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(This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the provisions of BCP\24078 and ) S
(BCP\24079.) S
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0.34375 0 32 0 0 (Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force \(IETF\). Note that other) A
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(at ) S
(http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.) S
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0.275781244 0 32 0 0 (Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced,) A
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(This Internet-Draft will expire on January 9, ) S
(2014.) S
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(Copyright \(c\) 2013 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights ) S
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(framework, and how to use ) S
(it.) S
0 -630.6 M
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(1.2.) S
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( ) S
(Applicability) S
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0.513671875 0 32 0 0 (SHOULD-\) obey rules, by referring it from another standard or non-standard document. In such case,) A
0 -66.2 M
(the rules defined in this document will have a normative property. ) S
0 -90.4 M
2.05385041 0 32 0 0 (Another way is to use them as "best current practices", when some specific HTTP authentication) A
0 -103.6 M
0.446707577 0 32 0 0 (scheme does not define any specific method of string preparations. In such case, any implementations) A
0 -116.8 M
0.8671875 0 32 0 0 (are not required to implement \(or not to implement\) the string preparation rule in this document, but) A
0 -130 M
(using it may sometimes improve interoperability between implementations. ) S
0 -154.2 M
0.953776062 0 32 0 0 (Any specific authentication scheme MAY define its own string preparation method, especially when) A
0 -167.4 M
3.27083325 0 32 0 0 (an underlying software layer supporting the authentication scheme \(such as SASL\) defines \(or) A
0 -180.6 M
0.875651062 0 32 0 0 (recommends\) its own string preparation method. In such cases, implementations SHOULD NOT use) A
0 -193.8 M
2.88899732 0 32 0 0 (the preparation rules described in this document, and these SHOULD obey the scheme-specific) A
0 -207 M
(requirement. ) S
0 -231.2 M
4.14423084 0 32 0 0 (It is not feasible to implement the string preparation within all HTTP implementations. For) A
0 -244.4 M
1.13972354 0 32 0 0 (interoperability of authentication process, only a small portion of involved softwares are required to) A
0 -257.6 M
1.4375 0 32 0 0 (actually implement the string preparation algorithms. To this purpose, general application notes are) A
0 -270.8 M
(provided in the latter part of this document. ) S
0 -281.8 M
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(1.3.) S
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( ) S
(Terminology) S
0 -321.6 M
11 0 Nf
1.89609373 0 32 0 0 (The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD",) A
0 -334.8 M
1.12304688 0 32 0 0 ("SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in) A
0 -348 M
(this document are to be interpreted as described in ) S
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(.) S
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(2.) S
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( ) S
(Rules) S
0 -402.2 M
11 0 Nf
(This section defines two PRECIS string preparation rules for user names and ) S
(passwords.) S
0 -426.4 M
0.896875 0 32 0 0 (Note: the RFC 2119 requirements keywords such as "MUST" within this section are effective as the) A
0 -439.6 M
0.501802862 0 32 0 0 (RFC keywords only when the application of these rules are either REQUIRED or RECOMMENDED) A
0 -452.8 M
(by any authentication scheme ) S
(definitions.) S
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13 2 Nf
(2.1.) S
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( User ) S
(Names) S
0 -485.9 M
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0 -485.9 M
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13 2 Nf
(2.1.1.) S
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( ) S
(Definition) S
0 -529.6 M
11 0 Nf
(User names are strings to identify the user in HTTP ) S
(authentication.) S
0 -551.4 M
