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Differences from draft-thomson-geopriv-wimax-measurements-00.txt




GEOPRIV                                                       M. Thomson
Internet-Draft                                           J. Winterbottom
Intended status: Standards Track                                  Andrew
Expires: June 5, 2009                                   December 2, 2008


             Location Measurements for IEEE 802.16e Devices
              draft-thomson-geopriv-wimax-measurements-01

Status of this Memo

   By submitting this Internet-Draft, each author represents that any
   applicable patent or other IPR claims of which he or she is aware
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   This Internet-Draft will expire on June 5, 2009.


















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Abstract

   IEEE 802.16e defines means for true mobility within an 802.16
   wireless network.  Determining an accurate location for 802.16e
   devices requires information on radio parameters.  A format is
   defined for location-related measurement data that can be provided by
   an 802.16e device.  This measurement data can be used by a Location
   Information Server (LIS) to more accurately determine the location of
   the device.  A separate measurement used for identifying WiMAX
   session-related parameters is also provided.


Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3
   2.  Conventions used in this document  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  4
   3.  802.16e Radio Measurement Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  5
   4.  WiMAX Session-Related Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7
   5.  802.16e Measurement Schema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  8
   6.  Security Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
   7.  IANA Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
     7.1.  URN Sub-Namespace Registration for
           urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:held:lm:802.16e . . . . . . . . . . 12
     7.2.  XML Schema Registration for 802.16e Measurement Schema . . 12
   8.  Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
   Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
   Intellectual Property and Copyright Statements . . . . . . . . . . 15
























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1.  Introduction

   Determining the location of a device in an IEEE 802.16e [IEEE.80216E]
   mobile wireless network requires information from the device to
   improve the accuracy of the final result.  Radio timing information
   provided by the device can enable the calculation of a more accurate
   location estimate by a Location Information Server (LIS).

   This document describes a standard format for 802.16e measurement
   data that is based on radio measurements made of base stations near
   the device.








































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2.  Conventions used in this document

   This document builds on [I-D.thomson-geopriv-held-measurements] and
   consequently uses the same set of terminology.  Terminology from
   [IEEE.80216E] is used where appropriate.

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].










































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3.  802.16e Radio Measurement Data

   A subscriber station (SS) in an 802.16e network is able to observe
   radio signals from each base station (BS) in its proximity.  By
   observing the timing and strength of these signals, a SS is able to
   provide a LIS with information that can be used to determine its
   location.

   The most basic 802.16e measurement indicates the serving BS, as shown
   in Figure 1.

     <locationRequest xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:geopriv:held">
       <locationType exact="true">civic</locationType>
       <measurements xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:geopriv:lm">
         <w16e xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:geopriv:lm:802.16e">
           <servingBS id="00-21-43-65-87-a9"/>
         </w16e>
       </measurements>
     </locationRequest>

       Figure 1: HELD Location Request with 802.16e Measurement Data

   More measurement information can be provided, including timing
   measurement information for additional serving base stations (if fast
   base station switching (FBSS) or macro-diversity hand-over (MDHO) are
   in progress).  Information on neighbouring base stations can be
   provided in addition to that for the serving BS.

   The set of measurement data is chosen by the SS and the presence of
   specific elements will depend on the time the SS has available to
   acquire the measurements.  The following measurement information may
   be provided:

   id:  (Attribute) The base station identifier for the measured BS.
      Note that while this isn't a MAC address, it shares the encoding
      defined for the MAC address.

   rssi:  Receive signal strength indicator, calculated as defined in
      [IEEE.80216E].  This value is measured in units of dBm.  This
      datum optionally includes an RMS error in dB and sample count.

   cinr:  Carrier inteference to noise ratio (signal to noise),
      calculated as defined in [IEEE.80216E].  This value is measured in
      units of dB.  This datum optionally includes an RMS error and
      sample count.






