One document matched: draft-wu-ntp-ntp-cfg-00.txt
Network Working Group N. Wu
Internet-Draft A. Kumar S N
Intended status: Standards Track Huawei
Expires: August 1, 2015 January 28, 2015
A YANG Data Model for NTP
draft-wu-ntp-ntp-cfg-00
Abstract
This document defines a YANG data model for Network Time Protocol
implementations. The data model includes configuration data and
state data.
Requirements Language
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119].
Status of This Memo
This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute
working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet-
Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.
Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
This Internet-Draft will expire on August 1, 2015.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2015 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved.
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
(http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
publication of this document. Please review these documents
carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
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to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must
include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
described in the Simplified BSD License.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.1. Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.2. Tree Diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2. NTP data model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3. Relationship to NTPv4-MIB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4. NTP YANG Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
5. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
6. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
7. Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
8. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
8.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
8.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
1. Introduction
This document defines a YANG [RFC6020] data model for Network Time
Protocol [RFC5905] implementations.
The data model convers configuration of system parameters of NTP,
such as access rules, authentication and VRF binding, and also
associations of NTP in different modes and parameters of per-
interface. It also provides information about running state of NTP
implementations.
1.1. Terminology
The following terms are defined in [RFC6020]:
o configuration data
o data model
o module
o state data
The terminology for describing YANG data models is found in
[RFC6020].
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1.2. Tree Diagrams
A simplified graphical representation of the data model is used in
this document. The meaning of the symbols in these diagrams is as
follows:
o Brackets "[" and "]" enclose list keys.
o Abbreviations before data node names: "rw" means configuration
data (read-write), and "ro" means state data (read-only).
o Symbols after data node names: "?" means an optional node, "!"
means a presence container, and "*" denotes a list and leaf-list.
o Parentheses enclose choice and case nodes, and case nodes are also
marked with a colon (":").
o Ellipsis ("...") stands for contents of subtrees that are not
shown.
2. NTP data model
This document defines the YANG module "ietf-ntp", which has the
following structure:
module: ietf-ntp
+--rw ntp-cfg!
| +--rw ntp-enabled? boolean
| +--rw refclock-master
| | +--rw master? boolean
| | +--rw master-stratum? ntp-stratum
| +--rw authentication!
| | +--rw auth-enabled? boolean
| | +--rw trusted-key? uint32
| | +--rw authentication-keys* [key-id]
| | +--rw key-id uint32
| | +--rw algorithm? enumeration
| | +--rw password? union
| +--rw access-rules
| | +--rw access-rule* [access-mode]
| | +--rw access-mode enumeration
| | +--rw acl-number
| | +--rw (acl-type)?
| | +--:(ipv4)
| | | +--rw acl-number-ipv4? uint16
| | +--:(ipv6)
| | +--rw acl-number-ipv6? uint16
| +--rw associations
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| | +--rw peers
| | | +--rw peer* [address vrf]
| | | +--rw version? ntp-version
| | | +--rw address inet:ip-address
| | | +--rw key-id? leafref
| | | +--rw minpoll? ntp-minpoll
| | | +--rw maxpoll? ntp-maxpoll
| | | +--rw prefer? boolean
| | | +--rw burst? boolean
| | | +--rw iburst? boolean
| | | +--rw vrf string
| | | +--rw source? leafref
| | +--rw servers
| | +--rw server* [address vrf]
| | +--rw version? ntp-version
| | +--rw address inet:ip-address
| | +--rw key-id? leafref
| | +--rw minpoll? ntp-minpoll
| | +--rw maxpoll? ntp-maxpoll
| | +--rw prefer? boolean
| | +--rw burst? boolean
| | +--rw iburst? boolean
| | +--rw vrf string
| | +--rw source? leafref
| +--rw ntp-interfaces
| +--rw ntp-interface* [ntp-ifname]
| +--rw ntp-ifname leafref
| +--rw multicast-client
| | +--rw multicast-client-address? union
| +--rw multicast-server
| | +--rw multicast-server-address? inet:ip-address
