One document matched: draft-ietf-pim-sm-bsr-12.ps
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/F0 10/Courier-Bold@0 SF(Internet Engineering Task Force)72 85 Q(PIM WG)
210 E 216(INTERNET-DRAFT Nidhi)72 98 R(Bhaskar/Arastra)6 E 138
(draft-ietf-pim-sm-bsr-12.ps Alexander)72 111 R(Gall/SWITCH)6 E
(James Lingard/Arastra)378 124 Q(Stig Venaas/UNINETT)390 137 Q 6(3A)426
150 S(ugust 2007)-6 E(Expires: February 2008)372 163 Q/F1 14
/Times-Bold@0 SF(Bootstrap Router \(BSR\) Mechanism f)153.446 188 Q
(or PIM)-.35 E/F2 12/Times-Bold@0 SF(Status of this Document)72 233 Q/F3
12/Times-Roman@0 SF
(By submitting this Internet-Draft, each author represents that an)72
249.6 Q 3(ya)-.18 G(pplicable patent or)-3 E
(other IPR claims of which he or she is a)72 262.6 Q -.12(wa)-.18 G
(re ha).12 E .36 -.18(ve b)-.24 H(een or will be disclosed, and an).18 E
3(yo)-.18 G(f)-3 E(which he or she becomes a)72 275.6 Q -.12(wa)-.18 G
(re will be disclosed, in accordance with Section 6 of BCP).12 E(79.)72
288.6 Q(Internet-Drafts are w)72 314.6 Q
(orking documents of the Internet Engineering T)-.12 E(ask F)-.96 E
(orce \(IETF\), its)-.18 E(areas, and its w)72 327.6 Q(orking groups.)
-.12 E(Note that other groups may also distrib)6 E(ute w)-.24 E(orking)
-.12 E(documents as Internet-Drafts.)72 340.6 Q
(Internet-Drafts are draft documents v)72 366.6 Q
(alid for a maximum of six months and may be)-.3 E
(updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at an)72 379.6 Q 3
(yt)-.18 G 3(ime. It)-3 F(is inappropriate to use)3 E
(Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "w)
72 392.6 Q(ork in progress.")-.12 E
(The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at http://www)72
418.6 Q(.ietf.or)-.78 E(g/1id-)-.216 E(abstracts.html)72 431.6 Q
(The list of Internet-Draft Shado)72 457.6 Q 3(wD)-.3 G
(irectories can be accessed at)-3 E(http://www)72 470.6 Q(.ietf.or)-.78
E(g/shado)-.216 E -.78(w.)-.3 G(html).78 E
(This document is a product of the IETF PIM WG.)72 496.6 Q
(Comments should be addressed to the)6 E(authors, or the WG')72 509.6 Q
3(sm)-.66 G(ailing list at pim@ietf.or)-3 E(g.)-.216 E F2
(Copyright Notice)72 535.6 Q F3(Cop)72 552.2 Q(yright \(C\) The IETF T)
-.12 E(rust \(2007\).)-.42 E F2(Abstract)265.674 574.8 Q F3(This docume\
nt speci\214es the Bootstrap Router \(BSR\) mechanism for the class)97
597.4 Q(of multicast routing protocols in the PIM \(Protocol Independen\
t Multicast\))97 610.4 Q -.12(fa)97 623.4 S
(mily that use the concept of a Rendezv).12 E
(ous Point as a means for recei)-.24 E -.18(ve)-.3 G(rs to).18 E(disco)
97 636.4 Q -.18(ve)-.18 G 3(rt).18 G
(he sources that send to a particular multicast group.)-3 E
(BSR is one w)6 E(ay)-.12 E(that a multicast router can learn the set o\
f group-to-RP mappings required in)97 649.4 Q(order to function.)97
662.4 Q(The mechanism is dynamic, lar)6 E(gely self-con\214guring, and)
-.216 E(rob)97 675.4 Q(ust to router f)-.24 E(ailure.)-.12 E
(Bhaskar/Gall/Ling)72 769 Q(ard/V)-.06 E 246.948(enaas [P)-1.332 F
(age 1])-.18 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 12/Times-Roman@0 SF(INTERNET)72 49 Q 55.458(-DRAFT Expires:)-1.104 F
(February 2008)3 E(August 2007)97.674 E/F1 14/Times-Bold@0 SF -1.288(Ta)
235.367 98 S(ble of Contents)1.288 E/F2 10/Times-Roman@0 SF
(1. Introduction)97 136 Q F0 12(....................)4.56 G F2(3)13 E
(1.1. Background)107 148 Q F0 12(...................)2.62 G F2(3)13 E
(1.2. Protocol Ov)107 160 Q(ervie)-.15 E(w)-.25 E F0 12
(.................)6.08 G F2(4)13 E(1.3. Administrati)107 172 Q .3 -.15
(ve S)-.25 H(coping and BSR).15 E F0 12(.............)8.28 G F2(5)13 E
(2. BSR State and T)97 184 Q(imers)-.35 E F0 12(.................)10.18
G F2(6)13 E(3. Bootstrap Router Election and RP-Set Distrib)97 196 Q
(ution)-.2 E F0 12(..........)1.14 G F2(8)13 E
(3.1. Bootstrap Router Election)107 208 Q F0 12(...............)7.06 G
F2(8)13 E(3.1.1. Per)117 220 Q(-Scope-Zone Candidate-BSR State Machine)
-.2 E F0 12(........)8.95 G F2(9)13 E(3.1.2. Per)117 232 Q
(-Scope-Zone State Machine for Non-Candidate-BSR Routers)-.2 E F0 12
(....).63 G F2(11)8 E(3.1.3. Bootstrap Message Processing Checks)117 244
Q F0 12(..........)14.85 G F2(12)8 E(3.1.4. State Machine T)117 256 Q
(ransition Ev)-.35 E(ents)-.15 E F0 12(............)8.68 G F2(13)8 E
(3.1.5. State Machine Actions)117 268 Q F0 12(...............)2.9 G F2
(14)8 E(3.2. Sending Candidate-RP-Adv)107 280 Q(ertisement Messages)-.15
E F0 12(.........)6.67 G F2(15)8 E(3.3. Creating the RP-Set at the BSR)
107 292 Q F0 12(..............).66 G F2(16)8 E(3.4. F)107 304 Q(orw)-.15
E(arding Bootstrap Messages)-.1 E F0 12(.............)12.32 G F2(18)8 E
(3.5. Bootstrap Messages to Ne)107 316 Q 2.5(wa)-.25 G
(nd Rebooting Routers)-2.5 E F0 12(........)10.1 G F2(19)8 E
(3.5.1. No-F)117 328 Q(orw)-.15 E(ard Bootstrap Messages)-.1 E F0 12
(............)7.05 G F2(19)8 E(3.5.2. Unicasting Bootstrap Messages)117
340 Q F0 12(............)12.9 G F2(20)8 E(3.6. Recei)107 352 Q
(ving and Using the RP-Set)-.25 E F0 12(.............)12.31 G F2(20)8 E
(4. Message F)97 364 Q(ormats)-.15 E F0 12(..................)13.88 G F2
(20)8 E(4.1. Bootstrap Message F)107 376 Q(ormat)-.15 E F0 12
(...............)3.88 G F2(22)8 E(4.1.1. Semantic Fragmentation of BSMs)
