One document matched: draft-camarillo-sipcore-reinvite-00.txt
SIPCORE G. Camarillo
Internet-Draft C. Holmberg
Updates: 3261 (if approved) Ericsson
Intended status: Standards Track Y. Gao
Expires: January 7, 2010 ZTE
July 6, 2009
Re-INVITE Handling in the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)
draft-camarillo-sipcore-reinvite-00.txt
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Abstract
In this document, we clarify the handling of re-INVITEs in SIP. We
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clarify in which situations a UAS (User Agent Server) should generate
a success response and in which situations a UAS should generate an
error response to a re-INVITE. Additionally, we clarify issues
related to target refresh requests.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2. Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3. Background on Re-INVITE Handling by UASs . . . . . . . . . . . 3
4. Problems with Error Responses and Already-executed Changes . . 8
5. UAS Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
6. UAC Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
7. Clarifications on Cancelling Re-INVITEs . . . . . . . . . . . 10
8. Background on Target Refresh Requests . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
9. Clarifications on Target Refresh Requests . . . . . . . . . . 10
10. Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
11. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
12. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
13. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
14. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
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1. Introduction
As discussed in Section 14 of RFC 3261 [RFC3261], an INVITE request
sent within an existing dialog is known as a re-INVITE. A re-INVITE
is used to modify session parameters, dialog parameters, or both.
That is, a single re-INVITE can change both the parameters of its
associated session (e.g., changing the IP address where a media
stream is received) and the parameters of its associated dialog
(e.g., changing the remote target of the dialog). A re-INVITE can
change the remote target of a dialog because it is a target refresh
request, as defined in Section 6 of RFC 3261 [RFC3261].
There has been some confusion among implentors regarding how a UAS
(User Agent Server) should handle re-INVITEs. In particular,
implementors requested clarifications on which type of response a UAS
should generate in different situations. In this document, we
clarify these issues.
2. Terminology
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119].
UAC: User Agent Client.
UAS: User Agent Server.
3. Background on Re-INVITE Handling by UASs
A UAS receiving a re-INVITE will need to, eventually, generate a
response to it. Some re-INVITEs can be responded to immediately
because their handling does not require user interaction (e.g.,
changing the IP address where a media stream is received). The
handling of other re-INVITEs requires user interaction (e.g., adding
a video stream to an audio-only session). Therefore, these re-
INVITEs cannot be responded to immediately.
An error response to a re-INVITE has the following semantics. As
specified in Section 12.2.2 of RFC 3261 [RFC3261], if a re-INVITE is
rejected, none of the state changes requested by the re-INVITE are
performed. The example in Figure 1 illustrates this point.
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UAC UAS
| |
|-------------(1) INVITE SDP1--------------->|
| |
|<------------(2) 200 OK SDP2----------------|
| |
|------------------(3) ACK------------------>|
| |
| |
|-------------(4) INVITE SDP3--------------->|
| |
|<-----------------(5) 6xx-------------------|
| |
|------------------(6) ACK------------------>|
| |
Figure 1: Rejection of a re-INVITE
The UAs perform an offer/answer exchange to establish an audio-only
session:
SDP1:
m=audio 30000 RTP/AVP 0
SDP2:
m=audio 31000 RTP/AVP 0
At a later point, the UAC sends a re-INVITE (4) in order to add a
video stream to the session.
SDP3:
m=audio 30000 RTP/AVP 0
m=video 30002 RTP/AVP 31
The UAS is automatically configured to reject video streams.
Consequently, the UAS returns an error response (5). At that point,
the session parameters in use are still those resulting from the
initial offer/answer exchange, which are described by SDP1 and SDP2.
That is, the session and dialog states are the same as before the re-
INVITE was received.
In the previous example, the UAS rejected all the changes requested
in the re-INVITE by returning an error response. However, there are
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situations where a UAS wants to accept some but not all the changes
requested in a re-INVITE. In these cases, the UAS generates a 200
(OK) response with an SDP indicating which changes were accepted and
which were not. The example in Figure 2 illustrates this point.