| | +--rw multicast-server-ttl? uint8
| | +--rw multicast-server-version? ntp-version
| | +--rw multicast-server-keyid? leafref
| +--rw broadcast-client
| | +--rw broadcast-client-enabled? boolean
| +--rw broadcast-server
| +--rw broadcast-server-version? ntp-version
| +--rw broadcast-server-keyid? leafref
+--ro ntp-state
+--ro system-status
| +--ro clock-state? enumeration
| +--ro clock-stratum? ntp-stratum
| +--ro clock-refid? union
| +--ro nominal-freq? decimal64
| +--ro actual-freq? decimal64
| +--ro clock-precision? uint8
| +--ro clock-offset? decimal64
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| +--ro root-delay? decimal64
| +--ro root-dispersion? decimal64
| +--ro peer-dispersion? decimal64
| +--ro reference-time? string
| +--ro sync-state? enumeration
+--ro associations-status
| +--ro association-status* [association-source]
| +--ro association-source union
| +--ro association-stratum? ntp-stratum
| +--ro association-refid? union
| +--ro association-reach? uint8
| +--ro association-poll? uint8
| +--ro association-now? uint32
| +--ro association-offset? decimal64
| +--ro association-delay? decimal64
| +--ro association-dispersion? decimal64
| +--ro association-sent? uint32
| +--ro association-sent-fail? uint32
| +--ro association-received? uint32
| +--ro association-dropped? uint32
+--ro ntp-statistics
+--ro packet-sent? uint32
+--ro packet-sent-fail? uint32
+--ro packet-received? uint32
+--ro packet-dropped? uint32
This data model defines two primary containers, one for NTP
configuration and the other is for NTP running state. The NTP
configuration container includes data nodes for access rules,
authentication, associations and interfaces. In the NTP running
state container, there are data nodes for system status and
associations.
3. Relationship to NTPv4-MIB
If the device implements the NTPv4-MIB [RFC5907], data nodes in
container ntp-cfg and ntp-state from YANG module can be mapped to
table entries in NTPv4-MIB.
The following tables list the YANG data nodes with corresponding
objects in the NTPv4-MIB.
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+--------------------------------+----------------------------------+
| YANG data nodes in /ntp-cfg/ | NTPv4-MIB objects |
+--------------------------------+----------------------------------|
| ntp-enabled | ntpEntStatusCurrentMode |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
+-------------------------------------+-----------------------------+
| YANG data nodes in | NTPv4-MIB objects |
| /ntp-cfg/associations/peers/peer | |
| /ntp-cfg/associations/servers/server| |
+-------------------------------------+-----------------------------+
| address | ntpAssocAddressType |
| | ntpAssocAddress |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
YANG NTP Configuration Data Nodes and Related NTPv4-MIB Objects
+--------------------------------+----------------------------------+
| YANG data nodes in | NTPv4-MIB objects |
| /ntp-state/system-status | |
+--------------------------------+----------------------------------+
| clock-state | ntpEntStatusCurrentMode |
| clock-stratum | ntpEntStatusStratum |
| clock-refid | ntpEntStatusActiveRefSourceId |
| | ntpEntStatusActiveRefSourceName |
| clock-precision | ntpEntTimePrecision |
| clock-offset | ntpEntStatusActiveOffset |
| root-dispersion | ntpEntStatusDispersion |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
+--------------------------------+----------------------------------+
| YANG data nodes in | NTPv4-MIB objects |
| /ntp-state/associations-status/| |
| association-status/ | |
+--------------------------------+----------------------------------+
| association-source | ntpAssocAddressType |
| | ntpAssocAddress |
| association-stratum | ntpAssocStratum |
| association-refid | ntpAssocRefId |
| association-offset | ntpAssocOffset |
| association-delay | ntpAssocStatusDelay |
| association-dispersion | ntpAssocStatusDispersion |
| association-sent | ntpAssocStatOutPkts |
| association-received | ntpAssocStatInPkts |
| association-dropped | ntpAssocStatProtocolError |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
YANG NTP State Data Nodes and Related NTPv4-MIB Objects
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4. NTP YANG Module
//<CODE BEGINS> file "ietf-ntp@2015-01-28.yang"
module ietf-ntp {
namespace "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-ntp";
prefix "ntp";
import ietf-yang-types {
prefix "yang";
}
import ietf-inet-types {
prefix "inet";
}
import ietf-interfaces {
prefix "if";
}
import ietf-ip {
prefix "ip";
}
organization
"IETF NTP (Network Time Protocol) Working Group";
contact
"WG Web: <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/ntp/>
WG List: <mailto: ntpwg@lists.ntp.org
WG Chair: Karen O'Donoghue
<mailto: odonoghue@isoc.org>
Editor: Eric Wu
<mailto:eric.wu@huawei.com>";
description
"This YANG module defines essential components for the management
of a routing subsystem.
