One document matched: draft-nomadv6-mobileip-filters-02.txt
Differences from draft-nomadv6-mobileip-filters-01.txt
MIP6 Working Group K. Kuladinithi
INTERNET DRAFT N. A. Fikouras
Expires: November 2004 C. Goerg
ComNets-ikom,
Uni. Bremen
May 2004
Filters for Mobile IPv6 Bindings (NOMADv6)
draft-nomadv6-mobileip-filters-02.txt
Status of this Memo
This document is an Internet-Draft and is in full conformance
with all provisions of Section 10 of RFC2026.
Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
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The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at
http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt
The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at
http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html.
Abstract
Filters for Mobile IPv6 Bindings (NOMADv6) introduces a set of
extensions for MIPv6 protocol that allows the intelligent use of
multiple points of attachment simultaneously, on a mobile node. It
specifies a set of rules (filters) that are transmitted to binding
agents, who in turn use this information to determine whether and
where to route flows associated with the mobile node. In this manner,
it is possible for a mobile node to distribute flows or packets of a
flow among its available points of attachment or to request that such
flow is dropped before traversing the Internet fabric, with or
without notification to their source. These extensions mirror a
similar extension defined for Mobile IPv4 (NOMADv4) but has been
extended to cater to the behavior of IPv6.
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Table of Contents
1.Introduction 3
2 Terminology 4
3.Comparison with Filters for Mobile IPv4 (NOMADv4 vs NOMADv6)
5
4 NOMADv6 Protocol Overview 6
4.1 Protocol Description 6
4.1.1 Multiple network interface support and N bit 6
4.1.2 Sending Filtering Rules 7
4.1.3 Processing at the Filtering Agent 8
4.1.4 Lifetime of the filter 8
4.1.6 Filters that split flows between different home addresses.
8
4.1.7 De-registration when a single PoA is at the home network
9
4.2 Model of Operation 9
5 Backword compatibility with basic Mobile IPv6 11
6 Associating Filters with Bindings 11
6.1 Mobile Node Considerations 11
6.1.1 Creating a new mobility binding with Filters 12
6.1.2 Replacing a Filter of a mobility binding by Index 12
6.1.3 Adding new Filters to an existing mobility binding 12
6.1.4 Sharing a Filter between mobility binding 12
6.1.5 Renewing a mobility binding with Filters 12
6.1.6 Deleting a defined Filter/s for a mobility binding 13
6.1.7 Deleting all Filters for a mobility binding 13
6.1.8 Transferring a Filter between mobility bindings 13
6.2 Filtering Agent Considerations 13
7 NOMADv6 Extensions to MIPv6 Binding Messages 14
7.1 Filter Module Extensions 15
7.1.1 Traffic Class Filter Extension. 15
7.1.2 Flow Label Filter Extension 15
7.1.3 Protocol Extension 16
7.1.4 Source Address Extension 17
7.1.5 Source Network Extension 17
7.1.6 Source Port Extension 18
7.1.7 Source Port Range Extension 18
7.1.8 Destination Port Extension 19
7.1.9 Destination Port Range Extension 20
7.1.10 Free-Form Extension 20
7.2 Filter Control Extension 21
7.3 Filter Deletion Extension 22
7.4 Filter Acknowledgement Extension 22
8. Security considerations 23
References 23
Authors' Addresses 24
Intellectual Property Statement 25
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1.Introduction
This document extends Mobile IPv6 protocol, introducing a set of
rules (called filters) that are transmitted with the binding update
by the mobile node. When receiving the binding update with filters,
the binding agent (Mobile IPv6 entities that can maintain bindings,
HA, CN, MAP) route flows associated with the mobile node, based on
these rules. This draft enables a mobile node to use its active
points of attachment simultaneously and efficiently.
In a filter enabled environment, a mobile node MAY include in its
binding update, a list of filters as mobility options. Flows that
match the conditions listed in the filters are associated with the
care-of-addresses as specified in the binding update. In this manner,
binding agent becomes aware of the relationship between certain flows
and specific bindings. The binding agent, which maintain these
relationships and acts on them, is called a filtering agent. Flows
intercepted by, or originating from a Filtering Agent (HA, CN, MAP)
will be filtered and individual flows will be handled as indicated by
the control information of the Filter. In the most typical scenario,
individual flows will be redirected to the care-of address indicated
by the respective binding. This enables mobile nodes to distribute
flows or to distribute packets of a single flow, among their
available points of attachment. Alternatively, the mobile node may
request when registering bindings and filters that it does not wish
to receive certain flows (it wishes to have them dropped, with or
without notification to source).
Mobile IPv6 draft [3] does not consider catering for multiple points
of attachment with single home address as in Mobile IPv4 [6]. This is
not considered mainly due to the duplication of each packet to the
available active points of attachment when the mobile node has a
single home address, as specified in [6]. The advantage of using
single home address compared to multiple homing is that the mobile
node is addressable by one single address and thereby, is able to
maintain continuity of communication, when moving flows to any active
point of attachment.
This draft introduces the mechanism of avoiding IP packet duplication
and enabling the mobile node to select its point of attachment
intelligently, while using a single home address for multiple active
points of attachment and also the redirection of flows among multiple
home addresses. The benefits and goals of using multiple interfaces
simultaneously are explained in [9] and [10], with real life
scenarios.
