One document matched: draft-lebovitz-ietf-tcpm-tcp-ao-crypto-00.txt
TCPM G. Lebovitz
Internet-Draft Juniper
Intended status: Standards Track March 03, 2009
Expires: September 4, 2009
Cryptographic Algorithms, Use, & Implementation Requirments for TCP
Authentication Option
draft-lebovitz-ietf-tcpm-tcp-ao-crypto-00
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Abstract
The TCP Authentication Option, TCP-AO, relies on security algorithms
to provide authentication between two end-points. There are many
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such algorithms available, and two TCP-AO systems cannot interoperate
unless they are using the same algorithm(s). This document specifies
the algorithms and attributes that can be used in TCP-AO manual key
mode. It also defines a UI labels framework that will be used across
implementations to aid administrators in quickly achieving successful
TCP-AO connections, something that will become far more important
once a key management protocol (KMP) is defined for TCP-AO.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2. Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.1. Requirements Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.2. Algorithm Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.3. Requirements for Future MAC Algorithms . . . . . . . . . . 4
3. Algorithms Specified . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.1. Key Derivation Functions (KDFs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.1.1. The Use of KDF_HMAC_SHA1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3.1.2. The Use of KDF_AES_128_CMAC . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3.2. MAC Algorithms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3.2.1. The Use of HMAC-SHA-1-96 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
3.2.2. The Use of AES-128-CMAC-96 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
4. UI Labels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
4.1. Label "Option-A" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
4.2. Label "Option-B" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
5. Change History (RFC Editor: Delete before publishing) . . . . 13
6. Needs Work in Next Draft (RFC Editor: Delete Before
Publishing) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
7. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
8. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
9. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
10. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
10.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
10.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Author's Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
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1. Introduction
This document is a companion to TCP-AO [TCP-AO]
[I-D.ietf-tcpm-tcp-auth-opt]. Like most security protocols, TCP-AO
allows users to chose which cryptographic algorithm(s) they want to
use to meet their security needs.
TCP-AO provides cryptographic authentication and message integrity
verification between to end-points. In order to accomplish this
function, one employs message authentication codes (MACs). There are
various ways to create MACs. The use of hashed-based MACs (HMAC) in
Internet protocols is defined in [2104]. The use of cipher-based
MACs (CMAC) in Internet protocols is defined in [RFC4493].
This RFC discusses the requirements for implementations to support
two MACs used in TCP-AO, both now and in the future, and includes the
rationale behind the present and future requirements. The document
then defines the use of those two MACs with TCP-AO. The document
then discusses "UI Labels" in implementations, why they have been
found to be so important to deployment success in other security
protocols, and specifies "UI Labels" for TCP-AO. (Note: these labels
are fairly unimportant now, but will become far more important once a
key management protocol, or KMP, is defined for use with TCP-AO).
2. Requirements
2.1. Requirements Language
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].
We define some additional terms here:
SHOULD+ : This term means the same as SHOULD. However, it is
likely that an algorithm marked as SHOULD+ will be
promoted at some future time to be a MUST.
SHOULD- : This term means the same as SHOULD. However, it is
likely that an algorithm marked as SHOULD- will be
deprecated to a MAY or worse in a future version of this
document.
MUST- : This term means the same as MUST. However, we expect
that at some point in the future this algorithm will no
longer be a MUST.
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2.2. Algorithm Requirements
In this the first RFC specifying cryptography for TCP-AO, we specify
one MAC algorithm as a MUST- and the other as a SHOULD+.
This table lists authentication algorithms for the TCP-AO protocol.