Copyright (c) 2014 IETF Trust and the persons identified as
authors of the code. All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or
without modification, is permitted pursuant to, and subject to
the license terms contained in, the Simplified BSD License set
forth in Section 4.c of the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions
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Relating to IETF Documents
(http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info).
This version of this YANG module is part of RFC XXXX; see the
RFC itself for full legal notices.";
revision 2015-01-28 {
description
"Initial revision.";
reference
"RFC XXXX: A YANG Data Model for NTP Management";
}
/* Typedef Definitions */
typedef ntp-stratum {
type uint8;
description
"The level of each server in the hierarchy is defined by
a stratum number. Primary servers are assigned stratum one;
secondary servers at each lower level are assigned stratum
numbers one greater than the preceding level";
}
typedef ntp-version {
type uint8 {
range "1..4";
}
default "3";
description
"The current NTP version supported by corresponding association.";
}
typedef ntp-minpoll {
type uint8 {
range "4..17";
}
default "6";
description
"The minimul poll interval for this NTP association.";
}
typedef ntp-maxpoll {
type uint8 {
range "4..17";
}
default "10";
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description
"The maximul poll interval for this NTP association.";
}
typedef multicast-client-v4address {
type inet:ipv4-address;
default "224.0.1.1";
description
"The IPv4 address for NTP multicast client.";
}
typedef multicast-client-v6address {
type inet:ipv6-address;
default "FF0E::0101";
description
"The IPv6 address for NTP multicast client.";
}
/* Groupings */
grouping authentication-key {
description
"To define an authentication key for a NTP time source.";
leaf key-id {
type uint32 {
range "1..max";
}
description
"Authentication key identifier.";
}
leaf algorithm {
type enumeration {
enum md5 {
description
"Message Digest 5 (MD5) algorithm.";
}
enum hmac-sha256 {
description
"Secure Hash Algorithm 256 algorithm.";
}
}
description
"Authentication algorithm.";
}
leaf password {
type union {
type string {
length "1..255";
}
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type string {
length "20..392";
}
}
description
"Clear or encrypted mode for password text.";
}
}
grouping association-param {
description
"To define parameters for a NTP associations.";
leaf version {
type ntp-version;
description
"NTP version.";
}
leaf address {
type inet:ip-address;
description
"The IP address of this association.";
}
leaf key-id {
type leafref {
path "/ntp:ntp-cfg/ntp:authentication/ntp:authentication-keys/ntp:key-id";
}
description
"Authentication key id referenced in this association.";
}
leaf minpoll {
type ntp-minpoll;
description
"The minimul poll interval used in this association.";
}
leaf maxpoll {
type ntp-maxpoll;
description
"The maximul poll interval used in this association.";
}
leaf prefer {
type boolean;
default "false";
description
"Whether this association is preferred.";
}
leaf burst {
type boolean;
default "false";
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description
"Sends a series of packets instead of a single packet
within each synchronization interval to achieve
faster synchronization.";
}
leaf iburst {
type boolean;
default "false";
description
"Sends a series of packets instead of a single packet
within the initial synchronization interval to achieve
faster initial synchronization.";
}
leaf vrf {
type string;
description
"The VRF instance this association binded to.";
