About this blog… I am employed by Netnod as head of research and development and am among other things chair of the Security and Stability Advisory Committee at ICANN and very active in the UN multistakeholder process IGF (Internet Governance Forum). You can find CV and photos of me at this page.
As I wear so many hats, I find it being necessary to somewhere express my personal view on things. This is the location where that happens. Postings on this blog, or at Facebook, Twitter etc, falls under this policy.
The views expressed on this post are mine and do not necessarily reflect the views of Netnod or any other of the organisations I have connections to.
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Diskussionen om DAB (Digital Audio Broadcasting) har kommit igång igen. En diskussion om ett system som är ett kvartssekel gammal. Som används av en handfull länder. Som redan kastats ut ur Finland och Frankrike. Som tvingar alla i Sverige köpa nya radioapparater där bara den kostnaden är några miljarder kronor. Och vad som är allra värst är att Sveriges Radio verkar lyckas få Regeringen att välja detta urusla system, så Sveriges Radio själva ska slippa stå med mössan i hand när det visar sig att man tog fel beslut. För alternativet är att kostnaden tas från programverksamheten, och det vet Sveriges Radio att Regeringen inte kan acceptera.
Diskussionen fokuserar på fel saker. Medvetet, påstår jag, blandas orden DAB och Digitalradio om vartannat. Man säger Digitalradio och menar DAB. Diskussionen om digitalradio måste utgå från målet med Public Service, och det anser jag vara tillgängliggörande av programmaterial. Målet med detta måste ändå vara att materialet blir tillgängligt och möjligt att ta del av för så många som möjligt. Och då måste det vara det som diskuteras. Detta måste göras utgående från ett teknikneutralt perspektiv till att börja med. Sedan måste dessutom naturligtvis en teknisk diskussion hållas. Idag blandas dessa ihop.
En gång i tiden gick det att tala om för lyssnarna och tittarna inte bara mer eller mindre vad de skulle titta och lyssna på (vi hade bara Public Service). Man kunde också tala om hur de skulle ta del av den informationen. Det var via marksänd radio och TV.
Idag har vi en helt annan värld.
Förändringen vi sett de senaste åren är lyssnaren över tiden har fått ännu mer makt. Inte bara val över vilken radiostation de ska lyssna på, utan också hur de ska ta del av materialet som sänds, och när. Flera typer av mottagare används och, detta är viktigt, de senaste åren har vi haft en mycket snabb ökning av lyssning “on demand” dvs podradio. Folk lyssnar inte på direktsändningar längre i samma utsträckning som tidigare.
Tyvärr är det enda som diskuteras om huruvida FM-nätet skall ersättas av DAB eller inte, även om orden som används är ersättning av FM med Digitalradio.
Det Sveriges Radio egentligen önskar är att Regeringen anslår pengar för just teknikerna DAB och DAB+. Därmed att Regeringen (och inte Sveriges Radio) tar den ekonomiska risken vad gäller det teknikval som man står inför. Men man gömmer denna begäran i en dimma av argumentation varför vi behöver en digitalisering av radioutsändningarna.
Jag anser det vara korrekt att Regeringen ger den hjälp för digitalisering som Sveriges Radio behöver. Men valet av vilken teknik för digitalradio som skall användas måste stanna hos Sveriges Radio. Speciellt som jag hittills inte träffat på en enda radiotekniker som anser DAB (eller DAB+) vara en teknik som är väl vald och uppfyller de krav som kan ställas vad gäller täckning och funktionalitet. Dessutom måste naturligtvis dessa nya nät som skall byggas i Sverige med nya radiosändare vara framtidssäkra. Och just framtidssäkra är något som speciella nät för enstaka applikationer och tjänster aldrig är.
Kan vi inte börja digitaliseringen av radion genom att använda de nät som vi redan betalar för? Såsom att sända radio i de nät som byggts för marksänd TV (DVB-T och DVB-T2)? Sveriges Radio sände där, vilket gav möjlighet till riktigt högkvalitativt multikanalljud. Sändningar som avbröts. Varför? Dessutom har utvecklingen av tillgängliggörande av programmaterial över Internet bara börjat. Varför finns inte Sveriges Radios material i Spotify och andra bärare av programmaterial?
Själv slutade jag lyssna på radio via FM för ett tag sedan för att enbart lyssna över Internet. Sista spiken i kistan var när jag upptäckte min nya bil kunde kommunicera med min mobiltelefon via blåtand. Detta gör det möjligt att använda SverigesRadioPlay i bilen, och inte bara hemma. Dvs hela tiden.
Och ska man tvunget ha ett separat markbundet nät för distribution av radio ska man ta fasta på vad man måste ställa för krav på det, och där inkluderar jag täckning (så man speciellt får bra täckning där inte Internetaccess finns), minimera antal sändare (av kostnads- och underhållsskäl) och att använda radiofrekvenser så effektivt som möjligt.
Dessa krav uppfylls inte av DAB, eller DAB+. Alls. Istället finns modernare teknologier som DRM (Digital Radio Mondiale) som kan användas både över kortvåg och FM.