This draft introduces the `N³ bit to the binding update mobility
header. This bit, when set, informs the filtering agent to hold
multiple simultaneous binding for the given home address of the
mobile node and then manipulate the IP traffic based on the filtering
rules sent as mobility options.
The operation of filtering for Mobile IPv6 is intended to mirror the
operation of filtering for Mobile IPv4 [2], with changes necessary to
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provide a similar behavior. The considerations presented in this
document are collectively referred to as the NOMADv6 Extensions.
2 Terminology
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in RFC-2119 [1].
This document uses the following terms:
Destination Option
As defined in [3]
Domain A collection of networks sharing a common network
administration.
Home link
As defined in [3].
Foreign link
As defined in [3].
Home Agent (HA)
As defined in [3].
Correspondent Node (CN)
As defined in [3].
Mobile Node (MN)
As defined in [3].
Mobility Anchor Point (MAP)
As defined in [4].
Care-Of-Address
As defined in [3].
Mobility Binding
As defined in [2].
Binding Agent (BA)
Any Mobile IP entity (HA,CN,MAP) that can maintain
mobility bindings.
Binding Update
Mobile IP signaling with the purpose of establishing or
updating a mobility binding.
Binding Acknowledgement
A Binding Acknowledgement is used to acknowledge receipt of
a Binding Update, if an acknowledgement was requested in the
Binding Update, the binding update was sent to a home agent,
or an error occurred.
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Filtering Agent (FLA)
Any binding agent that can maintain filters for mobility
bindings in its binding cache, such as the HA, CN or MAP.
Filter Module (FLM)
A single filtering criteria that specifies the condition
to check for filtering data.
Filter (FL)
A collection of filter modules. Each filter module is
interpreted as having an AND relationship with the other
filter modules inside the filter. The relationship between
filters of a mobile node, is OR.
Filtering Update (FLU)
Mobile IPv6 signaling (binding update) with the purpose of
establishing a new mobility binding that contains one or
more Filter extensions as mobility options. Each Filtering
Update should include the N bit ON on the binding update
mobility header.
Filtering Acknowledgement (FLAC)
Mobile IPv6 signaling (binding acknowledgment) for
returning the result of a Filtering Update.
Default Filter (DF)
A special Filter applicable for all flows not matching any
other Filter. Is either defined by mobile node or
automatically allocated from Filtering Agents to the
lowest defined Index of 0.
Idle Mobility Binding (IMB)
A mobility binding without Filters.
3.Comparison with Filters for Mobile IPv4 (NOMADv4 vs NOMADv6)
a. In MIPv6, there are no dedicated FAs, GFAs, or RFAs. The roles of
these entities have been taken over by the particular routers, which
are located along the path which a packet traverses from the HA to
the MN or CN to MN. These special routers are called MAPs. Therefore,
in an MIPv6 environment, MN destined packet filtering SHOULD be done
by an HA, CN or an MAP.
b. Mobile IPv6 route optimization can be deployed on a global scale
between all mobile nodes and correspondent nodes. Therefore, CN can
act also as a filtering agent, similar to an HA. A Filtering
extension of routing optimization of simultaneous bindings is not
required in MIPv6 as the mobile node sends binding to CN similar to
the normal binding to HA. All the other filtering rules defined in
NOMADv4[2] are applicable here, with changes required for IPv6.
d. Multiple simultaneous bindings are not specified in the MIPv6
protocol, as in the MIPv4 protocol [6]. The S bit in MIPv4
registration request informs the binding agent to keep existing
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bindings for the same home address, when updating the binding list
with the new care-of-address. The filtering concept described in this
draft MUST require that all binding agents are able to cater for
simultaneous bindings. The new flag called ôNö is introduced to the
binding update mobility header to hold simultaneous bindings in
NOMADv6.
e. Sub types of the Filter extensions are defined on the first byte
of the Data field in NOMADv6. NOMADv4 uses standard short and long
TLV format as defined in [6] for including sub types.
4 NOMADv6 Protocol Overview
This section provides an overview of how filters for MIPv6 bindings
can be realized.
4.1 Protocol Description
4.1.1 Multiple network interface support and N bit
Filters for Mobile IPv6 is applicable only in the context of the
mobile node having multiple points of attachment to the Internet.
These attachments MAY have one single home agent or multiple home
agents or a combination between these two. In the first case, each
network interface of the mobile node, will have the same home address
or MAY have multiple home addresses with the same home agent. In
latter cases, each interface will have it³s own home address or
again, a combination of single home address and multiple home
addresses.
The `N³ bit, which has been introduced in this draft, provides the
major task of informing the binding agent about the actions to be
taken for the filters attached in an incoming binding update. The
secondary task of the `N³ bit is to inform the binding agent to hold
multiple bindings for the same home address. In the latter case, the
binding agent MUST keep a new entry without deleting the existing
entries for the mobile node³s home address specified in the home
address destination option.
The format of the Message Data field in the binding update mobility
header is as follows [3]:
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|Sequence # |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|A|H|K||L|N| Reserved | Lifetime |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
N When set, the binding agent MUST act based on the functions
described in this draft (4.1.3) and to add this entry to the
binding cache without deleting any existing entries for the
mobile node³s home address which is specified in the home
address destination option.
