One document matched: draft-duerst-mailto-bis-07.txt
Differences from draft-duerst-mailto-bis-06.txt
Network Working Group M. Duerst
Internet-Draft Aoyama Gakuin University
Obsoletes: 2368 (if approved) L. Masinter
Intended status: Standards Track Adobe Systems Incorporated
Expires: April 29, 2010 J. Zawinski
DNA Lounge
October 26, 2009
The 'mailto' URI Scheme
draft-duerst-mailto-bis-07
Status of this Memo
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Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2009 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
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document authors. All rights reserved.
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Abstract
This document defines the format of Uniform Resource Identifiers
(URI) to identify resources that are reached using Internet mail. It
adds better internationalization and compatibility with IRIs (RFC
3987) to the previous syntax of 'mailto' URIs (RFC 2368).
Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2. Syntax of a 'mailto' URI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3. Semantics and Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4. Unsafe Header Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
5. Encoding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
6. Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
6.1. Examples Conforming to RFC2368 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
6.2. Examples of Complicated Email Addresses . . . . . . . . . 9
6.3. Examples Using UTF-8-Based Percent-Encoding . . . . . . . 10
7. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
8. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
8.1. Update of the Registration of the 'mailto' URI Scheme . . 12
8.2. Registration of the Body Header Field . . . . . . . . . . 15
9. Main Changes from RFC 2368 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
10. Change Log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
10.1. Changes between draft 06 and draft 07 . . . . . . . . . . 16
10.2. Changes between draft 05 and draft 06 . . . . . . . . . . 16
10.3. Changes between draft 04 and draft 05 . . . . . . . . . . 16
10.4. Changes between draft 03 and draft 04 . . . . . . . . . . 17
10.5. Changes between draft 02 and draft 03 . . . . . . . . . . 17
10.6. Changes between draft 01 and draft 02 . . . . . . . . . . 18
10.7. Changes between draft 00 and draft 01 . . . . . . . . . . 18
10.8. Changes from RFC 2368 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
11. Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
12. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
12.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
12.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
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1. Introduction
The 'mailto' URI scheme is used to identify resources that are
reached using Internet mail. In its simplest form, a 'mailto' URI
contains an Internet mail address. For interactions that require
message headers or message bodies to be specified, the 'mailto' URI
scheme also allows setting mail header fields and the message body.
This specification extends the previous scheme definition to also
allow character data to be percent-encoded based on UTF-8, which
offers a better and more consistent way of dealing with non-ASCII
characters for internationalization.
This specification does not address the needs of the ongoing Email
Address Internationalization effort (see [RFC4952]). In particular,
this specification does not include syntax for fallback addresses.
This may be fixed in a future version of this specification.
In this document, the key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED",
"SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY",
and "OPTIONAL" are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].
In this document, URIs are enclosed in '<' and '>' as described in
Appendix C of [STD66]. Extra whitespace and line breaks added to
present long URIs are not part of the actual URI.
2. Syntax of a 'mailto' URI
The syntax of a 'mailto' URI is described using the ABNF of [STD68],
non-terminal definitions from [RFC5322] (dot-atom, quoted-string) and
non-terminal definitions from [STD66] (unreserved, pct-encoded):
mailtoURI = "mailto:" [ to ] [ hfields ]
to = [ addr-spec *("%2C" addr-spec ) ]
hfields = "?" hfield *( "&" hfield )
hfield = hfname "=" hfvalue
hfname = *qchar
hfvalue = *qchar
addr-spec = local-part "@" domain
local-part = dot-atom / quoted-string
domain = dot-atom
qchar = unreserved / pct-encoded / some-delims
some-delims = "!" / "$" / "'" / "(" / ")" / "*"
/ "+" / "," / ";" / ":" / "@"
<addr-spec> is a mail address as specified in [RFC5322], but
excluding <comment> from [RFC5322]. However, the following changes
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apply:
1. A number of characters that can appear in <addr-spec> have to be
percent-encoded. These are the characters that cannot appear in
an URI according to [STD66] as well as "%" (because it is used
for percent-encoding) and all the characters in gen-delims except
"@" and ":" (i.e. "/", "?", "#", "[" and "]"). Of the characters
in sub-delims, at least the following also have to be percent-
encoded: "&", ";", and "=". Care has to be taken both when
encoding as well as when decoding to make sure these operations
are applied only once.