117 388 Q F0 12(............)2.61 G F2(25)8 E(4.2. Candidate-RP-Adv)107
400 Q(ertisement Message F)-.15 E(ormat)-.15 E F0 12(.........)14.6 G F2
(26)8 E(5. T)97 412 Q(imers and T)-.35 E(imer V)-.35 E(alues)-1.11 E F0
12(................)13.33 G F2(27)8 E(6. Security Considerations)97 424
Q F0 12(.................)3.17 G F2(29)8 E(6.1. Possible Threats)107 436
Q F0 12(..................).67 G F2(29)8 E(6.2. Limiting Third-P)107 448
Q(arty DoS Attacks)-.15 E F0 12(.............)4.15 G F2(29)8 E
(6.3. Bootstrap Message Security)107 460 Q F0 12(..............)14.29 G
F2(30)8 E(6.3.1. Unicast Bootstrap Messages)117 472 Q F0 12
(.............)10.68 G F2(30)8 E(6.3.2. Multi-access subnets)117 484 Q
F0 12(...............)10.4 G F2(30)8 E(6.4. Candidate-RP-Adv)107 496 Q
(ertisement Message Security)-.15 E F0 12(.........)10.01 G F2(31)8 E
(6.4.1. Non-Cryptographic Security of C-RP-Adv Messages)117 508 Q F0 12
(.......)2.36 G F2(31)8 E
(6.4.2. Cryptographic Security of C-RP-Adv Messages)117 520 Q F0 12
(........)7.91 G F2(31)8 E(6.5. Denial of Service using IPsec)107 532 Q
F0 12(..............)8.19 G F2(32)8 E(7. Contrib)97 544 Q(utors)-.2 E F0
12(....................)3.64 G F2(32)8 E(8. Ackno)97 556 Q(wledgments)
-.25 E F0 12(..................)9.26 G F2(32)8 E(9. IAN)97 568 Q 2.5(AC)
-.35 G(onsiderations)-2.5 E F0 12(.................)11.86 G F2(32)8 E
(10. Normati)97 580 Q .3 -.15(ve R)-.25 H(eferences).15 E F0 12
(.................)4.71 G F2(32)8 E(11. Informati)97 592 Q .3 -.15(ve R)
-.25 H(eferences).15 E F0 12(.................).27 G F2(33)8 E F1
(List of Figur)244.572 644 Q(es)-.252 E F2(Figure 1. Per)97 682 Q
(-Scope-Zone state machine for a Candidate-BSR)-.2 E F0 12(.......)12.02
G F2(8)13 E(Figure 2. Per)97 694 Q
(-Scope-Zone state machine for a router not con\214gured as C-BSR)-.2 E
F0 12(...)8.14 G F2(10)8 E F0(Bhaskar/Gall/Ling)72 769 Q(ard/V)-.06 E
246.948(enaas [P)-1.332 F(age 2])-.18 E 0 Cg EP
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(February 2008)3 E(August 2007)97.674 E/F1 12/Times-Bold@0 SF(1.)72 85 Q
/F2 15/Times-Bold@0 SF(Intr)6 E(oduction)-.27 E F0
(This document assumes some f)72 101.6 Q
(amiliarity with the concepts of Protocol Independent)-.12 E(Multicast \
- Sparse Mode \(PIM-SM\), as de\214ned in [1], and Bi-directional Proto\
col)72 114.6 Q(Independent Multicast \(BIDIR-PIM\), as de\214ned in [2]\
, as well as with Administrati)72 127.6 Q -.18(ve)-.3 G(ly).18 E(Scoped\
IP Multicast, as described in [3], and the IPv6 Scoped Address Archite\
cture,)72 140.6 Q(described in [4].)72 153.6 Q -.18(Fo)72 170.2 S 3(rc)
.18 G(orrect operation, e)-3 E -.18(ve)-.3 G
(ry multicast router within a PIM domain must be able to map a).18 E
(particular multicast group address to the same Rendezv)72 183.2 Q
(ous Point \(RP\).)-.24 E(The PIM)6 E
(speci\214cations do not mandate the use of a single mechanism to pro)72
196.2 Q(vide routers with the)-.18 E
(information to perform this group-to-RP mapping.)72 209.2 Q
(This document describes the PIM Bootstrap Router \(BSR\) mechanism.)72
225.8 Q(BSR is one w)6 E(ay)-.12 E(that a multicast router can learn th\
e information required to perform the group-to-RP)72 238.8 Q 3
(mapping. The)72 251.8 R(mechanism is dynamic, lar)3 E
(gely self-con\214guring, and rob)-.216 E(ust to router)-.24 E -.12(fa)
72 264.8 S(ilure.).12 E(BSR w)72 281.4 Q(as \214rst de\214ned in RFC 23\
62 [7] as part of the original PIM-SM speci\214cation,)-.12 E
(which has been obsoleted by RFC 4601 [1].)72 294.4 Q(This document pro)
6 E(vides an updated)-.18 E
(speci\214cation of the BSR mechanism from RFC 2362, and also e)72 307.4
Q(xtends it to cope with)-.18 E(administrati)72 320.4 Q -.18(ve)-.3 G
(ly scoped re).18 E(gion boundaries and dif)-.18 E(ferent \215a)-.3 E
-.24(vo)-.24 G(rs of routing protocols.).24 E
(Throughout the document, an)72 337 Q 3(yr)-.18 G
(eference to the PIM protocol f)-3 E(amily is restricted to the)-.12 E(\
subset of RP-based protocols, namely PIM-SM and BIDIR-PIM, unless state\
d otherwise.)72 350 Q(The k)72 366.6 Q .36 -.18(ey w)-.12 H
(ords "MUST", "MUST NO).06 E(T", "REQ)-.48 E(UIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NO)
-.12 E(T",)-.48 E("SHOULD", "SHOULD NO)72 379.6 Q(T", "RECOMMENDED",)
-.48 E("MA)6 E(Y", and "OPTION)-1.26 E(AL" in)-.42 E
(this document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [6].)72
392.6 Q F1(1.1.)72 418.6 Q/F3 14/Times-Bold@0 SF(Backgr)6 E(ound)-.252 E
F0 3(AP)72 435.2 S(IM domain is a contiguous set of routers that all im\
plement PIM and are con\214gured to)-3 E(operate within a common bounda\
ry de\214ned by PIM Multicast Border Routers \(PMBRs\).)72 448.2 Q
(PMBRs connect each PIM domain to the rest of the internet.)72 461.2 Q
(Ev)72 477.8 Q(ery PIM multicast group needs to be associated with the \
IP address of a Rendezv)-.18 E(ous)-.24 E(Point \(RP\).)72 490.8 Q
(This address is used as the root of a group-speci\214c distrib)6 E
(ution tree whose)-.24 E(branches e)72 503.8 Q
(xtend to all nodes in the domain that w)-.18 E(ant to recei)-.12 E .36
-.18(ve t)-.3 H(raf).18 E(\214c sent to the group.)-.3 E
(Senders inject pack)72 516.8 Q
(ets into the tree in such a manner that the)-.12 E 3(yr)-.18 G
(each all connected)-3 E(recei)72 529.8 Q -.18(ve)-.3 G 3(rs. Ho).18 F 3
(wt)-.3 G(his is done and ho)-3 E 3(wt)-.3 G(he pack)-3 E(ets are forw)