UAC UAS
| |
|-------------(1) INVITE SDP1--------------->|
| |
|<------------(2) 200 OK SDP2----------------|
| |
|------------------(3) ACK------------------>|
| |
| |
|-------------(4) INVITE SDP3--------------->|
| |
|<------------(5) 200 OK SDP4----------------|
| |
|------------------(6) ACK------------------>|
| |
Figure 2: Automatic rejection of a video stream
The UAs perform an offer/answer exchange to establish an audio only
session:
SDP1:
m=audio 30000 RTP/AVP 0
c=IN IP4 192.0.2.1
SDP2:
m=audio 31000 RTP/AVP 0
c=IN IP4 192.0.2.5
At a later point, the UAC moves to an access that provides a higher-
bandwidth. Therefore, the UAC sends a re-INVITE (4) in order to
change the IP address where it receives the audio stream to its new
IP address, and add a video stream to the session.
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SDP3:
m=audio 30000 RTP/AVP 0
c=IN IP4 192.0.2.2
m=video 30002 RTP/AVP 31
c=IN IP4 192.0.2.2
The UAS is automatically configured to reject video streams.
However, the UAS needs to accept the change of the audio stream's
remote IP address. Consequently, the UAS returns a 200 (OK) response
and sets the port of the video stream to zero in its SDP.
SDP4:
m=audio 31000 RTP/AVP 0
c=IN IP4 192.0.2.5
m=video 0 RTP/AVP 31
c=IN IP4 192.0.2.2
In the previous example, the UAS was configured to automatically
reject the addition of video streams. The example in Figure 3
assumes that the UAS requires its user's input in order to accept or
reject the addition of a video stream and uses reliable provisional
responses [RFC3262] (PRACK transactions are not shown for clarity).
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UAC UAS
| |
|-------------(1) INVITE SDP1--------------->|
| |
|<------------(2) 200 OK SDP2----------------|
| |
|------------------(3) ACK------------------>|
| |
| |
|-------------(4) INVITE SDP3--------------->|
| |
|<----(5) 183 Session Progress SDP4----------|
| |
| |
|<------------(6) UPDATE SDP5----------------|
| |
|-------------(7) 200 OK SDP6--------------->|
| |
|<---------------(8) 200 OK------------------|
| |
|------------------(9) ACK------------------>|
| |
Figure 3: Rejection of a video stream by the user
Everything up to (4) is identical to the previous example. In (5),
the UAS accepts the change of the audio stream's remote IP address
but does not accept the video stream yet (it provides a null IP
address instead of setting the stream to 'inactive' because inactive
streams still need to exchange RTCP traffic).
SDP4:
m=audio 31000 RTP/AVP 0
c=IN IP4 192.0.2.5
m=video 31002 RTP/AVP 31
c=IN IP4 0.0.0.0
At a later point, the UAS's user rejects the addition of the video
stream. Consequently, the UAS sends an UPDATE request setting the
port of the video stream to zero in its SDP.
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SDP5:
m=audio 31000 RTP/AVP 0
c=IN IP4 192.0.2.5
m=video 0 RTP/AVP 31
c=IN IP4 0.0.0.0
The UAS now returns a 200 (OK) response to the re-INVITE.
4. Problems with Error Responses and Already-executed Changes
Section 3 contains examples on how a UAS rejects all the changes
requested in a re-INVITE without executing any of them by returning
an error response (Figure 1), and how a UAS executes some of the
changes requested in a re-INVITE and rejects some of them by
returning a 2xx response (Figure 2 and Figure 3). A UAS can accept
and reject different sets of changes simultaneously ((Figure 2) or at
different times (Figure 3).
The scenario that created confusion among implementors consist of a
UAS that receives a re-INVITE, executes some of the changes requested
in it, and then wants to reject all those already-executed changes
and revert to the pre-re-INVITE state. Such a UAS may consider
returning an error response to the re-INVITE (the message flow would
be similar to the one in Figure 1), or using an UPDATE request to
revert to the pre-re-INVITE state and then returning a 2xx response
to the re-INVITE (the message flow would be similar to the one in
Figure 3). This section explains the problems associated with
returning an error response in these circumstances. In order to
avoid these problems, the UAS should use the latter option (UPDATE
request plus a 2xx response). Section 5 and Section 6 contain the
normative statements needed to avoid these problems.
The reason for not using an error response to undo already executed
changes is that an error response to a re-INVITE for which changes
have already been executed is effectively requesting a change in the
session or the dialog state. However, the UAC has no means to reject
those changes if it is unable to execute them. That is, if the UAC
is unable to revert to the pre-re-INVITE state, it will not be able
to communicate this fact to the UAS.
Using an error response to undo already executed changes presents an
additional problem. Section 4 of [RFC3264] specifies rules to avoid
glare situations (i.e., to avoid offer/answer collisions in race
conditions). Even when both UAs generate an offer at the same time,
there are rules to determine which one should be processed first.