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4.1.2 Sending Filtering Rules
Mobile nodes that wish to associate Filters with an acquired care-of
address are required to issue a binding update including a list of
Filters that indicate which flows are associated with the registered
care-of-address. Such signaling is termed as Filtering Updates. A
Filter is consisted of one or more Filter Modules and is terminated
by a Filter Control Extension. A Filter Module may contain several
predicates. There is an OR relationship between predicates of a
Filter Module. Moreover, there is an AND relationship between Filter
Modules of the same Filter. Consequently, in order for a flow to
match a Filter, it is required to qualify for all of the Filter
Modules contained in the Filter.
With the help of the Filter Control Extension, the Filter³s purpose
can be defined. It contains the Filter³s Index, and a Weight field.
The Index identifies uniquely, a Filter for a given mobile node while
the Weight field indicates the relative amount of traffic for which
the filter is applicable. If the Weight field is set to zero, then
all matching flows will be dropped without notification to their
source.
A mobile node may define more than one Filter for a specific mobility
binding. The declaration of these Filters may take place during one
or more Filtering Updates. In the case of shared Filters, packets of
matching flows will get distributed between multiple points of
attachment with respect to the Weight value of each filter. A mobile
node may share a Filter between mobility bindings by issuing a
Filtering Request from each respective point of attachment. The first
one will contain the full Filter (Filter Body + Filter Control
Extension) while all subsequent Filtering Requests will contain only
a Filter Control Extension indicating the Index number of the Filter
to be shared.
Flows that fail to match any of the defined Filters are handled as
defined by the Filter with the lowest possible Index of zero, termed
as Default Filter. A mobile node may define some of the attributes
of the Default Filter such as the associated mobility binding and
its Weight field by issuing a Filtering Request. Otherwise, these
will be configured by each Filtering Agent (4.1.3).
When a mobile node needs to delete filters, it sends the Filtering
Update only with the Filter Control Extension. The index of the
filter to be deleted should be send in the index field. If a mobile
node wishes to delete all filters, index should be set to 255.
All the filtering rules which have to be set in the mobility options
of a binding update will be described in the section 7.1. The rules
by which a mobile node decides on the set of Filters are considered
beyond the scope of this document. The extensions presented in this
document do not affect in any way the mobile node³s choice on the
point of attachment to be used when returning traffic.
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4.1.3 Processing at the Filtering Agent
Filtering Updates will be processed by one or more Filtering Agents.
A Filtering Agent can be any Mobile IPv6 entity that can maintain
mobility bindings with Filters, like a HA, CN or MAP.
Flows that fail to match any of the defined Filters are handled as
defined by the Default Filter. If a mobile node fails to promptly
define a Default Filter or if the associated mobility binding expires
then a new one will automatically be configured by each involved
Filtering Agent to the lowest possible Index of 0.
Different Filtering Agents may apply different Default Filter
definitions, however it is recommended that the Default Filter be
associated with the mobility binding with the longest outstanding
lifetime with the Weight field set to 1.
A mobile node may issue Filters corresponding to flows that do not
yet exist. When such a flow is initiated it will be handled by the
Filtering Agents as indicated by the respective Filter.
A Filtering Acknowledgement contains one or more Filter
Acknowledgment Extensions indicating the Index of a Filter along with
a Code signifying the result of the respective Filtering Update. The
Code is used to relay success or the reason of rejection to the
mobile node.
If a mobile node sends a binding update without setting a N bit, a
Filtering agent should act as per [3] to ignore the behavior
presented in this document. A mobility binding in that state is
termed as an Idle Mobility Binding.
4.1.4 Lifetime of the filter
A Filter remains valid for the lifetime of the corresponding mobility
binding. If the lifetime of a binding expires or it is cancelled by
the registration of another mobility binding then all associated
Filters are deleted from the binding cache.
When renewing mobility binding, a mobile node is not required to
include any reference to any requested Filters. A mobile node SHOULD
set the N bit on in its Binding Update and then the Filtering Agent
SHOULD refresh the lifetime of the binding and all filters, related
to the home address sent on the Destination option of the Binding
Update.
4.1.6 Filters that split flows between different home addresses.
A MN with more than one point of attachment, MAY have different home
addresses (multi-homed mobile node) for each of those points of
attachment. These addresses MAY be registered with different HAs or
with the same HA. In this situation, if MN wishes to split its flows
coming to one point of attachment (A) to another (B), MN MUST send a
Filtering Update via A, including an alternate CoA mobility option
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with the CoA of the point of attachment B. The HA of the point of
attachment A, upon receival of this binding update, MUST tunnel the
matching flows to the CoA of the point of attachment B. If the
filtering agent is a CN instead of a HA, then packets will be
delivered to the CoA of the point of attachment B using a Type 2
Routing Header as stated in [3]. (Refer Fig. 1)
4.1.7 De-registration when a single PoA is at the home network
When a mobile node is connected to its home network by one of its
points of attachment, the mobile node MUST de-register all the other
bindings that belong to the same home IP address. In this way, mobile
node SHOULD delete all filters that utilized the above bindings
(being deleted and filters of point of attachment at home now), and
revert to operations as defined in [3].