-.12 E(arded along the distrib)-.12 E(ution tree)-.24 E
(depends on the particular routing protocol.)72 542.8 Q -.18(Fo)72 559.4
S 3(ra).18 G(ll senders to reach all recei)-3 E -.18(ve)-.3 G
(rs, it is crucial that all routers in the domain use the).18 E
(same mappings of group addresses to RP addresses.)72 572.4 Q(An e)72
589 Q(xception to the abo)-.18 E .36 -.18(ve i)-.18 H 3(sw).18 G
(here a PIM domain has been brok)-3 E(en up into multiple)-.12 E
(administrati)72 602 Q .36 -.18(ve s)-.3 H(cope re).18 E 3(gions. These)
-.18 F(are re)3 E(gions where a border has been con\214gured so)-.18 E
(that a set of multicast groups will not be forw)72 615 Q
(arded across that border)-.12 E 6(.I)-.66 G 3(nt)-6 G(his case, all)-3
E(PIM routers within the same scope re)72 628 Q
(gion must map a particular scoped group to the)-.18 E
(same RP within that re)72 641 Q(gion.)-.18 E(In order to determine the\
RP for a multicast group, a PIM router maintains a collection of)72
657.6 Q(group-to-RP mappings, called the RP-Set.)72 670.6 Q 3(Ag)6 G
(roup-to-RP mapping contains the)-3 E(follo)72 683.6 Q(wing elements.)
-.3 E 7.8<834d>72 700.2 S(ulticast group range, e)-7.8 E
(xpressed as an address and pre\214x length)-.18 E(Bhaskar/Gall/Ling)72
769 Q(ard/V)-.06 E 183.948(enaas Section)-1.332 F 3(1.1. [P)3 F(age 3])
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(riority)-3 E 7.8<8352>72 101.6 S 3(Pa)-7.8 G(ddress)-3 E 7.8<8348>72
118.2 S(ash mask length)-7.8 E 7.8<8353>72 134.8 S 3(M/B)-7.8 G
(IDIR \215ag)-3 E
(In general, the group ranges of these group-to-RP mappings may o)72
151.4 Q -.18(ve)-.18 G(rlap in arbitrary).18 E -.12(wa)72 164.4 S
(ys; hence a particular multicast group may be co).12 E -.18(ve)-.18 G
(red by multiple group-to-RP).18 E 3(mappings. When)72 177.4 R
(this is the case, the router chooses only one of the RPs by applying a)
3 E(deterministic algorithm so that all routers in the domain mak)72
190.4 Q 3(et)-.12 G(he same choice.)-3 E(It is)6 E(important to note th\
at this algorithm is part of the speci\214cation of the indi)72 203.4 Q
(vidual routing)-.3 E(protocols \(and may dif)72 216.4 Q
(fer among them\), not of the BSR speci\214cation.)-.3 E
(E.g. PIM-SM [1])6 E(de\214nes one such algorithm.)72 229.4 Q(It mak)6 E
(es use of a hash function for the case where a group)-.12 E
(range has multiple RPs with the same priority)72 242.4 Q 6(.T)-.78 G
(he hash mask length is used by this)-6 E(function.)72 255.4 Q
(There are a number of w)72 272 Q
(ays in which such group-to-RP mappings can be established.)-.12 E(The \
simplest solution is for all the routers in the domain to be statically\
con\214gured with)72 285 Q(the same information.)72 298 Q(Ho)6 E(we)-.3
E -.18(ve)-.3 G .96 -.48(r, s).18 H
(tatic con\214guration generally doesn').48 E 3(ts)-.216 G
(cale well, and,)-3 E -.18(ex)72 311 S
(cept when used in conjunction with An).18 E
(ycast-RP \(see [8] and [9]\), does not dynamically)-.18 E
(adapt to route around router or link f)72 324 Q(ailures.)-.12 E
(The BSR mechanism pro)72 340.6 Q(vides a w)-.18 E
(ay in which viable group-to-RP mappings can be)-.12 E
(created and rapidly distrib)72 353.6 Q
(uted to all the PIM routers in a domain.)-.24 E(It is adapti)6 E -.18
(ve)-.3 G 3(,i).18 G 3(nt)-3 G(hat if)-3 E(an RP becomes unreachable, t\
his will be detected and the RP-Sets will be modi\214ed so)72 366.6 Q
(that the unreachable RP is no longer used.)72 379.6 Q/F1 12
/Times-Bold@0 SF(1.2.)72 405.6 Q/F2 14/Times-Bold@0 SF(Pr)6 E(otocol Ov)
-.252 E(er)-.14 E(view)-.14 E F0(In this section we gi)72 422.2 Q .36
-.18(ve a)-.3 H 3(ni).18 G(nformal and non-de\214niti)-3 E .36 -.18
(ve ove)-.3 H(rvie).18 E 3(wo)-.3 G 3(ft)-3 G(he BSR mechanism.)-3 E
(The de\214niti)72 435.2 Q .36 -.18(ve s)-.3 H(peci\214cation be).18 E
(gins in section 2.)-.18 E(The general idea behind the BSR mechanism is\
that some of the PIM routers within a)72 451.8 Q
(PIM domain are con\214gured to be potential RPs for the domain.)72
464.8 Q(These are kno)6 E(wn as)-.3 E(Candidate-RPs \(C-RPs\).)72 477.8
Q 3(As)6 G(ubset of the C-RPs will e)-3 E -.18(ve)-.3 G
(ntually be used as the actual RPs).18 E(for the domain.)72 490.8 Q(In \
addition, some of the PIM routers in the domain are con\214gured to be)6
E(candidate bootstrap routers, or Candidate-BSRs \(C-BSRs\).)72 503.8 Q
(One of these C-BSRs will be)6 E(elected to be the bootstrap router \(B\
SR\) for the domain, and all the PIM routers in the)72 516.8 Q(domain w\
ill learn the result of this election through Bootstrap messages.)72
529.8 Q(The C-RPs will)6 E(then report their candidac)72 542.8 Q 3(yt)
-.18 G 3(ot)-3 G(he elected BSR, which chooses a subset of these C-RPs)
-3 E(and distrib)72 555.8 Q(utes corresponding group-to-RP mappings to \
all the routers in the domain)-.24 E(through Bootstrap messages.)72
568.8 Q(In more detail, the BSR mechanism w)72 585.4 Q(orks as follo)
-.12 E 3(ws. There)-.3 F(are four basic phases)3 E
(\(although in practice all phases may be occurring simultaneously\):)72
598.4 Q F1(1.)72 615 Q F0(BSR Election.)16 E
(Each Candidate-BSR originates Bootstrap messages \(BSMs\).)6 E(Ev)6 E
(ery)-.18 E(BSM contains a BSR Priority \214eld.)97 628 Q
(Routers within the domain \215ood the BSMs)6 E(throughout the domain.)