}
leaf source {
type leafref {
path "/if:interfaces/if:interface/if:name";
}
description
"The interface whose ip address this association used as source address.";
}
}
/* Configuration data nodes */
container ntp-cfg {
presence
"Enables NTP unless the 'ntp-enabled' leaf
(which defaults to 'true') is set to 'false'";
description
"Configuration parameters for NTP.";
leaf ntp-enabled {
type boolean;
default true;
description
"Controls whether NTP is enabled or disabled on this device.";
}
container refclock-master {
leaf master {
type boolean;
default false;
description
"Use its own NTP master clock to synchronize with peers when true.";
}
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leaf master-stratum {
type ntp-stratum;
default "16";
description
"Use its own NTP master clock to synchronize with peers when true.";
}
}
container authentication {
presence
"Enables NTP authentication when the 'auth-enabled'
leaf is set to 'true'.";
description
"Configuration of authentication.";
leaf auth-enabled {
type boolean;
default false;
description
"Controls whether NTP authentication is enabled or disabled
on this device.";
}
leaf trusted-key {
type uint32;
description
"The key trusted by NTP.";
}
list authentication-keys {
key "key-id";
uses authentication-key;
}
}
container access-rules {
list access-rule {
key "access-mode";
leaf access-mode {
type enumeration {
enum peer {
description
"Sets the fully access authority.
Both time request and control query can be performed
on the local NTP service, and the local clock can be
synchronized to the remote server.";
}
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enum server {
description
"Enables the server access and query.
Both time requests and control query can be performed
on the local NTP service, but the local clock cannot be
synchronized to the remote server.";
}
enum synchronization {
description
"Enables the server to access.
Only time request can be performed
on the local NTP service.";
}
enum query {
description
"Sets the maximum access limitation.
Control query can be performed only
on the local NTP service.";
}
}
description
"NTP access mode.";
}
container acl-number {
choice acl-type {
case ipv4 {
leaf acl-number-ipv4 {
type uint16;
description "IPv4 acl number.";
}
}
case ipv6 {
leaf acl-number-ipv6 {
type uint16;
description "IPv6 acl number.";
}
}
}
}
}
}
container associations {
container peers {
description
"Peer associations.";
list peer {
key "address vrf";
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uses association-param;
}
}
container servers {
description
"Sever associations.";
list server {
key "address vrf";
uses association-param;
}
}
}
container ntp-interfaces {
description "Configuration parameters for NTP interfaces.";
list ntp-interface {
key "ntp-ifname";
leaf ntp-ifname {
type leafref {
path "/if:interfaces/if:interface/if:name";
}
}
container multicast-client {
leaf multicast-client-address {
type union {
type multicast-client-v4address;
type multicast-client-v6address;
}
description
"The IP address of the multicast group to join.";
}
}
container multicast-server {
leaf multicast-server-address {
type inet:ip-address;
description
"The IP address to send NTP multicast packets.";
}
leaf multicast-server-ttl {
type uint8;
description
"Specifies the time to live (TTL) of a multicast packet.";
}
leaf multicast-server-version {
type ntp-version;
description
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"Specifies the version a multicast packet.";
}
leaf multicast-server-keyid {
type leafref {
path "/ntp:ntp-cfg/ntp:authentication/ntp:authentication-keys/ntp:key-id";
}
description
