One document matched: draft-aboba-radext-wlan-04.txt
Differences from draft-aboba-radext-wlan-03.txt
Network Working Group Bernard Aboba
INTERNET-DRAFT Microsoft Corporation
Category: Proposed Standard Jouni Malinen
Expires: December 25, 2007 Devicescape Software
26 June 2007
RADIUS Attributes for WLAN
draft-aboba-radext-wlan-04.txt
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Copyright Notice
Copyright (C) The IETF Trust (2007). All Rights Reserved.
Abstract
This document proposes additional attributes for use by wireless LAN
authenticators. The attributes defined in this document are usable
both within RADIUS and Diameter.
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Table of Contents
1. Introduction .......................................... 3
1.1 Terminology ..................................... 3
1.2 Requirements Language ........................... 4
2. RADIUS attributes ..................................... 4
2.1 Allowed-Called-Station-Id ....................... 4
2.2 EAP-Key-Name .................................... 5
2.3 EAP-Peer-Id ..................................... 6
2.4 EAP-Server-Id ................................... 7
2.5 Mobility-Domain-Id .............................. 8
2.6 Preauth-Timeout ................................. 8
2.7 EAP-Lower-Layer ................................. 9
3. Table of attributes ................................... 10
4. Diameter Considerations ............................... 10
5. IANA Considerations ................................... 11
6. Security Considerations ............................... 12
7. References ............................................ 13
7.1 Normative References .................................. 13
7.2 Informative References ................................ 13
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .............................................. 14
AUTHORS' ADDRESSES ........................................... 14
Full Copyright Statement ..................................... 15
Intellectual Property ........................................ 15
Disclaimer of Validity ....................................... 15
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1. Introduction
In situations where it is desirable to centrally manage
authentication, authorization and accounting (AAA) for IEEE 802.11
wireless LANs [IEEE-802.11], deployment of a backend authentication
and accounting server is desirable. In such situations, it is
expected that IEEE 802.11 authenticators will function as AAA
clients. This document defines additional attributes suitable for
usage by IEEE 802.11 authenticators acting as AAA clients. The
attributes defined in this document are usable both within RADIUS and
Diameter.
1.1. Terminology
This document uses the following terms:
Access Point (AP)
A Station that provides access to the distribution services
via the wireless medium for associated Stations.
Association
The service used to establish Access Point/Station mapping and
enable Station invocation of the distribution system services.
authenticator
An authenticator is an entity that require authentication from
the supplicant. The authenticator may be connected to the
supplicant at the other end of a point-to-point LAN segment or
802.11 wireless link.
authentication server
An authentication server is an entity that provides an
authentication service to an authenticator. This service
verifies from the credentials provided by the supplicant, the
claim of identity made by the supplicant.
Station (STA)
Any device that contains an IEEE 802.11 conformant medium
access control (MAC) and physical layer (PHY) interface to the
wireless medium (WM).
Supplicant
A supplicant is an entity that is being authenticated by an
authenticator. The supplicant may be connected to the
authenticator at one end of a point-to-point LAN segment or
802.11 wireless link.
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1.2. Requirements Language
In this document, several words are used to signify the requirements
of the specification. The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED",
"SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY",
and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in
[RFC2119].
2. RADIUS attributes
2.1. Allowed-Called-Station-Id
Description
The Allowed-Called-Station-Id Attribute allows the RADIUS server
to specify which Called-Station-Ids and SSIDs the user is allowed
to access. One or more Allowed-Called-Station-Id attributes MAY
be included in an Access-Accept or CoA-Request packet. A summary
of the Allowed-Called-Station-Id Attribute format is shown below.
The fields are transmitted from left to right.
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Type | Length | String...