97 641 Q 3(AC)6 G(-BSR that hears about a higher)-3 E
(-priority C-BSR than)-.24 E(itself then suppresses its sending of furt\
her BSMs for some period of time.)97 654 Q(The)6 E(single remaining C-B\
SR becomes the elected BSR, and its BSMs inform all the)97 667 Q
(other routers in the domain that it is the elected BSR.)97 680 Q F1(2.)
72 696.6 Q F0(C-RP Adv)16 E 3(ertisement. Each)-.18 F
(Candidate-RP within a domain sends periodic)3 E(Candidate-RP-Adv)97
709.6 Q(ertisement \(C-RP-Adv\) messages to the elected BSR.)-.18 E 3
(AC)6 G(-RP-)-3 E(Adv message includes the priority of the adv)97 722.6
Q(ertising C-RP)-.18 E 3(,a)-1.332 G 3(sw)-3 G(ell as a list of group)-3
E(Bhaskar/Gall/Ling)72 769 Q(ard/V)-.06 E 183.948(enaas Section)-1.332 F
3(1.2. [P)3 F(age 4])-.18 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 12/Times-Roman@0 SF(INTERNET)72 49 Q 55.458(-DRAFT Expires:)-1.104 F
(February 2008)3 E(August 2007)97.674 E(ranges for which the candidac)97
85 Q 3(yi)-.18 G 3(sa)-3 G(dv)-3 E 3(ertised. In)-.18 F(this w)3 E(ay)
-.12 E 3(,t)-.78 G(he BSR learns about)-3 E
(possible RPs that are currently up and reachable.)97 98 Q/F1 12
/Times-Bold@0 SF(3.)72 114.6 Q F0(RP-Set F)16 E 3(ormation. The)-.18 F
(BSR selects a subset of the C-RPs that it has recei)3 E -.18(ve)-.3 G 3
(dC).18 G(-)-3 E(RP-Adv messages from to form the RP-Set.)97 127.6 Q
(In general it should do this in such a)6 E -.12(wa)97 140.6 S 3(yt).12
G(hat the RP-Set is neither too lar)-3 E
(ge to inform all the routers in the domain about,)-.216 E
(nor too small so that load is o)97 153.6 Q -.18(ve)-.18 G
(rly concentrated on some RPs.).18 E(It should also)6 E
(attempt to produce an RP-Set that does not change frequently)97 166.6 Q
(.)-.78 E F1(4.)72 183.2 Q F0(RP-Set Flooding.)16 E
(In future Bootstrap messages, the BSR includes the RP-Set)6 E 3
(information. Bootstrap)97 196.2 R
(messages are \215ooded through the domain, which ensures)3 E
(that the RP-Set rapidly reaches all the routers in the domain.)97 209.2
Q(BSMs are originated)6 E(periodically to ensure consistenc)97 222.2 Q 3
(ya)-.18 G(fter f)-3 E(ailure restoration.)-.12 E
(When a PIM router recei)97 248.2 Q -.18(ve)-.3 G 3(saB).18 G
(ootstrap message, it adds the group-to-RP mappings)-3 E(contained ther\
ein to its pool of mappings obtained from other sources \(e.g. static)97
261.2 Q 3(con\214guration\). It)97 274.2 R
(calculates the \214nal mappings of group addresses to RP addresses)3 E
(from this pool according to rules speci\214c to the particular routing\
protocol and uses)97 287.2 Q
(that information to construct multicast distrib)97 300.2 Q
(ution trees.)-.24 E(If a PIM domain becomes partitioned, each area sep\
arated from the old BSR will elect its)72 316.8 Q -.3(ow)72 329.8 S 3
(nB).3 G(SR, which will distrib)-3 E
(ute an RP-Set containing RPs that are reachable within that)-.24 E 3
(partition. When)72 342.8 R(the partition heals, another election will \
occur automatically and only)3 E
(one of the BSRs will continue to send out Bootstrap messages.)72 355.8
Q(As is e)6 E(xpected at the time)-.18 E
(of a partition or healing, some disruption in pack)72 368.8 Q(et deli)
-.12 E -.18(ve)-.3 G(ry may occur).18 E 6(.T)-.66 G(his time will be)-6
E(on the order of the re)72 381.8 Q(gion')-.18 E 3(sr)-.66 G
(ound-trip time and the BS_T)-3 E(imeout v)-.42 E(alue.)-.3 E F1(1.3.)72
407.8 Q/F2 14/Times-Bold@0 SF(Administrati)6 E .28 -.14(ve S)-.14 H
(coping and BSR).14 E F0(The mechanism described in the pre)72 424.4 Q
(vious section does not w)-.3 E(ork when the PIM domain is)-.12 E(di)72
437.4 Q(vided into administrati)-.3 E -.18(ve)-.3 G(ly scoped re).18 E 3
(gions. T)-.18 F 3(oh)-.96 G(andle this situation, we use the)-3 E
(protocol modi\214cations described in this section.)72 450.4 Q(In the \
remainder of this document we will use the term scope zone, or simply z\
one, when)72 467 Q(we are talking about a connected re)72 480 Q
(gion of topology of a gi)-.18 E -.18(ve)-.3 G 3(ns).18 G 3(cope. F)-3 F
(or a more precise)-.18 E(de\214nition of scope zones, see [4] emphasiz\
e that the scope zones are administrati)72 493 Q -.18(ve)-.3 G(ly).18 E
(con\214gured.)72 506 Q(Administrati)72 522.6 Q .36 -.18(ve s)-.3 H
(coping permits a PIM domain to be di).18 E
(vided into multiple admin-scope)-.3 E 3(zones. Each)72 535.6 R
(admin-scope zone is a con)3 E .36 -.18(vex c)-.48 H
(onnected set of PIM routers, and is).18 E
(associated with a set of group addresses.)72 548.6 Q
(The boundary of the admin-scope zone is)6 E
(formed by Zone Border Routers \(ZBRs\).)72 561.6 Q
(ZBRs are con\214gured not to forw)6 E(ard traf)-.12 E(\214c for)-.3 E
(an)72 574.6 Q 3(yo)-.18 G 3(ft)-3 G
(he scoped group addresses into or out of the scoped zone.)-3 E
(It is important to note)6 E(that a gi)72 587.6 Q -.18(ve)-.3 G 3(ns).18
G(cope boundary al)-3 E -.12(wa)-.12 G(ys creates at least tw).12 E 3
(os)-.12 G(coped zones: one on either side)-3 E(of the boundary)72 600.6
Q(.)-.78 E(In IPv4, administrati)72 617.2 Q -.18(ve)-.3 G
(ly scoped zones are associated with a set of addresses gi).18 E -.18
(ve)-.3 G 3(nb).18 G 3(ya)-3 G(n)-3 E(address and a pre\214x length.)72
630.2 Q(In IPv6, administrati)6 E -.18(ve)-.3 G
(ly scoped zones are associated with a).18 E(set of addresses gi)72
643.2 Q -.18(ve)-.3 G 3(nb).18 G 3(yas)-3 G(ingle scope ID v)-3 E 3
(alue. The)-.3 F(set of addresses corresponding to)3 E 3(ag)72 656.2 S
-2.58 -.3(iv e)-3 H 3(ns).3 G(cope ID v)-3 E(alue is de\214ned in [5].)
