One document matched: draft-zorn-xrblock-rtcp-xr-al-stat-02.xml
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<rfc category="std" docName="draft-zorn-xrblock-rtcp-xr-al-stat-02" ipr="pre5378Trust200902">
<front>
<title abbrev="Application Layer Statistics Blocks">RTCP XR for Application Layer Statistics Metrics Reporting</title>
<author fullname="Glen Zorn" initials="G." surname="Zorn">
<organization>Network Zen</organization>
<address>
<postal>
<street>227/358 Thanon Sanphawut</street>
<city>Bang Na</city>
<region>Bangkok</region>
<code>10260</code>
<country>Thailand</country>
</postal>
<phone>+66 (0) 87-040-4617</phone>
<email>gwz@net-zen.net</email>
</address>
</author>
<author fullname="Roland Schott" initials="R." surname="Schott">
<organization>Deutsche Telekom</organization>
<address>
<postal>
<street>Deutsche-Telekom-Allee 7</street>
<city>Darmstadt</city>
<code>64295</code>
<country>Germany</country>
</postal>
<email>Roland.Schott@telekom.de</email>
</address>
</author>
<author fullname="Qin Wu" initials="Q." surname="Wu">
<organization>Huawei</organization>
<address>
<postal>
<street>101 Software Avenue, Yuhua District</street>
<city>Nanjing</city>
<region>Jiangsu</region>
<code>210012</code>
<country>China</country>
</postal>
<email>sunseawq@huawei.com</email>
</address>
</author>
<author fullname="Rachel Huang" initials="R." surname="Huang">
<organization>Huawei</organization>
<address>
<postal>
<street>101 Software Avenue, Yuhua District</street>
<city>Nanjing</city>
<code>210012</code>
<country>China</country>
</postal>
<email>Rachel@huawei.com</email>
</address>
</author>
<date year="2011" />
<abstract>
<t>
This document defines a set of RTCP XR Report Blocks and associated
Session Description Protocol (SDP)
parameters allowing the report of application layer summary, loss
discard and burst metrics for use in a range of RTP applications.
</t>
</abstract>
</front>
<middle>
<section title="Introduction">
<t>
RFC 3611 <xref target="RFC3611"></xref> defines seven report block
formats for network management and quality monitoring. However,
these metrics are mostly for multicast inference of network
characteristics (MINC) or voice over IP (VoIP) monitoring and not widely
applicable to other applications, e.g., video quality monitoring. This
document focuses on specifying new additional report block types used to
convey video-related parameters at the application layer that are
generically designed for use in audio and video services.
<vspace blankLines="1"/>
The metrics belong to the class of application layer
metrics defined in <xref target="I-D.hunt-avtcore-monarch"></xref>.
</t>
</section>
<section title="Terminology">
<t>
<list style="hanging">
<t hangText="FEC">
<vspace blankLines="1" />
Forward Error Correction
</t>
<t hangText="Picture Type">
<vspace blankLines="1" />
Picture types
used in the different video algorithms are composed of the key-frame
and the Derivation frame. Key-frame is also called a reference
frame and used as a reference for predicting other pictures. It is
coded without prediction from other pictures. The Derivation frame
is derived from a Key-frame using prediction from the reference
frame.
<vspace blankLines="1" />
</t>
<t hangText="RTP">
<vspace blankLines="1"/>
Real-time Transport Protocol <xref target="RFC3550"/>.
<vspace blankLines="1" />
</t>
<t hangText="RTCP">
<vspace blankLines="1"/>
RTP Control Protocol <xref target="RFC3550"/>.
<vspace blankLines="1" />
</t>
<t hangText="RTCP XR">
<vspace blankLines="1"/>
RTP Control Protocol Extended Reports <xref target="RFC3611"/>.
</t>
</list>
</t>
</section>
<section title="Standards Language">
<t>
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in <xref target="RFC2119">RFC 2119</xref>.
</t>
</section>
<section title="Applicability">
<t>
The Report Blocks defined in this document can be applied to any real-time
applications that convey video-related parameters at the application
layer.
</t>
</section>
<section title="Application Layer Metrics">
<section anchor="ALSS" title="Application Layer Statistics Summary Report Block">
<t>
This block reports statistics beyond the information carried in the
Statistics Summary Report Block specified in Section
4.6 of RFC 3611 <xref target="RFC3611"></xref>. Information is
recorded about lost frames, duplicated frames, and lost partial frames.
