One document matched: draft-rothenberg-sacm-oval-directives-model-01.xml


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<rfc category="info"
  docName="draft-rothenberg-sacm-oval-directives-model-01"
  ipr="trust200902">
  <!-- category values: std, bcp, info, exp, and historic
     ipr values: full3667, noModification3667, noDerivatives3667
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  <!-- ***** FRONT MATTER ***** -->

  <front>
    <!-- The abbreviated title is used in the page header - it is only necessary if the 
         full title is longer than 39 characters -->

    <title abbrev="OVAL Directives Model">OVAL(R)
      Directives Model</title>

    <!-- add 'role="editor"' below for the editors if appropriate -->

    <!-- Another author who claims to be an editor -->

    <author fullname="Michael Cokus" initials="M.C."
      surname="Cokus">
      <organization>The MITRE
        Corporation</organization>

      <address>
        <postal>
          <street>903 Enterprise Parkway, Suite 200</street>

          <!-- Reorder these if your country does things differently -->

          <city>Hampton</city>

          <region>VA</region>

          <code>23666</code>

          <country>USA</country>
        </postal>

        <phone/>

        <email>msc@mitre.org</email>

        <!-- uri and facsimile elements may also be added -->
      </address>
    </author>

    <author fullname="Daniel Haynes"
      initials="D.H." surname="Haynes">
      <organization>The MITRE
        Corporation</organization>

      <address>
        <postal>
          <street>202 Burlington Road</street>

          <!-- Reorder these if your country does things differently -->

          <city>Bedford</city>

          <region>MA</region>

          <code>01730</code>

          <country>USA</country>
        </postal>

        <phone/>

        <email>dhaynes@mitre.org</email>

        <!-- uri and facsimile elements may also be added -->
      </address>
    </author>

    <author fullname="David Rothenberg"
      initials="D.R." surname="Rothenberg">
      <organization>The MITRE
        Corporation</organization>

      <address>
        <postal>
          <street>202 Burlington Road</street>

          <!-- Reorder these if your country does things differently -->

          <city>Bedford</city>

          <region>MA</region>

          <code>01730</code>

          <country>USA</country>
        </postal>

        <phone/>

        <email>drothenberg@mitre.org</email>

        <!-- uri and facsimile elements may also be added -->
      </address>
    </author>

    <author fullname="Juan Gonzalez"
      initials="J.G." surname="Gonzalez">
      <organization>Department of Homeland
        Security</organization>

      <address>
        <postal>
          <street>245 Murray Lane</street>

          <!-- Reorder these if your country does things differently -->

          <city>Washington</city>

          <region>DC</region>

          <code>20548</code>

          <country>USA</country>
        </postal>

        <phone/>

        <email>juan.gonzalez@dhs.gov</email>

        <!-- uri and facsimile elements may also be added -->
      </address>
    </author>

    <date month="September" year="2016"/>

    <!-- If the month and year are both specified and are the current ones, xml2rfc will fill 
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	 purpose of calculating the expiry date).  With drafts it is normally sufficient to 
	 specify just the year. -->

    <!-- Meta-data Declarations -->

    <area>Security</area>

    <workgroup>Security Automation and Continuous
      Monitoring</workgroup>

    <!-- WG name at the upperleft corner of the doc,
         IETF is fine for individual submissions.  
	 If this element is not present, the default is "Network Working Group",
         which is used by the RFC Editor as a nod to the history of the IETF. -->

    <keyword>security automation</keyword>
    <keyword>continuous monitoring</keyword>
    <keyword>endpoint</keyword>
    <keyword>posture assessment</keyword>
    <keyword>oval</keyword>
    <keyword>data model</keyword>
    <keyword>posture attribute
      evaluation</keyword>
    <keyword>posture attribute
      collection</keyword>
    <keyword>configuration management</keyword>
    <keyword>vulnerability management</keyword>
    <keyword>information model</keyword>

    <!-- Keywords will be incorporated into HTML output
         files in a meta tag but they have no effect on text or nroff
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    <abstract>
      <t>This document specifies Version 5.11.1 of
        the OVAL Directives Model which defines
        the constructs used to tailor the level of
        detail contained within a set of OVAL
        Results.</t>
    </abstract>
  </front>