-.3 E -.18(Fo)6 G 3(re).18 G(xample, a scope ID of 5 maps to the 16)
-3.18 E(IPv6 address ranges f)72 669.2 Q(f[0-f]5::/16.)-.3 E
(There are certain topological restrictions on admin-scope zones.)72
685.8 Q(The scope zone border)6 E(must be complete and con)72 698.8 Q
-.18(vex)-.48 G 6(.B).18 G 3(yt)-6 G
(his we mean that there must be no path from inside)-3 E(the scoped zon\
e to outside it that does not pass through a con\214gured scope border \
router)72 711.8 Q(,)-.48 E
(and that the multicast capable path between an)72 724.8 Q 3(ya)-.18 G
(rbitrary pair of multicast routers in the)-3 E(Bhaskar/Gall/Ling)72 769
Q(ard/V)-.06 E 183.948(enaas Section)-1.332 F 3(1.3. [P)3 F(age 5])-.18
E 0 Cg EP
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(February 2008)3 E(August 2007)97.674 E
(scope zone must remain in the zone.)72 85 Q(Administrati)72 101.6 Q .36
-.18(ve s)-.3 H(coping complicates BSR because we do not w).18 E
(ant a PIM router within the)-.12 E
(scoped zone to use an RP outside the scoped zone.)72 114.6 Q
(Thus we need to modify the basic)6 E
(mechanism to ensure that this doesn')72 127.6 Q 3(th)-.216 G(appen.)-3
E(This is done by running a separate cop)72 144.2 Q 3(yo)-.12 G 3(ft)-3
G(he basic BSR mechanism, as described in the)-3 E(pre)72 157.2 Q
(vious section, within each admin scope zone of a PIM domain.)-.3 E
(Thus a separate BSR)6 E(election tak)72 170.2 Q
(es place for each admin-scope zone, a C-RP typically re)-.12 E
(gisters to the BSR of)-.18 E -2.58 -.3(ev e)72 183.2 T
(ry admin scope zone it is in, and e).3 E -.18(ve)-.3 G
(ry PIM router recei).18 E -.18(ve)-.3 G 3(sB).18 G
(ootstrap messages for)-3 E -2.58 -.3(ev e)72 196.2 T
(ry scope zone it is in.).3 E
(The Bootstrap messages sent by the BSR for a particular scope)6 E(zone\
contain information about the RPs that should be used for the set of a\
ddresses)72 209.2 Q(associated with that scope zone.)72 222.2 Q
(Bootstrap messages are mark)72 238.8 Q
(ed to indicate which scope zone the)-.12 E 3(yb)-.18 G(elong to.)-3 E
(Such admin)6 E(scoped Bootstrap messages are \215ooded in the normal w)
72 251.8 Q(ay)-.12 E 3(,b)-.78 G(ut will not be forw)-3.24 E(arded by a)
-.12 E(ZBR across the boundary for that scope zone.)72 264.8 Q -.18(Fo)