Så, vad tycker jag ska göras:
Regeringen och andra myndigheter skall ta teknikneutrala beslut. Slå fast att digitalisering av radio är en bra sak, stötta det arbetet, men aldrig någonsin tala om vilken eller vilka tekniker som skall användas. Kostnaden, och därmed risken, måste tas av den som tar beslut om (ev. ett felaktigt) teknikval. Därmed blir det Sveriges Radio som måste avgöra om det är värt kostnaderna att t.ex. göra en satsning på DAB.
Sveriges Radio såsom producent av programmaterial skall se till att de finns där lyssnarna finns, och för detta finns det som jag ser det ganska många intressanta alternativ. Inte bara fortsatt sändning över FM som naturligtvis en dag bör läggas ner, eller direkt- eller pod-sändning över Internet. DVB-T och DVB-T2 som används för mark-tv och parallellt med det satellit- och kabeltvnät som har mottagare som kan ta emot radio. Att inte Sveriges Radio och andra finns på dessa plattformar förvånar mig en del.
Till slut så har vi ändå frågan om DAB. DAB, och senare DAB+, är tekniker som utvecklades på 1980 och 90-talet. Tekniken är relativt usel, och tester som körts visar på en hel mängd problem. Betydligt bättre resultat har fåtts vid tester med DRM och DRM+, vilka är betydligt modernare standarder som bl.a. ger betydligt bättre täckning för både fasta och mobila mottagare än vad man någonsin lyckats eller kommer lyckas få med ens DAB+.
Men denna teknikdiskussion ska inte Regeringen lägga sig i. Alls. Det kommer bara sluta med katastrof där lobbyister lyckas få igenom det teknikval som i sin tur leder till den affärsmodell de önskar. Utan att de behöver ta någon ekonomisk risk.
Om Regeringen väljer teknik, och budgeten som sattes för detta var fel, då kommer Staten, dvs vi skattebetalare, få betala. För en misslyckad budgetering av ett felaktigt teknikval. Som tvingar dubbla sändningskostnader under många år.
Och det har jag inget intresse av.
Alls.
Diskussionen om DAB (Digital Audio Broadcasting) har kommit igång igen. En diskussion om ett system som är ett kvartssekel gammal. Som används av en handfull länder. Som redan kastats ut...
I and many with me have serious issues with Proposal for a REGULATION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL on electronic identification and trust services for electronic transactions in the internal market’ COM(2012) 238/2, and no, it is not only the very long name of the proposal, but that the way it tries to solve the problem with the fact Directive 1999/93/EC on a ‘Community framework for electronic signatures’ has not been implemented. In reality, I think the problem that it is not implemented is that the Directive tried to impose on entities who to trust. One can never do that. Whoever is to take and calculate a risk must both benefit from a trust service and be able to choose as many parameters as possible.
Also note that what now is created is a Regulation. Not a Directive. If this regulation that is on its way through the European Parliament passes, it is immediately legislation. It is not, as a directive, to be implemented in national legislation.
But this explanation might not explain clearly enough why the regulation is bad. My friend Fredrik Ljunggren at Kirei has explained very well the flaws of the regulation. Below are his words:
I think the problems are:
- The focus on a government-provided electronic identification scheme using a single technology, which have been tried in several member states and failed miserably every single time. I’m not aware of a single successful roll-out of government issued PKI-based tokens to citizens (successful = where citizens actually use the tokens) during the decade of the old directive (1999/93/EC).
- The lack of a trust framework, which would clearly define assurance levels for interoperability. This is not suitable to have in a legislation, but is rather a set of rules mutually agreed between the stakeholders (the MS in this case). The regulation should provide (just) the foundation for such a mutually agreed trust.
- The complexity and low-level technocratic approach has been discussed in many fora. It focuses on the methodology, not the goals to achieve. Rather than harmonizing the legal status of an electronic signature, it regulates everything from how time should be provided to the requirements of a device for creating such signatures. Hand-written signatures can be created on any paper, using any type of pen. And we have not had the need for a certification scheme of watches and clocks before.
- There is no clear trust model. It is immensely unclear what liability a MS would assume on behalf of a trust service provider for participating in this model. Also, it prohibits any business model where the costs are transferred to where the benefits arise (the relying parties). This is a key to get the ecosystem started, as I believe the development are driven by market forces rather than incubated by the government using tax money (see bullet 1). This is also closely tied to bullet 2.
In my opinion, a regulation must be the lowest common denominator necessary to facilitate interoperable trust between MS. Everything beyond that is just likely to create obstacles for the very purpose of the regulation. As evidence I refer to the old directive.
The trust have to originate from voluntary agreements. No entity can be forced to trust another, they would do it for their own benefit and choose who to trust. A federation (or similar constellation of trust service providers) would be a way for a relying party to establish transitive trust to possibly a large numbers of trust service providers. It is purely something to facilitate integration, and even within a federation, an entity may have separate rules for who to trust and not trust.
I and many with me have serious issues with Proposal for a REGULATION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL on electronic identification and trust services for electronic transactions in the internal...
I have been asked, specifically lately(!) to re-publish presentations I have had on naming, searching, finding and such things. Yes, I was working quite a lot with those things in the 1990′s. At the KTH in Stockholm, at Bunyip in Montréal and then at Tele2 in Stockholm.