Such information can be useful for network management and video
quality monitoring.
<vspace blankLines="1" />
The Application Layer Statistics Summary Report Block has the following format:
<figure> <artwork>
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| BT=TBD | rsd. |T|P|rsd| block length |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| begin_seq | end_seq |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Number of frames expected |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| lost_full_frames |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| dup_frames |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| lost_partial_frames |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
</artwork> </figure>
<list style="hanging">
<t hangText="block_type (BT): 8 bits">
<vspace blankLines="1" />
The Application Layer Statistics Summary Report Block is
identified by the constant <ALSS>.
<vspace blankLines="1" />
</t>
<t hangText="rsvd: 4 bits">
<vspace blankLines="1" />
This field is reserved for future definition. In the absence of such a
definition, the bits in this field MUST be set to zero and MUST be
ignored by the receiver.
<vspace blankLines="1" />
</t>
<t hangText="picture_type_indicator (T): 1 bit">
<vspace blankLines="1" />
This field is used to indicate the frame type being reported. Set to 0
if the lost_frames field or dup_frames field contain a key frame
report or reference frame report, 1 if the lost_frames field and
dup_frames field contain other derivation frame report.
<vspace blankLines="1" />
</t>
<t hangText="P: 1 bit">
<vspace blankLines="1" />
Bit set to 1 if
the partial_lost_frames field or the partial_dup_ frames field
contains a report, 0 otherwise.
<vspace blankLines="1" />
</t>
<t hangText="R: 2 bits">
<vspace blankLines="1" />
This field is
reserved for future definition. In the absence of such a
definition, the bits in this field MUST be set to zero and MUST be
ignored by the receiver.
<vspace blankLines="1" />
</t>
<t hangText="block_length: 16 bits">
<vspace blankLines="1" />
The constant 5, in accordance with the definition of this field in
Section 3 of <xref target="RFC3611">RFC 3611</xref>.
<vspace blankLines="1" />
</t>
<t hangText="begin_seq: 16 bits ">
<vspace blankLines="1" />
As defined in Section 4.1 of <xref target="RFC3611">RFC 3611</xref>.
<vspace blankLines="1" />
</t>
<t hangText="end_seq: 16 bits ">
<vspace blankLines="1" />
As defined in Section 4.1 of <xref target="RFC3611">RFC 3611</xref>.
<vspace blankLines="1" />
</t>
<t hangText="number_of_frames_expected: 32bits">
<vspace blankLines="1" />
A count of the number of frames of the type indicated by the picture_type_indicator field expected,
estimated if necessary. If no such frames have been received then this
count shall be set to zero (0).
<vspace blankLines="1" />
</t>
<t hangText="lost_full_frames: 32 bits">
<vspace blankLines="1" />
If a frame is completely lost, this frame is
regarded as one lost full frame. The lost_full_frames field is
equivalent to the number of full frames of the type indicated by the picture_type_indicator field
lost in the above sequence
number interval.
<vspace blankLines="1" />
</t>
<t hangText="dup_frames: 32 bits">
<vspace blankLines="1" />
Number of duplicate frames in the above sequence number interval.
<vspace blankLines="1" />
</t>
<t hangText="lost_partial_frames: 32 bits">
<vspace blankLines="1" />
If one frame is partially lost, this frame is
regarded as one lost fractional frame. The lost_partial_frames field is
equivalent to the number of lost fractional frames in the above
sequence number interval.
<vspace blankLines="1" />
</t>
</list>
</t>
</section>
<section anchor="ALLDM" title="Application Layer Loss and Discard Metrics Block">
<t>
A frame shall be regarded as lost if it fails to arrive within an
implementation-specific time window. A frame that arrives within this
time window but is too early or late to be played out shall be
regarded as discarded. A frame shall be classified as one of received
(or OK), discarded or lost.
<vspace blankLines="1" />
This block reports Loss and Discard metrics statistics beyond the
information carried in the standard RTCP packet format. The block
reports separately on packets lost on the IP channel, and those that
have been received but then discarded by the receiving jitter buffer.
<vspace blankLines="1" />
It is very useful to distinguish between
frames lost by the network and those discarded due to jitter. Both
have equal effect on the quality of the video stream, however, having
separate counts helps identify the source of quality degradation.