Requirement Authentication Algorithm
------------ ------------------------
MUST- HMAC-SHA-1-96 [RFC2404]
SHOULD+ AES-128-CMAC-96 [RFC4493](1)
Requirement Key Derivation Function (KDF)
------------- ------------------------
MUST- KDF_HMAC_SHA1
SHOULD+ KDF_AES_128_CMAC
Notes: (1) The security issues driving the migration from SHA-1 to
SHA-256 for digital signatures [HMAC-ATTACK] [HMAC-ATTACK]do not
immediately render SHA-1 weak for this application of SHA-1 in HMAC
mode. The security strength of SHA-1 HMACs should be sufficient for
the foreseeable future, especially given that the tags are truncated
to 96 bits. However, while it's clear that the attacks aren't
practical on SHA-1, these types of analysis are mounting and could
potentially pose a concern for HMAC forgery if they were
significantly improved, over time. In anticipation of SHA-1's
growing less dependable over time, but given its wide deployment and
current strength, it is a "MUST-" for TCP-AO today, and the only
mandatory-to-implement MAC. AES-128 CMAC is considered to be far
stronger, but may not yet have very wide implementation, it is
therefore a SHOULD+.
2.3. Requirements for Future MAC Algorithms
Since this document provides cryptographic agility, it is also
important to establish requirements for future MAC algorithms. The
TCPM WG should restrict any future MAC algorithms for this
specification to ones that can protect at least 2**48 messages with a
probability that a collision will occur of less than one in a
billion.
[Reviewers: Are there other requirements we want to place in here?]
3. Algorithms Specified
TCP-AO refers to this document saying that the MAC mechanism employed
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for a connection is listed in the TSAD entry, and is chosen from a
list of MACs both named and described in this document.
TCP-AO requires two classes of cryptographic algorithms:
(1) Key Derivation Functions (KDFs) which name a pseudorandom
function (PRF) and use a Master_Key and some connection-
specific Input with that PRF to produce Conn_Keys, the keys
suitable for authenticating and integrity checking
individual TCP segments.
(2) Message Authentication Code (MAC) algorithms which take a
key and a message and produce an authentication tag which
can be used to verify the integrity of the message. In
TCP-AO, these algorithms are always used in pairs. Each MAC
algorithm MUST specify the KDF to be used with that MAC
algorithm. However, a KDF MAY be used with more than one
MAC algorithm.
In TCP-AO, these algorithms are always used in pairs. Each MAC
algorithm MUST specify the KDF to be used with that MAC algorithm.
However, a KDF MAY be used with more than one MAC algorithm.
3.1. Key Derivation Functions (KDFs)
TCP-AO's Conn_Keys are derived using KDFs. The KDFs used in TCP-AO
manual have the following interface:
PRF(Master_Key, Input, Output_Length)
where:
- PRF: the specific pseudorandom function that is the
basic building block used in constructing the given
KDF
- Master_Key: The Master_Key as will be stored into the
associated TCP-AO TSAD entry. In TPC-AO's manual
key mode, this is a shared key that both sides
enter via some user interface into their respective
configurations. The Master_Key is the seed for the
PRF. We assume that, in manual key mode, this is a
human readable pre-shared key (PSK), thus we assume
that it is of variable length, and we also assume
it is in no way random.
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- Input: the input data for the PRF, in conformance with
[NIST-SP800-108], is a concatonation of:
( i || Label || 0x00 || Context || Output_Length)
Where
- "||": Represents a concatonation operation, between two
values X || Y.
- i: A counter, a binary string that is an input to
each iteration of a PRF in counter mode and
(optionally) in feedback mode. This will depend
on the specific size of the Output_Length desired
for an given MAC.
- Label: A binary string that clearly identifies the
purpose of this KDF's derived keying material.
For TCP-AO we use the ASCII string "TCP-AO".
While this may seem like overkill in this
specification since TCP-AO only describes one call
to the KDF, it is included in order to comply with
FIPS 140 certifications.
- 0x00: Eight zero bits, or 0 represented in byte form
- Context : A binary string containing information related to
the specific connection for this derived keying
material. In TCP-AO, this is the Conn_Block, as
defined in [I-D.ietf-tcpm-tcp-auth-opt], Section
X]
- Output_Length: The length in bits of the key that the KDF
will produce. This length must be the size
required for the MAC algorithm that will use the
PRF result as a seed.