However, there are no rules to avoid a collision between an offer in
an UPDATE request and an error response for a re-INVITE. Since both
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the UPDATE request and the error response would request changes, it
would not be clear which changes would need to be executed first.
This is yet another reason why UASs should not use error responses to
undo already-executed changes.
5. UAS Behavior
UASs should only return an error response to a re-INVITE if no
changes to the session or to the dialog state have been executed
since the re-INVITE was received. Such an error response indicates
that no changes have been executed as a result of the re-INVITE or
any other transaction within it.
If any of the changes requested in a re-INVITE or in any transaction
within it have already been executed, the UAS MUST always return a
2xx response.
A change to the session state is considered to have been executed
when the new media parameters are being used. Therefore, a change to
a stream subject to preconditions [RFC4032] is considered to have
been executed when the new media parameters start being used; not
when the preconditions for the stream are met. Unsurprisingly, the
UAS considers the new parameters to be in use when it actually starts
using them. As described in Section 8.3.1 of RFC 3264 [RFC3264], the
UAC considers the new parameters to be in use when media is received
in the new port, which should be interpreted as follows:
Received, in this case, means that the media is passed to a media
sink. This means that if there is a playout buffer, the agent
would continue to listen on the old port until the media on the
new port reached the top of the playout buffer. At that time, it
MAY cease listening for media on the old port.
6. UAC Behavior
The behavior of a UAC communicating with a UAS that supports this
specification (i.e., a UAS that follows the guidelines in Section 5)
is straight forward. However, a UAC may face a legacy UAS that uses
an error response to undo already-executed changes within a re-
INVITE.
In order to cope with this type of UAS, a UAC that receives an error
response to a re-INVITE for which changes have been already executed
SHOULD generate a new re-INVITE or UPDATE request in order to make
sure that both UAs have a common view of the state of the session.
The purpose of this new offer/answer exchange is to synchronize both
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UAs, not to request changes that the UAS may choose to reject.
Therefore, the session parameters in the offer/answer exchange SHOULD
be as close as those in the pre-re-INVITE state as possible.
7. Clarifications on Cancelling Re-INVITEs
Section 9.2 of RFC 3261 [RFC3261] specifies the behavior of a UAS
responding to a CANCEL request as follows:
If the original request was an INVITE, the UAS SHOULD immediately
respond to the INVITE with a 487 (Request Terminated).
Per the rules specified in Section 5, if the INVITE request was a re-
INVITE and some of its requested changes had already been executed,
the UAS would return a 2xx response instead.
8. Background on Target Refresh Requests
A target refresh request is defined as follows in Section 6 of RFC
3261 [RFC3261]:
A target refresh request sent within a dialog is defined as a
request that can modify the remote target of the dialog.
On receiving a target refresh request, a UAS updates the remote
target of the dialog immediately, as specified in Section 12.2.2 of
RFC 3261 [RFC3261]:
When a UAS receives a target refresh request, it MUST replace the
dialog's remote target URI with the URI from the Contact header
field in that request, if present.
On receiving a 2xx response for a target refresh request, a UAC
updates the remote target of the dialog immediately, as specified in
Section 12.2.1.2 of RFC 3261 [RFC3261]:
When a UAC receives a 2xx response to a target refresh request, it
MUST replace the dialog's remote target URI with the URI from the
Contact header field in that response, if present.
9. Clarifications on Target Refresh Requests
On receiving a target refresh request with an updated remote target,
a UAS updates the remote target of the dialog immediately. This
update represents the execution of a state change. Therefore,
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following the rules in Section 5, UASs always return 2xx responses to
target refresh requests that update the remote target.
10. Example
This section contains an example of a UAS that supports this
specification using an UPDATE request and a 2xx response to a re-
INVITE in order to revert to the pre-re-INVITE state. The example,
which is shown in Figure 4, assumes that the UAS requires its user's
input in order to accept or reject the addition of a video stream and
uses reliable provisional responses [RFC3262] (PRACK transactions are
not shown for clarity).
