One document matched: draft-xia-mipshop-ha-buffering-00.txt
Network Working Group F. Xia
Internet-Draft B. Sarikaya
Expires: April 27, 2009 Huawei USA
October 24, 2008
Mobile IPv6 Handover Using Home Agent Buffering
draft-xia-mipshop-ha-buffering-00
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Internet-Draft MIPv6 Handover Using HA Buffering October 2008
Abstract
In Mobile IPv6, when a Mobile Node (MN) moves from one Access
Router(AR) to another, there is a period during which the MN is
unable to send or receive packets because of link switching delay and
IP protocol operations. This document specifies a mechanism which
enhances Mobile IPv6 protocol signaling to support the creation of a
transient binding cache entry in a Home Agent (HA) which is used for
buffering downlink packets during this period.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2. Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3. Protocol Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3.1. General Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.2. Mobile Node Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.3. Home Agent Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4. Message Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4.1. Packet Buffering option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
5. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
6. IANA consideration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
7. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
8. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
8.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
8.2. Informative references . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Intellectual Property and Copyright Statements . . . . . . . . . . 9
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1. Introduction
When a MN moves from one AR to another, there is a period during
which the MN is unable to send or receive packets because of link
switching delay and IP protocol operations.
Fast handovers for Mobile IPv6 (FMIPv6) [RFC5268] describes a
mechanism that reduces the handover latency and packet loss through
signalling between a previous AR and a new AR. Hierarchical Mobile
IPv6 (HMIPv6)[RFC5380] introduces a network entity named Mobility
Anchor Point (MAP) which is used for reducing the amount of
signalling between the MN, its Correspondent Node(CN), and its Home
Agent(HA). Either of the local mobility handling mechanisms, FMIPv6
or HMIPv6, is dealing with some extra mobility management entities
besides the MN and HA, such as previous AR and new AR in FMIPv6, or
MAPs in HMIPv6. In some scenarios, e.g. the MN moves from one
administrative domain to another, it is very hard to deploy FMIPv6 or
HMIPv6.
As a complimentary solution, a HA based handover mechanism is
proposed here. When the MN decides to switch to another access
router, the MN indicates the HA to buffer incoming packets. After
the HA receives an indication that the MN has completed the handover
process, the HA delivers the buffered packets. This enhancement can
improve greatly the performance of mobile internet applications which
mostly rely on packet-loss sensentive TCP. However, it has limited
improvement on real-time service, such as Voice over IP.
2. Terminology
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].
3. Protocol Operation
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3.1. General Approach
+-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+
| MN | | PAR | | NAR | | HA |
+-----+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+
| | | |
| 1 Network Entry | | |
|<------------------->| | |
| | 2 BU | |
|------------------------------------------------------->|
| | 3 BA | |
|<------------------------------------------------------>|
| | | |
| 4 bi-directional tunnel |
|<======================================================>|
| | | |
5 Handover trigger | | |
| | | |
| 6 BU(transient) |
|------------------------------------------------------->|
| | | |
| | | 7 forwarding
| | | and buffering
| 8 BA(transient) |
|<-------------------------------------------------------|
| | | |
| 9 Network Re-entry | |
|<------------------------------->| |
| | | |
| 10|BU(new CoA)| |
|------------------------------------------------------->|
| | | |
| 11|BA(new CoA)| |
|<-------------------------------------------------------|
| | | 12 stopping buffering and
| | | delivering buffered packets
| | | |
| 13 bi-directional tunnel |
|<======================================================>|
Figure 1: General Approach
1. The MN enters into network and attaches a PAR. Authentication
is usually necessary in this step.
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2. After successful CoA(hereafter called previous CoA to
differentiate new CoA) configuration and bootstraping
processing, the MN sends Binding Update(BU) message to register
the CoA in the HA.
3. In reply to the BU, a Binding Acknowledgement(BA) is delivered
to the MN from the HA.
4. A bi-directional tunnel is established after the BU/BA exchange.
All of the previous steps are in line with specification
described in [RFC3775]
5. When signal strength is degrading or packet loss rate is
increasing the MN may decide to change links. Alternatively,
the network can aslo initiate handover by singaling the MN.
6. The handover trigger promotes the MN sending a BU message. A
Packet Buffering option Section 4.1 is included in the message.
The source address of the message is the CoA configured when the
MN attaches the PAR.
7. In addition to forwarding downlink packets to the MN, the HA
begins to buffer them for a duration which is indicated in the
lifetime field of Packet Buffering option Section 4.1. On the
other hand, the HA updates binding cache entry of the MN with
new lifetime of the BU message.
8. The HA acknowledges the MN with BA message.
9. When the MN moves to the NAR, the MN performs network entry
procedure. A new CoA is configured.
10. The MN sends a BU message with the new CoA as the source
address.
11. Once receiving the BU, the HA creates a new binding cach entry
which binds the MN's home address with the new CoA.
12. The HA stops buffering downlink packets for MN, delivers all
buffered packets to MN's new CoA, and obsoletes the old binding
cache with previous CoA registered.
13. All traffic destined to the MN is conveyed through the newly
established bi-directional tunnel.
3.2. Mobile Node Operations
As an optional enhancement, the document provide an mechanism to
reduce packet loss during handovers. When the MN decides to switch
to another access router, the MN indicates the HA to buffer incoming
packets through a transient BU/BA exchange. Once successfully
attaching to a new access router, the MN retrieves all the buffered
packets from the HA.
3.3. Home Agent Operations
The enhancement capability is configurable in the HA. When the
feature is disabled, the HA just ignores the Packet Buffering option
defined in Section 4.1. Otherwise, the HA SHOULD buffer the downlink
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traffic.
4. Message Format
4.1. Packet Buffering option
The Packet Buffering option described in this section can be present
in a BU and BA. The HA receiving BU message with this option will
buffer the incoming packets destined to the MN for a lifetime which
is negotiated through BU/BA exchange.
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Type | Length | Reserved | Lifetime |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Type: TDB by IANA
Length: 8-bit unsigned integer indicating the length of the option
in octets, excluding the Type and the Length fields.
Reserved: To be used in the future.
Lifetime: Lifetime in the unit of 100ms. When lifetime expires, the
HA will purge all the buffered packets for the MN.
TDB
5. Security Considerations
Malicious MNs possible make use of the mechanism to deplete HA's
buffer space. The HA can configure limited buffering space for each
MN to couteract the impact. Only one mobility option is defined in
this document, and there is no additional security concerns
introduced.
6. IANA consideration
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7. Acknowledgements
TDB
8. References
8.1. Normative References
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
[RFC5380] Soliman, H., Castelluccia, C., ElMalki, K., and L.
Bellier, "Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 (HMIPv6) Mobility
Management", RFC 5380, October 2008.
[RFC5268] Koodli, R., "Mobile IPv6 Fast Handovers", RFC 5268,
June 2008.
[RFC3775] Johnson, D., Perkins, C., and J. Arkko, "Mobility Support
in IPv6", RFC 3775, June 2004.
8.2. Informative references
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Authors' Addresses
Frank Xia
Huawei USA
1700 Alma Dr. Suite 500
Plano, TX 75075
Phone: +1 972-509-5599
Email: xiayangsong@huawei.com
Behcet Sarikaya
Huawei USA
1700 Alma Dr. Suite 500
Plano, TX 75075
Phone: +1 972-509-5599
Email: sarikaya@ieee.org
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