One document matched: draft-westerlund-avtext-rtcp-sdes-srcname-00.xml


<?xml version="1.0" encoding="US-ASCII"?>
<!DOCTYPE rfc SYSTEM "rfc2629.dtd">
<?rfc toc="yes"?>
<?rfc tocompact="yes"?>
<?rfc tocdepth="3"?>
<?rfc tocindent="yes"?>
<?rfc symrefs="yes"?>
<?rfc sortrefs="yes"?>
<?rfc comments="yes"?>
<?rfc inline="yes"?>
<?rfc compact="yes"?>
<?rfc subcompact="no"?>
<rfc category="std" docName="draft-westerlund-avtext-rtcp-sdes-srcname-00"
     ipr="trust200902">
  <front>
    <title abbrev="RTCP SDES SRCNAME">RTCP SDES Item SRCNAME to Label
    Individual Sources</title>

    <author fullname="Magnus Westerlund" initials="M." surname="Westerlund">
      <organization>Ericsson</organization>

      <address>
        <postal>
          <street>Farogatan 6</street>

          <city>SE-164 80 Kista</city>

          <country>Sweden</country>
        </postal>

        <phone>+46 10 714 82 87</phone>

        <email>magnus.westerlund@ericsson.com</email>
      </address>
    </author>

    <author fullname="Bo  Burman" initials="B." surname="Burman">
      <organization>Ericsson</organization>

      <address>
        <postal>
          <street>Farogatan 6</street>

          <city>SE-164 80 Kista</city>

          <country>Sweden</country>
        </postal>

        <phone>+46 10 714 13 11</phone>

        <email>bo.burman@ericsson.com</email>
      </address>
    </author>

    <author fullname="Patrik Sandgren" initials="P." surname="Sandgren">
      <organization>Ericsson</organization>

      <address>
        <postal>
          <street>Farogatan 6</street>

          <city>SE-164 80 Kista</city>

          <country>Sweden</country>
        </postal>

        <phone>+46 10 717 97 41</phone>

        <email>patrik.sandgren@ericsson.com</email>
      </address>
    </author>

    <date day="24" month="October" year="2011" />

    <abstract>
      <t>This document defines a new SDES item called SRCNAME which uniquely
      identifies a single media source, like a camera or a microphone. That
      way anyone receiving the SDES information from a set of interlinked RTP
      sessions can determine which SSRCs are related to the same source. It
      can equally be used to label SSRC multiplexed related streams, such as
      FEC or Retransmission streams related to the original source stream in
      the same session. In addition the new SDES item is also defined for
      usage with the SDP source specific media attribute ("a=ssrc") enabling
      an end-point to declare and learn the source bindings ahead of receiving
      RTP/RTCP packets through signalling.</t>
    </abstract>
  </front>

  <middle>
    <section title="Introduction">
      <t>RTP has always been a protocol that supports multiple participants
      each sending their own media streams in RTP sessions. Previously many
      implementations have aimed only at point to point voice over IP with a
      single source in each end-point. Even client implementations aimed at
      video conferences have often been built with the assumption around
      central mixers that only deliver a single media stream per media type.
      However, more advanced client implementations may transmit multiple
      streams in the same RTP session and there may be tight relations between
      different streams and their SSRCs. For example, a client with several
      cameras that uses simulcast to send streams with different encodings of
      the video from each camera have the need of conveying the relation of
      the streams to the receiver. A similar example is a client with several
      cameras that uses <xref target="RFC6190">SVC multi-session
      transmission</xref> and also here the receiver needs to know which
      streams relate to which video source. Other examples of tight relations
      are a retransmission stream and its original stream as well as the case
      of forward error correction (FEC) where a client can send source streams
      and associated repair streams.</t>

      <t>CNAME is not sufficient to express this relation although that is
      commonly inferred from end-points that have only one media stream per
      media type. The primary use of CNAME in multi-source usages is instead
      to indicate which end-point and what synchronization context a
      particular media stream relates to and that usually means that all
      streams sent from a client have the same CNAME. We are neither relying
      on using the same SSRC for all streams related to a particular media
      source as it is not robust against SSRC collision and forces potentially
      cascading SSRC changes between sessions. Also, using the same SSRC is
      not possible when SSRC-multiplexing is used.</t>

