One document matched: draft-ietf-behave-address-format-01.txt
Differences from draft-ietf-behave-address-format-00.txt
Network Working Group C. Huitema
Internet-Draft Microsoft Corporation
Obsoletes: 2765 (if approved) C. Bao
Intended status: Standards Track CERNET Center/Tsinghua University
Expires: April 29, 2010 M. Bagnulo
UC3M
M. Boucadair
France Telecom
X. Li
CERNET Center/Tsinghua University
October 26, 2009
IPv6 Addressing of IPv4/IPv6 Translators
draft-ietf-behave-address-format-01.txt
Status of this Memo
This Internet-Draft is submitted to IETF in full conformance with the
provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
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This Internet-Draft will expire on April 29, 2010.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2009 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved.
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
Provisions Relating to IETF Documents in effect on the date of
publication of this document (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info).
Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights
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and restrictions with respect to this document.
Abstract
This document discusses how an individual IPv6 address can be
algorithmically translated to a corresponding IPv4 address, and vice
versa, using only statically configured information. This technique
is used in IPv4/IPv6 translators, as well as other types of proxies
and gateways (e.g., for DNS) used in IPv4/IPv6 scenarios.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.1. Applicability Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.2. Notations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2. IPv4 Embedded IPv6 Address Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3. Deployment Guidelines and Choices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.1. Deployment Using the Well Known Prefix . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.2. Impact on Inter-Domain Routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3.3. Choice of Prefix for Stateless Translation Deployments . . 6
3.4. Choice of Prefix for Stateful Translation Deployments . . 8
3.5. Choice of Suffix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
3.6. Choice of the Well Known Prefix . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
4. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
4.1. Protection Against Spoofing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
4.2. Secure Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
5. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
6. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
7. Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
8. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
8.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
8.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
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1. Introduction
This document is part of a series of IPv4/IPv6 translation documents.
A framework for IPv4/IPv6 translation is discussed in
[I-D.ietf-behave-v6v4-framework], including a taxonomy of scenarios
that will be used in this document. Other documents specify the
behavior of various types of translators and gateways, including
mechanisms for translating between IP headers and other types of
messages that include IP addresses. This document specifies how an
individual IPv6 address is translated to a corresponding IPv4
address, and vice versa, in cases where an algorithmic mapping is
used. While specific types of devices are used herein as examples,
it is the responsibility of the specification of such devices to
reference this document for algorithmic mapping of the addresses
themselves.
Section 2 of this document describes the format of "IPv4 Embedded
IPv6 addresses", i.e. IPv6 addresses in which 32 bits contains an
IPv4 address. These addresses can be used to represent IPv4 hosts to
hosts in an IPv6 network. IPv6 addresses assigned to IPv6 hosts for
use with stateless translation are referred to as "IPv4-translatable"
IPv6 addresses; they are a variant of embedded addresses, and follow
the format described in Section 2.
Section 3 discusses the choice of prefixes, the use of a well known
prefix, and the use of embedded addresses with stateless and stateful
translation.
1.1. Applicability Scope
This document is part of a series defining address translation
services. We understand that the address format could also be used
by other interconnection methods between IPv6 and IPv4, e.g. methods
based on encapsulation. If the WG so decides, a future version of
this document could also discuss the use of embedded addresses and
prefixes for interconnection of IPv6 and IPv4 based on encapsulation.
1.2. Notations
In this document, an "IPv4/IPv6 translator" is an entity that
translates IPv4 packets to IPv6 packets, and vice versa. It may do
"stateless" translation, meaning that there is no per-flow state
required, or "stateful" translation where per-flow state is created
when the first packet in a flow is received.
In this document, an "address translator" is any entity that has to
derive an IPv4 address from an IPv6 address or vice versa. This
applies not only to devices that do IPv4/IPv6 packet translation, but
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also to other entities that manipulate addresses, such as name
resolution proxies (e.g., DNS64 [I-D.bagnulo-behave-dns64]) and
possibly other types of Application Layer Gateways (ALGs).
In this document, the "Well Known Prefix" is an IPv6 prefix assigned
by IANA for use in an algorithmic mapping. Options for the actual
allocation of the Well Known Prefix are discussed in Section 3.6.