When invoked, a KDF runs a certain PRF, using the Master_Key as the
seed, and Input as the message input and produces a result of
Output_Length bits. This result may then be used as a cryptographic
key for any algorithm which takes an Output_Length length key as its
seed. A KDF MAY specify a maximum Output_Length parameter.
This document defines two KDFs:
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* KDF_HMAC_SHA1 based on PRF-HMAC-SHA1 [RFC2404]
* KDF_AES_128_CMAC based on AES-CMAC-PRF-128 [RFC4615]
Other KDFs may be defined in future revisions of this document, and
SHOULD follow this same format as described above.
3.1.1. The Use of KDF_HMAC_SHA1
For:
PRF(Master_Key, Input, Output_Length)
KDF_HMAC_SHA1 for TCP-AO has the following values:
- PRF: HMAC-SHA1 [RFC2404]
- Master_Key: As provided in the TSAD
- Input:
- i: "0"
- Label: "TCP-AO"
- Context: Conn_Block
- Output_Length 160
- Result: Conn_Key
The result is computed by performing HMAC-SHA1(Master_Key, Input) and
then taking the first (high order) Output_Length, 160 here, bits.
This result is the TCP-AO Conn_Key. The Conn_Key is then used as the
seed for the MAC function on each segment of the connection.
3.1.2. The Use of KDF_AES_128_CMAC
For:
PRF(Master_Key, Input, Output_Length)
KDF_AES_128_CMAC for TCP-AO has the following values:
- PRF: AES-CMAC-PRF-128 [RFC4615]
- Master_Key: As provided in the TSAD
- Input:
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- i: "0"
- Label: "TCP-AO"
- Context: Conn_Block
- Output_Length 128
- Result: Conn_Key
The result is computed by performing AES-CMAC-PRF-128(Master_Key,
Input) and then taking the first (high order) Output_Length, 128,
bits. This result is the TCP-AO Conn_Key. The Conn_Key is then used
as the seed for the MAC function on each segment of the connection.
Since the Master_Key in the TCP-AO manual key mode is a pre-shared
key (PSK) passed in an out of band mecahnism between two devices, and
often between two organizations, it is assumed to be of variable
length. Therefore it may not have 16 octets / 128 bits, as is
required as an input length to AES-128. We could mandate that
implementations force administrators to input only keys of such
length, and with sufficient randomness, but this places undue burdon
on the deployers. Instead, to make things easier on the deployers,
we use the AES-CMAC-PRF-128 mechanism represented in [RFC4615], Sect
3, with a minor change: we never use the raw Master_Key (MK) alone if
K := MK. Instead, we always assume MK is variable length, and we
always use both the 0^128, the MK, and the MKlen arguments, even when
K := MK. Therefore this KDF is always a 2 step function, as follows
(borrowing the format from [RFC4615]):
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+ KDF-AES-128-CMAC +
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+ +
+ Input : MK (Variable-length Master_Key) +
+ : I (Input, i.e., the input data of the PRF) +
+ : MKlen (length of MK in octets) +
+ : len (length of I in octets) +
+ Output : PRV (128-bit Pseudo-Random Variable) +
+ +
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
+ Variable: K (128-bit key for AES-CMAC) +
+ +
+ Step 1. K := AES-CMAC(0^128, MK, MKlen); +
+ Step 2. PRV := AES-CMAC(K, I, len); +
+ return PRV; +
+ +
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Figure 1: The AES-CMAC-PRF-128 Algorithm for TCP-AO
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o In Step 1, the 128-bit key, K, for AES-CMAC is derived by
applying the AES-CMAC algorithm using the 128-bit all-zero string
as the key and MK as the input message.
o In Step 2, we apply the AES-CMAC algorithm again, this time
using K as the key and I as the input message. The output of this
algorithm returns PRV, 128 bits suitable for the seed, the
Conn_Key, in the AES-CMAC operation over the segment.
3.2. MAC Algorithms
MACs for TCP-AO have the following interface:
MAC (Conn_Key(KDF), Message, Truncation)
where:
- MAC-algo: MAC Algorithm used
- Conn_Key: Variable; Result of KDF.