4.2 Model of Operation
Filters for Mobile IPv6 Bindings has two modes of operation that can
be seamlessly combined but for the sake of simplicity are covered in
this section separately. The first model of operation concerns the
management of whole flows while the second model addresses the
distribution of the individual packets of flows between points of
attachment.
The distribution of multiple flows is illustrated in figure 1. It
shows a mobile node that maintains multiple access interfaces
simultaneously. Each interface provides a point of attachment through
a foreign network (FN-A, FN-B and FN-C). The extensions presented do
not provide any restriction as to how many points of attachment a
mobile node may maintain or how many home agents it can be attached
to. For example, the mobile node in figure 1 has two separate points
of attachment through FN-A and FN-B, communicating with CN-1 and CN-2
via HA-1. In addition, the mobile node maintains another point of
attachment through FN-C, corresponding with CN3 via HA2. MN uses one
home address (HoA-1) for two interfaces, while the other interface is
connected to the HA2 via HoA-2.
In figure 1, the mobile node maintains five communication sessions
with correspondent nodes of CN1, CN2 and CN3. Flows associated with
CN1 are denoted by 'a' and CN2 are denoted by 'b' & 'c' while the
respective flows for CN3 are denoted by 'd' and 'e'.
When MN requires to transfer flows `a³ & `b³ (Filter1) to the
interface connected to the FN-A, while receiving all the other flows
(Default filter) over FN-B, MN sends a new binding as defined in
4.1.2 with N bit set.
When MN requires transferring flow `d³ to the interface connected to
FN-B, MN sends a binding update with HoA-2 and CoA-C, together with
CoA-B in the Alternate care-of-address mobility option and with the
required filtering extensions (refer 4.1.6). This causes the addition
of a new binding entry (HOA-2:CoA-B:Filter1) at HA2. This will not
result in any deletion of existing binding entries (HoA-2:CoA-C will
remain). HA2, will now intercept all flows (d & e), but will tunnel
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flow `d³ through FN-B, while flow `e³ or any other flows continues
through FN-C.
+-------+ +-------+ +-------+
| CN1 | | CN2 | | CN3 |
+-------+ +-------+ +-------+
|a b| |d
|a c b c b c b c b c| |e
|a b ----------------- |d
|a c| |e
+--------+ |d
| HA1 |HoA-1:CoA-A:Filter1(a,b) |e
| |HoA-1:CoA-B:Default(c) |d
+--------+ |e
|b c| |d
|a c| +--------+
|b c| HoA-2:CoA-B:Filter1(d)| HA2 |
|a c| HoA-2:CoA-C:Default(e)| |
|b c| +--------+
|a c| +-------------+ |d e|
|b c| | | |d e|
|a c ------------| FN-B |----------------------- d e|
|b c c c c c c c| | d d d d d d d d d d d d e|
|a +-------------+ e|
|b c| e|
|a d| e|
|b c| e|
|a d|HoA-1 e|
+------------+ +--------+ +------------+
| |a b a b a | MN | e e e e e e e e e e| |
| FN-A |----------| |--------------------| FN-C |
| | HoA-1+--------+HoA-2 | |
+------------+ +------------+
Figure 1: A mobile node with three points of attachment in
different foreign networks (CoA-A, CoA-B & CoA-C) with 2 home
addresses (HoA-1 & HoA-2). Incoming flows are redirected by the
respective filtering agents (HA1, HA2) to different care-of-
addresses, based on the filtering rules.
In the example presented in figure 1, the HA1 & HA2 act as the
filtering agents. But, any Mobile IPv6 binding agent (HA, MAP, CN)
can act as filtering agents. To return traffic, a mobile node may
choose any of the available points of attachment.
Figure 2, illustrates the second model of operation. It shows the
mobile node that maintains two points of attachment in visited domain
A and B, while maintaining one active flow from CN1, denoted with
æaÆ. In this example, MN maintains two bindings with the CN1 for
visiting domain A and B. NOMADv6 extensions are applied to share a
Filter (Flow æaÆ) over point of attachment A and B.
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+-------------------------+
| Public |
| Network |
+---------------------+ | |
| Visited Domain A | | |
| | | |
a a a |a a a a a a a a a| a a a a a a a a |
------------------------------------------------------- a |
a| | | | | |
| +---------------------+ | |a |
+------+ | |aaaaaa+------+
| MN | +---------------------+ | ------| CN1 |
+------+ | | | | | +------+
|a | a a a | a a | |
--------------------------------------------------------- |
| | | |
| Visited Domain B | | |
+---------------------+ +-------------------------+
Figure 2: A mobile node with multiple points of attachment in
different visited domains. A single incoming flow is
distributed by the respective Filtering Agents (HA,CN or
MAP) to a different care-of address.
5 Backword compatibility with basic Mobile IPv6
If the binding update does not have the N flag set, the processing of
the BU is same as [3]. But if the binding agent has already
registered multiple care-of addresses for the same home address, the
binding agent MUST overwrite all the bindings for the home address
specified in the destination option. Binding updates without N flag
set are considered as idle mobility bindings. In order to preserve
backward compatibility with the basic protocol [3], it is stated in
(section 4.1.3) that a Filtering Agent maintaining only idle Mobility
Bindings for a mobile is required to act as per [3] and to ignore the
behavior presented in this document.