Some of the base ideas that you can find in these presentations are still very close to me:
- Search, lookup and fetch are three different operations, that operate on different data
- Naming is a complicated issue by itself, and should not be ignored
- Stability can be both across localities and over time
- A hierarchy of data is often in the eye of whoever is looking
But, I will stop there, and refer to these presentations I created between 1996 and 1999. Two of them together with Leslie Daigle that is now at Internet Society, ISOC.
I have been asked, specifically lately(!) to re-publish presentations I have had on naming, searching, finding and such things. Yes, I was working quite a lot with those things in...
Jag förstår att Jon Karlung på gårdagens Telekom hänvisade till ett mail jag skickat till honom vilket i sin tur triggades av den nyhet som Telekomnyheterna släppte igår 14:e februari “Så ska Bahnhof och Bredband2 ta död på KO-marknaden“.
Ja, jag är glad att denna fråga ställs. Men jag vill förtydliga varför jag ser denna fråga som så viktig.
Idag mer än någonsin transporteras alla tjänster över Internet. Därför är det för slutkund absolut viktigast att få en väl fungerande Internetaccess som har den karakteristik som slutkund önskar. Detta kan vara en mängd tekniska saker (som MTU, routing, adressering) men naturligtvis även pris (och hur priset beräknas) liksom möjlighet att få hjälp om saker är trasiga. Samtidigt som det är Internetaccessen som är det viktiga är det den som aktiverar nätet som påverkar och kan kontrollera ganska många av dessa parametrar.
Att ha en part som aktiverar ett fibernät och sedan fortfarande ha flera alternativa Internetleverantörer ger alltså inte i närheten samma mängd frihetsgrader för varierade produkter som om man har flera aktörer som kan aktivera samma fibernät.
Om det är andra tjänster än Internet som önskas är de oftare och oftare sådana att svart fiber krävs för att kunna t.ex. framföra annat än ethernet som L2-protokoll. Eller så är det VPN-lösningar där servicenivå i praktiken kräver att den som säljer sluttjänsten absolut måste ha kontroll över den aktiva utrustningen. En kontroll som kan vara direkt eller indirekt naturligtvis.
Detta samtidigt som naturligtvis inte alla operatörer som levererar Internetaccess kan eller kommer ha egen personal som sköter utrustning lokalt. Detta gör därför lokala servicebolag. Som till och med kan sköta L2- eller L3-transmission. Som bl.a. de som kallar sig KO eller Stadsnät gör idag.
Jag ser alltså inte att en förändring av hur vi ser på de roller som idag finns förändrar mycket i praktiken.
Men telefoni och TV frågar sig vän av ordning. Det har för mig ingenting med teknik att göra. Det kanske var det för några år sedan även om sådana som jag påstår att det inte heller då var speciellt intressant, tekniskt. Däremot är det extremt intressant affärsmässigt, och speciellt för slutkunden. Slutkunderna vill gärna ha samma leverantör för allt som de köper, en faktura, en kundtjänst att ringa till.
Men det är just detta helhetsansvar som för mig leder till slutsatsen att vi har ett för rörigt system idag. T.ex. har jag ett fall jag jobbar med i Karlshamn där det inte går att hyra svartfiber. Inte beroende på att produkten inte finns (eller för att vara ärlig, det vet jag inte) utan för att ingen vet vem som äger den fiber som man vill hyra. Det går alltså inte ens att få ett pris som är “för högt” eller svaret att fibern inte hyrs ut. Eller alla de fall jag stöter på där slutkund bollas mellan Internetoperatör, KO och fiberägare när felet är att “det inte kommer IP-paket”, kund blir ombedd att “starta om sin dator” och efter två veckor(!) visar det sig att en fiber inte var intryckt ordentligt i en ODF.
Det viktigaste är alltså att en slutkund får en Internetaccess som fungerar. Som uppfyller de krav slutkunden har. Och att om tjänsten inte är vad som önskas så skall slutkund kunna byta leverantör. I vissa fall (med gemensam transmission) sker bytet enkelt genom ändrad provisionering, i andra fall måste annan aktiv utrustning användas för att även den som sköter transmission byts.
Det viktigaste är därför att det aldrig är ett exklusivt avtal som skrivs mellan den som aktiverar fiber och fiberägaren.
Alla ska kunna hyra fiber. Enligt samma prislista.
Vi har gjort så för DSL, och där har operatörer både möjlighet att hyra bitström och LLUB. Varför inte för fiber? Jag har ställt mig den frågan sedan 2003 då jag på allvar började arbeta med dessa frågor, och jag har inte fått något bra svar.
Naturligtvis kommer den första aktören som aktiverar fiber få en fördel. En stor fördel. Och den kommer nog knipa så många kunder att aktör nummer två räknar mycket noga på om det är värt investeringen att ge sig in i samma område. Men denna andra aktör kan i varje fall göra det.
Naturligtvis har en fiberägare (eller fastighetsägare etc) intresse av att någon verkligen aktiverar hela det fibernät som byggts, och speciellt på landsbygden som är mer glesbefolkat kan det vara svårt. Då måste man kanske upphandla den part som a) aktiverar nätet och b) tillser att de anslutna hushållen får Internetaccess. Som motprestation kan denna part t.ex. få rabatt på prislistan när vissa mål vad gäller täckning uppnåtts. Men det är fortfarande inte ett exklusivt avtal.