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Code
TBD
Length
>=3
String
The String field is one or more octets, containing the layer 2
endpoint that the user's call is allowed to be terminated on, as
specified in the definition of Called-Station-Id in [RFC2865]
Section 5.30 and [RFC3580] Section 3.20. In the case of IEEE 802,
the Allowed-Called-Station-Id Attribute is used to store the
bridge or Access Point MAC address in ASCII format (upper case
only), with octet values separated by a "-". Example:
"00-10-A4-23-19-C0". In IEEE 802.11, where restrictions on both
SSID and Access Point MAC address usage are intended, the SSID
MUST be appended to the Access Point MAC address, separated from
the MAC address with a ":". Example "00-10-A4-23-19-C0:AP1".
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Where no MAC address restriction is intended, the MAC address
field MUST be omitted, but the ":" and SSID fields MUST be
included. Example ":AP1".
If the user attempts to connect to the NAS from a Called-Station-
Id that does not match one of the Allowed-Called-Station-Id
attributes, then the user MUST NOT be permitted to access the
network.
The Allowed-Called-Station-Id Attribute is useful in situations
where users can connect to a NAS without an Access-Request being
sent by the NAS to the RADIUS server (e.g. IEEE 802.11 PMK
caching), or where pre-authentication may be supported (e.g. IEEE
802.11 pre-authentication) so it is possible that the SSID will
not be included in a Called-Station-Id Attribute within the
Access-Request. In these cases, it can be desirable for the
RADIUS server to provide the NAS with usage restrictions.
2.2. EAP-Key-Name
Description
The EAP-Key-Name Attribute, defined in [RFC4072], contains the EAP
Session-Id, as described in [KEYFRAME]. Exactly how this
Attribute is used depends on the link layer in question.
It should be noted that not all link layers use this name and
existing EAP method implementations do not generate it. An EAP-
Key-Name Attribute MAY be included within Access-Request, Access-
Accept and CoA-Request packets. A summary of the EAP-Key-Name
Attribute format is shown below. The fields are transmitted from
left to right.
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Type | Length | String...
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Code
102 [RFC4072]
Length
>=2
String
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The String field, when present, is one or more octets, containing
the EAP Session-Id, as defined in [KEYFRAME]. Since the NAS
operates as a pass-through in EAP, it cannot know the EAP Session-
Id before receiving it from the RADIUS server. As a result, an
EAP-Key-Name Attribute sent in an Access-Request MUST NOT contain
any data. A RADIUS server receiving an Access-Request with an
EAP-Key-Name Attribute containing data MUST silently discard the
Attribute. In addition, the RADIUS server SHOULD only include
this Attribute in an Access-Accept or CoA-Request if an EAP-Key-
Name Attribute was present in the Access-Request.
2.3. EAP-Peer-Id
Description
The EAP-Peer-Id Attribute contains a Peer-Id generated by the EAP
method. Exactly how this name is used depends on the link layer
in question. See [KEYFRAME] for more discussion. The EAP-Peer-Id
Attribute MAY be included in Access-Request, Access-Accept and
Accounting-Request packets. More than one EAP-Peer-Id Attribute
MUST NOT be included in an Access-Request; one or more EAP-Peer-Id
attributes MAY be included in an Access-Accept.
It should be noted that not all link layers use this name, and
existing EAP method implementations do not generate it. Since the
NAS operates as a pass-through in EAP, it cannot know the EAP-
Peer-Id before receiving it from the RADIUS server. As a result,
an EAP-Peer-Id Attribute sent in an Access-Request MUST NOT
contain any data. A home RADIUS server receiving an Access-
Request an EAP-Peer-Id Attribute with non-empty data MUST silently
discard the Attribute. In addition, the home RADIUS server SHOULD
include one or more EAP-Peer-Id attributes in an Access-Accept
only if an empty EAP-Peer-Id Attribute was present in the Access-
Request. A summary of the EAP-Peer-Id Attribute format is shown
below. The fields are transmitted from left to right.
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Type | Length | String...
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Code
TBD
Length
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>=2
String
The String field, when present, is one or more octets containing a
EAP Peer-Id exported by the EAP method. For details, see
[KEYFRAME] Appendix A. A robust implementation SHOULD support the
field as undistinguished octets.