6 Associating Filters with Bindings
This section gives a detailed description of the steps taken by a
mobile node that wishes to associate filters with its bindings.
Furthermore, it presents how a filtering agent reacts to the receipt
of a binding update containing a list of filters.
6.1 Mobile Node Considerations
A mobile node that acquires a care-of address within a visited domain
may issue a Filtering Update containing a list of Filters. All
included Filters will be associated with the registered care-of
address at all Filtering Agents (HA,CN,MAP). A mobile node that
maintains multiple points of attachment may request for simultaneous
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mobility bindings by setting the 'N' bit on in its Filtering Updates.
However, each of the Filtering Updates must contain its own list of
filters. Should the Filtering Update be rejected then the mobile node
will receive a Filtering Acknowledgement with a Filter
Acknowledgement Extension indicating the Index of the Filter that was
rejected along with the reason for rejection.
It is important for a mobile node to keep a record of the Filters
and their corresponding Index numbers per home address.
For the management of Filters eight scenarios are identified. These
are presented along with the actions to be undertaken by the mobile
node.
6.1.1 Creating a new mobility binding with Filters
In order to create a new mobility binding with associated Filters,
the mobile node MUST issue a Filtering Update including one or more
full Filter definitions (one or more Filter modules with Filter
Control Extension) as mobility options, attached to the binding
update mobility header. Each of the Filters MUST be allocated a
different Index number.
The destination of the Filtering Update is identified as described
in [3].
6.1.2 Replacing a Filter of a mobility binding by Index
In order for a mobile node to replace an existing Filter, it is
required to issue a Filtering Update with a full definition of the
new Filter. The Filter Control Extension of the Filter must indicate
the Index of the Filter to be replaced. The Weight value of the new
Filter MAY be different from the Weight of the previous Filter
definition.
6.1.3 Adding new Filters to an existing mobility binding
In order for a mobile node to add new Filters to an existing mobility
binding, it is required to act as if creating a new mobility binding
with Filters. It is necessary for the new Filter to adopt an
unallocated Index number otherwise it would be replacing an existing
Filter with that Index.
6.1.4 Sharing a Filter between mobility binding
A mobile node may share a Filter between mobility bindings by
issuing a Filtering Request from each respective point of
attachment. The first one will contain the full Filter (Filter Body
+ Filter Control Extension) while all subsequent Filtering Requests
will contain only a Filter Control Extension indicating the Index
number of the Filter to be shared.
6.1.5 Renewing a mobility binding with Filters
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Periodically, a mobile node is required to renew its mobility
bindings in order to extend their lifetime. Renewing a mobility
binding may occur as described in [3]. The mobile node sets N bit on,
when sending a binding update in order to renew all filters allocated
for the home address defined in the destination option.
6.1.6 Deleting a defined Filter/s for a mobility binding
In order for a mobile node to delete an existing Filter for a
mobility binding, it is required to issue a Filtering Request from
any care-of address. The Filtering Request must include a Filter
Deletion Extensions indicating the Index of each Filter to be
deleted.
6.1.7 Deleting all Filters for a mobility binding
In order for a mobile node to delete all existing Filters for a
mobility binding, it is required to issue a Filtering Request from
any care-of address. The Filtering Request must include a Filter
Deletion Extensions with the Index field set to zero.
6.1.8 Transferring a Filter between mobility bindings
It is required to act as if creating a new mobility binding with
Filters and send out a Filtering Update from the point of attachment
to which it wants to transfer the Filter to the other. The Filtering
Update must attach the Alternate Care-of-Address mobility option and
must contain the full Filter. Alternate care-of-address option
contains the care-of-address of the point of attachment, which the
filter should be transferred. In this way, the transferring of
filters are possible irrespective of the same or different home
addresses used for each of attachment.
The Weight field of the Filter Control Extension indicates the
relative amount of traffic for which a Filter is applicable. If the
Weight field is set to zero then all matching flows will be dropped
without notification to their source. For any other value of Weight,
matching flows will get forwarded to the point of attachment
indicated by the corresponding mobility binding. In the case of
shared Filters, packets of matching flows will get distributed
between multiple points of attachment with respect to the Weight
value of each Filter.
6.2 Filtering Agent Considerations
This section contains considerations for Filtering Agents. These are
Mobile IPv6 entities that can maintain mobility bindings such as HAs,
CNs or MAPs when hierarchical Mobile IPv6 is supported.
Should the Filtering Agent fail to apply any of the Filters then for
each such Filter a Filter Acknowledgement Extension must be included
in the Filtering Acknowledgement indicating the Index of the rejected
Filter along with the reason of rejection. If authentication of the
Filtering Update fails, then none of the Filters MUST be applied.
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Should the Filtering Agent succeed in applying the Filters, then the
Filtering Acknowledgement indicating the index of the success MUST be
sent, only if `A³ bit is set on the Binding Update.