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   rd:  Relative delay of the signal from the BS, measured relative to
      other base stations.  Since this value is relative, it MUST be
      included on at least two BS measurements to be of any use.  It is
      RECOMMENDED that this value be set to "0" for the first BS in the
      measured set.  This datum optionally includes an RMS error and
      sample count.

        (V) _
         |   `- _ t[1]
         |       `- _       t[2]
         | BS1       ` . - - - - - - - - - - (V)
                      _|`.                    |
                     |U|  `. t[3]             |
                     |_|    `.            BS2 |
                 Target SS    `.
                                (V)
                                 |
                                 |
                                 | BS3

                       Figure 2: Relative Delay Example

      Based on the example in Figure 2, relative delay can be calculated
      based on the relative time that signals transmitted simultaneously
      (or with known relative times) by base stations can be calculated.
      If the time of receipt of the signal from each base station is
      t[x] and the relative delay for BS1 is set to zero, the relative
      time for each subsequent measured base station is t[x] - t[1].

   rtd:  Round trip delay of the signal from the SS to the BS and back.
      This measurement datum is only applicable for each serving BS.
      This value is measured in seconds.  This datum optionally includes
      an RMS error and sample count.

   The "rmsError" attribute for signal to noise and received signal
   strength MAY be calculated using the continuous weighted average
   method described in [IEEE.80216E].  Values of "alpha_AVG" and "k" are
   selected by the SS.

   The XML format described in this document provides a greater range of
   values than the Scanning Results Report ("MOB_SCN-REP") or the
   Channel measurement Report Response ("REP-RSP") message.  This allows
   for the reporting of measurements in a manner less constrained by
   encoding.  A greater range of values does not necessarily imply
   anything about the uncertainty in those measurements; the RMS error
   is used to indicate the magnitude of any error.





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4.  WiMAX Session-Related Measurements

   In Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) networks
   [WiMAX.LBS], an SS might have a particular access network designated
   as a "home network".  In some configurations the network is designed
   in such a way that the SS only has access to a location server in the
   home network, known as a home location server, or hLS.  However, a
   server in the current (visited) access network--the vLS--could be the
   only server that is capable of communicating with the access network
   to determine the location of the SS.  In this case the hLS provides
   WiMAX session information to the vLS, giving the vLS the information
   necessary to identify a session and generate location information.

   Figure 3 shows an example measurement that contains information
   regarding a session.  This contains the session identifier that is
   assigned by the anchor authenticator.  The Network Access Identifier
   (NAI) [RFC4282] of the device and the address of the anchor
   authenticator is included.

     <measurements xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:geopriv:lm">
       <wimaxSession xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:geopriv:lm:802.16e">
         <sessionID>19abd9e9f923978f80310d</sessionID>
         <nai>user.206417@example.realm</nai>
         <anchor ip="2001:DB8::f:301">f-301.aa.example.com</anchor>
       </wimaxSession>
     </measurements>

                                 Figure 3

   Session parameters are used to identify a particular network
   attachment session:

   sessionID:  A temporary identifier given to a particular session.

   nai:  The NAI [RFC4282] used by the device to gain network
      authorization.

   anchor:  The domain name of the anchor authenticator in the visited
      network.  Optionally, this includes an attribute that indicates an
      IP address in addition to the domain name.











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5.  802.16e Measurement Schema

   Note:  The pattern for NAI has extra whitespace added to conform to
      formatting restrictions.  The actual value does not contain
      whitespace.