In this document, a "Network Specific Prefix" is an IPv6 prefix
assigned by an organization for use in algorithmic mapping. Options
for the Network Specific Prefix are discussed in Section 3.3 and 3.4.
2. IPv4 Embedded IPv6 Address Format
IPv4 Embedded IPv6 Addresses are composed of a variable length
prefix, the embedded IPv4 address, and a variable length suffix, as
presented in the following diagram:
+----+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
|PLEN| 0-------------32--40--48--56--64--72--80--88--96--104-112-120-127-|
+----+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
|/32 | prefix |v4(32) | u | suffix |
+----+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
|/40 | prefix |v4(24) | u |(8)| suffix |
+----+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
|/48 | prefix |v4(16) | u | (16) | suffix |
+----+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
|/56 | prefix |(8)| u | v4(24) | suffix |
+----+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
|/64 | prefix | u | v4(32) | suffix |
+----+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
|/96 | prefix | v4(32) |
+----+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
In these addresses, the prefix shall be either the "Well Known
Prefix" defined in the addressing architecture to represent IPv4
mapped addresses, or a "Network Specific Prefix" unique to the
organization deploying the address translators. (Options for the
well known prefix are discussed in Section 3.6.)
Various deployments justify different prefix lengths. The tradeoff
between different prefix lengths are discussed in Sections 3.3 and
3.4 of this document.
Bits 64 to 71 of the address are reserved for compatibility with the
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host identifier format defined in the IPv6 addressing architecture.
These bits MUST be set to zero. The corresponding octet is noted "u"
in the above diagram. When using a 96 prefix, the administrators
MUST ensure that the bits 64 to 71 are compatible with the IPv6
addressing architecture.
The IPv4 address is encoded following the prefix, most significant
bits first. Depending of the prefix length, the 4 octets of the
address may be separated by the reserved octet "u". In particular:
o When the prefix is 32 bit long, the IPv4 address is encoded in
positions 32 to 63.
o When the prefix is 40 bit long, 24 bits of the IPv4 address are
encoded in positions 40 to 63, with the remaining 8 bits in
position 72 to 79.
o When the prefix is 48 bit long, 16 bits of the IPv4 address are
encoded in positions 48 to 63, with the remaining 8 bits in
position 72 to 87.
o When the prefix is 56 bit long, 8 bits of the IPv4 address are
encoded in positions 56 to 63, with the remaining 8 bits in
position 72 to 95.
o When the prefix is 64 bit long, the IPv4 address is encoded in
positions 72 to 103.
o When the prefix is 96 bit long, the IPv4 address is encoded in
positions 96 to 127.
There are no remaining bits, and thus no suffix, if the prefix is 96
bit long. In the other cases, the remaining bits of the address
constitute the suffix. These bits are reserved for future
extensions, and should be set to a null value. (Different options
for the suffix as discussed in Section 3.5.)
3. Deployment Guidelines and Choices
3.1. Deployment Using the Well Known Prefix
The Well Known Prefix MAY be used by organizations deploying
translation services.
The Well Known Prefix SHOULD NOT be used to construct IPv4
translatable addresses. The host served by IPv4 translatable
addresses should be able to receive IPv6 traffic bound to their IPv4
translatable address without incurring intermediate protocol
translation. This is only possible if the specific prefix used to
build the translatable addresses is advertized in inter-domain
routing, and this kind of specific prefix advertisement is not
supported with the Well Known Prefix, as explained in Section 3.2.
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The Well Known Prefix MUST NOT be used to represent non global IPv4
addresses, such as those defined in RFC 1918. Doing so would
introduce ambiguous IPv6 address.
3.2. Impact on Inter-Domain Routing
The Well Known Prefix MAY appear in inter-domain routing tables, if
service providers decide to provide IPv6-IPv4 interconnection
services to peers. Advertisement of the Well Known Prefix SHOULD be
controlled either by upstream and/or downstream service providers
owing to inter-domain routing policies, e.g., through configuration
of BGP. Organizations that advertize the Well Known Prefix in inter-
domain routing MUST be able to provide address translation service.