When a Filtering Agent intercepts a packet for a mobile node for
which it maintains a mobility binding, it is required to identify
whether the packet matches any of the Filters associated with the
mobility binding. If so, the packet is handled as described by the
Weight value of the corresponding Filter. If no matching Filter is
found then the packet is handled as indicated by the Default Filter.
When a mobility binding expires or is deregistered by a mobile node
then all associated Filters are deleted with it. Whenever a Filtering
Agent received a Filtering Update without setting the N bit (i.e.
Binding Update), it is required to overwrite all the bindings set for
the home address and keep the binding for the new care-of-address,
sent. This binding is called the Idle Mobility Binding and it is
required to ignore the behavior described in this document and to act
as per [3].
7 NOMADv6 Extensions to MIPv6 Binding Messages
In this section, the new Mobile IPv6 extensions required to support
the Filters for Mobile IPv6 bindings are specified.
All filtering extensions are sent as mobility options of the binding
update or binding acknowledgment mobility header as defined in [3].
The filtering extensions are encoded using a type-length-value (TLV)
format in the mobility options.
A complete mobility header, once filter extensions are attached
SHOULD be an integer multiple of 8 octets long.
Filter extensions can be categorized into 4 types,
o Filter Module Extensions
o Filter Control Extension
o Filter Deletion Extension
o Filter Acknowledgement Extension
The Filter Module Extensions specify the different filtering rules
that the mobile node wishes to inform the Filtering Agent. There are
10 such filter extensions. These extensions are always attached to
the Binding Update mobility header as mobility option/s. To form a
valid Filter, at least one of the filter module extensions must be
included. The Filter Control Extension must appear once in every
Filter following all Filter Modules. Filter control extension may
appear more than once in a binding update interleaving with Filter
declarations.
Filter Modules of the same type may not appear in a Filter more than
once. A Filter Module may include one or more predicates. There is an
OR relationship between Filter Module predicates. That is, in order
for a flow to match a Filter Module, it is required to qualify for
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any of the predicates in it. In addition, there is an AND
relationship between Filter Modules of a Filter. As such, in order
for a flow to match a Filter, it is required to qualify for all its
Filter Modules.
In Filter Modules, the first byte of the data is allocated to define
the types of the Filter Modules. The left most bit of the Sub-Type
field is used to determine whether the rules included in the Filter
Module are positive or negative. In the first case, a flow is
required to match exactly the predicates included in the Filter
Module while in the second the inverted (NOT) rule is applied.
The Filter Deletion extension is an extension sent to the Filtering
Agent by the mobile node to deleted filter/s. This extension is
attached to Binding Update mobility header. The Filter
Acknowledgement extension is an extension sent to the mobile node by
the Filtering Agent to inform of success or any failure of filter
accommodation. This extension is attached to Binding Acknowledgement
mobility header.
7.1 Filter Module Extensions
7.1.1 Traffic Class Filter Extension.
Specifies the extension required to filter IPv6 packets, based on the
value placed on the Traffic Class field of a packet. This has an
alignment requirement of 2n. The format is as follows.
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|Option Type | Option Len |I| Sub-Type |Traffic Class |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Option Type The type which describes a collection of NOMADv6
extensions (To be defined)
Option Length N+1, where N is the number of Traffic Class
entries.
I Invert. A left most bit of the Sub-Type field is
used to invert each predicate of the Filter
Module. Due to this bit, two different Sub-Type
values are given.
Sub-Type 0 for given Module, 128 for inverted Module
Traffic Class Values, related to different classes or
priorities of IPv6 packets.[7]
7.1.2 Flow Label Filter Extension
Specifies the extension required to filter IPv6 packets based on the
value placed on the Flow Label field of a IPv6 packet. This has an
alignment requirement of 4n+1. The format is as follows.
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0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| | Option Type| Option Len |I| Sub-Type |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Reserved | Flow Label |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Option Type The type which describes a collection of NOMADv6
extensions (To be defined)
Option Length 4N+1, where N is the number of Flow Label
entries. Each Flow Label entry is assumed to
take 4 bytes (including the Reserved bits)
I Invert. A left most bit of the Sub-Type field is
used to invert each predicate of the Filter
Module. Due to this bit, two different Sub-Type
values are given.
Sub-Type 1 for given Module, 129 for inverted Module
Flow Label Any value which is labelled on this field of a
IPv6 packet. Refer [7] for what and how flow
label is in IPv6.
7.1.3 Protocol Extension
Specifies one or more protocol to be filtered. This has an alignment
requirement of 2n. The format is as follows.
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|Option Type | Option Len |I| Sub-Type | Protocol |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Option Type The type which describes a collection of NOMADv6
extensions (To be defined)
Option Length N+1, where N is the number of Protocol entries.
I Invert. A left most bit of the Sub-Type field is
used to invert each predicate of the Filter
Module. Due to this bit, two different Sub-Type
values are given.
Sub-Type 2 for given Module, 130 for inverted Module
Protocol Identifies the next level protocol used in the
data portion of the IPv6 datagram. The values
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for various protocols are specified in [7]
7.1.4 Source Address Extension
Specifies one or more source addresses to be filtered. This has an
alignment requirement of 8n+5. The format is as follows.