- KDF: Name of the TCP-AO KDF used
- Key_Length: Length in bits required for the Conn_Key used in
this MAC
- Truncation: Length in bits to which the final MAC result is
truncated before being placed into TCP-AO header
This document specifies two MAC algorithm options for generating the
MAC for TCP-AO's option header:
* HMAC-SHA-1-961 based on [RFC2404]
* AES-128-CMAC-96 based on [RFC4493]
Both provide a high level of security and efficiency. The AES-128-
CMAC-96 is potentially more efficient, particularly in hardware, but
HMAC-SHA-1-96 is more widely used in Internet protocols and in most
cases could be supported with little or no additional code in today's
deployed software and devices.
An important aspect to note about these algorithms' definitions for
use in TCP-AO is the fact that the MAC outputs are truncated to 96
bits. AES-128-CMAC-96 produces a 128 bit MAC, and HMAC SHA-1
produces a 160 bit result. The MAC output are then truncated to 96
bits to provide a reasonable tradeoff between security and message
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size, for fitting into the TCP-AO header.
3.2.1. The Use of HMAC-SHA-1-96
By definition, HMAC [RFC2104] requires a cryptographic hash function.
SHA1 will be that has function used for authenticating and providing
integrity validation on TCP segments with HMAC.
For:
MAC (Conn_Key(KDF), Message, Truncation)
HMAC-SHA-1-96 for TCP-AO has the following values:
- MAC-algo: MAC Algorithm used
- Conn_Key: Variable; Result of KDF.
- KDF: KDF_HMAC_SHA1
- Key_Length: 160 bits
- Truncation: 96 bits
3.2.2. The Use of AES-128-CMAC-96
In the context of TCP-AO, when we say "AES-128-CMAC-96" we actually
define a usage of AES-128 as a cipher-based MAC according to
[NIST-SP800-38B].
For:
MAC (Conn_Key(KDF), Message, Truncation)
AES-128-CMAC-96 for TCP-AO has the following values:
- MAC-algo: AES-128-CMAC-96 [RFC4493]
- Conn_Key: Variable; Result of KDF.
- KDF: KDF_AES_128_CMAC
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- Key_Length: 128 bits
- Truncation: 96 bits
According to [RFC4493], by default, "the length of the output of AES-
128-CMAC is 128 bits. It is possible to truncate the MAC. The
result of the truncation is then taken in most significant bits first
order. The MAC length must be specified before the communication
starts, and it must not be changed during the lifetime of the key."
Therefore, we explicitly specify the employed MAC length for TCP-AO
to be 96 bits.
4. UI Labels
[Note to reviewers: We may want to move this section out to a
separate doc, or scrap it altogether. I already had it in here when
I brought it up on the design team call, where it was decided to do
it in another helper-doc in an ops wg. I didn't have time to yank it
before the -00 deadline. Let me know what you think of it. I'd like
to keep it in to make it easy for a future when we have a KMP and
need to define suites, but I'm more than willing to shelve it until
later. Pls advise.]
Implementation experience with other security protocols employing
cryptography (e.g. IPsec [4303] & TLS [5246]) in manual key mode,
and with key management protocols (KMPs), has shown that there are so
many choices for typical system administrators to make that it is
difficult to achieve interoperability without careful pre-agreement.
Accordingly, there should be a small number of named cryptographic
algorithms that cover typical security policies. These algorithms
may be presented in the administrative interface of the TCP-AO
systems according to their labels presented here. These will be
called "UI labels" ("user interface labels"). These labels are
optional and do not prevent implementers from allowing individual
selection of these or other security algorithms. These labels should
not be considered extensions to TCP-AO, or any future KMP that may be
used with TCP-AO, but instead administrative methods for describing
sets of configurations.
Specifically, the transform substructure in TCP-AO (and any future
KMP) must be used to give the value for each specified option
regardless of whether or not UI labels are used.
Implementations that use UI labels SHOULD also provide a management
interface for specifying values for individual cryptographic options.
That is, it is unlikely that UI labels are a complete solution for
matching the security policies of all TCP-AO users, and therefore an
interface that gives a more complete set of options and technical
names should be used as well.