2.4. EAP-Server-Id
Description
The EAP-Server-Id Attribute contains a Server-Id generated by the
EAP method. Exactly how this name is used depends on the link
layer in question. See [KEYFRAME] for more discussion. The EAP-
Server-Id Attribute is only allowed in Access-Request, Access-
Accept, and Accounting-Request packets. More than one EAP-Server-
Id Attribute MUST NOT be included in an Access-Request; one or
more EAP-Server-Id attributes MAY be included in an Access-Accept.
It should be noted that not all link layers use this name, and
existing EAP method implementations do not generate it. Since the
NAS operates as a pass-through in EAP, it cannot know the EAP-
Server-Id before receiving it from the RADIUS server. As a
result, an EAP-Server-Id Attribute sent in an Access-Request MUST
NOT contain any data. A home RADIUS server receiving in an
Access-Request an EAP-Server-Id Attribute with non-empty data MUST
silently discard the Attribute. In addition, the home RADIUS
server SHOULD include this Attribute an Access-Accept only if an
empty EAP-Server-Id Attribute was present in the Access-Request.
A summary of the EAP-Server-Id Attribute format is shown below.
The fields are transmitted from left to right.
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Type | Length | String...
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Code
TBD
Length
>=2
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String
The String field, when present, is one or more octets, containing
the EAP Server-Id exported by the EAP method. For details, see
[KEYFRAME] Appendix A. A robust implementation SHOULD support the
field as undistinguished octets.
2.5. Mobility-Domain-Id
Description
A single Mobility-Domain-Id Attribute MAY be included in an
Access-Request or Accounting-Request, in order to enable the NAS
to provide the RADIUS server with the Mobility Domain Identifier,
defined in [IEEE-802.11r]. A summary of the Mobility-Domain-Id
Attribute format is shown below. The fields are transmitted from
left to right.
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Type | Length | String...
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Code
TBD
Length
>=3
String
The String field contains one or more octets, encoding a single
Mobility Domain Identifier as defined in [IEEE-802.11r]. UTF-8
encoded 10646 characters are recommended, but a robust
implementation SHOULD support the field as undistinguished octets.
2.6. Preauth-Timeout
Description
This Attribute sets the maximum number of seconds which pre-
authentication state is kept by the NAS. This Attribute MAY be
sent by the server to the NAS in an Access-Accept. Where both
Session-Timeout and Preauth-Timeout attributes are present in an
Access-Accept, the Session-Timeout Attribute refers only to the
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maximum session time after the station associates with the AP and
is enabled to send data frames through it. A summary of the
Preauth-Timeout Attribute format is shown below. The fields are
transmitted from left to right.
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Type | Length | Value
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Value (cont) |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Code
TBD
Length
6
Value
The field is 4 octets, containing a 32-bit unsigned integer with
the maximum number of seconds that pre-authentication state should
be retained by the NAS.
2.7. EAP-Lower-Layer
Description
This Attribute indicates the lower layer over which EAP is
transported. This Attribute MAY be sent by the NAS to the server
in an Access-Request or an Accounting-Request packet. A summary
of the EAP-Lower-Layer Attribute format is shown below. The
fields are transmitted from left to right.
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Type | Length | Value
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Value (cont) |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Code
TBD
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Length
6
Value
The field is 4 octets, containing the following values:
1 - Wired IEEE 802.1X Version 1 (2001)
2 - Wired IEEE 802.1X Version 2 (2004)
3 - WPA
4 - WPA2 (no pre-authentication)
5 - WPA2, IEEE 802.1X pre-authentication
6 - IEEE 802.11r
7 - IEEE 802.11s
8 - IEEE 802.11af
9 - IEEE 802.16e
10 - IKEv2
11 - PPP
12 - PANA (no pre-authentication)
3. Table of attributes
The following table provides a guide to which attributes may be found
in which kinds of packets, and in what quantity.