72 281.4 S 3(rt).18 G(he BSR mechanism to function correctly with admin\
scoping, within each admin)-3 E(scope zone there must be at least one \
C-BSR, and at least one C-RP that is con\214gured to)72 294.4 Q(be a C-\
RP for the set of group addresses associated with the scoped zone.)72
307.4 Q(Ev)72 324 Q(en when administrati)-.18 E .36 -.18(ve s)-.3 H
(coping is used, a cop).18 E 3(yo)-.12 G 3(ft)-3 G
(he BSR mechanism is still used)-3 E
(across the entire PIM domain, in order to distrib)72 337 Q
(ute RP information for groups that are)-.24 E(not administrati)72 350 Q
-.18(ve)-.3 G(ly scoped.).18 E 1.92 -.96(We c)6 H(all this cop).96 E 3
(yo)-.12 G 3(ft)-3 G(he mechanism Non-Scoped BSR.)-3 E(The)6 E(copies o\
f the mechanism run for each admin-scope zone are called Scoped BSR.)72
363 Q(Only the C-BSRs and the ZBRs need to be con\214gured to kno)72
379.6 Q 3(wa)-.3 G(bout the e)-3 E(xistence of the)-.18 E(scope zones.)
72 392.6 Q(Other routers, including the C-RPs, learn of their e)6 E
(xistence from Bootstrap)-.18 E(messages.)72 405.6 Q(All PIM routers wi\
thin a PIM bootstrap domain where admin scope ranges are in use)72 422.2
Q(must be capable of recei)72 435.2 Q
(ving Bootstrap messages and storing the winning BSR and RP-)-.3 E
(Set for all admin scope zones that apply)72 448.2 Q 6(.T)-.78 G
(hus PIM routers that only implement RFC)-6 E
(2362 or Non-Scoped BSR \(which only allo)72 461.2 Q
(ws one BSR per domain\) cannot be used)-.3 E
(within the admin-scope zones of a PIM domain.)72 474.2 Q/F1 12
/Times-Bold@0 SF(2.)72 500.2 Q/F2 15/Times-Bold@0 SF(BSR State and T)6 E
(imers)-.27 E F0 3(AP)72 516.8 S
(IM router implementing BSR holds the follo)-3 E(wing state.)-.3 E
(RP-Set)97 533.4 Q(Per Con\214gured or Learned Scope Zone \(Z\):)97 550
Q(At all routers:)122 566.6 Q(Current Bootstrap Router')147 583.2 Q 3
(sI)-.66 G 3(PA)-3 G(ddress)-3 E(Current Bootstrap Router')147 599.8 Q 3
(sB)-.66 G(SR Priority)-3 E(Last BSM recei)147 616.4 Q -.18(ve)-.3 G 3
(df).18 G(rom current BSR)-3 E(Bootstrap T)147 633 Q(imer \(BST\(Z\)\))
-.42 E(Per group-to-RP mapping \(M\):)147 649.6 Q
(Group-to-RP mapping Expiry T)172 666.2 Q(imer \(GET\(M,Z\)\))-.42 E
(At a Candidate-BSR for Z:)122 682.8 Q(My state: One of ")147 699.4 Q F1
(Candidate-BSR)A F0(", ")A F1 -.24(Pe)C(nding-BSR).24 E F0(", ")A F1
(Elected-BSR)A F0(")A(Bhaskar/Gall/Ling)72 769 Q(ard/V)-.06 E 192.948
(enaas Section)-1.332 F 3(2. [P)3 F(age 6])-.18 E 0 Cg EP
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(February 2008)3 E(August 2007)97.674 E
(At a router that is not a Candidate-BSR for Z:)122 85 Q
(My state: One of ")147 101.6 Q/F1 12/Times-Bold@0 SF(Accept Any)A F0
(", ")A F1(Accept Pr)A(eferr)-.216 E(ed)-.216 E F0(")A
(Scope-Zone Expiry T)147 118.2 Q(imer \(SZT\(Z\)\))-.42 E
(At the current Bootstrap Router for Z only:)122 134.8 Q
(Per group-to-C-RP mapping \(M\):)147 151.4 Q
(Group-to-C-RP mapping Expiry T)172 168 Q(imer \(CGET\(M,Z\)\))-.42 E
(At a C-RP only:)97 184.6 Q(C-RP Adv)122 201.2 Q(ertisement T)-.18 E
(imer \(CRPT\))-.42 E(Bhaskar/Gall/Ling)72 769 Q(ard/V)-.06 E 192.948
(enaas Section)-1.332 F 3(2. [P)3 F(age 7])-.18 E 0 Cg EP
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(February 2008)3 E(August 2007)97.674 E/F1 12/Times-Bold@0 SF(3.)72 85 Q
/F2 15/Times-Bold@0 SF(Bootstrap Router Election and RP-Set Distrib)6 E
(ution)-.3 E F1(3.1.)72 111 Q/F3 14/Times-Bold@0 SF
(Bootstrap Router Election)6 E F0 -.18(Fo)72 127.6 S 3(rs).18 G
(implicity)-3 E 3(,B)-.78 G
(ootstrap messages are used in both the BSR election and the RP-Set)-3 E
(distrib)72 140.6 Q(ution mechanisms.)-.24 E
(Each Bootstrap message indicates the scope that it belongs to.)72 157.2
Q(If the Admin Scope Zone)6 E(bit is set in the \214rst group range in \
the Bootstrap message, the message is called a scoped)72 170.2 Q 3
(BSM. If)72 183.2 R(the Admin Scope Zone bit is not set in the \214rst \
group range in the Bootstrap)3 E
(message, the message is called a non-scoped BSM.)72 196.2 Q
(In a scoped IPv4 BSM, the scope of the message is gi)72 212.8 Q -.18
(ve)-.3 G 3(nb).18 G 3(yt)-3 G(he \214rst group range in the)-3 E
(message, which can be an)72 225.8 Q 3(ys)-.18 G(ub-range of 224/4.)-3 E
(In a scoped IPv6 BSM, the scope of the)6 E(message is gi)72 238.8 Q
-.18(ve)-.3 G 3(nb).18 G 3(yt)-3 G
(he scope ID of the \214rst group range in the message, which must)-3 E
(ha)72 251.8 Q .36 -.18(ve a m)-.24 H(ask length of at least 16.).18 E
-.18(Fo)6 G 3(re).18 G(xample, a group range of f)-3.18 E
(f05::/16 with the)-.3 E(Admin Scope Zone bit set indicates that the Bo\
otstrap message is for the scope with)72 264.8 Q(scope ID 5.)72 277.8 Q
(If the mask length of the \214rst group range in a scoped IPv6 BSM is \
less than)6 E(16, the message MUST be dropped and a w)72 290.8 Q
(arning SHOULD be logged.)-.12 E(The state machine for Bootstrap messag\
es depends on whether or not a router has been)72 307.4 Q
(con\214gured to be a Candidate-BSR for a particular scope zone.)72
320.4 Q(The per)6 E(-scope-zone state)-.24 E(machine for a C-BSR is gi)
72 333.4 Q -.18(ve)-.3 G 3(nb).18 G(elo)-3 E 1.56 -.78(w, f)-.3 H(ollo)
.78 E(wed by the state machine for a router that is)-.3 E
(not con\214gured to be a C-BSR.)72 346.4 Q(Bhaskar/Gall/Ling)72 769 Q
(ard/V)-.06 E 174.948(enaas Section)-1.332 F 3(3.1.1. [P)3 F(age 8])-.18
E 0 Cg EP
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(February 2008)3 E(August 2007)97.674 E/F1 12/Times-Bold@0 SF 3
(3.1.1. P)72 85 R(er)-.24 E(-Scope-Zone Candidate-BSR State Machine)
-.444 E 21 307 396 541 -205.686 281 108 313.286 PBEGIN