2. <obs-local-part> and <NO-WS-CTL> as defined in [RFC5322] are not
allowed.
3. Whitespace and comments within <local-part> and <domain> are not
allowed. They would not have any operational semantics.
4. Percent-encoding can be used in the <domain> part of an <addr-
spec>, in order to denote an internationalized domain name. The
considerations for <reg-name> in [STD66] apply. In particular,
non-ASCII characters MUST first be encoded according to UTF-8
[STD63], and then each octet of the corresponding UTF-8 sequence
MUST be percent-encoded to be represented as URI characters. URI
producing applications MUST NOT use percent-encoding in domain
names unless it is used to represent a UTF-8 character sequence.
When the internationalized domain name is used to compose a
message, the name MUST be transformed to the IDNA encoding where
appropriate [RFC3490]. URI producers SHOULD provide these domain
names in the IDNA encoding, rather than percent-encoded, if they
wish to maximize interoperability with legacy 'mailto' URI
interpreters.
5. Percent-encoding of non-ASCII octets in the <local-part> of an
<addr-spec> is reserved for the internationalization of the
<local-part>. Non-ASCII characters MUST first be encoded
according to UTF-8 [STD63], and then each octet of the
corresponding UTF-8 sequence MUST be percent-encoded to be
represented as URI characters. Any other percent-encoding of
non-ASCII characters is prohibited. When a <local-part>
containing non-ASCII characters will be used to compose a
message, the <local-part> MUST be transformed to conform to
whatever encoding may be defined in a future specification for
the internationalization of email addresses.
<hfname> and <hfvalue> are encodings of an [RFC5322] header field
name and value, respectively. Percent-encoding is needed for the
same characters as listed above for <addr-spec>. <hfname> is case-
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insensitive, but <hfvalue> in general is case-sensitive.
The special <hfname> "body" indicates that the associated <hfvalue>
is the body of the message. The "body" field value is intended to
contain the content for the first text/plain body part of the
message. The "body" pseudo header field is primarily intended for
the generation of short text messages for automatic processing (such
as "subscribe" messages for mailing lists), not for general MIME
bodies. The "body" pseudo header field name has been registered with
IANA for this special purpose, see Section 8.2.
Within 'mailto' URIs, the characters "?", "=", and "&" are reserved,
serving as delimiters. They have to be escaped (as "%3F", "%3D", and
"%26", respectively) when not serving as delimiters.
Because the "&" (ampersand) character is reserved in HTML and XML,
any 'mailto' URI which contains an ampersand have to be spelled
differently in HTML and XML than in other contexts. A 'mailto' URI
which appears in an HTML or XML document has to escape the "&", e.g.
as "&".
Non-ASCII characters can be encoded in hfvalue as follows:
1. MIME encoded words (as defined in [RFC2047]) are permitted in
header field values, but not in an <hfvalue> of a "body"
<hfname>. Please note that the '=' and '?' characters used as
delimiters in MIME encoded words have to be percent-escaped.
2. Non-ASCII characters can be encoded according to UTF-8 [STD63],
and then each octet of the corresponding UTF-8 sequence is
percent-encoded to be represented as URI characters. When header
field values encoded in this way are used to compose a message,
the <hfvalue> has to be suitably encoded (transformed into MIME
encoded words [RFC2047]), except for an <hfvalue> of a "body"
<hfname>, which has to be encoded according to [RFC2045]. Please
note that for MIME encoded words and for bodies in composed email
messages, encodings other than UTF-8 MAY be used as long as the
characters are properly transcoded.
Also note that it is syntactically valid to specify both <to> and an
<hfname> whose value is "to". That is,
<mailto:addr1@an.example%2C%20addr2@an.example>
is equivalent to
<mailto:?to=addr1@an.example%2C%20addr2@an.example>
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is equivalent to
<mailto:addr1@an.example?to=addr2@an.example>
However, the latter form is NOT RECOMMENDED.
Implementations SHOULD NOT produce two "To:" header fields in a
message; the "To:" header field may occur at most once in a message
([RFC5322], Section 3.6). Also, creators of 'mailto' URIs SHOULD NOT
include other message header fields multiple times if these header
fields can only be used once in a message.