      <t>A common solution to convey the relation between streams is to use
      SDP attributes. Session-multiplexed streams can be associated with an
      attribute that groups different RTP sessions and SSRC-multiplexed
      streams can be grouped at the media level for each RTP session. For
      example, in <xref target="RFC5956">Forward Error Correction Grouping
      Semantics in the Session Description Protocol</xref> an SDP media level
      attribute called "ssrc-group:FEC-FR" is used for grouping FEC
      associations when the different streams from a source are
      SSRC-multiplexed in the same RTP session. Using SDP attributes may work
      fine in the case when the receivers of the streams also get an SDP
      describing the bindings of all the streams, but that is not always the
      case. One such example is a conference session where clients are
      communicating with each other via an RTP Translator. The RTP Translator
      forwards all RTP and RTCP traffic from a client to all other clients and
      the clients can be prepared to receive any number of streams of certain
      specified media. When a new client joins the session the other clients
      may not be notified with a SIP Update including a new SDP, instead the
      clients will detect the new client's streams via RTP and RTCP. In this
      case there is no way for a client to identify if certain streams are
      related to each other since that information only was included in the
      SDP.</t>

      <t><xref target="RFC4588">RTP Retransmission Payload Format</xref>
      describes a solution for finding the association between original
      streams and retransmission streams when SSRC-multiplexing is used. The
      association can be resolved when the receiver receives a retransmission
      packet matching a retransmission request sent earlier. However, the RFC
      continues with describing that this mechanism might fail if there are
      two outstanding requests for the same packet sequence number in two
      different original streams of a session. Therefore, to avoid ambiguity
      in unicast a receiver MUST NOT have two outstanding requests for the
      same packet sequence number in two different original streams before the
      association is resolved. For multicast, however, this ambiguity cannot
      be avoided and SSRC-multiplexing of original and retransmission streams
      is therefore prohibited in multicast. By defining a solution for one to
      one mapping between an original stream and any supporting streams this
      issue can be avoided in the future. Note: This document does not update
      RFC 4588 to use this solution, but it may be done in the future.</t>

      <t>To enable an RTP session participant to determine the close relation
      of different streams without the above mentioned problems, a new method
      for identifying such sources is needed. <xref
      target="RFC3550">RTP</xref> defines the Source Description RTCP Packet
      (SDES), which contains one or more chunks, each of which is composed of
      SDES items describing the SSRC identified in that chunk. None of the
      present SDES items is, however, suitable for uniquely identifying a
      media source.</t>

      <t>Therefore we propose that one defines a new SDES item called the
      SRCNAME which with a unique label identifies a single media source, like
      a camera or a microphone. The source may also be a particular media mix
      or conceptual stream, such as the "most active speaker" output by a RTP
      mixer performing stream switching. That way anyone receiving the SDES
      information from a set of interlinked RTP sessions or multiple SSRCs in
      the same session can determine which SSRCs are the same source.
      Connecting streams with SRCNAME can be done irrespective of which
      multiplexing type is used and it solves the problems with the current
      solutions described above.</t>

      <t>It is, however, possible that a receiver will receive the RTP streams
      before receiving SDES packets with all SRCNAME items and that would mean
      that the receiver cannot make the connections between SSRCs and SRCNAMEs
      when starting to receive the media. <xref
      target="RFC5576">"Source-Specific Media Attributes in the Session
      Description Protocol (SDP)"</xref> defines a way of declaring different
      attributes for SSRCs in each session in SDP and if a new source
      attribute is added to this framework it would be suitable for conveying
      the connections between SSRCs and SRCNAMEs before the media
      communication starts. Thus, in addition to the new SDES item we also
      define a new SDP source-specific media attribute called srcname, which
      enables an end-point to declare and learn the source bindings ahead of
      receiving RTP/RTCP packets. Of course, this new SDP source attribute
      will not be useful for the case described above when clients did not get
      updates with new client's stream bindings, but it will be useful in most
      other cases.</t>
    </section>

    <section title="Requirements Language">
      <t>The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
      "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
      document are to be interpreted as described in <xref
      target="RFC2119">RFC 2119</xref>.</t>
    </section>

    <section anchor="sec-2" title="SDES Item SRCNAME">
      <t>Source Descriptions are a method that should work with all RTP
      topologies (assuming that any intermediary node is supporting this item)
      and existing RTP extensions. Thus we propose that one defines a new SDES
      item called the SRCNAME which with a unique identifier identifies a
      single media source, like a camera, a microphone, a particular media
      mix, or conceptual stream. That way anyone receiving the SDES
      information from a set of interlinked RTP sessions or SSRCs in a single
      session can determine which SSRCs are related to the same source.</t>