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showpage
%%Trailer
end
%%EndDocument
end PEND(Figur)108 339.286 Q 3(e1)-.216 G 3(:P)-3 G(er)-3.24 E
(-Scope-Zone state machine f)-.444 E(or a Candidate-BSR)-.3 E F0(Per)72
361.886 Q(-Scope-Zone state machine for a Candidate-BSR in tab)-.24 E
(ular form:)-.24 E .48 LW 503.99 372.886 72 372.886 DL F1
(When in C-BSR state)233.161 382.886 Q 503.99 387.886 72 387.886 DL(Ev)
81.483 397.886 Q(ent)-.12 E F0(Recei)162.845 397.886 Q .36 -.18(ve P)-.3
H(referred).18 E(BSM)162.845 410.886 Q(Bootstrap T)277.106 397.886 Q
(imer)-.42 E(Expires)277.106 410.886 Q(Recei)400.031 397.886 Q .36 -.18
(ve N)-.3 H(on-).18 E(preferred BSM)400.031 410.886 Q(from Elected)
400.031 423.886 Q(BSR)400.031 436.886 Q 503.99 441.886 72 441.886 DL
(-> C-BSR state)162.845 451.886 Q(-> P-BSR state)277.106 451.886 Q
(-> P-BSR state)400.031 451.886 Q F1(Action)81.483 477.886 Q F0 -.18(Fo)
162.845 464.886 S(rw).18 E(ard BSM;)-.12 E(Store RP-Set; Set)162.845
477.886 Q(Bootstrap T)162.845 490.886 Q(imer)-.42 E(to BS_T)162.845
503.886 Q(imeout)-.42 E(Set Bootstrap)277.106 464.886 Q -.42(Ti)277.106
477.886 S(mer to).42 E(BS_Rand_Ov)277.106 490.886 Q(erride)-.18 E -.18
(Fo)400.031 464.886 S(rw).18 E(ard BSM;)-.12 E(Set Bootstrap)400.031
477.886 Q -.42(Ti)400.031 490.886 S(mer to).42 E(BS_Rand_Ov)400.031
503.886 Q(erride)-.18 E 503.99 508.886 72 508.886 DL 385.806 387.886
385.806 508.886 DL 262.881 387.886 262.881 508.886 DL 148.62 387.886
148.62 508.886 DL 503.99 372.886 503.99 508.886 DL 72 372.886 72 508.886
DL 503.994 533.886 72 533.886 DL F1(When in P-BSR state)233.829 543.886
Q 503.994 548.886 72 548.886 DL(Ev)84.974 558.886 Q(ent)-.12 E F0(Recei)
176.476 558.886 Q .36 -.18(ve P)-.3 H(referred).18 E(BSM)176.476 571.886
Q(Bootstrap T)301.21 558.886 Q(imer)-.42 E(Expires)301.21 571.886 Q
(Recei)418.708 558.886 Q .36 -.18(ve N)-.3 H(on-).18 E(preferred BSM)
418.708 571.886 Q 503.994 576.886 72 576.886 DL(-> C-BSR state)176.476
586.886 Q(-> E-BSR state)301.21 586.886 Q(-> P-BSR state)418.708 586.886
Q F1(Action)84.974 612.886 Q F0 -.18(Fo)176.476 599.886 S(rw).18 E
(ard BSM;)-.12 E(Store RP-Set; Set)176.476 612.886 Q(Bootstrap T)176.476
625.886 Q(imer)-.42 E(to BS_T)176.476 638.886 Q(imeout)-.42 E
(Originate BSM;)301.21 599.886 Q(Set Bootstrap)301.21 612.886 Q -.42(Ti)
301.21 625.886 S(mer to).42 E(BS_Period)301.21 638.886 Q -.18(Fo)418.708
599.886 S(rw).18 E(ard BSM)-.12 E 503.994 643.886 72 643.886 DL 399.247
548.886 399.247 643.886 DL 281.749 548.886 281.749 643.886 DL 157.015
548.886 157.015 643.886 DL 503.994 533.886 503.994 643.886 DL 72 533.886
72 643.886 DL(Bhaskar/Gall/Ling)72 769 Q(ard/V)-.06 E 174.948
(enaas Section)-1.332 F 3(3.1.1. [P)3 F(age 9])-.18 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 10 10
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BP
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/F0 12/Times-Roman@0 SF(INTERNET)72 49 Q 55.458(-DRAFT Expires:)-1.104 F
(February 2008)3 E(August 2007)97.674 E .48 LW 503.992 77 72 77 DL/F1 12
/Times-Bold@0 SF(When in E-BSR state)233.492 87 Q 503.992 92 72 92 DL
(Ev)84.532 102 Q(ent)-.12 E F0(Recei)174.876 102 Q .36 -.18(ve P)-.3 H
(referred).18 E(BSM)174.876 115 Q(Bootstrap T)298.284 102 Q(imer)-.42 E
(Expires)298.284 115 Q(Recei)414.456 102 Q .36 -.18(ve N)-.3 H(on-).18 E
(preferred BSM)414.456 115 Q 503.992 120 72 120 DL(-> C-BSR state)
174.876 130 Q(-> E-BSR state)298.284 130 Q(-> E-BSR state)414.456 130 Q
F1(Action)84.532 156 Q F0 -.18(Fo)174.876 143 S(rw).18 E(ard BSM;)-.12 E
(Store RP-Set; Set)174.876 156 Q(Bootstrap T)174.876 169 Q(imer)-.42 E
(to BS_T)174.876 182 Q(imeout)-.42 E(Originate BSM;)298.284 143 Q
(Set Bootstrap)298.284 156 Q -.42(Ti)298.284 169 S(mer to).42 E
(BS_Period)298.284 182 Q(Originate BSM;)414.456 143 Q(Set Bootstrap)
414.456 156 Q -.42(Ti)414.456 169 S(mer to).42 E(BS_Period)414.456 182 Q
503.992 187 72 187 DL 395.658 92 395.658 187 DL 279.486 92 279.486 187
DL 156.078 92 156.078 187 DL 503.992 77 503.992 187 DL 72 77 72 187 DL 3
(AC)72 217.6 S(andidate-BSR may be in one of three states for a particu\
lar scope zone:)-3 E F1(Candidate-BSR \(C-BSR\))72 234.2 Q F0
(The router is a candidate to be the BSR for the scope zone, b)97 247.2
Q(ut currently another)-.24 E(router is the preferred BSR.)97 260.2 Q F1
-.24(Pe)72 276.8 S(nding-BSR \(P-BSR\)).24 E F0
(The router is a candidate to be the BSR for the scope zone.)97 289.8 Q
(Currently no other)6 E(router is the preferred BSR, b)97 302.8 Q
(ut this router is not yet the elected BSR.)-.24 E(This is a)6 E
(temporary state that pre)97 315.8 Q -.18(ve)-.3 G
(nts rapid thrashing of the choice of BSR during BSR).18 E(election.)97
328.8 Q F1(Elected-BSR \(E-BSR\))72 345.4 Q F0(The router is the electe\
d BSR for the scope zone and it must perform all the BSR)97 358.4 Q
(functions.)97 371.4 Q
(In addition to the three states, there is one timer:)72 388 Q 7.8<8354>
72 404.6 S(he Bootstrap T)-7.8 E
(imer \(BST\) - used to time out old bootstrap router information, and)
-.42 E(used in the election process to terminate P-BSR state.)84 417.6 Q
(The initial state for this con\214gured scope zone is "Pending-BSR"; t\
he Bootstrap T)72 434.2 Q(imer is)-.42 E(initialized to BS_Rand_Ov)72
447.2 Q 3(erride. This)-.18 F
(is the case both if the router is a Candidate BSR)3 E
(at startup, and if recon\214gured to become one later)72 460.2 Q(.)-.66
E(Bhaskar/Gall/Ling)72 769 Q(ard/V)-.06 E 168.948(enaas Section)-1.332 F
3(3.1.2. [P)3 F(age 10])-.18 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 11 11