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(   username       = 1*\(idpoint\)) S
0 -562.2 M
(                    ;) S
0 -573 M
(                    ; an "idpoint" is a UTF-8 encoded) S
0 -583.8 M
(                    ; Unicode code point that conforms to) S
0 -594.6 M
(                    ; the PRECIS "IdentifierClass") S
0 -605.4 M
(                    ;) S
0 -629.6 M
11 0 Nf
2.45563626 0 32 0 0 (Note that some authentication schemes like Basic MAY restrict several characters to be used in ) A
0 -642.8 M
(username.) S
0 -642.8 M
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1.92912948 0 32 0 0 (Note also that some authentication schemes like Digest modifies users' inputs to other forms like) A
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(quoted-string. This document specifies only string ) S
(preparation.) S
0 -37.4 M
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(2.1.2.) S
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( ) S
(Preparation) S
0 -77.2 M
11 0 Nf
0.636284709 0 32 0 0 (A user name MUST NOT be zero bytes in length. This rule is to be enforced after any normalization) A
0 -90.4 M
(and mapping of code ) S
(points.) S
0 -114.6 M
4.33723974 0 32 0 0 (Each username MUST conform to the definition of the PRECIS IdentifierClass provided in ) A
0 -127.8 M
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6.93164062 0 32 0 0 (, where the width mapping, additional mapping, case mapping,) A
0 -141 M
(normalization, and directionality rules are as described ) S
(below.) S
8.2 -165.2 M
(1.  ) S
(Fullwidth and halfwidth characters MUST be mapped to their decomposition equivalents. ) S
8.2 -179.4 M
(2.  ) S
10.7910156 0 32 0 0 (Additional mappings SHOULD NOT be applied, such as those defined in ) A
22 -192.6 M
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0.780468762 0 32 0 0 (, unless there are implementation-dependent reasons to do so, or these) A
22 -205.8 M
(are exceptionally required by specific authentication schemes. ) S
8.2 -220 M
(3.  ) S
(Case mapping is not applied. ) S
8.2 -234.2 M
(4.  ) S
(Unicode Normalization Form C \(NFC\) MUST be applied to all ) S
(characters.) S
0 -258.4 M
(With regard to directionality, the "Bidi Rule" provided in ) S
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( ) S
(applies.) S
0 -269.4 M
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(2.2.) S
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( ) S
(Passwords) S
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(2.2.1.) S
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( ) S
(Definition) S
0 -335.2 M
11 0 Nf
(Passwords are strings to authenticate the user in HTTP ) S
(authentication.) S
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9.0 4 Nf
(   password       = 1*\(freepoint\)) S
0 -367.8 M
(                    ;) S
0 -378.6 M
(                    ; a "freepoint" is a UTF-8 encoded) S
0 -389.4 M
(                    ; Unicode code point that conforms to) S
0 -400.2 M
(                    ; the PRECIS "FreeformClass") S
0 -411 M
(                    ;) S
0 -435.2 M
11 0 Nf
(Note that some authentication schemes MAY restrict several characters to be used in ) S
(passwords.) S
0 -446.2 M
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0 -446.2 M
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13 2 Nf
(2.2.2.) S
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( ) S
(Preparation) S
0 -486 M
11 0 Nf
0.870864 0 32 0 0 (A password MUST NOT be zero bytes in length. This rule is to be enforced after any normalization) A
0 -499.2 M
(and mapping of code ) S
(points.) S
0 -523.4 M
0.864583313 0 32 0 0 (A password MUST be treated as follows, where the operations specified MUST be completed in the) A
0 -536.6 M
(order ) S
(shown:) S
8.2 -560.8 M
(1.  ) S
(Width mapping is not applied. ) S
8.2 -575 M
(2.  ) S
(Map any instances of non-ASCII space to ASCII space \(U+0020\). ) S
8.2 -589.2 M
(3.  ) S
(Case mapping is not applied. ) S
8.2 -603.4 M
(4.  ) S
(Apply Unicode Normalization Form C \(NFC\) to all characters. ) S
8.2 -617.6 M
(5.  ) S
(Ensure that the resulting string conforms to the definition of the PRECIS ) S
(FreeformClass.) S
0 -628.6 M
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(With regard to directionality, the "Bidi Rule" \(defined in ) S