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| | Option Type| Option Len |I| Sub-Type |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
+ +
| |
+ Source Address +
| |
+ +
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Option Type The type which describes a collection of NOMADv6
extensions (To be defined)
Option Length 16N+1, where N is the number of source
addresses.
I Invert. A left most bit of the Sub-Type field is
used to invert each predicate of the Filter
Module. Due to this bit, two different Sub-Type
values are given.
Sub-Type 3 for given Module, 131 for inverted Module
Source Address Identifies the source address/es to be filtered.
7.1.5 Source Network Extension
Specifies one or more source network/s to be filtered. This has an
alignment requirement of 8n+4. The format is as follows.
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|Option Type | Option Len |I| Sub-Type | Network Prefix|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Network Address |
+ +
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Option Type The type which describes a collection of NOMADv6
extensions (To be defined)
Option Length 9N+1, where N is number networks.
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I Invert. A left most bit of the Sub-Type field is
used to invert each predicate of the Filter
Module. Due to this bit, two different Sub-Type
values are given.
Sub-Type 4 for given Module, 132 for inverted Module
Network Prefix Identifies the network prefix to be filtered.
Network Address Identifies the first 64 bits of the Source
network address.
7.1.6 Source Port Extension
Specifies one or more source ports to be filtered. This has an
alignment requirement of 2n+3. The format is as follows.
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |Option Type | |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|Option Len |I| Sub-Type | Source Port Number |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Option Type The type which describes a collection of NOMADv6
extensions (To be defined)
Option Length 2N+1, where N is number of port entries.
I Invert. A left most bit of the Sub-Type field is
used to invert each predicate of the Filter
Module. Due to this bit, two different Sub-Type
values are given.
Sub-Type 5 for given Module, 133 for inverted Module
Source Port Identifies the Source Port Number/s to be
filtered.
7.1.7 Source Port Range Extension
Specifies one or more source ports to be filtered. This has an
alignment requirement of 2n+1. The format is as follows.
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| | Option Type| Option Len |I| Sub-Type |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Source Port Number Min | Source Port Number Max |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
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Option Type The type which describes a collection of NOMADv6
extensions (To be defined)
Option Length 4N+1, where N is number of port range entries.
I Invert. A left most bit of the Sub-Type field is
used to invert each predicate of the Filter
Module. Due to this bit, two different Sub-Type
values are given.
Sub-Type 6 for given Module, 134 for inverted Module
Port Number Min Identifies the start point of a range of port
numbers.
Port Number Max Identifies the end point of a range of port
numbers.
7.1.8 Destination Port Extension
Specifies one or more destination ports to be filtered. This has an
alignment requirement of 2n+3. The format is as follows.
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |Option Type |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|Option Len |I| Sub-Type | Destination Port Number |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Option Type The type which describes a collection of NOMADv6
extensions (To be defined)
Option Length 2N+1, where N is number of port entries.
I Invert. A left most bit of the Sub-Type field is
used to invert each predicate of the Filter
Module. Due to this bit, two different Sub-Type
values are given.
Sub-Type 7 for given Module, 135 for inverted Module
Destination Port Identifies the destination Port Number/s to be
filtered.
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7.1.9 Destination Port Range Extension
Specifies one or more destination ports to be filtered. This has an
alignment requirement of 2n+1. The format is as follows.
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| | Option Type| Option Len |I| Sub-Type |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Destination Port Number Min | Destination Port Number Max |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Option Type The type which describes a collection of NOMADv6
extensions (To be defined)
Option Length 4N+1, where N is number of port range entries.
I Invert. A left most bit of the Sub-Type field is
used to invert each predicate of the Filter
Module. Due to this bit, two different Sub-Type
values are given.
Sub-Type 8 for given Module, 136 for inverted Module
Port Number Min Identifies the start point of a range of port
numbers.
Port Number Max Identifies the end point of a range of port
numbers.
7.1.10 Free-Form Extension
Specifies the value of an area anywhere within a packet. The
alignment requirement is based on the number of bytes on Value field.
The format is as follows.
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Type | Length |I| Sub-Type | Reserved |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Offset | Value
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
....
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Mask
....
Option Type The type which describes a collection of NOMADv6
extensions (To be defined)
Option Length Is variable, depends on the length of the Value
and Mask.
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I Invert. A left most bit of the Sub-Type field is
used to invert each predicate of the Filter
Module. Due to this bit, two different Sub-Type
values are given.
Sub-Type 9 for given Module, 137 for inverted Module
Offset Indicates the starting octet location within an
IPv6 packet to use to mask with the Mask and
check with Value.
Value Indicates the value to be checked, once masked.
Mask Indicates the value to use as the mask to mask
the octets starting from the offset.
The area indicated by the offset and for a length equivalent to that
of Mask is compared against Mask with the bitwise operator AND. The
result of this operation is compared against Value. A match would
indicate that the packet qualifies the filter.
Value and Mask fields MUST have exactly the same size. However, the
length of the Value and Mask may vary with every free-form filter.
For the sizes of Value and Mask the following condition holds:
Value = Mask = (Length - 4) / 2
7.2 Filter Control Extension
Specifies a filter³s unique identifier, called the index along with
the Filter³s Target.