Jag ser att stora bostadsbolag gör upphandlingar av KO och frågar mig varför. Speciellt frågar jag mig om dessa avtal är exklusiva. Om en hyresgäst önskar att annan part aktiverar fibern, är det möjligt? Om det inte är möjligt, vad ingår som krav på den som aktiverar vad gäller att klara alla typer av modern L2-teknologi som en slutkund kan vilja ha?
Just detta faktum att mer och mer av vår kommunikation går över en och samma kommunikationsmedium, Internet, ger att slutkund måste få välja hur denna skall levereras. Att tro att alla i samma kvarter önskar samma sak är bara löjligt naivt. Därför måste alla passiva nät byggas på ett sådant sätt att flera olika parter samtidigt kan aktivera nätet.
Slutkund har avtal med en leverantör av Internet och denna ska tillse att saker fungerar. Oavsett om denna leverantör lyser upp fibern själv eller köper transmission av t.ex. en part som idag kallas KO.
I kommande vecka kommer jag prata mer om detta, och speciellt hur viktigt det är med de två tjänsterna:
- För slutkund, Internetaccess
- Som grossistprodukt, svartfiber
Resten är för de inblandade parterna helt ointressant. Och jag ser en enormt stor marknad för de som sköter transmission och att bära IP-paket mellan ISP och slutkund. Om parterna så önskar. Men det måste finnas alternativ.
På FTTH Council Europe årliga möte i London kommande vecka (den 19 februari för att vara mer exakt) kommer jag mer i detalj prata om detta, och så snart presentationen hållits kommer jag även göra den tillgänglig här.
Därför stöttar jag Jon i sitt uttalande, för att få till en diskussion.
Slutkund köper Internetaccess. Tillhandahållare av Internetaccess använder svartfiberprodukt. Men om detta sker direkt eller indirekt, det är en fråga som skall diskuteras. Mycket mer. Och det måste vara slut på exklusiva avtal i fibernät. Vi har det inte i kopparnäten, så varför i fibernäten?
Jag förstår att Jon Karlung på gårdagens Telekom hänvisade till ett mail jag skickat till honom vilket i sin tur triggades av den nyhet som Telekomnyheterna släppte igår 14:e februari...
Today I got an email that crossed the 100 point line in spamassassin. Note that I also run gray listing, which this message has already passed. These are the categories the message did hit:
Content analysis details: (104.5 points, 5.0 required)
| pts |
rule name |
description |
| 3.5 |
BAYES_99 |
BODY: Bayes spam probability is 99 to 100% |
| 1.6 |
FSL_CTYPE_WIN1251 |
Content-Type only seen in 419 spam |
| 3.6 |
NSL_RCVD_FROM_USER |
Received from User |
| 1.0 |
MISSING_HEADERS |
Missing To: header |
| 3.2 |
MILLION_USD |
BODY: Talks about millions of dollars |
| 3.7 |
DEAR_BENEFICIARY |
BODY: Dear Beneficiary: |
| 1.8 |
US_DOLLARS_3 |
BODY: Mentions millions of $ ($NN,NNN,NNN.NN) |
| 1.2 |
MONEY_BACK |
BODY: Money back guarantee |
| 0.0 |
HTML_MESSAGE |
BODY: HTML included in message |
| 0.0 |
LOTS_OF_MONEY |
Huge… sums of money |
| 1.6 |
REPLYTO_WITHOUT_TO_CC |
REPLYTO_WITHOUT_TO_CC |
| 2.6 |
FROM_MISSP_MSFT |
From misspaced + supposed Microsoft tool |
| 1.5 |
FROM_MISSP_NO_TO |
From misspaced, To missing |
| 0.4 |
FSL_NEW_HELO_USER |
FSL_NEW_HELO_USER |
| 3.7 |
AXB_XMAILER_MIMEOLE_OL_024C2 |
AXB_XMAILER_MIMEOLE_OL_024C2 |
| 0.0 |
MSGID_FROM_MTA_HEADER |
Message-Id was added by a relay |
| 2.6 |
MSOE_MID_WRONG_CASE |
MSOE_MID_WRONG_CASE |
| 2.0 |
FSL_MISSP_REPLYTO |
Mis-spaced from and Reply-to |
| 1.6 |
FROM_MISSP_USER |
From misspaced, from “User” |
| 2.0 |
FBI_SPOOF |
Claims to be FBI, but not from FBI domain |
| 3.7 |
MONEY_FROM_MISSP |
Lots of money and misspaced From |
| 2.1 |
FREEMAIL_FORGED_REPLYTO |
Freemail in Reply-To, but not From |
| 0.9 |
FROM_MISSP_REPLYTO |
From misspaced, has Reply-To |
| 1.1 |
TO_NO_BRKTS_FROM_MSSP |
Multiple formatting errors |
| 1.3 |
FROM_MISSPACED |
From: missing whitespace |
| 3.4 |
FM_LOTTO_MONEY |
Talks about lotto and large money! |
| 0.0 |
FBI_MONEY |
The FBI wants to give you lots of money? |
| 2.0 |
FROM_MISSP_EH_MATCH |
From misspaced, matches envelope |
| 0.0 |
FROM_MISSP_URI |
From misspaced, has URI |
| 2.2 |
ADVANCE_FEE_4_NEW |
Appears to be advance fee fraud (Nigerian 419) |
| 3.6 |
MONEY_ATM_CARD |
Lots of money on an ATM card |
| 3.3 |
ADVANCE_FEE_5_NEW |
Appears to be advance fee fraud (Nigerian 419) |
| 1.9 |
FORGED_MUA_OUTLOOK |
Forged mail pretending to be from MS Outlook |