  <?xml version="1.0"?>
  <xs:schema
      targetNamespace="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:geopriv:lm:802.16e"
      xmlns:w16e="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:geopriv:lm:802.16e"
      xmlns:bt="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:geopriv:lm:basetypes"
      xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
      elementFormDefault="qualified"
      attributeFormDefault="unqualified">

    <xs:annotation>
      <xs:documentation source="https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfcXXXX.txt">
        <!-- [[NOTE TO RFC-EDITOR: Please replace above URL with URL of
             published RFC and remove this note.]] -->
        This document defines a location-related measurement format
        for 802.16e mobile wireless devices.
      </xs:documentation>
    </xs:annotation>

    <xs:import namespace="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:geopriv:lm:basetypes"/>

    <xs:element name="w16e" type="w16e:w16eType"/>
    <xs:complexType name="w16eType">
      <xs:complexContent>
        <xs:restriction base="xs:anyType">
          <xs:sequence>
            <xs:choice>
              <xs:element ref="w16e:servingBS" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
              <xs:element ref="w16e:neighbourBS"/>
            </xs:choice>
            <xs:element ref="w16e:neighbourBS"
                        minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
          </xs:sequence>
        </xs:restriction>
      </xs:complexContent>
    </xs:complexType>

    <xs:element name="neighbourBS" type="w16e:bsType"/>

    <xs:complexType name="bsType">
      <xs:complexContent>
        <xs:restriction base="xs:anyType">



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          <xs:sequence>
            <xs:element name="rssi" type="bt:doubleWithRMSError"
                        minOccurs="0"/>
            <xs:element name="cinr" type="bt:doubleWithRMSError"
                        minOccurs="0"/>
            <xs:element name="rd" type="bt:doubleWithRMSError"
                        minOccurs="0"/>
            <xs:any namespace="##other" processContents="lax"
                    minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
          </xs:sequence>
          <xs:attribute name="id" type="bt:macAddressType"/>
        </xs:restriction>
      </xs:complexContent>
    </xs:complexType>

    <xs:element name="servingBS" type="w16e:servingBsType"/>

    <xs:complexType name="servingBsType">
      <xs:complexContent>
        <xs:extension base="w16e:bsType">
          <xs:sequence>
            <xs:element name="rtd" type="bt:nnDoubleWithRMSError"
                        minOccurs="0"/>
          </xs:sequence>
        </xs:extension>
      </xs:complexContent>
    </xs:complexType>

    <xs:element name="wimaxSession" type="w16e:wimaxSessionType"/>

    <xs:complexType name="wimaxSessionType">
      <xs:complexContent>
        <xs:restriction base="xs:anyType">
          <xs:sequence>
            <xs:element name="sessionID" type="xs:hexBinary"/>
            <xs:element name="nai" type="w16e:naiType"/>
            <xs:element name="anchor" type="w16e:anchorType"/>
            <xs:any namespace="##other" processContents="lax"
                    minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
          </xs:sequence>
        </xs:restriction>
      </xs:complexContent>
    </xs:complexType>

    <xs:complexType name="anchorType">
      <xs:simpleContent>
        <xs:extension base="w16e:domainType">
          <xs:attribute name="ip" type="bt:ipAddressType"/>



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        </xs:extension>
      </xs:simpleContent>
    </xs:complexType>

    <xs:simpleType name="domainType">
      <xs:restriction base="xs:token">
        <xs:pattern
            value="([a-zA-Z0-9]([a-zA-Z0-9-]*[a-zA-Z0-9])?\.?)+"/>
      </xs:restriction>
    </xs:simpleType>

    <xs:simpleType name="naiType">
      <xs:restriction base="xs:token">
        <xs:pattern
            value="((((([-0-9a-zA-Z!#$%&'*+/=?^_`{|}~]
                        |\P{IsBasicLatin}|\\.)+\.)*
                       ([-0-9a-zA-Z!#$%&'*+/=?^_`{|}~]
                        |\P{IsBasicLatin}|\\.)+)
                     (\@([0-9a-zA-Z]([-0-9a-zA-Z]*[0-9a-zA-Z])?\.)*
                      ([0-9a-zA-Z]([-0-9a-zA-Z]*[0-9a-zA-Z])?))?)
                    |(\@([0-9a-zA-Z]([-0-9a-zA-Z]*[0-9a-zA-Z])?\.)*
                      ([0-9a-zA-Z]([-0-9a-zA-Z]*[0-9a-zA-Z])?)))"/>
      </xs:restriction>
    </xs:simpleType>
  </xs:schema>


























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6.  Security Considerations

   The considerations of [I-D.thomson-geopriv-held-measurements] apply.
   However, the receiver of 802.16e measurement information requires
   knowledge of the location of base stations to make effective use of
   the information.