      <t>The SRCNAME is RECOMMENDED to be per communication session unique
      random identifiers generated according to <xref
      target="RFC6222">"Guidelines for Choosing RTP Control Protocol (RTCP)
      Canonical Names (CNAMEs)"</xref> with the addition that a local counter
      enumerating the sources on the host also is concatenated to the key in
      step 4 prior to calculating the hash. The SRCNAME included in an RTCP
      packet MUST fulfill the requirements Section 6.5 in <xref
      target="RFC3550">RTP</xref> puts on SDES item values in general. These
      requirements is that it is a <xref target="RFC3629">UTF-8</xref> string
      that have a maximum length of 255 bytes.</t>

      <t>This SRCNAME's relation to CNAME is the following. CNAME represents
      an end-point and a synchronization context. If the different sources
      identified by SRCNAMEs should be played out synchronized when receiving
      them in a multi-stream context, then the sources need to be in the same
      synchronization context. Thus in all cases, all SSRCs with the same
      SRCNAME will have the same CNAME. A given CNAME may contain multiple
      sets of sources using different SRCNAMEs.</t>

      <t>The SDES SRCNAME item follows the same format as the other SDES items
      defined in <xref target="RFC3550">RTP</xref>:</t>

      <figure>
        <artwork><![CDATA[ 0                   1                   2                   3
 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| SRCNAME=TBA1  |     length    | source name                 ...
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
]]></artwork>

        <!--TBA1 will replaced with a number assigned by IANA. -->
      </figure>

      <t>When using the SRCNAME SDES item it is equally important to CNAME,
      thus it is RECOMMENDED to be included in all full compound RTCP packets
      being sent. It MAY also be included in non-compound packets in cases
      where the implementation believes that there might be new receivers
      needing the information.</t>
    </section>

    <section anchor="sec-3" title="SRCNAME in SDP">
      <t><xref target="RFC5576">"Source-Specific Media Attributes in the
      Session Description Protocol (SDP)"</xref> defines a way of declaring
      attributes for SSRC in each session in SDP. With a new SDES item, one
      can use this framework to define how also the SRCNAME can be provided in
      the SDP for each SSRC in each RTP session, thus enabling an end-point to
      declare and learn the source bindings ahead of receiving RTP/RTCP
      packets.</t>

      <t>Hence, we propose a new SDP source attribute called srcname with the
      following structure:</t>

      <figure>
        <artwork><![CDATA[a=ssrc:<ssrc-id> srcname:<srcname>
]]></artwork>
      </figure>

      <t>The srcname value MUST be identical to the SRCNAME value the media
      sender will send in the SDES SRCNAME item in the SDES RTCP packets.</t>

      <t>Formal<xref target="RFC5234"> ABNF syntax</xref> for the "srcname"
      attribute:</t>

      <figure>
        <artwork><![CDATA[srcname-attr = "srcname:" srcname

ssrcname = byte-string
   ; The definition of "byte-string" is in RFC 4566.

attribute =/ srcname-attr
   ; The definition of "attribute" is in RFC 4566.
 ]]></artwork>
      </figure>

      <t></t>
    </section>

    <section anchor="sec-4" title="Examples">
      <t>This section shows SDP examples of declaring the SRCNAME in SDP. Only
      the relevant parts of the SDP are shown to improve readability. Please
      note that the below examples are all hypothetical as no decision has yet
      been to use the SRCNAME mechanism with the respective example.</t>

      <section title="Simulcast">
        <t>In this use case the end-point is a client with a single audio
        source and two video sources and it uses simulcast for sending
        different encodings of the same video source. This example is based on
        <xref target="I-D.westerlund-avtcore-rtp-simulcast">Using Simulcast in
        RTP sessions</xref>. The following SDP describes this.</t>

