implementations receiving RSVP-TE messages on the tunnel interface
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MUST NOT compare the RSVP-TE TTL to either of the IP TTLs received.
Implementations MAY set the RSVP-TE TTL to be the same as the IP TTL
in the innermost IP header.
8.3. Separation of Control and Data Plane Traffic
Data traffic MUST NOT be transmitted through the control plane. This
is crucial when attempting PSC (Packet-Switching Capable) GMPLS with
separated control and data channels.
9. Addresses in the MPLS and GMPLS TE MIB Modules
This section defines a method of defining or monitoring an LSP tunnel
using the MPLS TE MIB module [RFC3812] and GMPLS TE MIB module
[GMPLS-TEMIB] where the ingress and/or egress routers are identified
using 128-bit IPv6 addresses. That is, where the
mplsTunnelIngressLSRId and mplsTunnelEgressLSRId objects in the
mplsTunnelTable [RFC3812] cannot be used to carry the tunnel end
point address and Extended Tunnel Id fields from the signaled Session
Object because the IPv6 variant (LSP_TUNNEL_IPv6_SESSION object) is
in use.
9.1. Handling IPv6 Source and Destination Addresses
9.1.1. Identifying LSRs
For this feature to be used, all LSRs in the network MUST advertise a
32-bit value that can be used to identify the LSR. In this document,
this is referred to as the 32-bit router ID. The 32-bit router ID
may be, for example, the OSPFv3 router ID [RFC2740] or the ISIS IPv4
TE Router ID [RFC3784].
9.1.2. Configuring GMPLS Tunnels
When setting up RSVP TE tunnels, it is common practice to copy the
values of the mplsTunnelIngressLSRId and mplsTunnelEgressLSRId fields
in the MPLS TE MIB mplsTunnelTable [RFC3812] into the Extended Tunnel
ID and IPv4 tunnel end point address fields, respectively, in the
RSVP-TE LSP_TUNNEL_IPv4 SESSION object [RFC3209].
This approach cannot be used when the ingress and egress routers are
identified by 128-bit IPv6 addresses as the mplsTunnelIngressLSRId
and mplsTunnelEgressLSRId fields are defined to be 32-bit values
[RFC3811] and [RFC3812].
Instead, the IPv6 addresses SHOULD be configured in the mplsHopTable
as the first and last hops of the mplsTunnelHopTable entries defining
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the explicit route for the tunnel. Note that this implies that a
tunnel with IPv6 source and destination addresses MUST have an
explicit route configured, although it should be noted that the
configuration of an explicit route in this way does not imply that an
explicit route will be signaled.
In more detail, the tunnel is configured at the ingress router as
follows. See [RFC3812] for definitions of MIB table objects and for
default (that is, "normal") behavior.
The mplsTunnelIndex and mplsTunnelInstance fields are set as normal.
The mplsTunnelIngressLSRId and mplsTunnelEgressLSRId fields SHOULD be
set to 32-bit router IDs for ingress and egress LSR respectively.
The mplsTunnelHopTableIndex MUST be set to a non-zero value. That
is, an explicit route MUST be specified.
The first hop of the explicit route MUST have mplsTunnelHopAddrType
field set to ipv6(2) and SHOULD have the mplsTunnelHopIpAddr field
set to a global scope IPv6 address of the ingress router that is
reachable in the control plane.
The last hop of the explicit route MUST have mplsTunnelHopAddrType
field set to ipv6(2) and SHOULD have the mplsTunnelHopIpAddr field
set to a global scope IPv6 address of the egress router that is
reachable in the control plane.
The ingress router SHOULD set the signaled values of the Extended
Tunnel ID and IPv6 tunnel end point address fields, respectively, of
the RSVP-TE LSP_TUNNEL_IPv6 SESSION object [RFC3209] from the
mplsTunnelHopIpAddr object of the first and last hops in the
configured explicit route.
9.2. Managing and Monitoring Tunnel Table Entries
The TE MIB module may be used for managing and monitoring MPLS and
GMPLS TE LSPs, as well as configuring them as described in section
8.2. This function is particularly important at egress and transit
LSRs.
For a tunnel with IPv6 source and destination addresses, an LSR
implementation SHOULD return values in the mplsTunnelTable as follows
(where "normal" behavior is the default taken from [RFC3812]).