When the translation relies on the Well Known Prefix, IPv4-mapped
IPv6 prefixes longer than the Well Known Prefix MUST NOT be
advertised in BGP (especially e-BGP) [rfc4271] because this imports
IPv4 routing table into IPv6 one and therefore induces scalability
issues to the global IPv6 routing table. Adjacent BGP speakers MUST
ignore advertisements of IPv4-mapped IPv6 prefixes longer than the
Well Known Prefix. BGP speakers SHOULD be able to be configured with
the default Well Known Prefix.
When the translation service relies on Network Specific Prefixes, the
global IPv6 routing policy guideline MUST be followed. In
particular, if stateless translation is used, the IPv4-translatable
addresses MUST be advertised with proper aggregation to the IPv6
Internet. Similarly, if translators are configured with multiple
Network Specific Prefixes, these prefixes MUST be advertised to the
IPv6 Internet with proper aggregation.
3.3. Choice of Prefix for Stateless Translation Deployments
Organization may deploy translation services using stateless
translation. In these deployments, internal IPv6 hosts are addressed
using "IPv4 translatable" IPv6 addresses, which enable them to be
accessed by IPv4 hosts. The addresses of these external hosts are
represented in "IPv4 Embedded" IPv6 addresses.
Organizations deploying stateless translation SHOULD assign a Network
Specific Prefix to their translation service. Both "IPv4
translatable" and "IPv4 Embedded" MUST be constructed as specified in
section 2. "IPv4 translatable" addresses MUST use the selected
Network Specific Prefix. Both types of addresses SHOULD use the same
prefix. Using the same prefix ensures that internal IPv6 hosts will
use the most efficient paths to reach the hosts served by "IPv4
translatable" addresses.
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The intra-domain routing protocol must be able to deliver packets to
the hosts served by "IPv4 translatable" addresses. This may require
routing on some or all of the embedded IPv4 address bits. Security
considerations detailed in the security section requires that routers
check the validity of the "IPv4 translatable" source addresses, using
some form of reverse path check.
Forwarding, and reverse path checks, should be performed on the
combination of the "prefix" and the IPv4 address. In theory, routers
should be able to route on prefixes of any length. However, there is
some suspicion that routing on prefixes larger than 64 bit may be
slower, or possibly not supported by some router. But routing
efficiency is not the only consideration in the choice of a prefix
length. Organization also need to consider the availability of
prefixes, and the potential impact of null identifiers.
If a /32 prefix is used, all the routing bits are contained in the
top 64 bits of the IPv6 address, leading to excellent routing
properties. These prefixes may however be hard to obtain, and
allocation of a /32 to a small set of IPv4 translatable addresses may
be seen as wasteful. In addition, the /32 prefix and a null suffix
leads to a null identifier, an issue that we discuss in section 3.5.
Intermediate prefixes like /40, /48 or /56 appear as compromise.
Only some of the IPv4 bits are part of the /64 addresses. Reverse
checks, in particular, may have a limited efficiency. Reverse checks
limited the most significant bits of the IPv4 address will reduce the
possibility of spoofing external address, but would allow internal
hosts to spoof internal addresses.
We propose here a compromise, based on using no more than 1/256th of
an organization's allocation of IPv6 addresses for the translation
service. For example, if the organization is an ISP, with an
allocated prefix /32 or shorter, the ISP could dedicate a /40 prefix
to the translation service. An end site with a /48 allocation could
dedicate a /56 prefix to the translation service.
The recommended prefix length is also a function of the deployment
scenario. The stateless translation can be used for Scenario 1,
Scenario 2, Scenario 5 and Scenario 6 defined in
[I-D.ietf-behave-v6v4-framework]. For different scenarios, the
prefix length recommendations are:
o For scenario 1 (an IPv6 network to the IPv4 Internet) and scenario
2 (the IPv4 Internet to an IPv6 network), we recommend using a /40
prefix for an ISP holding a /32 allocation, and a /56 prefix for a
site holding a /40 allocation.
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o For scenario 5 (an IPv6 network to an IPv4 network) and scenario 6
(an IPv4 network to an IPv6 network), we recommend using a /64
prefix.
3.4. Choice of Prefix for Stateful Translation Deployments
Organizations MAY deploy translation services based on stateful
translation technology. The organizations may decide to use either a
Network Specific Prefix or the Well Known Prefix. The Well Known
Prefix SHOULD be used when no Network Specific Prefix is available.