   NAI is used as identification information for a device.  The
   connection of this information with other session parameters provides
   a potential link between identity and location.  In addition, unless
   care is taken to verify this information, this datum could be
   exploited by an attacker to gain access to another user's location
   information.  See the privacy and security considerations of
   [I-D.winterbottom-geopriv-held-identity-extensions] for details on
   using identity parameters.




































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7.  IANA Considerations

7.1.  URN Sub-Namespace Registration for
      urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:held:lm:802.16e

   This section registers a new XML namespace,
   "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:held:lm:802.16e", following the guidelines in
   [RFC3688].

      URI: urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:held:lm

      Registrant Contact: IETF, GEOPRIV working group,
      (geopriv@ietf.org), Martin Thomson (martin.thomson@andrew.com).

      XML:

         BEGIN
           <?xml version="1.0"?>
           <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
             "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
           <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en">
             <head>
               <title>802.16e Measurements</title>
             </head>
             <body>
               <h1>Namespace for 802.16e Measurements</h1>
               <h2>urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:held:lm:802.16e</h2>
   [[NOTE TO IANA/RFC-EDITOR: Please update RFC URL and replace XXXX
       with the RFC number for this specification.]]
               <p>See <a href="[[RFC URL]]">RFCXXXX</a>.</p>
             </body>
           </html>
         END

7.2.  XML Schema Registration for 802.16e Measurement Schema

   This section registers an XML schema following the guidelines in
   [RFC3688].

   URI:  urn:ietf:params:xml:schema:held:lm:802.16e

   Registrant Contact:  IETF, GEOPRIV working group, (geopriv@ietf.org),
      Martin Thomson (martin.thomson@andrew.com).

   Schema:  The XML for this schema can be found in Section 5 of this
      document.





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8.  Normative References

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.

   [RFC3688]  Mealling, M., "The IETF XML Registry", BCP 81, RFC 3688,
              January 2004.

   [RFC4282]  Aboba, B., Beadles, M., Arkko, J., and P. Eronen, "The
              Network Access Identifier", RFC 4282, December 2005.

   [I-D.thomson-geopriv-held-measurements]
              Thomson, M. and J. Winterbottom, "Using Device-provided
              Location-Related Measurements in Location  Configuration
              Protocols", draft-thomson-geopriv-held-measurements-03
              (work in progress), October 2008.

   [I-D.winterbottom-geopriv-held-identity-extensions]
              Thomson, M., Tschofenig, H., Barnes, R., and J.
              Winterbottom, "HELD Identity Extensions",
              draft-winterbottom-geopriv-held-identity-extensions-07
              (work in progress), November 2008.

   [IEEE.80216E]
              IEEE, "Air Interface for Fixed and Mobile Broadband
              Wireless Access Systems; Physical and Medium Access
              Control Layers for Combined Fixed and Mobile Operation in
              Licensed Bands", Std 802.16E, February 2006.

   [WiMAX.LBS]
              WiMAX Forum, "WiMAX Network Protocols and Architecture for
              Location Based Services", Network Release 1.5 1.0.0 Draft,
              November 2008.


















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Authors' Addresses

   Martin Thomson
   Andrew
   PO Box U40
   Wollongong University Campus, NSW  2500
   AU

   Phone: +61 2 4221 2915
   Email: martin.thomson@andrew.com
   URI:   http://www.andrew.com/


   James Winterbottom
   Andrew
   PO Box U40
   Wollongong University Campus, NSW  2500
   AU

   Phone: +61 2 4221 2938
   Email: james.winterbottom@andrew.com
   URI:   http://www.andrew.com/





























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Full Copyright Statement

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