| 3.5 |
ADVANCE_FEE_3_NEW |
Appears to be advance fee fraud (Nigerian 419) |
| 0.0 |
FILL_THIS_FORM |
Fill in a form with personal information |
| 3.4 |
FILL_THIS_FORM_LONG |
Fill in a form with personal information |
| 3.5 |
TO_NO_BRKTS_MSFT |
To: misformatted and supposed Microsoft tool |
| 0.0 |
ADVANCE_FEE_4_NEW_FRM_MNY |
Advance Fee fraud form and lots of money |
| 0.0 |
ADVANCE_FEE_4_NEW_MONEY |
Advance Fee fraud and lots of money |
| 0.0 |
ADVANCE_FEE_4_NEW_FORM |
Advance Fee fraud and a form |
| 2.8 |
ADVANCE_FEE_5_NEW_MONEY |
Advance Fee fraud and lots of money |
| 2.4 |
ADVANCE_FEE_5_NEW_FORM |
Advance Fee fraud and a form |
| 3.4 |
ADVANCE_FEE_5_NEW_FRM_MNY |
Advance Fee fraud form and lots of money |
| 2.4 |
ADVANCE_FEE_3_NEW_FORM |
Advance Fee fraud and a form |
| 4.4 |
MONEY_FRAUD_5 |
Lots of money and many fraud phrases |
| 4.0 |
MONEY_FORM |
Lots of money if you fill out a form |
| 0.0 |
ADVANCE_FEE_2_NEW_FRM_MNY |
Advance Fee fraud form and lots of money |
| 1.1 |
ADVANCE_FEE_3_NEW_FRM_MNY |
Advance Fee fraud form and lots of money |
| 0.0 |
ADVANCE_FEE_2_NEW_FORM |
Advance Fee fraud and a form |
| 2.5 |
ADVANCE_FEE_3_NEW_MONEY |
Advance Fee fraud and lots of money |
| 0.0 |
MONEY_FRAUD_3 |
Lots of money and several fraud phrases |
| 4.5 |
ADVANCE_FEE_2_NEW_MONEY |
Advance Fee fraud and lots of money |
| 0.0 |
FORM_FRAUD_5 |
Fill a form and many fraud phrases |
| 3.7 |
FORM_FRAUD_3 |
Fill a form and several fraud phrases |
Now, you probably ask yourself what message actually did hit all of those rules, and here is an excerpt:
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Counter-terrorism Division and Cyber Crime Division J. Edgar. Hoover Building Washington DC Dear Beneficiary, Series of meetings have been held over the past 7 months with the secretary general of the United Nations Organization. This ended 3 days ago. It is obvious that you have not received your fund which is to the tune of Eight Million and Five Hundred Thousand United State Dollars ($8,500,000.00) due to past corrupt Governmental Officials who almost held the fund to themselves for their selfish reason and some individuals who have taken advantage of your fund all in an attempt to swindle your fund which has led to so many losses from your end and unnecessary delay in the receipt of your fund. [...]
Today I got an email that crossed the 100 point line in spamassassin. Note that I also run gray listing, which this message has already passed. These are the categories...
Jag var del av den svenska delegationen till Internationella Teleunionens möte WCIT i Dubai december 2012. Mötet slutade utan att man var överens om den slutgiltiga texten. Många länder skrev på, men EU, USA, Australien m.fl. valde att lämna mötet utan att skriva under det föreslagna fördraget. Detta beskrivs dock mer på andra ställen, och jag kan komma att återkomma till detta.
Det intressanta är dock flera av de olika spel som syntes mellan raderna.
Under det att WCIT avslutades och en mängd reservationer lämnades in av ett flertal länder (inklusive Sverige) och det var i de uttalanden som gjorde, de argumentationer som hördes (inte minst i korridorerna) samt i reservationerna som de verkliga åsikterna kom fram.
Idag i Svenska Dagbladet var det en artikel med titeln “Cameron: Vi skulle kriga igen för Falklandsöarna”. När jag läste den drog jag mig till minnes de reservationer från Argentina (nr 4) och Storbritannien (nr 93) som jag redan då lyfte på ögonbrynen åt. Dessa, liksom Sveriges, innehöll inte normal text. Jag återger dem här i nummerordning.
Först Argentina och sedan Storbritannien:
4
Original: Spanish
For the Argentine Republic:
In signing the Final Acts of the World Conference on International Telecommunications of the International Telecommunication Union (Dubai, 2012), the delegation of Argentina declares that it reserves for its Government:
– The right to adopt any measures that it may deem necessary, in accordance with domestic legislation and international law, to safeguard national interests should other Member States fail to comply with the Final Acts of the World Conference on International Telecommunications (Dubai, 2012) or should the reservations expressed by other Member States affect the international telecommunication services of the Argentine Republic or its sovereign rights.