When these services are used, internal hosts are addressed through
standard IPv6 addresses, while IPv4 hosts are represented by IPv4
embedded addresses, as specified in section 2.
The stateful nature of the translation creates potential stability
issue when the organization deploys multiple translators. If several
translators use the same prefix, there is a risk that packet
belonging to the same connection may be routed to different
translators as the internal routing state changes. This issue can be
mitigated either by assigning different prefixes to different
translators, or by ensuring that all translators using same prefix
coordinate their state.
The stateful translation can be used in the scenarios defined in
[I-D.ietf-behave-v6v4-framework]. The general recommendation is to
use the Well Known Prefix, with two exceptions:
o In all scenarios, the translation MAY use a Network Specific
Prefix, if deemed appropriate for management reasons.
o The Well Known Prefix MUST NOT be used for scenario 3 (the IPv6
Internet to an IPv4 network), as this would lead to using the Well
Known Prefix with non global IPv4 addresses. That means a Network
Specific Prefix MUST be used in that scenario.
3.5. Choice of Suffix
The address format described in Section 2 recommends a null suffix.
Before making this recommendation, we considered different options:
checksum neutrality; the encoding of a port range; and a value
different than 0.
The "neutrality checksum" option would give a chosen value to 16 of
the suffix bits to ensure that the "IPv4 embedded" IPv6 address has
the same 16 bit complement to 1 checksum as the embedded IPv4
address. There have been discussion of this checksum in the working
group mailing list, and some push to standardize a checksum format.
However, we observed that the neutrality checksum alone does
eliminate checksums computation during stateful translation, as only
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one of the two addresses would be checksum neutral. In the case of
stateless translation, translators may want to recomputed the
checksum anyhow, to verify the validity of the translated datagrams.
In doubt, we picked the simplest alternative, to not specify a
neutrality checksum.
There have been proposals to complement stateless translation with a
port-range feature. Instead of mapping an IPv4 address to exactly
one IPv6 prefix, the options would allow several IPv6 hosts to share
an IPv4 address, with each host managing a different range of ports.
But these schemes are not yet specified in work group documents. If
a port range extension is needed, it could be defined later, using
bits currently reserved as null in the suffix.
When a /32 prefix is used, the null suffix results in a null
identifier. We understand the conflict with Section 2.6.1 of
RFC4291, which specifies that all zeroes are used for the subnet-
router anycast address. However, in our specification, there would
be only one IPv4 translatable host in the /64 subnet, and the anycast
semantic would not create confusion. We thus decided to keep the
null suffix for now. (Different authors of this document have
different opinions.)
3.6. Choice of the Well Known Prefix
We are faced with three choices for the Well Known Prefix:
o reuse the IPv4-mapped prefix, ::FFFF:0:0/96, as specified in RFC
2765 Section 2.1;
o request allocation of a new /96 prefix;
o or request IANA to allocate a /32 prefix.
Each of these choices has pros and cons. We expect this issue to be
debated and resolved by the BEHAVE working group, and present here
our analysis of the options.
The main advantage of the existing IPv4-mapped prefix is that it is
already defined. Reusing that prefix will require minimal
standardization efforts. However, being already defined is not just
and advantage, as there may be side effects of current
implementations. When presented with the IPv4-mapped prefix, several
versions of Windows and MAcOS may generate IPv4 packets, but will not
send IPv6 packets. If we used the IPv4-mapped prefix, these hosts
would not be able to support translation without modification. This
will defeat the main purpose of the translation techniques.
Allocating a new prefix would diminish the risk of undesirable side
effects in current implementations. The main cost will be the
registration cost with IANA. We will also need to update the
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recommendation for textual representations of IPv6 addresses, if we
want to ensure the dotted decimal representation of the IPv4
component in the IPv4 embedded IPv6 addresses.
If we allocate a new prefix, choosing a /32 prefix would allow the
embedded IPv4 address to fit within the top 64 bits of the IPv6
address. This would facilitate routing and load balancing when an
organization deploys several translators. However, such destination-
address based load balancing may not be desirable, as it is not
compatible with STUN in the deployments involving multiple stateful
translators, each one having a different pool of IPv4 addresses.