The mplsTunnelIndex and mplsTunnelInstance fields are set as normal.
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The mplsTunnelIngressLSRId field and mplsTunnelEgressLSRId are set to
32-bit router IDs. That is, each transit and egress router maps from
the IPv6 address in the Extended Tunnel ID field to the 32-bit router
ID of the ingress LSR. Each transit router also maps from the IPv6
address in the IPv6 tunnel end point address field to the 32-bit
router ID of the egress LSR.
9.3. Mixed IPv4 and IPv6 Source and Destination
This section has focused on the case where both ingress and egress
are identified by IPv6 addresses. It is also possible that only one
of the two addresses comes from the IPv6 space. In this case only
the text applying to the ingress or egress (as appropriate) should be
applied.
10. Security Considerations
In the interoperability testing we conducted, the major issue we
found was the use of control channels for forwarding data. This was
due to the setting of both control and data plane addresses to the
same value in PSC (Packet-Switching Capable) equipment. This
occurred when attempting to test PSC GMPLS with separated control and
data channels. What resulted instead were parallel interfaces with
the same addresses. This could be avoided simply by keeping the
addresses for the control and data plane separate.
11. IANA Considerations
This document defines no new code points and requires no action from
IANA.
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12. Full Copyright Statement
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2005).
This document is subject to the rights, licenses and restrictions
contained in BCP 78, and except as set forth therein, the authors
retain all their rights.
This document and the information contained herein are provided on an
"AS IS" basis and THE CONTRIBUTOR, THE ORGANIZATION HE/SHE REPRESENTS
OR IS SPONSORED BY (IF ANY), THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET
ENGINEERING TASK FORCE DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED,
INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE
INFORMATION HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
13. Intellectual Property
The IETF takes no position regarding the validity or scope of any
Intellectual Property Rights or other rights that might be claimed to
pertain to the implementation or use of the technology described in
this document or the extent to which any license under such rights
might or might not be available; nor does it represent that it has
made any independent effort to identify any such rights. Information
on the procedures with respect to rights in RFC documents can be
found in BCP 78 and BCP 79.
Copies of IPR disclosures made to the IETF Secretariat and any
assurances of licenses to be made available, or the result of an
attempt made to obtain a general license or permission for the use of
such proprietary rights by implementers or users of this
specification can be obtained from the IETF on-line IPR repository at
http://www.ietf.org/ipr.
The IETF invites any interested party to bring to its attention any
copyrights, patents or patent applications, or other proprietary
rights that may cover technology that may be required to implement
this standard. Please address the information to the IETF at ietf-
ipr@ietf.org.
14. Acknowledgement
The authors would like to thank Adrian Farrel for the helpful
discussions and the feedback he gave on the document. In addition,
Jonathan Sadler, Hidetsugu Sugiyama, Deborah Brungard and Dimitri
Papadimitriou provided helpful comments.
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15. Authors' Addresses
Kohei Shiomoto
NTT Network Service Systems Laboratories
3-9-11 Midori
Musashino, Tokyo 180-8585
Japan
Email: shiomoto.kohei@lab.ntt.co.jp
Rajiv Papneja
Isocore Corporation
12359 Sunrise Valley Drive, Suite 100
Reston, Virginia 20191
United States of America
Phone: +1-703-860-9273
Email: rpapneja@isocore.com
Richard Rabbat
Fujitsu Laboratories of America
1240 East Arques Ave, MS 345
Sunnyvale, CA 94085
United States of America
Phone: +1-408-530-4537
Email: richard@us.fujitsu.com
16. Contributors
Alan Davey
Data Connection Ltd
Phone: +44 20 8366 1177
Email: Alan.Davey@dataconnection.com
Yumiko Kawashima
NTT Network Service Systems Lab
Email: kawashima.yumiko@lab.ntt.co.jp
Thomas D. Nadeau
Cisco Systems, Inc.
300 Apollo Drive
Chelmsford, MA 01824
Phone: +1-978-244-3051
Email: tnadeau@cisco.com
Ashok Narayanan
Cisco Systems, Inc.