        <figure>
          <artwork><![CDATA[s=Simulcast enabled client
m=audio 49200 RTP/AVP 96
a=rtpmap:96 G719/48000/2
a=ssrc:521923924 cname:alice@foo.example.com
a=ssrc:521923924 srcname:2b:45:c7:12:83:e6
a=mid:1
m=video 49300 RTP/AVP 96
a=rtpmap:96 H264/90000
a=fmtp:96 profile-level-id=42c01e
a=imageattr:* send [x=640,y=360] recv [x=640,y=360] [x=320,y=180]
a=ssrc:192392452 cname:alice@foo.example.com
a=ssrc:192392452 srcname:a3:d3:4b:f1:22:12
a=ssrc:834753488 cname:alice@foo.example.com
a=ssrc:834753488 srcname:7a:39:a9:3e:28:f7
a=mid:2
a=content:main
m=video 49400 RTP/AVP 96
a=rtpmap:96 H264/90000
a=fmtp:96 profile-level-id=42c00d
a=imageattr:96 send [x=320,y=180]
a=ssrc:239245219 cname:alice@foo.example.com
a=ssrc:239245219 srcname:a3:d3:4b:f1:22:12
a=ssrc:734623563 cname:alice@foo.example.com
a=ssrc:734623563 srcname:7a:39:a9:3e:28:f7
a=mid:3
a=sendonly
]]></artwork>
        </figure>

        <t>The audio session is proposing to use one stereo stream of G.719
        and the video sessions are proposing to send two different encodings
        of each video source, one with the resolution 640x360 and one with
        320x180. The end-point also declares the SSRCs it intends to use with
        bindings to CNAME and SRCNAME, enabling the receiver of the SDP to
        bind together the video streams that originates from the same video
        camera.</t>

        <t>The use of the srcname attribute in the SDP is optional and the
        information can be retrieved from RTCP reporting, but it will then not
        be possible to correctly relate the video sources until the first RTCP
        report is received.</t>
      </section>

      <section title="SVC with multi-session transmission">
        <t>Here an example is shown of a client that uses SVC with
        multi-session transmission as described in <xref target="RFC6190">RTP
        Payload Format for Scalable Video Coding</xref>. <xref
        target="RFC6190">RTP Payload Format for Scalable Video Coding</xref>
        only describes examples for a client with one video source and the
        decoder dependencies of the different sessions are grouped using the
        Session grouping DDP attribute as defined in <xref
        target="RFC5583">Signaling Media Decoding Dependency in the Session
        Description Protocol (SDP)</xref> and implicitly CNAME.</t>

        <t>However, if a client has two video sources and wishes to use
        multi-session transmission and send streams from both sources in each
        session an additional grouping mechanism is needed to group the
        different streams in the different sessions. SRCNAME is suitable for
        this and here we show an example where the DDP attribute groups the
        different sessions and the SRCNAME is used to relate the different
        SSRCs in each RTP session to one of the two video sources.</t>

        <figure>
          <artwork><![CDATA[s=SVC MST client
a=group:DDP L1 L2 L3
m=video 20000 RTP/AVP 96
a=rtpmap:96 H264/90000
a=fmtp:96 profile-level-id=4de00a; packetization-mode=1;
 mst-mode=NI-TC; sprop-parameter-sets={sps0},{pps0};
a=ssrc:743947584 cname:bob@foo.example.com
a=ssrc:743947584 srcname:7e:83:c1:82:e8:a6
a=ssrc:283894947 cname:bob@foo.example.com
a=ssrc:283894947 srcname:b3:8d:f1:18:c5:84
a=mid:L1
m=video 20002 RTP/AVP 97
a=rtpmap:97 H264-SVC/90000
a=fmtp:97 profile-level-id=53000c; packetization-mode=1;
 mst-mode=NI-T; sprop-parameter-sets={sps1},{pps1};
a=ssrc:492784823 cname:bob@foo.example.com
a=ssrc:492784823 srcname:7e:83:c1:82:e8:a6
a=ssrc:892362397 cname:bob@foo.example.com
a=ssrc:892362397 srcname:b3:8d:f1:18:c5:84
a=mid:L2
a=depend:97 lay L1:96
m=video 20004 RTP/AVP 98
a=rtpmap:98 H264-SVC/90000
a=fmtp:98 profile-level-id=53001F; packetization-mode=1;
 mst-mode=NI-T; sprop-parameter-sets={sps2},{pps2};
a=ssrc:184562894 cname:bob@foo.example.com
a=ssrc:184562894 srcname:7e:83:c1:82:e8:a6
a=ssrc:305605682 cname:bob@foo.example.com
a=ssrc:305605682 srcname:b3:8d:f1:18:c5:84
a=mid:L3
a=depend:98 lay L1:96 L2:97

]]></artwork>
        </figure>

        <t>Thus, the client declares that it will send two video streams in
        each RTP session and the receiver is then able to relate the streams
        in the different sessions by using the SRCNAME binding. Without the
        SRCNAME binding it would not be possible for the receiver to know
        which streams belong to the same source.</t>
      </section>