STUN compatibility would only be achieved if the translators managed
the same pool of IPv4 addresses and were able to coordinate their
translation state.
We should also note that according to Section 2.2 of RFC 4291, in the
legal textual representations of IPv6 addresses, dotted decimal can
only appear at the end. We could simply forego the dotted decimal
notation, but that would make the address format harder to use, and
log files harder to read. We could also update RFC4291 to allow
textual representation of addresses using the assigned WKP and having
the interface identifier set to all zeros. We could also embed the
IPv4 address both in the last 32 bits of the interface identifier and
the last 32 bits of the 64 bit prefix, allowing to use the textual
representation as defined in RFC4291 and also have the possibility of
including the IPv4 address in the prefix part. Moreover, we could
request for IANA to assign a /32 for the WKP and then operators could
simply decide whether to use it as a /32 or pad it with zeros and use
it as a /96.
Allocating a new /96 prefix would not enable the same routing and
load balancing options as a /32 prefix, but would allow for decimal
notation of IPv4 addresses without requiring an update to RFC 4291.
4. Security Considerations
4.1. Protection Against Spoofing
By and large, address translators can be modeled as special routers,
are subject to the same risks, and can implement the same mitigation.
There is however a particular risk that directly derived from the
practice of embedding IPv4 addresses in IPv6: address spoofing.
An attacker could use an IPv4 embedded address as the source address
of malicious packets. After translation, the packets will appear as
IPv4 packets from the specified source, and the attacker may be hard
to track. If left without mitigation, the attack would allow
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malicious IPv6 nodes to spoof arbitrary IPv4 addresses.
The mitigation is to implement reverse path checks, and to verify
throughout the network that packets are coming from an authorized
location.
4.2. Secure Configuration
The prefix and format need to be the same among multiple devices in
the same network (e.g., hosts that need to prefer native over
translated addresses, DNS gateways, and IPv4/IPv6 translators). As
such, the means by which they are learned/configured must be secure.
Specifying a default prefix and/or format in implementations provides
one way to configure them securely. Any alternative means of
configuration is responsible for specifying how to do so securely.
5. IANA Considerations
A future version of this memo will request an IPv6 prefix assignment
as a Well-Known Mapped Prefix, that is used to represent IPv4 hosts,
and which must start with binary 000.
[EDITOR'S NOTE: 0/8 is reserved by the IETF (and not allocated by
IANA), so all that is needed is to specify the prefix herein since it
is an allocation from IETF not from IANA.]
OPEN ISSUE: The prefix length of this block has not yet been
determined. Some possibilities are /16, /32, /48 or /96.
6. Acknowledgements
Many people in the Behave WG have contributed to the discussion that
led to this document, including Andrew Sullivan, Andrew Yourtchenko,
Brian Carpenter, Congxiao Bao, Dan Wing, Ed Jankiewicz, Fred Baker,
Hiroshi Miyata, Iljitsch van Beijnum, John Schnizlein, Keith Moore,
Kevin Yin, Magnus Westerlund, Marcelo Bagnulo Braun, Margaret
Wasserman, Masahito Endo, Phil Roberts, Philip Matthews, Remi Denis-
Courmont, Remi Despres, William Waites and Xing Li.
7. Contributors
The following individuals co-authored drafts from which text has been
incorporated, and are listed in alphabetical order.
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Dave Thaler
Microsoft Corporation
One Microsoft Way
Redmond, WA 98052
USA
Phone: +1 425 703 8835
Email: dthaler@microsoft.com
Congxiao Bao
CERNET Center/Tsinghua University
Room 225, Main Building, Tsinghua University
Beijing, 100084
China
Phone: +86 62785983
Email: congxiao@cernet.edu.cn
Fred Baker
Cisco Systems
Santa Barbara, California 93117
USA
Phone: +1-408-526-4257
Fax: +1-413-473-2403
Email: fred@cisco.com
Hiroshi Miyata
Yokogawa Electric Corporation
2-9-32 Nakacho
Musashino-shi, Tokyo 180-8750
JAPAN
Email: h.miyata@jp.yokogawa.com
Marcelo Bagnulo
Universidad Carlos III de Madrid
Av. Universidad 30
Leganes, Madrid 28911
ESPANA
Email: marcelo@it.uc3m.es
Xing Li
CERNET Center/Tsinghua University
Room 225, Main Building, Tsinghua University
Beijing, 100084
China
Phone: +86 62785983
Email: xing@cernet.edu.cn
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8. References
8.1. Normative References
[RFC2026] Bradner, S., "The Internet Standards Process -- Revision
3", BCP 9, RFC 2026, October 1996.