Creators of 'mailto' URIs SHOULD avoid using the same <hfname>
multiple times in the same URI to avoid interoperability problems.
If the same <hfname> appears multiple times in an URI, behavior
varies widely for different user agents, and for each <hfname>.
Examples include only using the first or last <hfname>/<hfvalue>
pair, combining each <hfvalue> by simple concatenation, or in a way
appropriate for the corresponding header field, or creating multiple
header fields.
Note that this specification, like any URI scheme specification, does
not define syntax or meaning of a fragment identifier, because these
depend on the type of a retrieved representation. In the currently
known usage scenarios, a 'mailto' URI cannot be used to retreive such
representations. Therefore, fragment identifiers are meaningless,
SHOULD NOT be used on 'mailto' URIs, and SHOULD be ignored upon
resolution. The character '#' in hfvalues MUST be escaped as %23.
3. Semantics and Operations
A 'mailto' URI designates an "internet resource", which is the
mailbox specified in the address. When additional header fields are
supplied, the resource designated is the same address, but with an
additional profile for accessing the resource. While there are
Internet resources that can only be accessed via electronic mail, the
'mailto' URI is not intended as a way of retrieving such objects
automatically.
The operation of how any URI scheme is resolved is not mandated by
the URI specifications. In current practice, resolving URIs such as
those in the 'http' URI scheme causes an immediate interaction
between client software and a host running an interactive server.
The 'mailto' URI has unusual semantics because resolving such a URI
does not cause an immediate interaction. Instead, the client creates
a message to the designated address with the various header fields
set as default. The user can edit the message, send this message
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unedited, or choose not to send the message.
4. Unsafe Header Fields
The user agent interpreting a 'mailto' URI SHOULD choose not to
create a message if any of the header fields are considered
dangerous; it may also choose to create a message with only a subset
of the header fields given in the URI. Only a limited set of header
fields such as Subject and Keywords, as well as Body, are believed to
be both safe and useful in the general case. In cases where the
source of an URI is well known, and/or specific header fields are
limited to specific well-known values, other header fields may be
considered safe, too.
The creator of a 'mailto' URI cannot expect the resolver of a URI to
understand more than the "subject" header field and "body". Clients
that resolve 'mailto' URIs into mail messages MUST be able to
correctly create [RFC5322]-compliant mail messages using the
"subject" header field and "body".
5. Encoding
[STD66] requires that many characters in URIs be encoded. This
affects the 'mailto' URI scheme for some common characters that might
appear in addresses, header fields, or message contents. One such
character is space (" ", ASCII hex 20). Note the examples below that
use "%20" for space in the message body. Also note that line breaks
in the body of a message MUST be encoded with "%0D%0A".
When creating 'mailto' URIs, any reserved characters that are used in
the URIs MUST be encoded so that properly-written URI interpreters
can read them. Also, client software that reads URIs MUST decode
strings before creating the mail message so that the mail messages
appear in a form that the recipient software will understand. These
strings SHOULD be decoded before showing the message to the sending
user.
Software creating 'mailto' URIs likewise has to be careful to encode
any reserved characters that are used. One kind of software creating
'mailto' URIs are HTML forms. Current implementations encode a space
as '+', but this creates problems because such a '+' standing for a
space cannot be distinguished from a real '+' in a 'mailto' URI.
When producing 'mailto' URIs, all spaces SHOULD be encoded as %20.
The 'mailto' URI scheme is limited in that it does not provide for
substitution of variables. Thus, it is impossible to create a
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'mailto' URI that includes a user's email address in the message
body. This limitation also prevents 'mailto' URIs that are signed
with public keys and other such variable information.
6. Examples
6.1. Examples Conforming to RFC2368
A URI for an ordinary individual mailing address:
<mailto:chris@example.com>
A URI for a mail response system that requires the name of the file
in the subject:
<mailto:infobot@example.com?subject=current-issue>
A mail response system that requires a "send" request in the body:
<mailto:infobot@example.com?body=send%20current-issue>
A similar URI, with two lines with different "send" requests (in this
case, "send current-issue" and, on the next line, "send index"):
<mailto:infobot@
example.com?body=send%20current-issue%0D%0Asend%20index>
An interesting use of 'mailto' URIs occurs when browsing archives of
messages. A link can be provided that allows to reply to a message
and conserve threading information. This is done by adding a In-
Reply-To header field containing the Message-ID of the message where
the link is added, for example:
<mailto:list@example.org?In-Reply-To=%3C3469A91.D10AF4C@
example.com%3E>
A request to subscribe to a mailing list:
<mailto:majordomo@example.com?body=subscribe%20bamboo-l>
A URI for a single user which includes a CC of another user:
<mailto:joe@example.com?cc=bob@example.com&body=hello>
Note the use of the "&" reserved character above. The following
example, using "?" twice, is incorrect:
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<mailto:joe@example.com?cc=bob@example.com?body=hello> ; WRONG!