UAC UAS
| |
|-------------(1) INVITE SDP1--------------->|
| |
|<------------(2) 200 OK SDP2----------------|
| |
|------------------(3) ACK------------------>|
| |
| |
|-------------(4) INVITE SDP3--------------->|
| |
|<----(5) 183 Session Progress SDP4----------|
| |
|-------------(6) UPDATE SDP5--------------->|
| |
|<------------(7) 200 OK SDP6----------------|
| |
| |
|<------------(8) UPDATE SDP7----------------|
| |
|-------------(9) 200 OK SDP8--------------->|
| |
|<--------------(10) 200 OK------------------|
| |
|-----------------(11) ACK------------------>|
| |
Figure 4: Rejection of a video stream by the user
The UAs perform an offer/answer exchange to establish an audio only
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session:
SDP1:
m=audio 30000 RTP/AVP 0
c=IN IP4 192.0.2.1
SDP2:
m=audio 31000 RTP/AVP 0
c=IN IP4 192.0.2.5
At a later point, the UAC sends a re-INVITE (4) in order to add a new
codec to the audio stream and to add a video stream to the session.
SDP3:
m=audio 30000 RTP/AVP 0 3
c=IN IP4 192.0.2.1
m=video 30002 RTP/AVP 31
c=IN IP4 192.0.2.1
In (5), the UAS accepts the addition of the audio codec but does not
accept the video stream yet (it provides a null IP address instead of
setting the stream to 'inactive' because inactive streams still need
to exchange RTCP traffic).
SDP4:
m=audio 31000 RTP/AVP 0 3
c=IN IP4 192.0.2.5
m=video 31002 RTP/AVP 31
c=IN IP4 0.0.0.0
At a later point, the UAC sends an UPDATE request (6) to remove the
original audio codec from the audio stream (the UAC could have also
used the PRACK to (5) to request this change).
SDP5:
m=audio 30000 RTP/AVP 3
c=IN IP4 192.0.2.1
m=video 30002 RTP/AVP 31
c=IN IP4 192.0.2.1
SDP6:
m=audio 31000 RTP/AVP 3
c=IN IP4 192.0.2.5
m=video 31002 RTP/AVP 31
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c=IN IP4 0.0.0.0
Yet at a later point, the UAS's user rejects the addition of the
video stream. Additionally, the UAS decides to revert to the
original audio codec. Consequently, the UAS sends an UPDATE request
(8) setting the port of the video stream to zero and offering the
original audio codec in its SDP.
SDP7:
m=audio 31000 RTP/AVP 0
c=IN IP4 192.0.2.5
m=video 0 RTP/AVP 31
c=IN IP4 0.0.0.0
The UAC accepts the change in the audio codec in its 200 (OK)
response (9) to the UPDATE request.
SDP5:
m=audio 30000 RTP/AVP 0
c=IN IP4 192.0.2.1
m=video 0 RTP/AVP 31
c=IN IP4 192.0.2.1
The UAS now returns a 200 (OK) response (10) to the re-INVITE. Note
that the media state after this 200 (OK) response is the same as the
pre-re-INVITE media state.
11. Security Considerations
This document does not introduce any new security issue. Security
issues related to re-INVITEs and UPDATE requests are discussed in RFC
3261 [RFC3261] and RFC 3311 [RFC3311].
12. IANA Considerations
There are no IANA actions associated with this document.
13. Acknowledgements
Paul Kyzivat, Christer Holmberg, and Yang Gao provided useful ideas
on the topics discussed in this document.
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14. Normative References
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
[RFC3261] Rosenberg, J., Schulzrinne, H., Camarillo, G., Johnston,
A., Peterson, J., Sparks, R., Handley, M., and E.
Schooler, "SIP: Session Initiation Protocol", RFC 3261,
June 2002.
[RFC3262] Rosenberg, J. and H. Schulzrinne, "Reliability of
Provisional Responses in Session Initiation Protocol
(SIP)", RFC 3262, June 2002.
[RFC3264] Rosenberg, J. and H. Schulzrinne, "An Offer/Answer Model
with Session Description Protocol (SDP)", RFC 3264,
June 2002.
[RFC3311] Rosenberg, J., "The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)
UPDATE Method", RFC 3311, October 2002.
[RFC4032] Camarillo, G. and P. Kyzivat, "Update to the Session
Initiation Protocol (SIP) Preconditions Framework",
RFC 4032, March 2005.
Authors' Addresses
Gonzalo Camarillo
Ericsson
Hirsalantie 11
Jorvas 02420
Finland
Email: Gonzalo.Camarillo@ericsson.com
Christer Holmberg
Ericsson
Hirsalantie 11
Jorvas 02420
Finland
Email: Christer.Holmberg@ericsson.com
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Yang Gao
ZTE
China
Email: gao.yang2@zte.com.cn
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