[RFC4291] Hinden, R. and S. Deering, "IP Version 6 Addressing
Architecture", RFC 4291, February 2006.
8.2. Informative References
[I-D.bagnulo-behave-dns64]
Bagnulo, M., Sullivan, A., Matthews, P., Beijnum, I., and
M. Endo, "DNS64: DNS extensions for Network Address
Translation from IPv6 Clients to IPv4 Servers",
draft-bagnulo-behave-dns64-02 (work in progress),
March 2009.
[I-D.ietf-behave-v6v4-framework]
Baker, F., Li, X., Bao, C., and K. Yin, "Framework for
IPv4/IPv6 Translation",
draft-ietf-behave-v6v4-framework-03 (work in progress),
October 2009.
[I-D.wing-behave-nat64-referrals]
Wing, D., "Referrals Across an IPv6/IPv4 Translator",
draft-wing-behave-nat64-referrals-01 (work in progress),
October 2009.
[RFC1918] Rekhter, Y., Moskowitz, R., Karrenberg, D., Groot, G., and
E. Lear, "Address Allocation for Private Internets",
BCP 5, RFC 1918, February 1996.
[RFC2765] Nordmark, E., "Stateless IP/ICMP Translation Algorithm
(SIIT)", RFC 2765, February 2000.
[RFC2766] Tsirtsis, G. and P. Srisuresh, "Network Address
Translation - Protocol Translation (NAT-PT)", RFC 2766,
February 2000.
[RFC3484] Draves, R., "Default Address Selection for Internet
Protocol version 6 (IPv6)", RFC 3484, February 2003.
[RFC3493] Gilligan, R., Thomson, S., Bound, J., McCann, J., and W.
Stevens, "Basic Socket Interface Extensions for IPv6",
RFC 3493, February 2003.
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[RFC4271] Rekhter, Y., Li, T., and S. Hares, "A Border Gateway
Protocol 4 (BGP-4)", RFC 4271, January 2006.
[RFC4380] Huitema, C., "Teredo: Tunneling IPv6 over UDP through
Network Address Translations (NATs)", RFC 4380,
February 2006.
[RFC4862] Thomson, S., Narten, T., and T. Jinmei, "IPv6 Stateless
Address Autoconfiguration", RFC 4862, September 2007.
[RFC5214] Templin, F., Gleeson, T., and D. Thaler, "Intra-Site
Automatic Tunnel Addressing Protocol (ISATAP)", RFC 5214,
March 2008.
[RFC5389] Rosenberg, J., Mahy, R., Matthews, P., and D. Wing,
"Session Traversal Utilities for NAT (STUN)", RFC 5389,
October 2008.
Authors' Addresses
Christian Huitema
Microsoft Corporation
One Microsoft Way
Redmond, WA 98052-6399
U.S.A.
Email: huitema@microsoft.com
Congxiao Bao
CERNET Center/Tsinghua University
Room 225, Main Building, Tsinghua University
Beijing, 100084
China
Phone: +86 10-62785983
Email: congxiao@cernet.edu.cn
Huitema, et al. Expires April 29, 2010 [Page 14]
Internet-Draft IPv6 Addressing of IPv4/IPv6 Translators October 2009
Marcelo Bagnulo
UC3M
Av. Universidad 30
Leganes, Madrid 28911
Spain
Phone: +34-91-6249500
Fax:
Email: marcelo@it.uc3m.es
URI: http://www.it.uc3m.es/marcelo
Mohamed Boucadair
France Telecom
3, Av Francois Chateaux
Rennes 350000
France
Email: mohamed.boucadair@orange-ftgroup.com
Xing Li
CERNET Center/Tsinghua University
Room 225, Main Building, Tsinghua University
Beijing, 100084
China
Phone: +86 10-62785983
Email: xing@cernet.edu.cn
Huitema, et al. Expires April 29, 2010 [Page 15]
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