According to [RFC5322], the characters "?", "&", and even "%" may
occur in addr-specs. The fact that they are reserved characters is
not a problem: those characters may appear in 'mailto' URIs, they
just may not appear in unencoded form. The standard URI encoding
mechanisms ("%" followed by a two-digit hex number) MUST be used in
these cases.
To indicate the address "gorby%kremvax@example.com" one would use:
<mailto:gorby%25kremvax@example.com>
To indicate the address "unlikely?address@example.com", and include
another header field, one would use:
<mailto:unlikely%3Faddress@example.com?blat=foop>
As described above, the "&" (ampersand) character is reserved in HTML
and has to be replaced e.g. with "&". Thus, a URI with an
internal ampersand might look like:
Click <a href="mailto:joe@an.example?cc=bob@
an.example&body=hello">mailto:joe@an.example?cc=bob@
an.example&body=hello</a> to send a greeting message to Joe and
Bob.
When an email address itself includes an "&" (ampersand) character,
that character has to be percent-escaped. For example, the 'mailto'
URI to send mail to "Mike&family@example.org" is
<mailto:Mike%26family@example.org>.
6.2. Examples of Complicated Email Addresses
Following are a few examples of how to treat email addresses that
contain complicated escaping syntax.
Email address: "not@me"@example.org; corresponding 'mailto' URI:
<mailto:%22not%40me%22@example.org>.
Email address: "oh\\no"@example.org; corresponding 'mailto' URI:
<mailto:%22oh%5C%5Cno%22@example.org>.
Email address: "\\\"it's\ ugly\\\""@example.org; corresponding
'mailto' URI:
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<mailto:%22%5C%5C%5C%22it's%22%20ugly%5C%5C%5C%22%22@example.org>.
6.3. Examples Using UTF-8-Based Percent-Encoding
Sending a mail with the subject "coffee" in French, i.e. "cafe" where
the final e is an e-acute, using UTF-8 and percent-encoding:
<mailto:user@example.org?subject=caf%C3%A9>
The same subject, this time using an encoded-word (escaping the "="
and "?" characters used in the encoded-word syntax, because they are
reserved):
<mailto:user@
example.org?subject=%3D%3Futf-8%3FQ%3Fcaf%3DC3%3DA9%3F%3D>
The same subject, this time encoded as iso-8859-1:
<mailto:user@
example.org?subject=%3D%3Fiso-8859-1%3FQ%3Fcaf%3DE9%3F%3D>
Going back to straight UTF-8 and adding a body with the same value:
<mailto:user@example.org?subject=caf%C3%A9&body=caf%C3%A9>
This 'mailto' URI may result in a message looking like this:
From: sender@example.net
To: user@example.org
Subject: =?utf-8?Q?caf=C3=A9?=
Content-Type: text/plain;charset=utf-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
caf=C3=A9
The software sending the email is not restricted to UTF-8, but can
use other encodings. The following shows the same email using iso-
8859-1 two times:
From: sender@example.net
To: user@example.org
Subject: =?iso-8859-1?Q?caf=E9?=
Content-Type: text/plain;charset=iso-8859-1
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
caf=E9
Different content transfer encodings (i.e. "8bit" or "base64" instead
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of "quoted-printable") and different encodings in encoded words (i.e.
"B" instead of "Q") can also be used.
For more examples of encoding the word coffee in different languages,
see [RFC2324].