"Specifies the authentication key id of a multicast packet.";
}
}
container broadcast-client {
leaf broadcast-client-enabled {
type boolean;
description
"Allows a device to receive NTP broadcast packets on an interface.";
}
}
container broadcast-server {
leaf broadcast-server-version {
type ntp-version;
description
"Specifies the version of a broadcast packet.";
}
leaf broadcast-server-keyid {
type leafref {
path "/ntp:ntp-cfg/ntp:authentication/ntp:authentication-keys/ntp:key-id";
}
description
"Specifies the authentication key id of a broadcast packet.";
}
}
}
}
}
/* Operational state data */
container ntp-state {
config "false";
description
"Operational state of the NTP.";
container system-status {
description
"System status of NTP.";
leaf clock-state {
type enumeration {
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enum synchronized {
description
"Indicates that the local clock has been
synchronized with an NTP server
or the reference clock.";
}
enum unsynchronized {
description
"Indicates that the local clock has not been
synchronized with any NTP server.";
}
}
description
"Indicates the state of system clock.";
}
leaf clock-stratum {
type ntp-stratum;
description
"Indicates the stratum of the reference clock.";
}
leaf clock-refid {
type union {
type inet:ipv4-address;
type binary {
length "4";
}
type string {
length "4";
}
}
description
"IPv4 address or first 32 bits of the MD5 hash
of the IPv6 address or reference clock of the peer
to which clock is synchronized.";
}
leaf nominal-freq {
type decimal64 {
fraction-digits 4;
}
description
"Indicates the nominal frequency of the local clock, in Hz.";
}
leaf actual-freq {
type decimal64 {
fraction-digits 4;
}
description
"Indicates the actual frequency of the local clock, in Hz.";
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}
leaf clock-precision {
type uint8;
description
"Precision of the clock of this system in Hz.(prec=2^(-n))";
}
leaf clock-offset {
type decimal64 {
fraction-digits 4;
}
description
"Offset of clock to synchronized peer, in milliseconds.";
}
leaf root-delay {
type decimal64 {
fraction-digits 2;
}
description
"Total delay along path to root clock, in milliseconds.";
}
leaf root-dispersion {
type decimal64 {
fraction-digits 2;
}
description
"Indicates the dispersion between the local clock
and the master reference clock, in milliseconds.";
}
leaf peer-dispersion {
type decimal64 {
fraction-digits 2;
}
description
"Indicates the dispersion between the local clock
and the peer clock, in milliseconds.";
}
leaf reference-time {
type string;
description "Indicates reference timestamp.";
}
leaf sync-state {
type enumeration {
enum clock-not-set {
description
"Indicates the clock is not updated.";
}
enum freq-set-by-cfg {
description
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"Indicates the clock frequency is set
by NTP configuration.";
}
enum clock-set {
description
"Indicates the clock is set.";
}
enum freq-not-determined {
description
"Indicates the clock is set but the frequency
is not determined.";
}
enum clock-synchronized {
description
"Indicates that the clock is synchronized.";
}
enum spike {
description
"Indicates a time difference of more than
128 milliseconds is detected between NTP server
and client clock. The clock change will take effect
in XXX seconds.";
}
}
description
"Indicates the synchronization status of the local clock.";
}
}
container associations-status {
description
"System status of NTP.";
list association-status {
key "association-source";
leaf association-source {
type union {
type inet:ipv4-address;
type inet:ipv6-address;
}
description
"IPv4 or IPv6 address of the peer.