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Type | Length | Sub-Type | Index |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Weight |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Option Type The type which describes a collection of NOMADv6
extensions (To be defined).
Option Length 3
Sub-Type 125
Index FilterÆs index number
Weight Relative amount of traffic for which forwarding
Filter is applicable
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7.3 Filter Deletion Extension
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Type | Length | Sub-Type | Index |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Type The type, which describes a collection of
extensions having a common data type. (To Be
Defined).
Sub-Type 126
Length N, where N is the number of Index entries
Index A FilterÆs index number
7.4 Filter Acknowledgement Extension
Specifies the format of an acknowledgement extension which is sent
with the binding acknowledgement mobility header to inform the MN
about the status of Filters processed at the Filtering Agent. This
has an alignment requirement of 2n+3. The format is as follows.
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |Option Type |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|Option Len | Sub-Type | Code | index |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Option Type The type which describes a collection of NOMADv6
extensions (To be defined)
Option Length 3
Sub-Type 127.
Index Filter³s index number
Code Values to indicate the status of the Filter
accommodation
The following section specifies the values to use within the Code
field of the Filter Acknowledgement Extension are defined:
Successful Filtering Update Codes:
Code Name Value
---------------------- -----
REQUEST ACCEPTED TBD
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Failed Filtering Update Codes:
Error Name Value
---------------------- -----
TOO MANY FILTERS TBD
INVALID FILTER SYNTAX TBD
UNKNOWN FILTER TBD
CAN NOT DROP MIP SIG TBD
The Error Code ôCAN NOT DROP MIP SIGö is used when the mobile node
issues a Filtering Update requesting the drop of flows corresponding
to Mobile IPv6 signalling such as Router Advertisements, Binding
Update, Binding Refresh Request, Binding Acknowledgement or Binding
Error.
8. Security considerations
Since the filter extensions defined in this document only concern the
messaging between the home agent (or correspondent node with route
optimization) and the MN, all security mechanisms that are defined in
[3] is considered sufficient to protect the integrity and
authenticity of filter extensions that are attached with Binding
Update and Binding acknowledgement messages.
References
[1] S. Bradner. Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement
Levels. RFC 2119, IETF, March 1997.
[2] N.A. Fikouras, A. Udugama, K. Kuladinithi, C. Goerg, W. Zirwas.
Filters for Mobile IP Bindings (NOMAD).draft-nomad-mobileip-
filters-05.txt, IETF, October 2003.
[3] D. Johnson, C. Perkins, J. Arkko. Mobility Support in IPv6
(work in progress). draft-ietf-mobileip-ipv6-24.txt, IETF,
January 2003.
[4] H. Soliman, C. Castelluccia, K. Malki, L. Bellier. Hierarchical
MIPv6 Mobility management. Draft-ietf-mobileip-hmipv6-06.txt,
IETF, July 2002.
[5] K. Malki, H. Soliman. Simultaneous Binding for Mobile Ipv6 Fast
Handoffs. draft.emalki-mobileip-bicasting-v6-02.txt, IETF, June
2002.
[6] C. Perkins, IP Mobility Support for IPv4. RFC 3220, January
2002.
[7] S. Deering, R. Hinden. Internet Protocol Version 6
Specification, RFC 2460, December 1998.
[8] J. Reynolds and J. Postel. Assigned Numbers. Request for
Comments 1700, STD 2, IETF, October 1994.
[9] T. Ernst, N. Montavont, R. Wakikawa, C. Ng, E. Paik, and
K. Kuladinithi,T. Noel, "Goals and Benefits of Multihoming,"
IETF http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-multihoming-
generic-goals-and-benefits-00, February 2004
[10] N. Fikouras, K. Kuladinithi, C. Goerg and C. Bormann, "Mobile
IPv4 Flow Mobility", draft-nomad-mip4-flow-mobility-pb-00.txt
(work in progress), Feb 2004.
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A. Changes from Previous Versions
The following updates and changes were made in this version of the
Filters for Mobile IPv6 Bindings draft, compared to earlier
versions.
A.1. Updates from version 00
Removed the Target field from the Filter Control Extension
Introduced the Weight field in the Filter Control Extension.
Introduced the Filter Deletion Extension
Introduced shared Filters based on the Index field.
Extended the section 4.2 to explain the distribution of packets of a
flow.
A.2. Updates from version 01
Clarified what happens if one interface is attached to the home
network (section 4.1.7)
Added references to the problem statement drafts of multi-homing
goals and benefits in the introduction
Added the security section
Authors' Addresses
Koojana Kuladinithi
Department of Communication Networks (ComNets)
Center for Information and Communication Technology (ikom)
University of Bremen Phone: +49-421-218-8264
D-28219 Bremen, Germany Email: koo@comnets.uni-bremen.de
Niko A. Fikouras
Departmnt of Communication Networks (ComNets)
Center for Information and Communication Technology (ikom)
University of Bremen Phone: +49-421-218-3339
D-28219 Bremen, Germany Email: niko@comnets.uni-bremen.de
Carmelita Goerg
Department of Communication Networks (ComNets)
Center for Information and Communication Technology (ikom)
University of Bremen Phone: +49-421-218-2277
28219, Bremen, Germany Email: cg@comnets.uni-bremen.de
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