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TCP-AO implementations that use these UI labels SHOULD use the labels
listed here. TCP-AO implementations SHOULD NOT use names different
than those listed here for the algorithms and uses that are
described, and MUST NOT use the names listed here for algorithms that
do not match these values. These requirements are necessary for
interoperability.
Additional labels can be defined by RFCs, or by updating this RFC.
The strings used to identify UI labels are registered by IANA.
4.1. Label "Option-A"
This label matches the commonly deployed, non-deprecated (i.e. non-
MD5) security used in devices today.
Protocol: TCP Authentication Option,
TCP-AO [TCP-AO]
Authentication & Integrity Algorithm: HMAC-SHA-1-96
where HMAC-SHA-1-96 is defined in SectionSection 3.2.1. __
Moving to a new key by use of the [New_KeyID] field advertisement
MUST be supported by both parties in this label.
This label SHOULD be the default provided in the UI. This directive
should stand only until the "Option-B" label becomes widely deployed.
Once devices capable of "Option-B" are widely deployed, this document
should be updated to indicate "Option-B" as the default.
4.2. Label "Option-B"
This label matches the next up and coming, stronger MAC.
Protocol: TCP Authentication Option,
TCP-AO [TCP-AO]
Authentication & Integrity Algorithm: AES-128-CMAC-96
where AES-128-CMAC-96 is defined in the Section Section 3.2.2.
Moving to a new key by use of the [New_KeyID] field advertisement
MUST be supported by both parties in this label.
This label SHOULD be the second choice provided in the UI. This
directive should stand only until the "Option-B" label becomes widely
deployed. Once devices capable of "Option-B" are widely deployed,
this document should be updated to indicate "Option-B" as the
default.
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5. Change History (RFC Editor: Delete before publishing)
[NOTE TO RFC EDITOR: this section for use during I-D stage only.
Please remove before publishing as RFC.]
-00 - original submission
-01- not yet done (place holder)
o adds new stuff.
6. Needs Work in Next Draft (RFC Editor: Delete Before Publishing)
[NOTE TO RFC EDITOR: this section for use during I-D stage only.
Please remove before publishing as RFC.]
List of stuff that still needs work
o fix the iana registry section. Need registry entries for the KDFs
and all the other values?
o
7. Security Considerations
This document inherits all of the security considerations of the
TCP-AO, the AES-CMAC, and the HMAC-SHA-1 documents.
The security of cryptographic-based systems depends on both the
strength of the cryptographic algorithms chosen and the strength of
the keys used with those algorithms. The security also depends on
the engineering of the protocol used by the system to ensure that
there are no non-cryptographic ways to bypass the security of the
overall system.
Care should also be taken to ensure that the selected key is
unpredictable, avoiding any keys known to be weak for the algorithm
in use. [RFC4086] contains helpful information on both key
generation techniques and cryptographic randomness.
Note that in the composition of KDF_AES_128_CMAC, the PRF needs a 128
bit / 16 byte key as the seed. However, for convenience to the
administrators/deployers, we did not want to force them to enter a 16
byte Master_Key. So we specified the sub-key routine that could
handle a variable length Master_Key, one that might be less than 16
bytes. This does NOT mean that administrators are safe to use weak
keys. Administrators are encouraged to follow [RFC4086] as listed
above. We simply attempted to "put a fence around stupidity", in as
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much as possible.
This document concerns itself with the selection of cryptographic
algorithms for the use of TCP-AO, The algorithms identified in this
document as "MUST implement" or "SHOULD implement" are not known to
be broken at the current time, and cryptographic research so far
leads us to believe that they will likely remain secure into the
foreseeable future. Some of the algorithms may be found in the
future to have properties significantly weaker than those that were
believed at the time this document was produced. Expect that new
revisions of this document will be issued from time to time. Be sure
to search for more recent versions of this document before
implementing.