These fields MUST be populated, and MUST be set to zero if no frames
have been received.
<vspace blankLines="1" />
The Loss and Discard
metrics are determined after the effects of FEC, redundancy <xref target="RFC2198"/>
or other similar processes.
Implementations MUST provide values for all
the fields defined here.
For certain metrics, if the value is
undefined or unknown, then the specified default or unknown field
value MUST be provided.
<vspace blankLines="1" />
The block is encoded as six 32-bit words:
<figure> <artwork>
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| BT=TBD |I| rsv |T| rsv.| block length |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Frame Loss rate | Frame Discard rate |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
</artwork> </figure>
<list style="hanging">
<t hangText="block type (BT): 8 bits">
<vspace blankLines="1" />
An Application Layer Loss and Discard Metrics Block is identified by the
constant <ALLDM>.
<vspace blankLines="1" />
</t>
<t hangText="Interval Metric flag (I): 1 bit">
<vspace blankLines="1" />
This field is used to indicate whether the
metrics block is an Interval or a Cumulative report,
<vspace blankLines="1" />
</t>
<t hangText="reserved: 3 bits">
<vspace blankLines="1" />
This field is reserved for future definition. In the absence of such a
definition, the bits in this field MUST be set to zero and MUST be
ignored by the receiver.
<vspace blankLines="1" />
</t>
<t hangText="Picture type indicator (T): 1 bit">
<vspace blankLines="1" />
Picture types used in the different video
algorithms compose of key-frame and derivation frame. This field
is used to indicate the picture type to be reported. Bits set to 0
if the Loss rate field and discard rate field contain a Key_frame
report or reference frame report, 1 if the Loss rate field and
discard rate field contain other derivation frame reports.
<vspace blankLines="1" />
</t>
<t hangText="reserved: 3 bits">
<vspace blankLines="1" />
This field is reserved for future definition. In the absence of such a
definition, the bits in this field MUST be set to zero and MUST be
ignored by the receiver.
<vspace blankLines="1" />
</t>
<t hangText="block length: 16 bits">
<vspace blankLines="1" />
The constant 1, in accordance with the definition of this field in
Section 3 of <xref target="RFC3611">RFC 3611</xref>.
<vspace blankLines="1" />
</t>
<t hangText="Frame Loss rate: 8 bits">
<vspace blankLines="1" />
The proportion of frames lost since the beginning of reception,
expressed as a fixed point number with the binary point at the
left edge of the field. This value is calculated by dividing the
total number of lost frames containing specified frame (e.g., Key
frame) (after the effects of applying any error protection such as
FEC) by the total number of frames expected, multiplying the
result of the division by 256, limiting the maximum value to 255
(to avoid overflow), and taking the integer part. The numbers of
duplicated frames and discarded frames do not enter into this
calculation. Since receivers cannot be required to maintain
unlimited buffers, a receiver MAY categorize late-arriving frames
as lost. The degree of lateness that triggers a loss SHOULD be
significantly greater than that which triggers a discard.
<vspace blankLines="1" />
</t>
<t hangText="Frame Discard rate: 8 bits">
<vspace blankLines="1" />
The proportion of frames discarded since the
beginning of reception, due to late or early arrival, under-run or
overflow at the receiving jitter buffer. This value is expressed
as a fixed point number with the binary point at the left edge of
the field. It is calculated by dividing the total number of
discarded frames containing specified frame (e.g., Key Frame)
(excluding duplicate frames discards) by the total number of
frames expected, multiplying the result of the division by 256,
limiting the maximum value to 255 (to avoid overflow), and taking
the integer part.
<vspace blankLines="1" />
</t>
</list>
</t>
</section>
<section anchor="ALBM" title="Application Layer Burst Metrics Block">
<t>
This block reports Burst metrics statistics beyond the information
carried in the standard RTCP packet format. It reports on the combined
effect of losses and discards, as both have equal effect on video
quality.
<vspace blankLines="1"/>
In order to properly assess the
quality of a video stream, it is desirable to consider the degree of
burstiness of packet loss <xref target="RFC3357"/>.