If a nondefault VRF is configured for the peer,
the VRF follows the address.";
}
leaf association-stratum {
type ntp-stratum;
description
"Indicates the stratum of the reference clock.";
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}
leaf association-refid {
type union {
type inet:ipv4-address;
type binary {
length "4";
}
type string {
length "4";
}
}
description
"Reference clock type or address for the peer.";
}
leaf association-reach {
type uint8;
description
"Indicates the reachability of the configured server or peer.";
}
leaf association-poll {
type uint8;
description
"Indicates the polling interval for current, in seconds.";
}
leaf association-now {
type uint32;
description
"Indicates the time since the NTP packet was not
received or last synchronized, in seconds.";
}
leaf association-offset {
type decimal64 {
fraction-digits 4;
}
description
"Indicates the offset between the local clock
and the superior reference clock.";
}
leaf association-delay {
type decimal64 {
fraction-digits 2;
}
description
"Indicates the delay between the local clock
and the superior reference clock.";
}
leaf association-dispersion {
type decimal64 {
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fraction-digits 2;
}
description
"Indicates the dispersion between the local clock
and the superior reference clock.";
}
leaf association-sent {
type uint32;
description
"Indicates the total number of packets
this association sent.";
}
leaf association-sent-fail {
type uint32;
description
"Indicates the number of times packet sending
failed by this association.";
}
leaf association-received {
type uint32;
description
"Indicates the total number of packets
this association received.";
}
leaf association-dropped {
type uint32;
description
"Indicates the number of packets
this association dropped.";
}
}
}
container ntp-statistics {
description
"Packet statistics of NTP.";
leaf packet-sent {
type uint32;
description
"Indicates the total number of packets sent.";
}
leaf packet-sent-fail {
type uint32;
description
"Indicates the number of times packet sending failed.";
}
leaf packet-received {
type uint32;
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description
"Indicates the total number of packets received.";
}
leaf packet-dropped {
type uint32;
description
"Indicates the number of packets dropped.";
}
}
}
}
//<CODE ENDS>
5. IANA Considerations
This document registers a URI in the "IETF XML Registry" [RFC3688].
Following the format in RFC 3688, the following registration has been
made.
URI: urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-ntp
Registrant Contact: The NETMOD WG of the IETF.
XML: N/A; the requested URI is an XML namespace.
This document registers a YANG module in the "YANG Module Names"
registry [RFC6020].
Name: ietf-ntp
Namespace: urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-ntp
Prefix: ntp
Reference: RFC XXXX
6. Security Considerations
The YANG module defined in this memo is designed to be accessed via
the NETCONF protocol [RFC6241]. The lowest NETCONF layer is the
secure transport layer and the mandatory-to-implement secure
transport is SSH [RFC6242]. The NETCONF access control model
[RFC6536] provides the means to restrict access for particular
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NETCONF users to a pre-configured subset of all available NETCONF
protocol operations and content.
There are a number of data nodes defined in the YANG module which are
writable/creatable/deletable (i.e., config true, which is the
default). These data nodes may be considered sensitive or vulnerable
in some network environments. Write operations (e.g., <edit-config>)
to these data nodes without proper protection can have a negative
effect on network operations.
7. Acknowledgments
TBD.
8. References
8.1. Normative References
[RFC3688] Mealling, M., "The IETF XML Registry", BCP 81, RFC 3688,
January 2004.
[RFC5905] Mills, D., Martin, J., Burbank, J., and W. Kasch, "Network
Time Protocol Version 4: Protocol and Algorithms
Specification", RFC 5905, June 2010.
[RFC5907] Gerstung, H., Elliott, C., and B. Haberman, "Definitions
of Managed Objects for Network Time Protocol Version 4
(NTPv4)", RFC 5907, June 2010.
[RFC6020] Bjorklund, M., "YANG - A Data Modeling Language for the
Network Configuration Protocol (NETCONF)", RFC 6020,
October 2010.
[RFC6241] Enns, R., Bjorklund, M., Schoenwaelder, J., and A.
Bierman, "Network Configuration Protocol (NETCONF)", RFC
6241, June 2011.
[RFC6242] Wasserman, M., "Using the NETCONF Protocol over Secure
Shell (SSH)", RFC 6242, June 2011.
[RFC6536] Bierman, A. and M. Bjorklund, "Network Configuration
Protocol (NETCONF) Access Control Model", RFC 6536, March
2012.
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8.2. Informative References
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
Authors' Addresses
Nan Wu
Huawei
Huawei Bld., No.156 Beiqing Rd.
Beijing 100095
China
Email: eric.wu@huawei.com
Anil Kumar S N
Huawei
Kundalahalli Village, Whitefield
Bangalore, Kanataka 560037
India
Email: anil.sn@huawei.comA
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