8. IANA Considerations
IANA has created and will maintain a registry called, "Cryptographic
Labels for TCP-AO". The registry consists of a text string and an
RFC number that lists the associated transform(s). New entries can
be added to the registry only after RFC publication and approval by
an expert designated by the IESG.
The initial values for the new registry are:
Identifier Defined In
----------------- -------------------------
Option-A [this document as an RFC]
Option-B [this document as an RFC]
9. Acknowledgements
Paul Hoffman, from whose [RFC 4308] I largely followed, and sometimes
copied, to quickly create a very similar document for TCP-AO.
Tim Polk, whose email summarizing SAAG's guidance to TCPM on the two
hash algorithms for TCP-AO is largely cut and pasted into various
sections of this document.
Jeff Schiller, Donald Eastlake and the IPsec WG, whose [RFC4307] &
[4305] text comprised most of the Requirements [LINK] section of this
document.
(In other words, I was truly only an editor of others' text in
creating this document.)
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Eric "EKR" Rescorla and Brian Weis, who brought to clarity the issues
with the inputs to PRFs for the KDFs, and was of great assistance in
how to structure the text, as well as the correct cryptographic
decisions.
10. References
10.1. Normative References
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
10.2. Informative References
[HMAC-ATTACK]
"On the Security of HMAC and NMAC Based on HAVAL, MD4,
MD5, SHA-0 and SHA-1"", 2006,
<http://eprint.iacr.org/2006/187
http://www.springerlink.com/content/00w4v62651001303>.
[I-D.ietf-tcpm-tcp-auth-opt]
Touch, J., Mankin, A., and R. Bonica, "The TCP
Authentication Option", draft-ietf-tcpm-tcp-auth-opt-03
(work in progress), February 2009.
[I-D.narten-iana-considerations-rfc2434bis]
Narten, T. and H. Alvestrand, "Guidelines for Writing an
IANA Considerations Section in RFCs",
draft-narten-iana-considerations-rfc2434bis-09 (work in
progress), March 2008.
[NIST-SP800-108]
National Institute of Standards and Technology,
"Recommendation for Key Derivation Using Pseudorandom
Functions", SP 800-108, April 2008.
[NIST-SP800-38B]
National Institute of Standards and Technology,
"Recommendation for Block Cipher Modes of Operation: The
CMAC Mode for Authentication", SP 800-38B, May 2005.
[RFC2104] Krawczyk, H., Bellare, M., and R. Canetti, "HMAC: Keyed-
Hashing for Message Authentication", RFC 2104,
February 1997.
[RFC2401] Kent, S. and R. Atkinson, "Security Architecture for the
Internet Protocol", RFC 2401, November 1998.
Lebovitz Expires September 4, 2009 [Page 15]
Internet-Draft Crypto for TCP-AO March 2009
[RFC2404] Madson, C. and R. Glenn, "The Use of HMAC-SHA-1-96 within
ESP and AH", RFC 2404, November 1998.
[RFC2406] Kent, S. and R. Atkinson, "IP Encapsulating Security
Payload (ESP)", RFC 2406, November 1998.
[RFC4307] Schiller, J., "Cryptographic Algorithms for Use in the
Internet Key Exchange Version 2 (IKEv2)", RFC 4307,
December 2005.
[RFC4308] Hoffman, P., "Cryptographic Suites for IPsec", RFC 4308,
December 2005.
[RFC4493] Song, JH., Poovendran, R., Lee, J., and T. Iwata, "The
AES-CMAC Algorithm", RFC 4493, June 2006.
[RFC4615] Song, J., Poovendran, R., Lee, J., and T. Iwata, "The
Advanced Encryption Standard-Cipher-based Message
Authentication Code-Pseudo-Random Function-128 (AES-CMAC-
PRF-128) Algorithm for the Internet Key Exchange Protocol
(IKE)", RFC 4615, August 2006.
Author's Address
Gregory Lebovitz
Juniper Networks, Inc.
1194 North Mathilda Ave.
Sunnyvale, CA 94089-1206
US
Phone:
Email: gregory.ietf@gmail.com
Lebovitz Expires September 4, 2009 [Page 16]
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