  <middle>
    <section title="Introduction">
      <t>The Open Vulnerability and Assessment
        Language (OVAL) <xref
          target="OVAL-WEBSITE"/> is an
        international, information security
        community effort to standardize how to
        assess and report upon the machine state
        of systems. For over ten years, OVAL has
        been developed in collaboration with any
        and all interested parties to promote open
        and publicly available security content
        and to standardize the representation of
        this information across the entire
        spectrum of security tools and
        services.</t>

      <t>OVAL provides an established framework
        for making assertions about a system's
        state by standardizing the three main
        steps of the assessment process:
        representing the current machine state;
        analyzing the system for the presence of
        the specified machine state; and
        representing the results of the assessment
        which facilitates collaboration and
        information sharing among the information
        security community and interoperability
        among tools.</t>

      <t>This draft is the part of the OVAL
        contribution to the IETF SACM WG that
        standardizes the representation of the
        results of an assessment. It is intended
        to serve as a starting point for the
        endpoint posture assessment data modeling
        needs of SACM specifically a capability to
        specify the level of detail in Evaluation
        Results.</t>

      <section title="Requirements Language">
        <t>The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT",
          "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
          "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED",
          "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document
          are to be interpreted as described in
            <xref target="RFC2119">RFC
          2119</xref>.</t>
      </section>
    </section>

    <!-- This PI places the pagebreak correctly (before the section title) in the text output. -->

    <?rfc needLines="8" ?>

    <section title="OVAL Directives Model"
      anchor="oval-directives-model">
      <t>The OVAL Directives Model is used to
        control what result information is
        included in the OVAL Results as well as
        specify its level of detail. </t>
      <texttable
        anchor="oval_directives_mapping_table"
        title="oval_directives Construct">
        <!-- DR better title? -->
        <ttcol align="left">Property</ttcol>
        <ttcol align="left">Type</ttcol>
        <ttcol align="left">Count</ttcol>
        <ttcol align="left">Description</ttcol>

        <c>generator</c>
        <c>oval:GeneratorType</c>
        <c>1</c>
        <c>Information regarding the generation of
          the OVAL Directives content. The
          timestamp property of the generator MUST
          represent the time at which the
          oval_directives was created.</c>

        <c>directives</c>
        <c>oval-res:DefaultDirectivesType</c>
        <c>1</c>
        <c>Describes the default set of directives
          that specify the results that have been
          included in the OVAL Results.</c>

        <c>class_directives</c>
        <c>oval-res:ClassDirectivesType</c>
        <c>0..5</c>
        <c>Describes the set of directives that
          specify the class-specific results that
          have been included in the OVAL
          Results.</c>

        <c>signature</c>
        <c>ext:Signature</c>
        <c>0..1</c>
        <c>Mechanism to ensure the integrity and
          authenticity of the OVAL Directives
          content.</c>

      </texttable>

    </section>

    <section title="OVAL Directives Model Schema"
      anchor="oval-directives-model-schema">
      <t>The XML Schema that implements this OVAL
        Directives Model can be found below.</t>
      