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(\) and similar rules do not ) S
(apply.) S
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(3.) S
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( Application ) S
(Notes) S
0 -67.4 M
11 0 Nf
2.06995749 0 32 0 0 (Implementation of the above rules are sometimes resource-consuming and not realistic, especially) A
0 -80.6 M
2.62639499 0 32 0 0 (when the implementation is not aware of any Unicode string and is handling the authentication) A
0 -93.8 M
0.377083331 0 32 0 0 (credentials as opaque byte strings. This section provides a general application notes for how to realize) A
0 -107 M
(the above string preparation in the real software. ) S
0 -131.2 M
(Note: the note for RFC keywords in the previous section does apply also for this ) S
(section.) S
0 -155.4 M
3.09765625 0 32 0 0 (The general principle for the application is: "to send the string correctly, by some means." In) A
0 -168.6 M
3.08353376 0 32 0 0 (particular, if there is "some" provision \(either manually or automatically\) to ensure the correct) A
0 -181.8 M
0.259191185 0 32 0 0 (encoding and preparation of string at the time of sending, it is considered enough. As a definitive rule,) A
0 -195 M
(the following provisions are to be taken: ) S
11 -215.6 M
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0.949819684 0 32 0 0 (Recipient side \(i.e. HTTP servers\) MAY omit any part of string preparation, including Unicode) A
22 -232.4 M
(normalization. It MAY process any received strings as is. ) S
11 -243 M
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22 -246.6 M
0.905649066 0 32 0 0 (Senders which forward already-prepared strings \(i.e. HTTP proxies etc.\) MAY omit any part of) A
22 -259.8 M
(string preparation. ) S
11 -270.4 M
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22 -274 M
0.662860572 0 32 0 0 (Interactive clients which receive human users' input, as form of "characters", have an obligation) A
22 -287.2 M
2.76032376 0 32 0 0 (to prepare the input string into a correct UTF-8 string with regards to the scheme-specific) A
22 -300.4 M
0.317307681 0 32 0 0 (preparation rules. When the authentication scheme specifies that the preparation is a MUST, they) A
22 -313.6 M
(MUST do it. ) S
11 -324.2 M
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22 -327.8 M
0.572395861 0 32 0 0 (Clients which receive credentials in a form of "list of octets" \(such as those within configuration) A
22 -341 M
0.0764508918 0 32 0 0 (files\) MAY require its users to prepare the string correctly within configuration phases, and MAY) A
22 -354.2 M
(omit any part of string preparation at ) S
(runtime.) S
0 -378.4 M
0.801240802 0 32 0 0 (As a reverse to these rules, any recipients MUST be prepared to receive any unprepared byte lists or) A
0 -391.6 M
0.695800781 0 32 0 0 (character lists as inputs. Such recipients MAY prepare the string by its own, MAY reject such inputs) A
0 -404.8 M
1.44866073 0 32 0 0 (explicitly, or MAY process these inputs silently when it will lead to failed authentication attempts.) A
0 -418 M
3.78320312 0 32 0 0 (However, Such recipients MUST NOT process such inputs in any way which leads to false) A
0 -431.2 M
(authentication successes \(modulo cryptographically negligible level of probabilities\). ) S
0 -442.2 M
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0 -442.2 M
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15 2 Nf
(4.) S
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( Design ) S
(principles) S
0 -485.4 M
11 0 Nf
(Note: the content of this section is not ) S
(normative.) S
0 -509.6 M
1.90286458 0 32 0 0 (The design of the rules provided in previous sections are made under the following concerns and ) A
0 -522.8 M
(observations.) S
11 -543.4 M
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22 -547 M
(ASCII transparency: ) S
22 -560.2 M
0.703450501 0 32 0 0 (Every code-point within U+0020 to U+007E MUST be preserved, distinguished, and mapped to) A
22 -573.4 M
0.850260437 0 32 0 0 (its one-byte equivalent respectively. This is a strong requirement for compatibility with existing) A
22 -586.6 M
(HTTP authentication. ) S
11 -597.2 M
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22 -600.8 M
(Latin-1 preservation: ) S
22 -614 M
0.829427063 0 32 0 0 (Code-points U+00A1 to U+00FE SHOULD be preserved and distinguished in the output string.) A