      <section title="Retransmission">
        <t>This use case shows how SRCNAME can be used to connect
        retransmission streams to the original streams in the case of SSRC
        multiplexed <xref target="RFC4588">RTP retransmission</xref>. This is
        included to exemplify how RTP retransmission could be updated to
        provide explicit bindings between the source and the repair stream,
        but just an example and not a specification.</t>

        <figure>
          <artwork><![CDATA[s=SSRC-multiplexed retransmission client
m=audio 49200 RTP/AVP 96
a=rtpmap:96 G719/48000/2
a=ssrc:521923924 cname:carol@foo.example.com
a=ssrc:521923924 srcname:88:3a:93:c1:3f:71
a=mid:1
m=video 49300 RTP/AVP 96 97
a=rtpmap:96 H264/90000
a=rtcp-fb:96 nack
a=fmtp:96 profile-level-id=42c01e
a=rtpmap:97 rtx/90000
a=fmtp:97 apt=96;rtx-time=200
a=ssrc:192392452 cname:carol@foo.example.com
a=ssrc:192392452 srcname:7b:6e:23:8b:31:a8
a=ssrc:834753488 cname:carol@foo.example.com
a=ssrc:834753488 srcname:7b:6e:23:8b:31:a8
a=ssrc:682394013 cname:carol@foo.example.com
a=ssrc:682394013 srcname:c4:98:d9:1a:fc:58
a=ssrc:284576129 cname:carol@foo.example.com
a=ssrc:284576129 srcname:c4:98:d9:1a:fc:58
a=mid:2
]]></artwork>
        </figure>

        <t>The client proposes to send two original video streams in the video
        session and a retransmission stream for each one of them. The
        retransmission streams are associated with the respective original
        stream by using the same SRCNAME and a receiver would then know which
        original stream a certain retransmission stream is associated with.
        This solves the ambiguity problem when SSRC-multiplexing is used for
        retransmission and it enables SSRC-multiplexing of original and
        retransmission streams to be used also in multicast sessions.</t>
      </section>

      <section title="Forward Error Correction">
        <t><xref target="RFC5956">Forward Error Correction Grouping Semantics
        in the Session Description Protocol</xref> defines two SDP attributes
        for grouping the associated source and FEC-based repair streams. One
        can be used for grouping different RTP sessions and the other can be
        used for grouping SSRCs in the same RTP session, i.e. when session-
        respective SSRC-multiplexing is used. However, it may be advantageous
        to SSRC-multiplex the source streams in one RTP session and the repair
        streams in another since that gives a receiver the possibility to
        reject the repair session in case it does not support the proposed
        FEC. In this case the above mentioned grouping attributes cannot be
        used to associate the repair streams with the respective source stream
        since grouping of SSRCs cannot be made across RTP sessions. The
        following example shows how SRCNAME can be used for that.</t>

        <figure>
          <artwork><![CDATA[s=FEC client
a=group:FEC-FR 1 2
m=video 49200 RTP/AVP 100
a=rtpmap:100 MP2T/90000
a=ssrc:847612849 cname:dave@foo.example.com
a=ssrc:847612849 srcname:45:a8:f4:19:b4:c3
a=ssrc:558237845 cname:dave@foo.example.com
a=ssrc:558237845 srcname:b8:58:29:c7:2f:9e
a=mid:1
m=application 49300 RTP/AVP 101
a=rtpmap:101 1d-interleaved-parityfec/90000
a=fmtp:101 L=5; D=10; repair-window=200000
a=ssrc:389572053 cname:dave@foo.example.com
a=ssrc:389572053 srcname:45:a8:f4:19:b4:c3
a=ssrc:185729479 cname:dave@foo.example.com
a=ssrc:185729479 srcname:b8:58:29:c7:2f:9e
a=mid:2

]]></artwork>
        </figure>

        <t>In this example the client proposes to send two video streams in
        one session and two repair streams in the other session. The repair
        streams are associated with the respective video stream by using the
        same SRCNAME. When receiving either this SDP or the SDES SRCNAME
        packets a receiver can make the connection between the source streams
        and the repair streams. Even a client not receiving the SDP will be
        able to do the association if it has established one RTP session for
        receiving source streams and another for receiving repair streams.</t>
      </section>
    </section>

    <section title="Usage with the Offer/Answer Model">
      <t>The SDP offer/answer procedures for the a=ssrc is specified in <xref
      target="RFC5576">Source-Specific Media Attributes in the Session
      Description Protocol (SDP)</xref>.</t>
    </section>