– The right to express reservations to the Final Acts of the World Conference on International Telecommunications (Dubai, 2012) between the date of signature of these Final Acts and the date of the possible presentation of the instruments approving those Acts, in accordance with the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties of 1969.
– The Argentine Republic recalls the reservation it made when ratifying the Constitution and the Convention of the International Telecommunication Union, signed in the city of Geneva, Switzerland, on 22 December 1992, and reaffirms its sovereignty over the Malvinas Islands, the South Georgia Islands, the South Sandwich Islands, the surrounding maritime areas and the Argentine Antarctic, which form an integral part of its national territory.
It further recalls that, in relation to the “Question of the Malvinas Islands”, the United Nations General Assembly has adopted resolutions 2065 (XX), 3160 (XXVIII), 31/49, 37/9, 38/12, 39/6, 40/21, 41/40, 42/19 and 43/25, recognizing the existence of a dispute over sovereignty and requesting the Governments of the Argentine Republic and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland to resume negotiations with a view to finding a lasting and peaceful solution to that dispute as soon as possible.
The Argentine Republic further points out that the United Nations Special Committee on Decolonization has made repeated pronouncements along the same lines, most recently through the resolution adopted on 14 June 2012, and that the General Assembly of the Organization of American States adopted a further similarly worded pronouncement on the question on 5 June 2012.
93
Original: English
For the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland:
1 The delegation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland having noted all the reservations and declarations contained in Document 66 of 14 December 2012, declares on behalf of its Government, in response to Declaration 4 entered by the delegation of the Argentine Republic, that the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland has no doubt about its sovereignty over the Falkland Islands, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands. The United Kingdom firmly rejects the claim by the Government of Argentina to sovereignty over those islands and maritime areas.
2 The United Kingdom Government attaches great importance to the principle and right of self-determination as set out in Article 1.2 of the Charter of the United Nations and Article 1 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. This principle underlies our position on the sovereignty of the Falkland Islands. There can be no negotiation on the sovereignty of the Falkland Islands unless and until such time as the Falkland Islanders so wish. The Islanders regularly make it clear that they wish the Falkland Islands to remain under British sovereignty.
3 The United Kingdom also rejects the claim by the Government of Argentina to sovereignty over areas of the British Antarctic Territory, and in this context draws attention to Article IV of the Antarctic Treaty to which both the United Kingdom and the Argentina are parties.
4 The delegation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland furthermore refers to Declaration 58 for the Republic of Poland and also reserves the right for its Government to make any declaration or reservation should it at some later date accede to these Regulations and furthermore declares that, as from accession its Government shall apply these Regulations in accordance with its obligations under the Treaty on the European Union and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union.
Jag var del av den svenska delegationen till Internationella Teleunionens möte WCIT i Dubai december 2012. Mötet slutade utan att man var överens om den slutgiltiga texten. Många länder skrev...
 Poster describing Projekt Runeberg
I am extremely happy we have Projekt Runeberg in Sweden and the work Lars Aronsson and others have done. Not fun that the formal, government sponsored activities have more or less ignored them. During the years I have tried to support as much as I have been able to, although not by donating anything else than pocket money.
The project just started their 21st year in existence and Lars tried crowd funding. Worked with the first book (Svenskt Nautiskt Lexikon that can be found scanned here) but not 2nd. Good and important data although sad. I so much think people really saving our modern history are heroes. Brewster Kahle with Internet Archive (and the Wayback Machine), Lars with Projekt Runeberg and Carl Malamud with Public Resource Org (and Yes We Scan!).
Why, why, why can not they get real support?
They are not replacing existing libraries, museums and what not. They ensure we do not loose our digital heritage. They digitize what was earlier only available on paper. Sure, Google and others are doing massive digitalization projects, brute force, but I do not think that would have started if we did not have individual heroes like these friends of mine.
And there is so much information out there that is not available. Governments push things like the PSI Directive in EU, but even public service organisations completely ignore the directive. How can that be possible? If we have a rule that for example forces people in Gothenburg to pay tolls when driving a car into the city, individuals can not just ignore it. But directives that forces agencies to change their behaviour and business model, that can be ignored. We even have some ministers in for example the Swedish Government that do say the directive and digitalization is good (here is one example, Anna-Karin Hatt, minister of Energy and IT).
How can that be allowed?
I have also tried to get some interest to get Brewster, Lars and Carl to the largest Internet conference we have in Sweden, Internetdagarna, but the interest from the organizers have been low. I have a different (increased) role nowadays so maybe I can succeed for 2013. Although all three are male <grin>.
I got from Lars this poster that is now framed in my office. A professional framer (Ramgården in Lövestad) framed a poster describing a professional project.
I am extremely happy we have Projekt Runeberg in Sweden and the work Lars Aronsson and others have done. Not fun that the formal, government sponsored activities have more or...
If one have added images to MediaWiki and used non-ascii in the filenames (for example the Swedish characters åäö) there might be problem if you move the wiki to a file system with different encoding mechanisms. Or upgrade or change something else in your environment.
This is possible to solve, but you have to rename the files and the links in the database in a coordinated way.