      <!-- INSERT OVAL DIRECTIVES MODEL SCHEMA
        HERE -->
      <figure>
        <artwork>
        <![CDATA[
        <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<xsd:schema
     xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
     xmlns:oval="http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-common-5"
     xmlns:oval-res=
     "http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-results-5"
     xmlns:ds="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#"
     xmlns:sch="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron"
     xmlns:oval-dir=
     "http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-directives-5"
     targetNamespace=
     "http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-directives-5"
     elementFormDefault="qualified" version="5.11">
     <xsd:import namespace=
          "http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-common-5"
          schemaLocation="oval-common-schema.xsd"/>
     <xsd:import namespace=
          "http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-results-5"
          schemaLocation="oval-results-schema.xsd"/>
     <xsd:import
          namespace="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#"
          schemaLocation="xmldsig-core-schema.xsd"/>
     <xsd:annotation>
          <xsd:documentation>The following is a
               description of the elements, types,
               and attributes that compose the
               core schema for encoding Open
               Vulnerability and Assessment
               Language (OVAL) Directives. Each of
               the elements, types, and attributes
               that make up the Core Directives
               Schema are described in detail and
               should provide the information
               necessary to understand what each
               object represents. This document is
               intended for developers and assumes
               some familiarity with XML. A high
               level description of the
               interaction between these objects
               is not outlined
               here.</xsd:documentation>
          <xsd:appinfo>
               <schema>Core Directives</schema>
               <version>5.11.1</version>
               <date>4/22/2015 09:00:00 AM</date>
               <terms_of_use>Copyright (C) 2010 United States 
                 Government. All Rights Reserved.</terms_of_use>
               <sch:ns prefix="oval-dir" uri=
                "http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/
                oval-directives-5"
               />
          </xsd:appinfo>
     </xsd:annotation>
     <!-- ================================================== -->
     <!-- ================================================== -->
     <!-- ================================================== -->
     <xsd:element name="oval_directives">
          <xsd:annotation>
               <xsd:documentation>The
                    oval_directives element is the
                    root of an OVAL Directive
                    Document. Its purpose is to
                    bind together the generator
                    and the set of directives
                    contained in the document. The
                    generator section must be
                    present and provides
                    information about when the
                    directives document was
                    compiled and under what
                    version. The optional
                    Signature element allows an
                    XML Signature as defined by
                    the W3C to be attached to the
                    document. This allows
                    authentication and data
                    integrity to be provided to
                    the user. Enveloped signatures
                    are supported. More
                    information about the official
                    W3C Recommendation regarding
                    XML digital signatures can be
                    found at
                    http://www.w3.org/TR/xmldsig-core/.
               </xsd:documentation>
          </xsd:annotation>
          <xsd:complexType>
               <xsd:sequence>
                    <xsd:element name="generator"
                         type="oval:GeneratorType">
                         <xsd:annotation>
                         <xsd:documentation>The
                         required generator
                         section provides
                         information about when
                         the directives document
                         was compiled and under
                         what
                         version.</xsd:documentation>
                         </xsd:annotation>
                    </xsd:element>
                    <xsd:element name="directives"
                         type="oval-res:DefaultDirectivesType">
                         <xsd:annotation>
                         <xsd:documentation>The
                         required directives
                         section presents flags
                         describing what
                         information must be been
                         included in an oval
                         results document. This
                         element represents the
                         default set of
                         directives. These
                         directives apply to all
                         classes of definitions
                         for which there is not a
                         class specific set of
                         directives.</xsd:documentation>
                         </xsd:annotation>
                    </xsd:element>
                    <xsd:element
                         name="class_directives"
                         type="oval-res:ClassDirectivesType"
                         minOccurs="0"
                         maxOccurs="5">
                         <xsd:annotation>
                         <xsd:documentation>The
                         optional class_directives
                         section presents flags
                         describing what
                         information has been
                         included in the results
                         document for a specific
                         OVAL Definition class.
                         The directives for a
                         particlar class override
                         the default
                         directives.</xsd:documentation>
                         </xsd:annotation>
                    </xsd:element>
                    <xsd:element
                         ref="ds:Signature"
                         minOccurs="0"
                         maxOccurs="1">
                         <xsd:annotation>
                         <xsd:documentation>The
                         optional Signature
                         element allows an XML
                         Signature as defined by
                         the W3C to be attached to
                         the document. This allows
                         authentication and data
                         integrity to be provided
                         to the user. Enveloped
                         signatures are supported.
                         More information about
                         the official W3C
                         Recommendation regarding
                         XML digital signatures
                         can be found at
                         http://www.w3.org/TR/xmldsig-core/.
                         </xsd:documentation>
                         </xsd:annotation>
                    </xsd:element>
               </xsd:sequence>
          </xsd:complexType>
          <xsd:unique name="UniqueDirectiveClass">
               <xsd:annotation>
                    <xsd:documentation>The class
                         attribute on
                         class_directives must be
                         unique.</xsd:documentation>
               </xsd:annotation>
               <xsd:selector
                    xpath="oval-dir:class_directives"/>
               <xsd:field xpath="@class"/>
          </xsd:unique>
     </xsd:element>

     <!-- ================================================== -->
     <!-- ===================  GENERATOR  ================== -->
     <!-- ================================================== -->
     <!--
          The GeneratorType is defined by the 
          oval-common-schema. Please refer to that 
          documentation for a description of the complex type.
     -->
     <!-- ================================================== -->
     <!-- =================  DIRECTIVES  =================== -->
     <!-- ================================================== -->
     <!--
          The DefaultDirectivesType is defined by the 
          oval-results-schema.  Please refer to that 
          documentation for a description of the complex type.
     -->
     <!-- ================================================== -->
     <!-- ================  DIRECTIVES  ==================== -->
     <!-- ================================================== -->
     <!--
          The ClassDirectivesType is defined by the 
          oval-results-schema.  Please refer to that 
          documentation for a description of the complex type.
     -->
</xsd:schema>