22 -627.2 M
0.733664751 0 32 0 0 (This enables non-crashing mapping from existing ISO-8859-1 user databases, and, if applicable,) A
22 -640.4 M
(enables backward-compatible server-side implementation for Basic plain-text authentication. ) S
11 -651 M
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(Case \(non-\)mapping: ) S
22 -667.8 M
0.923394084 0 32 0 0 (As a subset of the above two rules, no case mapping shall be applied \(as a basic rule\). Without) A
22 -667.8 M
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11 0 Nf
0.969587 0 32 0 0 (this, some existing user database will become non-useful, especially when it has already used a) A
22 -26.4 M
11 0 Nf
2.30403638 0 32 0 0 (non-mapped credentials, and its entries are hashed or one-way encrypted. The opposite case) A
22 -26.4 M
0.974868417 0.974868417 scale

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(\(case-mapped existing databases\) can be at least worked around by users, server implementations, or) S
1.02577949 1.02577949 scale

22 -52.5 M
(both. ) S
22 -65.7 M
2.28027344 0 32 0 0 (Of course, some authentication schemes designed for specific use-cases can always define a) A
22 -78.9 M
(case-folded mappings whenever needed. ) S
11 -89.4 M
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(Strong normalizations: ) S
22 -106.3 M
2.66171885 0 32 0 0 (All representations \(decomposed and composed\) of every single "character" within Unicode) A
22 -119.5 M
0.09375 0 32 0 0 (MUST be normalized to exactly one UTF-8 byte sequence. Without this, virtually all "non-Basic") A
22 -132.7 M
0.207741484 0 32 0 0 (authentication may become broken with regard to internationalized username and passwords \(e.g.) A
22 -145.9 M
(Digest\). ) S
0 -156.9 M
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%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
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(5.) S
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( Security ) S
(Considerations) S
0 -200.1 M
11 0 Nf
3.39242792 0 32 0 0 (As mentioned previously, any recipients MUST NOT assume that senders will always send a) A
0 -213.3 M
0.438100964 0 32 0 0 (correctly-prepared strings. Care must be taken that incorrectly-prepared strings MUST lead to either a) A
0 -226.5 M
(correct result or an authentication failure. ) S
0 -237.5 M
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(6.) S
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( IANA ) S
(Considerations) S
0 -280.7 M
11 0 Nf
([[TBD: more precise IANA Considerations ) S
(here.]]) S
0 -304.9 M
(The IANA shall add the following two entries to the PRECIS Usage ) S
(Registry:) S
0 -318.1 M
(----) S
0 -331.3 M
(Applicability: User Names in HTTP ) S
(Authentication.) S
0 -344.5 M
(Base Class: ) S
(IdentifierClass.) S
0 -357.7 M
(Subclass: ) S
(No.) S
0 -370.9 M
(Replaces: ) S
(No.) S
0 -384.1 M
(Width Mapping: Map fullwidth and halfwidth characters to their decomposition ) S
(equivalents.) S
0 -397.3 M
(Additional Mappings: ) S
(None.) S
0 -410.5 M
(Case Mapping: ) S
(None.) S
0 -423.7 M
(Normalization: ) S
(NFC.) S
0 -436.9 M
(Directionality: The "Bidi Rule" defined in RFC 5893 ) S
(applies.) S
0 -450.1 M
0.617708325 0 32 0 0 (Specification: RFC XXXX. [Note to RFC Editor: please change XXXX to the number issued for this ) A
0 -463.3 M
(specification.]) S
0 -476.5 M
(----) S
0 -489.7 M
(----) S
0 -502.9 M
(Applicability: Passwords of HTTP ) S
(Authentication.) S
0 -516.1 M
(Base Class: ) S
(FreeformClass) S
0 -529.3 M
(Subclass: ) S
(No.) S
0 -542.5 M
(Replaces: ) S
(No.) S
0 -555.7 M
(Width Mapping: ) S
(None.) S
0 -568.9 M
(Additional Mappings: Map non-ASCII space to ASCII space ) S
(\(U+0020\).) S
0 -582.1 M
(Case Mapping: ) S
(None.) S
0 -595.3 M
(Normalization: ) S
(NFC.) S
0 -608.5 M
(Directionality: The "Bidi Rule" defined in RFC 5893 does not ) S
(apply.) S
0 -621.7 M
0.617708325 0 32 0 0 (Specification: RFC XXXX. [Note to RFC Editor: please change XXXX to the number issued for this ) A
0 -634.9 M
(specification.]) S
0 -648.1 M
(---- ) S
0 -648.1 M
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(7.) S
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( ) S
(References) S
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(7.1.) S
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