One document matched: draft-ietf-tls-extractor-04.xml

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<rfc category="std" docName="draft-ietf-tls-extractor-04.txt" 
     ipr="pre5378Trust200902">
  <front>
    <title abbrev="TLS Exporters">Keying Material Exporters for Transport Layer Security (TLS)</title>

    <author fullname="Eric Rescorla" initials="E." surname="Rescorla">
      <organization>RTFM, Inc.</organization>

      <address>
        <postal>
          <street>2064 Edgewood Drive</street>

          <city>Palo Alto</city>

          <region>CA</region>

          <code>94303</code>

          <country>USA</country>
        </postal>

        <email>ekr@rtfm.com</email>
      </address>
    </author>

    <date day="28" month="February" year="2009" />

    <abstract>
      <t>A number of protocols wish to leverage Transport Layer Security (TLS)
      to perform key establishment but then use some of the keying material
      for their own purposes. This document describes a general mechanism
      for allowing that.
      </t>
    </abstract>
  </front>

  <middle>
    <section title="Introduction">
    <t>
      <list style="hanging">
	<t hangText="Note:">The mechanism described in this document was previously
	  known as "TLS Extractors" but was changed to avoid a name conflict with
	  the use of the term "Extractor" in the cryptographic community.
	</t>
      </list>
    </t>
    <t>A number of protocols wish to leverage Transport Layer Security (TLS) <xref target="RFC5246"/> or Datagram TLS (DTLS) <xref target="RFC4347"/>
      to perform key establishment but then use some of the keying material
      for their own purposes. A typical example is DTLS-SRTP <xref target="I-D.ietf-avt-dtls-srtp"/>, which uses DTLS to perform a key exchange and 
      negotiate the SRTP <xref target="RFC3711"/> protection suite and
      then uses the DTLS master_secret to generate the SRTP keys.
    </t>
    <t>
      These applications imply a need to be
      able to export keying material (later called Exported Keying Material
      or EKM) from TLS/DTLS, and securely agree on the upper-layer context
      where the keying material will be used. The mechanism for exporting
      the keying material has the following requirements:
      </t>
      <t>
      <list style="symbols">
      <t>Both client and server need to be able to export the same EKM value.</t>
      <t>EKM values should be indistinguishable from random 
         by attackers who don't know the master_secret.</t>
      <t>It should be possible to export multiple EKM values
	 from the same TLS/DTLS association.</t>
      <t>Knowing one EKM value should not reveal any 
         information about the master_secret or about other EKM values.</t>
      </list>
      </t>
    <t>
    The mechanism described in this document is intended to fill these
    requirements.
    </t>
    </section>
    <section title="Conventions Used In This Document">
      <t>The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
      "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
      document are to be interpreted as described in <xref
      target="RFC2119"></xref>.</t>
    </section>
    <section title="Binding to Application Contexts" anchor="sec.binding">
     <t>
     In addition to exporting keying material, an application using the
     keying material has to securely establish the upper-layer layer
     context where the keying material will be used.  The details of this
     context depend on the application, but it could include things such as
     algorithms and parameters that will be used with the keys,
     identifier(s) for the endpoint(s) who will use the keys, identifier(s)
     for the session(s) where the keys will be used, and the lifetime(s)
     for the context and/or keys. At minimum, there should be some
     mechanism for signalling that an exporter will be used.
     </t>
     <t>
     This specification does not mandate a single mechanism for agreeing
     on such context; instead, there are several possibilities that
     can be used (and can complement each other). For example:
     </t>
     <t>
     <list style="symbols">
     <t>One important part of the context -- which application will
        use the exported keys -- is given by the disambiguating label 
	string (see Section 4).
     </t>
     <t>Information about the upper-layer context can be included in
     the optional data after the exporter label (see Section 4).
     </t>
     <t>Information about the upper-layer context can be exchanged in TLS
     extensions included in the ClientHello and ServerHello messages.  
     This approach is used in [DTLS-SRTP].
     The handshake messages are protected by the Finished messages, so
     once the handshake completes, the peers will have the same view of the
     information. Extensions also allow a limited form of negotiation:
     for example, the TLS client could propose several alternatives for
     some context parameters, and TLS server could select one of them.
     </t>
     <t>The upper-layer protocol can include its own handshake which can
      be protected using the keys exported from TLS.
     </t>
     </list>
     </t>
     <t>
     It is important to note that just embedding TLS messages in the
     upper-layer protocol may not automatically secure all the important
     context information, since the upper-layer messages are not covered by
     TLS Finished messages.
    </t>
    </section>
    <section title="Exporter Definition" anchor="exporter.def">
    <t>
    An exporter takes as input three values:
    </t>
    <t>
    <list style="symbols">
    <t>A disambiguating label string</t>
    <t>A per-association context value provided by the
       exporter using application</t>
    <t>A length value</t>
    </list>
    </t>
    <t>
    It then computes:
    </t>
    <t>
        <figure>
          <artwork><![CDATA[	
       PRF(master_secret, label, 
           SecurityParameters.client_random +
           SecurityParameters.server_random +
           context_value_length + context_value
           )[length]
]]></artwork>
    </figure>
     </t>
    <t>
    The output is a pseudorandom bit string of length bytes
    generated from the master_secret. 
    </t>
    <t>
    Label values beginning with "EXPERIMENTAL" MAY be used
    for private use without registration. All other
    label values MUST be registered via Specification Required as
    described by RFC 2434 <xref target="RFC2434"/>.
    Note that exporter labels have the potential to collide with 
    existing PRF labels. In order to prevent this, labels SHOULD
    begin with "EXPORTER". This is not a MUST because there are
    existing uses which have labels which do not begin with
    this prefix.
    </t>
    <t>
    The context value allows the application using the exporter
    to mix its own data with the TLS PRF for the exporter
    output. The context value length is encoded as an unsigned
    16-bit quantity (uint16) representing the length of the
    context value.
    </t>
    </section>
    <section anchor="section.sec" title="Security Considerations">
    <t>
    Because an exporter produces the same value if applied twice
    with the same label to the same master_secret, it is critical
    that two EKM values generated with the same label be used
    for two different purposes--hence the requirement for IANA
    registration. 
    However, because exporters depend on the TLS PRF, it is not a
    threat to the use of an EKM value generated from one label to reveal an
    EKM value generated from another label.
    </t>
    </section>
    <section anchor="section.iana" title="IANA Considerations">
    <t>
   IANA is requested to create (has created) a TLS Exporter Label 
   registry for this purpose. The initial contents of the registry 
   are given below:
    </t>
<figure><artwork>
   Value                          Reference
   -----                          ------------
   client finished                [RFC5246]
   server finished                [RFC5246]
   master secret                  [RFC5246]
   key expansion                  [RFC5246]
   client EAP encryption          [RFC2716]
   ttls keying material           [draft-funk-eap-ttls-v0-01]
</artwork></figure>
<t>
Future values are allocated via RFC2434 Specification Required
policy. The label is a string consisting of printable ASCII
characters.  IANA MUST also verify that one label is not a prefix
of any other label. For example, labels "key" or "master secretary"
are forbidden.
</t>
    </section>
    <section title="Acknowledgments">
    <t>
    Thanks to Pasi Eronen for valuable comments and the contents of the IANA section
    and <xref target="sec.binding"/>. 
    </t>
    </section>
  </middle>

  <back>
    <references title="Normative References">
      &RFC2119;
      &RFC2434;
      &RFC5246;
    </references>
    <references title="Informational References">
      &RFC4347;
      &RFC3711;
      &I-D.ietf-avt-dtls-srtp;
    </references> 
  </back>
</rfc>
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