The following example uses the Japanese word "natto" (Unicode
characters U+7D0D U+8C46) as a domain name label, sending a mail to a
user at "natto".example.org:
<mailto:user@%E7%B4%8D%E8%B1%86.example.org?subject=Test&body=NATTO>
When constructing the email, the domain name label is converted to
punycode. The resulting message may look as follows:
From: sender@example.net
To: user@xn--99zt52a.example.org
Subject: Test
Content-Type: text/plain
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
NATTO
7. Security Considerations
The 'mailto' URI scheme can be used to send a message from one user
to another, and thus can introduce many security concerns. Mail
messages can be logged at the originating site, the recipient site,
and intermediary sites along the delivery path. If the messages are
not encoded, they can also be read at any of those sites.
A 'mailto' URI gives a template for a message that can be sent by
mail client software. The contents of that template may be opaque or
difficult to read by the user at the time of specifying the URI.
Thus, a mail client SHOULD never send a message based on a 'mailto'
URI without first showing the full message that will be sent to the
user (including all header fields that were specified by the 'mailto'
URI), fully decoded, and asking the user for approval to send the
message as electronic mail. The mail client SHOULD also make it
clear that the user is about to send an electronic mail message,
since the user may not be aware that this is the result of a 'mailto'
URI.
A mail client SHOULD never send anything without complete disclosure
to the user of what will be sent; it SHOULD disclose not only the
message destination, but also any header fields. Unrecognized header
fields, or header fields with values inconsistent with those the mail
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client would normally send SHOULD be treated as especially suspect.
MIME header fields (MIME- Version, Content-*) are most likely
inappropriate, except when added by the MUA to correctly encode the
text(s) being sent, as are those relating to routing (From,
Apparently-To, etc.)
Note that some header fields are inherently unsafe to include in a
message generated from a URI. For example, header fields such as
"From:", and so on, SHOULD never be interpreted from a URI. In
general, the fewer header fields interpreted from the URI, the less
likely it is that a sending agent will create an unsafe message.
Examples of problems with sending unapproved mail include:
mail that breaks laws upon delivery, such as making illegal
threats;
mail that identifies the sender as someone interested in breaking
laws;
mail that identifies the sender to an unwanted third party;
mail that causes a financial charge to be incurred on the sender;
mail that causes an action on the recipient machine that causes
damage that might be attributed to the sender.
Programs that interpret 'mailto' URIs SHOULD ensure that the SMTP
"From" address (the SMTP envelope return path given as an argument to
the SMTP MAIL FROM command) is set and correct, and that the
resulting email is a complete, workable message.
'mailto' URIs on public Web pages expose mail addresses for
harvesting. This applies to all mail addresses included in the
'mailto' URI, including the addresses in a "bcc" hfvalue. Those
addresses will not be sent to the recipients in the 'to' field and in
the "to" and "cc" hfvalues, but will still be publicly visible in the
URI.
The security considerations of [STD66], [RFC3490], [RFC3491], and
[RFC3987] also apply. Implementers and users are recommended to
check them carefully.
8. IANA Considerations
8.1. Update of the Registration of the 'mailto' URI Scheme
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This document changes the definition of the 'mailto' URI scheme; the
registry of URI schemes needs to be updated to refer to this document
rather than its predecessor, [RFC2368]. The registration template is
as follows:
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URI scheme name:
'mailto'
Status:
permanent
URI scheme syntax:
See the syntax section of draft-duerst-mailto-bis-07.txt.
(Note to RFC Editor and IANA: Replace this with
RFC YYYY (RFC number of this specification)).
URI scheme semantics:
See the semantics section of draft-duerst-mailto-bis-07.txt.
(Note to RFC Editor and IANA: Replace this with
RFC YYYY (RFC number of this specification)).
Encoding considerations:
See the syntax and encoding sections of
draft-duerst-mailto-bis-07.txt.
(Note to RFC Editor and IANA: Replace this with
RFC YYYY (RFC number of this specification)).
Applications/protocols that use this URI scheme name:
The 'mailto' URI scheme is widely used since the start of the Web.
Interoperability considerations:
Interoperability for 'mailto' URIs with UTF-8-based percent-encoding
might be somewhat lower than interoperability for 'mailto' URIs with
US-ASCII only.
Security considerations:
See the security section of draft-duerst-mailto-bis-07.txt.
(Note to RFC Editor and IANA: Replace this with
RFC YYYY (RFC number of this specification)).