Access- Access- Access- Access- CoA- Acct-
Request Accept Reject Challenge Req Req # Attribute
0 0+ 0 0 0+ 0 TBD Allowed-Called-Station-Id
0-1 0-1 0 0 0-1 0 102 EAP-Key-Name
0+ 0+ 0 0 0 0+ TBD EAP-Peer-Id
0+ 0+ 0 0 0 0+ TBD EAP-Server-Id
0-1 0 0 0 0 0-1 TBD Mobility-Domain-Id
0-1 0-1 0 0 0 0 TBD Preauth-Timeout
0-1 0 0 0 0 0-1 TBD EAP-Lower-Layer
The following table defines the meaning of the above table entries.
0 This Attribute MUST NOT be present in packet.
0+ Zero or more instances of this Attribute MAY be
present in the packet.
0-1 Zero or one instance of this Attribute MAY be
present in the packet.
4. Diameter Considerations
The EAP-Key-Name Attribute is already defined as a RADIUS Attribute
within Diameter EAP [RFC4072].
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When used in Diameter, the other attributes defined in this
specification can be used as Diameter AVPs from the Code space 1-255
(RADIUS Attribute compatibility space). No additional Diameter Code
values are therefore allocated. The data types and flag rules for
the attributes are as follows:
+---------------------+
| AVP Flag rules |
|----+-----+----+-----|----+
| | |SHLD| MUST| |
Attribute Name Value Type |MUST| MAY | NOT| NOT|Encr|
-------------------------------|----+-----+----+-----|----|
Allowed-Called- | | | | | |
Station-Id UTF8String | M | P | | V | Y |
EAP-Peer-Id UTF8String | M | P | | V | Y |
EAP-Server-Id UTF8String | M | P | | V | Y |
Mobility-Domain-Id OctetString| | P,M | | V | Y |
Preauth-Timeout Unsigned32 | M | P | | V | Y |
EAP-Lower-Layer Unsigned32 | M | P | | V | Y |
-------------------------------|----+-----+----+-----|----|
The attributes in this specification have no special translation
requirements for Diameter to RADIUS or RADIUS to Diameter gateways;
they are copied as is, except for changes relating to headers,
alignment, and padding. See also [RFC 3588] Section 4.1 and [RFC
4005] Section 9.
What this specification says about the applicability of the
attributes for RADIUS Access-Request packets applies in Diameter to
AA-Request [RFC 4005] or Diameter-EAP-Request [RFC 4072]. What is
said about Access-Challenge applies in Diameter to AA-Answer [RFC
4005] or Diameter-EAP-Answer [RFC 4072] with Result-Code AVP set to
DIAMETER_MULTI_ROUND_AUTH.
What is said about Access-Accept applies in Diameter to AA-Answer or
Diameter-EAP-Answer messages that indicate success. Similarly, what
is said about RADIUS Access-Reject packets applies in Diameter to AA-
Answer or Diameter-EAP-Answer messages that indicate failure.
What is said about COA-Request applies in Diameter to Re-Auth-Request
[RFC 4005].
What is said about Accounting-Request applies to Diameter Accounting-
Request [RFC 4005] as well.
Aboba & Malinen Proposed Standard [Page 11]
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5. IANA Considerations
This document uses the RADIUS [RFC2865] namespace, see
<http://www.iana.org/assignments/radius-types>. This specification
requires assignment of a RADIUS attribute types for the following
attributes:
Attribute Type
========= ====
Allowed-Called-Station-Id TBD
EAP-Peer-Id TBD
EAP-Server-Id TBD
Mobility-Domain-Id TBD
Preauth-Timeout TBD
EAP-Lower-Layer TBD
This specification allocates the following decimal values for the
EAP-Lower-Layer Attribute:
1 - Wired IEEE 802.1X Version 1 (2001)
2 - Wired IEEE 802.1X Version 2 (2004)
3 - WPA
4 - WPA2 (no pre-authentication)
5 - WPA2, IEEE 802.1X pre-authentication
6 - IEEE 802.11r
7 - IEEE 802.11s
8 - IEEE 802.11af
9 - IEEE 802.16e
10 - IKEv2
11 - PPP
12 - PANA (no pre-authentication)
Additional values are allocated as described in [RFC3575] Section 2.1
(Designated Expert).