Here is how you do it:
First, I found that turning on “Move” command in MediaWiki was to be done via adding the following to the LocalSettings.php. I am to be honest unsure whether this is needed as I did things in the wrong order myself. Anyway, I have it there now, and it works:
$wgAllowImageMoving = true;
Go to the directory in the file system where the image files are stored. It should be the subdirectory images in the root of the wiki.
Add the following script somewhere so you can run it repeatedly, and adjust according to your flavors:
#!/bin/sh
BASE="/wikiroot/images"
USER=user
GROUP=group
cd "$BASE"
OLD="$1"
NEW="$2"
BO=`basename "$OLD" | sed 's/[^abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz]/*/ig'`
DO=`dirname "$OLD"`
OLDFILENAME=`find "$DO" -name "$BO" -print`
NEWDIR=`dirname "$NEW"`
mkdir -p "$NEWDIR"
cp "$OLDFILENAME" "$NEW"
chown -R $USER:$GROUP .
Go to the special page in the wiki that have the list of all uploaded files. You should in that page see errors for all the files that have file names that are broken. Click on the name of the first one that have an error.
You see now for this image see an error similar to this one:
Fel vid skapande av miniatyrbild: convert: unable to open image `/srv/www/matitse/wwwroot/images/e/e2/Omelett_med_sallad,_fyllning_och_stekt_lök.JPG': gick-6.6.0/modules-Q16/coders/jpeg.la @ error/blob.c/OpenBlob/2489.
convert: unable to open image `/srv/www/matitse/wwwroot/images/e/e2/Omelett_med_sallad,_fyllning_och_stekt_lök.JPG': @ error/blob.c/OpenBlob/2489.
convert: missing an image filename `/tmp/transform_9b2b7586eb2d-1.jpg' @ error/convert.c/ConvertImageCommand/2940.
The interesting piece is the path to the file, in this case e/e2/Omelett_med_sallad,_fyllning_och_stekt_lök.JPG.
Click on the move tab in the top.
Rename the file to something that only includes safe characters. Do the actual move by submitting the form.
You should get a success page. Click on the target of the file, i.e. the new file name.
On the new page you still get an error, but slightly different one. This time because the file is missing (i.e. the path is correct):
Fel vid skapande av miniatyrbild: convert: unable to open image `/srv/www/matitse/wwwroot/images/a/a4/Omelett_med_sallad_fyllning_och_stekt_lok.JPG': gick-6.6.0/modules-Q16/coders/jpeg.la @ error/blob.c/OpenBlob/2489.
convert: unable to open image `/srv/www/matitse/wwwroot/images/a/a4/Omelett_med_sallad_fyllning_och_stekt_lok.JPG': @ error/blob.c/OpenBlob/2489.
convert: missing an image filename `/tmp/transform_13f03b8a7bea-1.jpg' @ error/convert.c/ConvertImageCommand/2940.
See the new path: a/a4/Omelett_med_sallad_fyllning_och_stekt_lok.JPG with the new safe filename.
Run the script with the two paths as arguments:
./imagefix.sh e/e2/Omelett_med_sallad,_fyllning_och_stekt_lök.JPG a/a4/Omelett_med_sallad_fyllning_och_stekt_lok.JPG
Do a reload of the page, and the image should be visible.
If one have added images to MediaWiki and used non-ascii in the filenames (for example the Swedish characters åäö) there might be problem if you move the wiki to a...
 Battery in raid card
So the raid card in my old trustworthy Mac Pro was dying. On top of that, one have for years been feeling that the raid card is not really helping. Instead it is probably the weakest link in the desktop system I have at home. After all, it is from 2008…
Anyway, I did look at various postings other people have made about the raid card. What surprises me is how naive some people are, and specifically how ignorant some people are that respond to questions. It seems many questions come from people that have not even been thinking about the issues with removal of a raid card, and they definitely have not tried to remove one themselves.
First of all, the data. The Apple Raid card can convert SAS to SATA, but without the raid card you can only have SATA drives. So if you had SAS, forget using them. Further, if you had raid volumes across the drives, that data will be lost. You will be asked to reinitialize the drives when you boot the machine again. I had one disk (the boot disk actually) that was not part of a raid volume, but run through the raid card. That actually was discovered when I booted the mac again, but even though that was the case for me, do not rely on being able to read data from the drives when you are done removing the raid card. All Intel based macs can boot from external USB and FireWire volumes. I bought a FireWire drive, connected it to the FireWire 800 connection to my mac and used CarbonCopyCloner to mirror the internal disks before I started.
One note about this btw. It seems the external volumes if they do not spin up fast enough will be mounted read-only. You detect this by using the mount command. File systems mounted read only is marked as such. You fix this by unmounting and mounting them like this (in the Terminal):
# diskutil unmount /dev/disk4s4
# diskutil mount /dev/disk4s4
Another thing I discovered is that of course it is good if you create a new admin on the box, and log in as it instead as of yourself. That way you know your own files are not touched. Then as this new user, name the new partitions on the external disk foo-new and bar-new for the old foo and bar file systems on the raid card. Run CarbonCopyCloner. Then rename the disks foo to foo-old and foo-new to foo (etc) and reboot on the external file system. Then most (as many as possible) references in the file system will still be correct. And you know things works the way you want.