Contact:
IETF
Author/Change controller:
IETF
References:
Internet-Draft draft-duerst-mailto-bis-07.txt
(Note to RFC Editor and IANA: Replace this with
RFC YYYY (RFC number of this specification))
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8.2. Registration of the Body Header Field
IANA is herewith requested to register the Body header field in the
Message Header Fields Registry ([RFC3864]) as follows:
Header field name:
Body
Applicable protocol:
None. This registration is made to assure that this header field
name is not used at all, in order to not create any problems
for 'mailto' URIs.
Status:
reserved
Author/Change controller:
IETF
Specification document(s):
Internet-Draft draft-duerst-mailto-bis-07.txt
(Note to RFC Editor and IANA: Replace this with
RFC YYYY (RFC number of this specification))
Related information:
none
9. Main Changes from RFC 2368
The main changes from RFC 2368 are as follows:
o Changed syntax from RFC 2822 <mailbox> to [RFC5322] <addr-spec>.
o Allowed UTF-8-based percent-encoding for domain names and in
<hfvalue>.
o Nailed down percent-encoding in <local-part> to be based on UTF-8,
reserved for future use.
o Removed prohibition against "Bcc:" header fields, but added a
warning about their visibility and harvesting for spam.
o Added clarifications for escaping.
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10. Change Log
Note to RFC Editor: Please completely remove this section before
publication.
10.1. Changes between draft 06 and draft 07
o Changed production for 'domain' from externally defined (dot-atom
/ domain-literal / obs-domain in [RFC5322]) to dot-atom only.
This clarifies that obsolete [RFC5322] syntax and comments are
disallowed.
o Capitalized various "must" and "should", and/or changed wording to
more clearly distinguish spec requirements and other text.
o Added explanation about "the characters "?", "=", and "&" are
reserved".
o Removed text about not mixing MIME encoded words and percent-
encoding.
o Added text to say that '=' and '?' in MIME encoded words have to
be percent-encoded.
o Added registration template for 'mailto' scheme itself.
o Made requirement for [RFC2047]RFC 2047 in email headers less
strong (not necessary for EAI).
o Removed (extremly short) section on deployment with a notice in
registration template.
o Changed 'legal' to 'syntactically valid' when not referring to the
law.
o Added ":" to the exceptions from escaping in gen-delims.
10.2. Changes between draft 05 and draft 06
o Fixed references ([RFC5322]).
o Changed IPR text to pre5378Trust200902.
10.3. Changes between draft 04 and draft 05
o Added "Main Changes from RFC 2368" to help implementation updates
from RFC 2368.
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o Added a warning about spam harvesting and visibility of bcc
addresses.
o Clarified that <addr-spec> does not include comments.
o Changed names of syntax productions to be better in line with
standard terminology: headers -> hfields, header -> hfield, hname
-> hfname, hvalue -> hfvalue.
o Streamlined terminology: mailto, mailto: -> 'mailto'; LHS ->
<local-part>; consistently used '<' and '>' for ABNF production
names.
o Changed section heading from "Unsafe Headers" to "Unsafe Header
Fields".
o Got rid of references and the word 'update' in the Abstract.
o Updated ABNF reference to [STD68]
o Some minor wording cleanup.
10.4. Changes between draft 03 and draft 04
o Added mention of internationalization (not just IRI) to abstract.
o Updated reference from draft-ietf-eai-framework to RFC 4952,
simplified referring text.
o Used MUST for resolvers to understand Subject and Body for clear
interoperability.
o Noted that multiple identical hnames can cause interoperability
problems and SHOULD be avoided.
o Note the problem of '+' produced by HTML forms, made clear that
%20 SHOULD be used for encoding spaces.
o Removed warning against using bcc; doesn't seem to be of any harm
if user checks explicitly.
o Some minor wording cleanup.
10.5. Changes between draft 02 and draft 03
o Adjusted description of mailto URI in abstract to match intro.
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o Added registration template for body header field.
o Clarified requirements for produced email message.
o Clarified case (in)sensitivity of header field names and values.
o Introduced reference to EAI-framework, explained to what extent it
has been taken into account.
o Changed reference label from RFC3986 to STD66.
10.6. Changes between draft 01 and draft 02
o Fixed phone/fax for Martin.
o Changed examples to reduce cases with both a 'to' field and a 'to'
hname.
o Fixed syntax to not rely on non-terminals from RFC 2396. Changed
description of set of characters that needs to be escaped.
o Mollified warning about header fields other than Subject,
Keywords, and Body.
o Clarified prohibition of mixing different encodings (%-escaping
and Mime encoded words) for header fields.
o Improved some examples. Fixed some terminology.