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Email: ashokn@cisco.com
Eiji Oki
NTT Network Service Systems Laboratories
Midori 3-9-11
Musashino, Tokyo 180-8585, Japan
Email: oki.eiji@lab.ntt.co.jp
Lyndon Ong
Ciena Corporation
Email: lyong@ciena.com
Vijay Pandian
Sycamore Networks
Email: Vijay.Pandian@sycamorenet.com
Hari Rakotoranto
Cisco Systems
Email: hrakotor@cisco.com
17. References
17.1. Normative References
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels," BCP 14, IETF RFC 2119, March
1997.
[RFC2328] Moy, J., "OSPF Version 2," RFC 2328, April 1998.
[RFC3209] Awduche, D., et al, "RSVP-TE: Extensions to RSVP for
LSP Tunnels," RFC 3209, December 2001.
[RFC3471] Berger, L., ed., "Generalized Multi-Protocol Label
Switching (GMPLS) Signaling Functional Description,"
RFC 3471, January 2003.
[RFC3473] Berger, L., ed. "Generalized Multi-Protocol Label
Switching (GMPLS) Signaling Resource ReserVation
Protocol-Traffic Engineering (RSVP-TE) Extensions,"
RFC 3473, January 2003.
[RFC3477] Kompella, K., Rekhter, Y., "Signalling Unnumbered
Links in Resource ReSerVation Protocol - Traffic
Engineering (RSVP-TE)," RFC 3477, January 2003.
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[RFC3630] Katz, D., Kompella, K. et al., "Traffic Engineering
(TE) Extensions to OSPF Version 2," RFC 3630,
September 2003.
[RFC3667] Bradner, S., "IETF Rights in Contributions", BCP 78,
IETF RFC 3667, February 2004.
[RFC3668] Bradner, S., "Intellectual Property Rights in IETF
Technology", BCP 79, IETF RFC 3668, February 2004.
[RFC3811] Nadeau, T. and J. Cucchiara, (Eds.), "Definitions of
Textual Conventions (TCs) for Multiprotocol Label
Switching (MPLS) Management", IETF RFC 3812, June
2004.
[RFC3812] Srinivasan, C., Viswanathan, A. and Nadeau, T.,
"Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) Traffic
Engineering (TE) Management Information Base (MIB)",
IETF RFC 3812, June 2004.
[RFC3945] Mannie, E., ed., "Generalized Multi-Protocol Label
Switching (GMPLS) Architecture," RFC 3945, October
2004.
[RFC4003] Berger, L., "GMPLS Signaling Procedure for Egress
Control," RFC 4003, February 2005.
[GMPLS-OSPF] Kompella, K. and Y. Rekhter (Eds.), "OSPF Extensions
in Support of Generalized Multi-protocol Label
Switching," work in progress, draft-ietf-ccamp-ospf-
gmpls-extensions-12.txt, October 2003.
[GMPLS-RTG] Kompella, K. and Y. Rekhter (Eds.), "Routing
Extensions in Support of Generalized Multi-protocol
Label Switching," work in progress, draft-ietf-ccamp-
gmpls-routing-09.txt, October 2003.
[GMPLS-TEMIB] Nadeau, T. and A. Farrel (Eds.), "Generalized
Multiprotocol Label Switching (GMPLS) Traffic
Engineering Management Information Base," work in
progress, draft-ietf-ccamp-gmpls-te-mib-09.txt, June
2005.
[MPLS-HIER] Kompella, K. and Y. Rekhter, "LSP Hierarchy with
Generalized MPLS TE," work in progress, draft-ietf-
mpls-lsp-hierarchy-08.txt, March 2002.
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17.2. Informative References
[RFC1195] Callon, R., "Use of OSI IS-IS for Routing in TCP/IP
and Dual Environments," RFC 1195, December 1990.
[RFC2740] Coltun, R., Ferguson, D. and J. Moy, "OSPF for IPv6,"
RFC 2740, April 1998.
[RFC3784] Smit, H. and T. Li, "Intermediate System to
Intermediate System (IS-IS) Extensions for Traffic
Engineering (TE)," RFC 3784, June 2004.
[GMPLS-ISIS] Kompella, K. and Y. Rekhter (Eds.), "IS-IS Extensions
in Support of Generalized Multi-Protocol Label
Switching," work in progress, draft-ietf-isis-gmpls-
extensions-19.txt, October 2003.
[GMPLS-LMP] Lang, J. (Ed.), "Link Management Protocol (LMP)," work
in progress, draft-ietf-ccamp-lmp-10.txt, October
2003.
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