If your mac does not boot on the external disk. Stop! Do not continue!
So, how did I do the actual hardware ripping of the raid card? Basically, you have to take your Mac Pro apart. And I mean it. In pieces. And it is easy to start with, but then of course some issues are very difficult.
Follow this description. In detail. Yes, I mean it. It is from Apple on how to install such a card, but ignore the install part. It tells you how to take your Mac Pro apart. I have of course a quad-core Mac Pro which is, as you will see, the most problematic construction. I guess they discovered it, and made a better construction for the 8-core.
In step 2, note that the latch is to be pulled up. It is not very natural to reach behind the graphics card from above, and pull a level up, but yes, that is how you should do it. Also remember this when you plug the graphics card in again. You have to lift the level, yes, from above. Remove the cable.
In step 5-1 (for quad core), note that the upper memory board have the memory slots facing down. Not up as on the picture from Apple. Do not be confused. Just pull them straight out.
In step 5-2, there are actually four screws, not two. And the screws have small springs around them. They will not “jump out”, but it feels funny when you rotate the screwdriver. That btw have to be quite long. My hands are possible to stick into where the memory boards where, but not all hands can. My memory cage do have a horizontal bar across the opening which makes it very hard to reach inside it. You have to get such small hands before starting…it helps. The screws should be removed though. Completely. Otherwise it will be hard to move the box to the right. Which you must do.
 Problematic
Step 5-3, the trickiest part, removing the screws at the bottom of the memory cage. The heads are of very soft metal, and the instructions say Don’t let the screwdriver slip out of the screw head as you turn it. No kidding! If you slip once, and I mean once, you loose the head, and you have to use hardware to remove the screw. Further, as there is an edge of the memory cage, you will not reach the head of the screw with other tools. Because of this, first cut the edge of the memory cage, then remove the head of the screw, and then use brute force. Be careful with the fan to the right. It is plastic, but snaps into place, so try to first un-snap it so when you bend with whatever tools you have, you do not destroy the fan.
Regarding the construction, if you have at least managed to remove one of the two screws, and then removed the four screws that connect the memory cage to the motherboard, then you can use force. The screws going downwards do only connect to metal holders that are soldered to the main computer box. They are not connected to the motherboard.
The goal with step 5-4 and 5-5 is to create a small gap that makes it possible to turn the CPU cover towards you and to the right. This because it snaps into place, so you unsnap it. Similar to as if it was magnetic. Maybe it is. I did not check carefully enough.
Then in step 6-1 you remove the screws to the fan module. I of course had two screws although I have a quad core. So look carefully for both. The one at the top is black, and the one at the bottom was blank. Same crappy soft material as the ones that kept the memory box in place.
After removing those screws, it should be possible to remove the fan module and remove the connector from the raid card. You see in step 9-1 where the cable is connected and what the lock looks like.
 Bypass cable
In step 7-1, and in the picture to the right, you see where the cable that you removed from the raid card is to be inserted on the motherboard. The iPass cable connection is within the red square after being inserted where it should be. Note the larger connector just above (slightly to the left) of the iPass cable connector. You just have to remove it, move the iPass cable under it. Connect the iPass cable and then reconnect the larger connector again. The iPass connector cable is short enough already so that it is definitely difficult to get it in place. But it must go below the larger connector cable. This is also noted in step 7-2.
Then put everything back in place again.
Yes, my mac booted on first try if you where thinking of it.
So the raid card in my old trustworthy Mac Pro was dying. On top of that, one have for years been feeling that the raid card is not really helping....
So, at home after two weeks in Dubai. At home, 30°C colder, but with cats and my own bed. I guess I will sleep quite a lot this weekend before the normal work week start on Monday.
While contemplating what has happened, I saw that the reservations have been released. They are in document 66-E from WCIT and can be found on wcitleaks.
The reason why I reference this is that I so much like what we said from Sweden. It summarizes our view on the Internet and Internet related processes quite well.
For Sweden:
Sweden notes that “Resolution PLEN/3 (Dubai, 2012) To foster an enabling environment for the greater growth of the Internet in the International Telecommunications Regulations” does not address the full picture of the environment and situation of the Internet and Internet Governance. The resolution only quotes parts of the Tunis Agenda (2005) that contains a number of important aspects on Internet Governance. One of those aspects cannot be referenced to in isolation, as is the case in the clause “recognizing e)” of the resolution. In particular § 55 of the Tunis Agenda states the following. “We recognize that the existing arrangements for Internet governance have worked to make the Internet the highly robust, dynamic and geographically diverse medium that it is today, with the private sector taking the lead in day-to-day operations, and with innovation and value creation at the edges.”
Sweden therefore considers that this resolution does not do justice to all stakeholders involved in Internet related matters, and that it does not recognize the fully working, self-developing, bottom-up multi-stakeholder formats that work and evolve today on the Internet.
Sweden also considers that the public Internet and other Internet Protocol-based networks and services, whether governmental, public or private, are outside the scope of the International Telecommunication Regulations.
So, at home after two weeks in Dubai. At home, 30°C colder, but with cats and my own bed. I guess I will sleep quite a lot this weekend before...
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