10.7. Changes between draft 00 and draft 01
o Added clarification about permitted syntax and escaping on email
address LHS, and more complicated examples.
o Added text about more safe headers in case origin or mailto URIs
is known.
o Fixed date of [STD66]
o Added a sentence referencing [RFC2119]
o Added Jamie back in as a co-author. Changed address/affiliation
for Martin.
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10.8. Changes from RFC 2368
o For interoperability with IRIs ([RFC3987]), allowed percent-
encoding, fixed to UTF-8, in the domain name part of an email
address, in LHS part of an address (currently reserved because not
operationally usable), and in hvalue parts.
o Changed from 'URL' to 'URI'
o Updated references: ABNF to [STD68]; message syntax to [RFC5322],
URI Generic Syntax to [STD66]
o Expanded "#mailbox", because the "#" shortcut is no longer
available; needs checking
11. Acknowledgments
This document was derived from [RFC2368]; the acknowledgments from
this specification still apply. In addition, we thank Paul Hoffman
for his work on [RFC2368].
Valuable input on this document was received from (in no particular
order): Alexey Melnikov, Paul Hoffman, Charles Lindsey, Tim Kindberg,
Frank Ellermann, Etan Wexler, Michael Haardt, Michael Anthony Puls
II, and Alfred Hoenes.
12. References
12.1. Normative References
[RFC2045] Freed, N. and N. Borenstein, "Multipurpose Internet Mail
Extensions (MIME) Part One: Format of Internet Message
Bodies", November 1996.
[RFC2047] Moore, K., "MIME Part Three: Message Header Extensions for
Non-ASCII Text", RFC 2047, November 1996.
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
[RFC3490] Faltstrom, P., Hoffman, P., and A. Costello,
"Internationalizing Domain Names in Applications (IDNA)",
RFC 3490, March 2003.
[RFC3491] Hoffman, P. and M. Blanchet, "Nameprep: A Stringprep
Profile for Internationalized Domain Names (IDN)",
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RFC 3491, March 2003.
[RFC3864] Klyne, G., Nottingham, M., and J. Mogul, "Registration
Procedures for Message Header Fields", RFC 3864, BCP 90,
September 2004.
[RFC3987] Duerst, M. and M. Suignard, "Internationalized Resource
Identifiers (IRIs)", RFC 3987, January 2005.
[RFC5322] Resnik, P., "Internet Message Format", RFC 5322,
October 2008.
[STD63] Yergeau, F., "UTF-8, a transformation format of ISO
10646", STD 63, RFC 3629, November 2003.
[STD66] Berners-Lee, T., Fielding, R., and L. Masinter, "Uniform
Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax", STD 66,
RFC 3986, January 2005.
[STD68] Crocker, D. and P. Overell, "Augmented BNF for Syntax
Specifications: ABNF", STD 68, RFC 5234, January 2008.
12.2. Informative References
[RFC2324] Masinter, L., "Hyper Text Coffee Pot Control Protocol
(HTCPCP/1.0)", RFC 2324, April 1998.
[RFC2368] Hoffman, P., Masinter, L., and J. Zawinski, "The mailto
URL scheme", RFC 2368, July 1998.
[RFC4952] Klensin, J. and Y. Ko, "Overview and Framework for
Internationalized Email", RFC 4952, July 2007.
Authors' Addresses
Martin Duerst (Note: Please write "Duerst" with u-umlaut wherever
possible, for example as "Dürst" in XML and HTML.)
Aoyama Gakuin University
5-10-1 Fuchinobe
Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8558
Japan
Phone: +81 42 759 6329
Fax: +81 42 759 6495
Email: mailto:duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp
URI: http://www.sw.it.aoyama.ac.jp/D%C3%BCrst/
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Larry Masinter
Adobe Systems Incorporated
345 Park Ave
San Jose, CA 95110
USA
Phone: +1-408-536-3024
Email: LMM@acm.org
URI: http://larry.masinter.net/
Jamie Zawinski
DNA Lounge
375 Eleventh Street
San Francisco, CA 94103
USA
Email: jwz@jwz.org
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