Following the one-way loss pattern sample metrics discussed in
<xref target="RFC3357"></xref>, a measure of the spacing between consecutive
network packet loss or error events, is a "loss distance". The loss
distance metric captures the spacing between the loss periods. The
duration of a loss or error event (e.g. and how many packets are lost
in that duration) is a "loss period", the loss period metric captures
the frequency and length (burstiness) of loss once it starts. Delay
reports include the transit delay between RTP end points and the end
system processing delays, both of which contribute to the user
perceived delay.
<vspace blankLines="1" />
Implementations MUST provide
values for all the fields defined here. For certain metrics, if the
value is undefined or unknown, then the specified default or unknown
field value MUST be provided.
<vspace blankLines="1" />
The block is encoded as three 32-bit words:
<figure> <artwork>
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| BT=TBD |I| Rsv. | block length |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Loss Distance | Loss Period |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Threshold | Reserved. |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
</artwork></figure>
<list style="hanging">
<t hangText="block type (BT): 8 bits">
<vspace blankLines="1" />
The Application Layer Burst Metrics Block is identified by the
constant <ALBM>.
<vspace blankLines="1" />
</t>
<t hangText="Interval Metric flag (I): 1 bit">
<vspace blankLines="1" />
This field is used to indicate whether the
metrics block is an Interval or a Cumulative report,
<vspace blankLines="1" />
</t>
<t hangText="rsvd: 7 bits">
<vspace blankLines="1" />
This field is reserved for future definition. In the absence of such a
definition, the bits in this field MUST be set to zero and MUST be
ignored by the receiver.
<vspace blankLines="1" />
</t>
<t hangText="block length: 16 bits">
<vspace blankLines="1" />
The constant 2, in accordance with the definition of this field in
Section 3 of <xref target="RFC3611">RFC 3611</xref>.
<vspace blankLines="1" />
</t>
<t hangText="Loss Distance: 16 bits">
<vspace blankLines="1" />
The average duration of periods between bursts. The mean duration,
expressed in milliseconds, of the gap periods that have occurred
since the beginning of reception <xref target="DSLF"></xref>. The
duration of each period is calculated based upon the frame packets
that marks the end of the prior burst and the frame packet that
marks the beginning of the subsequent burst. It is equal to the
timestamp of the subsequent burst frame packet, minus the
timestamp of the prior burst frame packet, plus the duration of
the prior burst frame packet. If the actual values are not
available, estimated values MUST be used. In the case of a gap
that occurs at the beginning of reception, the sum of the
timestamp of the prior burst packet and the duration of the prior
burst packet are replaced by the reception start time. In the case
of a gap that occurs at the end of reception, the timestamp of the
subsequent burst packet is replaced by the reception end time. If
there have been no gap periods, the gap duration value MUST be
zero.
<vspace blankLines="1" />
</t>
<t hangText="Loss Period: 16 bits">
<vspace blankLines="1" />
The average duration of a burst of lost and discarded frames. The mean
duration, expressed in milliseconds, of the loss intervals that
have occurred since the beginning of reception
<xref target="DSLF"></xref>.
The duration of each loss period is
calculated based upon the frame packets that mark the beginning
and end of that period. It is equal to the timestamp of the end
frame, plus the duration of the end frame, minus the timestamp of
the beginning frame. If the actual values are not available,
estimated values MUST be used. If there have been no burst
periods, the burst duration value MUST be zero.
<vspace blankLines="1" />
</t>
<t hangText="Threshold: 16 bits">
<vspace blankLines="1" />
The maximum duration, expressed in milliseconds, of the loss distance
that have occurred since the beginning of reception.
<vspace blankLines="1" />
</t>
<t hangText="Reserved: 16 bits">
<vspace blankLines="1" />
All bits SHALL be set to 0 by the sender and SHALL be ignored on reception.
<vspace blankLines="1" />
</t>
</list>
</t>
</section>
</section>
<section title="SDP Signaling">
<t>
Three new parameters are defined for the three report blocks defined in
this document to be used with SDP
<xref target="RFC4566"></xref>
using the Augmented Backus-Naur Form (ABNF)
<xref target="RFC5234"></xref>.