        ]]>
        </artwork>
      </figure>
    </section>

    <section anchor="Intellectual-Property-Considerations"
      title="Intellectual Property Considerations">
      <t>Copyright (C) 2010 United States Government. All Rights 
        Reserved.</t>
      <t>DHS, on behalf of the United States, owns the registered 
        OVAL trademarks, identifying the OVAL STANDARDS SUITE and 
        any component part, as that suite has been provided to the 
        IETF Trust. A "(R)" will be used in conjunction with the 
        first use of any OVAL trademark in any document or 
        publication in recognition of DHS's trademark ownership.</t>
    </section>

    <section anchor="Acknowledgements"
      title="Acknowledgements">
      <t>The authors wish to thank DHS for sponsoring the OVAL 
        effort over the years which has made this work possible.           
        The authors also wish to thank the original authors of 
        this document Jonathan Baker, Matthew Hansbury, and 
        Daniel Haynes of the MITRE Corporation as well as the 
        OVAL Community for its assistance in contributing and 
        reviewing the original document. The authors would also 
        like to acknowledge Dave Waltermire of NIST for his 
        contribution to the development of the original document.</t>
    </section>

    <!-- Possibly a 'Contributors' section ... -->

    <section anchor="IANA"
      title="IANA Considerations">
      <t>This memo includes no request to
        IANA.</t>
    </section>

    <section anchor="Security"
      title="Security Considerations">
      <t>While OVAL is just a set of data models
        and does not directly introduce security
        concerns, it does provide a mechanism by
        which to represent endpoint posture
        assessment information. This information
        could be extremely valuable to an attacker
        allowing them to learn about very
        sensitive information including, but, not
        limited to: security policies, systems on
        the network, criticality of systems,
        software and hardware inventory, patch
        levels, user accounts and much more. To
        address this concern, all endpoint posture
        assessment information should be protected
        while in transit and at rest. Furthermore,
        it should only be shared with parties that
        are authorized to receive it.</t>
      
      <t>Another possible security concern is due
        to the fact that content expressed as OVAL
        has the ability to impact how a security
        tool operates. For example, content may
        instruct a tool to collect certain information
        off a system or may be
        used to drive follow-up actions like
        remediation. As a result, it is important
        for security tools to ensure that they are
        obtaining OVAL content from a trusted
        source, that it has not been modified in
        transit, and that proper validation is
        performed in order to ensure it does 
        not contain malicious data.</t>
    </section>
    <section anchor="ChangeLog" title="Change Log">
      <section title="-00 to -01">
        <t>There are no textual changes associated with this revision.
          This revision simply reflects a resubmission of the document
          so that it remains in active status.</t>
      </section>
    </section>
  </middle>

  <!--  *****BACK MATTER ***** -->

  <back>
    <!-- References split into informative and normative -->

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    <references title="Normative References">
      <!--?rfc include="http://xml.resource.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.2119.xml"?-->
      &RFC2119; </references>

    <references title="Informative References">
      <!-- Here we use entities that we defined at the beginning. -->
      <!-- A reference written by by an organization not a person. -->
      <reference anchor="OVAL-WEBSITE"
        target="http://ovalproject.github.io/">
        <front>
          <title>The Open Vulnerability and
            Assessment Language</title>
          <author>
            <organization>The MITRE
              Corporation</organization>
          </author>
          <date year="2015"/>
        </front>
      </reference>
    </references>


    <!-- Change Log

v00 2006-03-15  EBD   Initial version

v01 2006-04-03  EBD   Moved PI location back to position 1 -
                      v3.1 of XMLmind is better with them at this location.
v02 2007-03-07  AH    removed extraneous nested_list attribute,
                      other minor corrections
v03 2007-03-09  EBD   Added comments on null IANA sections and fixed heading capitalization.
                      Modified comments around figure to reflect non-implementation of
                      figure indent control.  Put in reference using anchor="DOMINATION".
                      Fixed up the date specification comments to reflect current truth.
v04 2007-03-09 AH     Major changes: shortened discussion of PIs,
                      added discussion of rfc include.
v05 2007-03-10 EBD    Added preamble to C program example to tell about ABNF and alternative 
                      images. Removed meta-characters from comments (causes
                      problems).
    2015-04-17 AR     updated ipr attribute.  -->
  </back>
</rfc>

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