    <section title="Backward Compatibility">
      <t>Clients not supporting SRCNAME will not have the possibility to bind
      different streams to a specific media source, since they will not
      understand the SRCNAME SDES item. However, sending SRCNAME SDES items to
      a client not supporting it should not impose any problems since all
      clients should be prepared that new SDES items may be specified
      according to <xref target="RFC3550">RTP</xref>.</t>

      <t>According to the definition of SDP attributes in <xref
      target="RFC4566">SDP: Session Description Protocol</xref>, if an
      attribute is received that is not understood, it MUST be ignored by the
      receiver. So a receiver not supporting the ssrc attribute will simply
      ignore it.</t>

      <t><xref target="RFC5576">Source-Specific Media Attributes in the
      Session Description Protocol (SDP)</xref> defines rules of how new
      source attributes should be registered, which means that a receiver
      supporting RFC5576 should be prepared that new source attributes may be
      defined. This means that a user supporting some of the source attributes
      should not have any problems when the user receives an SDP with unknown
      source attributes.</t>
    </section>

    <section anchor="IANA" title="IANA Considerations">
      <t>Following the guidelines in <xref target="RFC4566">SDP</xref>, in
      <xref target="RFC5888">The Session Description Protocol (SDP) Grouping
      Framework</xref>, and in <xref target="RFC3550">RTP</xref>, the IANA is
      requested to register:</t>

      <t><list style="numbers">
          <t>A new SDES item named SRCNAME, as defined in <xref
          target="sec-2"></xref>. This item needs to be assigned an identifier
          TBA1.</t>

          <t>A new SDP source attribute named srcname, as defined in <xref
          target="sec-3"></xref>.</t>
        </list></t>
    </section>

    <section anchor="Security" title="Security Considerations">
      <t>The SDES SRCNAMEs being opaque identifiers could potentially carry
      additional meanings or function as overt channel. If the SRCNAME would
      be permanent between sessions, they have the potential for compromising
      the users’ privacy as they can be tracked between sessions. See
      <xref target="RFC6222">Guidelines for Choosing RTP Control Protocol
      (RTCP) Canonical Names (CNAMEs)</xref> for more discussion.</t>

      <t>A third party modification of the srcname labels either in the RTCP
      SDES items or in the SDP a=ssrc attribute can cause service disruption.
      By modifying labels the wrong streams could be associated, with
      potentially serious effects including media disruptions. If streams that
      are to be associated aren't associated, then another type of failures
      occur. To prevent modification, insertion or deletion of the srcname
      labels the carrying channel needs to be protected by integrity
      protection and source authentication. For RTCP various solutions exist,
      such as <xref target="RFC3711">SRTP</xref>, <xref
      target="RFC4347">DTLS</xref>, <xref target="RFC4301">IPsec</xref>. For
      protecting the SDP the signalling channel needs to provide protection.
      For <xref target="RFC3261">SIP S/MIME</xref> are the ideal, and hop by
      hop<xref target="RFC5246"> TLS</xref> provides at least some protection,
      although not perfect. For SDP's retrieved using <xref
      target="RFC2326">RTSP DESCRIBE</xref> TLS would be the RECOMMENDED
      solution.</t>
    </section>
  </middle>

  <back>
    <references title="Normative References">
      <?rfc include="reference.RFC.2119"?>

      <?rfc include='reference.RFC.3629'?>

      <?rfc include='reference.RFC.3550'?>

      <?rfc include='reference.RFC.5234'?>

      <?rfc include='reference.RFC.5576'?>

      <?rfc include='reference.RFC.6222'?>
    </references>

    <references title="Informative References">
      <?rfc include='reference.I-D.westerlund-avtcore-rtp-simulcast'?>

      <?rfc include='reference.RFC.4566'?>

      <?rfc include='reference.RFC.4301'?>

      <?rfc include='reference.RFC.4347'?>

      <?rfc include='reference.RFC.2326'?>

      <?rfc include='reference.RFC.3261'?>

      <?rfc include='reference.RFC.3711'?>

      <?rfc include='reference.RFC.4588'?>

      <?rfc include='reference.RFC.5246'?>

      <?rfc include='reference.RFC.5583'?>

      <?rfc include='reference.RFC.5888'?>

      <?rfc include='reference.RFC.5956'?>

      <?rfc include='reference.RFC.6190'?>
    </references>
  </back>
</rfc>

PAFTECH AB 2003-20262026-04-23 14:24:49