6. Security Considerations
Since this document describes the use of RADIUS for purposes of
authentication, authorization, and accounting in WLANs, it is
vulnerable to all of the threats that are present in other RADIUS
applications. For a discussion of these threats, see [RFC2607],
[RFC2865], [RFC3162], [RFC3576], [RFC3579], and [RFC3580].
Aboba & Malinen Proposed Standard [Page 12]
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7. References
7.1. Normative references
[IEEE-802.11]
Information technology - Telecommunications and information
exchange between systems - Local and metropolitan area
networks - Specific Requirements Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium
Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications,
IEEE Std. 802.11-2007, 2007.
[IEEE-802.11r]
Draft Amendment to Standard for Information technology -
Telecommunications and information exchange between systems -
Local and metropolitan area networks - Specific Requirements
Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and
Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications: Amendment 2: Fast BSS
Transition, IEEE P802.11r/D6.0, June 2007.
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", RFC 2119, March, 1997.
[RFC2865] Rigney, C., Rubens, A., Simpson, W. and S. Willens, "Remote
Authentication Dial In User Service (RADIUS)", RFC 2865, June
2000.
[RFC3575] Aboba, B., "IANA Considerations for RADIUS", RFC 3575, July
2003.
[RFC3748] Aboba, B., Blunk, L., Vollbrecht, J., Carlson, J. and H.
Levkowetz, "Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP)", RFC
3748, June 2004.
[RFC4072] Eronen, P., Hiller, T. and G. Zorn, "Diameter Extensible
Authentication Protocol (EAP) Application", RFC 4072, August
2005.
[KEYFRAME]
Aboba, B., Simon, D., Eronen, P. and H. Levkowetz, "EAP Key
Management Framework", draft-ietf-eap-keying-19.txt, June
2007.
7.2. Informative references
[RFC2607] Aboba, B. and J. Vollbrecht, "Proxy Chaining and Policy
Implementation in Roaming", RFC 2607, June 1999.
Aboba & Malinen Proposed Standard [Page 13]
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[RFC3162] Aboba, B., Zorn, G. and D. Mitton, "RADIUS and IPv6", RFC
3162, August 2001.
[RFC3575] Aboba, B., "IANA Considerations for RADIUS", RFC 3575, July
2003.
[RFC3576] Chiba, M., Dommety, G., Eklund, M., Mitton, D. and B. Aboba,
"Dynamic Authorization Extensions to Remote Authentication
Dial In User Service (RADIUS)", RFC 3576, July 2003.
[RFC3579] Aboba, B. and P. Calhoun, "RADIUS Support for Extensible
Authentication Protocol (EAP)", RFC 3579, September 2003.
[RFC3580] Congdon, P., Aboba, B., Smith, A., Zorn, G. and J. Roese,
"IEEE 802.1X Remote Authentication Dial In User Service
(RADIUS) Usage Guidelines", RFC 3580, September 2003.
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to acknowledge Dorothy Stanley of Aruba
Networks, Yoshihiro Ohba of Toshiba, and the contributors to the IEEE
802.11 review of this document.
Authors' Addresses
Bernard Aboba
Microsoft Corporation
One Microsoft Way
Redmond, WA 98052
EMail: bernarda@microsoft.com
Phone: +1 425 706 6605
Fax: +1 425 936 7329
Jouni Malinen
Devicescape Software, Inc.
900 Cherry Avenue
San Bruno, CA 94066
EMail: jkm@devicescape.com
Phone: +1 650 829 2600
Fax: +1 650 829 2601
Aboba & Malinen Proposed Standard [Page 14]
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Full Copyright Statement
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contained in BCP 78, and except as set forth therein, the authors
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Aboba & Malinen Proposed Standard [Page 15]
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Open issues
Open issues relating to this specification are tracked on the
following web site:
http://www.drizzle.com/~aboba/RADEXT/
Aboba & Malinen Proposed Standard [Page 16]
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