They have the following syntax within
the "rtcp-xr" attribute <xref target="RFC3611"></xref>:
<figure align="left"> <artwork>
rtcp-xr-attrib = "a=rtcp-xr:"
[xr-format *(SP xr-format)] CRLF
xr-format =
/ application-loss-metrics
/ application-burst-metrics
/ application-stat-summary
application-burst-metrics = " application-burst-metrics"
["=" max-size]
max-size = 1*DIGIT ; maximum block size in octets
application--loss-metrics = " application-loss-metrics"
["=" stat-flag *("," stat-flag)]
stat-flag = "key Frame loss and duplication"
/ "derivation Frame loss and duplication"
application-stat-summary = "application-stat-summary"
["=" stat-flag *("," stat-flag)]
stat-flag = "key Frame loss and duplication"
/ "derivation Frame loss and duplication"
</artwork></figure>
Refer to Section 5.1 of
<xref target="RFC3611">RFC 3611</xref>
for a detailed description and the full syntax of the "rtcp-xr" attribute.
</t>
</section>
<section title="IANA Considerations">
<t>
New report block types for RTCP XR are subject to IANA registration.
For general guidelines on IANA allocations for RTCP XR, refer to
<xref target="RFC3611">Section 6.2 of</xref>.
<vspace blankLines="1" />
This document assigns three new block type value in the RTCP XR Block Type Registry:
<list>
<t>
<list hangIndent="12" style="hanging">
<t hangText="Name:">ALSS</t>
<t hangText="Long Name:">Application Layer Statistics Summary</t>
<t hangText="Value"><ALSS></t>
<t hangText="Reference:"><xref target="ALSS"></xref> <vspace blankLines="1" /></t>
<t hangText="Name:">ALLDM</t>
<t hangText="Long Name:">Application Layer Loss and Discard Metrics</t>
<t hangText="Value"><ALLDM></t>
<t hangText="Reference:"><xref target="ALLDM"></xref> <vspace blankLines="1" /></t>
<t hangText="Name:">ALBM</t>
<t hangText="Long Name:">Application Layer Burst Metrics</t>
<t hangText="Value"><ALBM></t>
<t hangText="Reference:"><xref target="ALBM"></xref> <vspace blankLines="1"/></t>
</list>
</t>
</list>
This document also registers three new SDP <xref target="RFC4566"></xref>
parameters for the "rtcp-xr" attribute in the RTCP XR SDP Parameters Registry:
<list>
<t>
<list style="symbols">
<t>"application-layer-loss-metrics"</t>
<t>"application-layer-burst-metrics"</t>
<t>"application-layer-stat-summary"</t>
</list>
</t>
</list>
<vspace blankLines="1" />
The contact information for the registrations is:
<figure align="center"><artwork>
Glen Zorn
Network Zen
227/358 Thanon Sanphawut
Bang Na, Bangkok 10110
Thailand
</artwork></figure>
</t>
</section>
<section title="Security Considerations">
<t>
The new RTCP XR report blocks proposed in this document introduce no
new security considerations beyond those described in <xref
target="RFC3611"></xref>.
</t>
</section>
<section title="Acknowledgements">
<t>
The authors would like to thank Bill Ver Steeg, David R. Oran, Ali
Begen, Colin Perkins, Roni Even, Youqing Yang, Wenxiao Yu and Yinliang Hu
for their valuable comments and suggestions on this document.
</t>
</section>
</middle>
<back>
<references title="Normative References">
&rfc3611;
&rfc3550;
&rfc2119;
&rfc4566;
&rfc5234;
</references>
<references title="Informative References">
&I-D.hunt-avtcore-monarch;
&rfc2198;
&rfc3357;
<reference anchor="DSLF" target="http://www.broadband-forum.org/technical/download/TR-126.pdf">
<front>
<title>Triple-play Services Quality of Experience (QoE) Requirements</title>
<author fullname="Tim Rahrer" initials="T.R." role="editor" surname="Rahrer">
<organization>Nortel</organization>
</author>
<author fullname="Riccardo Fiandra" initials="R.F." role="editor" surname="Fiandra">
<organization>FastWeb, SpA</organization>
</author>
<author fullname="Steven Wright" initials="S.W." role="editor" surname="Wright">
<organization>BellSouth Telecommunications</organization>
</author>
<date day="13" month="December" year="2006" />
</front>
<seriesInfo name="DSL Forum Technical Report" value="TR-126" />
</reference>
</references>
<section title="Change Log">
<t>
This document is separated from
draft-wu-xrblock-rtcp-xr-quality-monitoring-01 with a few editorial
changes and focuses on application layer summary, loss, discard, and
burst metrics.
</t>
</section>
</back>
</rfc>
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