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 12/Times-Roman@0 SF(INTERNET)72 49 Q 55.458(-DRAFT Expires:)-1.104 F
(February 2008)3 E(August 2007)97.674 E/F1 12/Times-Bold@0 SF 3
(3.1.2. P)72 85 R(er)-.24 E(-Scope-Zone State Machine f)-.444 E
(or Non-Candidate-BSR Routers)-.3 E F0(The follo)72 101.6 Q
(wing state machine is used for scope zones which are disco)-.3 E -.18
(ve)-.18 G(red by the router).18 E(from bootstrap messages.)72 114.6 Q 3
(As)6 G(impli\214ed state machine is used for scope zones which are)-3 E
-.18(ex)72 127.6 S
(plicitly con\214gured on the router and for the global zone.).18 E
(The dif)6 E(ferences are listed at)-.3 E(the end of this section.)72
140.6 Q 0 0 396 545 -175.112 241 108 338.312 PBEGIN
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% here ends figure;
%
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% polyline
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% here ends figure;
%
% here starts figure with depth 967
% spline
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% spline
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% here ends figure;
%
% here starts figure with depth 964
% spline
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2 slj
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% here ends figure;
%
% here starts figure with depth 961
% spline
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2 slj
7.500 slw
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3254 2626 l 3251 2628 l 3249 2631 l 3245 2635 l 3238 2643 l
3227 2656 l 3214 2674 l 3201 2692 l 3192 2706 l 3186 2716 l
3183 2721 l 3182 2723 l 3180 2726 l 3178 2732 l 3174 2742 l
3168 2758 l 3160 2779 l 3153 2801 l 3149 2821 l 3145 2839 l
3143 2854 l 3142 2868 l 3141 2881 l 3140 2890 l 3140 2897 l
3140 2900 l 3140 2901 l 3141 2906 l 3143 2918 l 3146 2937 l
3150 2961 l 3154 2984 l 3157 3003 l 3159 3015 l 3160 3020 l
3160 3021 l 3161 3024 l 3163 3030 l 3166 3038 l 3171 3049 l
3176 3062 l 3183 3075 l 3191 3090 l 3201 3107 l 3214 3126 l
3227 3144 l 3238 3157 l 3245 3165 l 3249 3169 l 3251 3172 l
3254 3174 l 3258 3178 l 3266 3185 l 3279 3196 l 3297 3209 l
3315 3222 l 3329 3231 l 3339 3237 l 3344 3240 l 3346 3241 l
3349 3243 l 3355 3245 l 3365 3249 l 3381 3255 l 3402 3263 l
3424 3270 l 3444 3274 l 3462 3278 l 3477 3280 l 3491 3281 l
3504 3282 l 3513 3283 l 3520 3283 l 3523 3283 l 3524 3283 l
3529 3282 l 3541 3280 l 3560 3277 l 3584 3273 l 3607 3269 l
3626 3266 l 3638 3264 l 3643 3263 l 3644 3263 l 3647 3262 l
3653 3260 l 3661 3257 l 3672 3252 l 3685 3247 l 3698 3240 l
3713 3232 l 3730 3222 l 3749 3209 l 3767 3196 l 3780 3185 l
3788 3178 l 3792 3174 l 3795 3172 l 3797 3169 l 3801 3165 l
3808 3157 l 3819 3144 l 3832 3126 l 3845 3108 l 3854 3094 l
3860 3084 l 3863 3079 l 3864 3077 l 3866 3074 l 3868 3068 l
3872 3058 l 3879 3042 l 3886 3021 l 3892 2999 l 3897 2979 l
3900 2961 l 3902 2946 l 3904 2932 l 3904 2919 l 3905 2910 l
3905 2903 l
3905 2900 l cp gs col0 s gr
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%
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/Helvetica-iso ff 195.00 scf sf
3395 2845 m
gs 1 -1 sc (No) col0 sh gr
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3395 3037 m
gs 1 -1 sc (Info) col0 sh gr
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5229 4831 m
gs 1 -1 sc ( Accept) col0 sh gr
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5229 4991 m
gs 1 -1 sc (Preferred) col0 sh gr
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1107 4831 m
gs 1 -1 sc (Accept) col0 sh gr
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1107 4991 m
gs 1 -1 sc ( Any ) col0 sh gr
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4957 2743 m
gs 1 -1 sc (Receive BSM) col0 sh gr
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4957 2902 m
gs 1 -1 sc ([Forward BSM]) col0 sh gr
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4957 3062 m
gs 1 -1 sc ([Store RP-Set]) col0 sh gr
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4957 3221 m
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6568 5365 m
gs 1 -1 sc (Receive ) col0 sh gr
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6568 5525 m
gs 1 -1 sc (Non-preferred BSM) col0 sh gr
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gs 1 -1 sc ([Remove scope) col0 sh gr
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gs 1 -1 sc ( zone state]) col0 sh gr
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6720 4456 m
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showpage
%%EndDocument
end PEND F1(Figur)108 364.312 Q 3(e2)-.216 G 3(:P)-3 G(er)-3.24 E
(-Scope-Zone state machine f)-.444 E(or a r)-.3 E(outer not con\214gur)
-.216 E(ed as C-BSR)-.216 E F0(Per)72 386.912 Q(-Scope-Zone state machi\
ne for a router not con\214gured as C-BSR in tab)-.24 E(ular form:)-.24
E .48 LW 503.998 397.912 72 397.912 DL F1(When in NoInf)233.315 407.912
Q 3(os)-.3 G(tate)-3 E 503.998 412.912 72 412.912 DL(Ev)116.966 422.912
Q(ent)-.12 E F0(Recei)139.014 E .36 -.18(ve B)-.3 H(SM).18 E 503.998
427.912 72 427.912 DL(-> AP state)285.86 437.912 Q -.18(Fo)285.86
450.912 S(rw).18 E(ard BSM; Store RP-Set;)-.12 E(Set Bootstrap T)285.86
463.912 Q(imer to BS_T)-.42 E(imeout)-.42 E F1(Action)116.966 450.912 Q
503.998 468.912 72 468.912 DL 218.411 412.912 218.411 468.912 DL 503.998
397.912 503.998 468.912 DL 72 397.912 72 468.912 DL 504 493.912 72
493.912 DL(When in Accept Any state)221.34 503.912 Q 504 508.912 72
508.912 DL(Ev)96.63 518.912 Q(ent)-.12 E F0(Recei)78.006 E .36 -.18
(ve B)-.3 H(SM).18 E(Scope-Zone Expiry)383.754 518.912 Q -.42(Ti)383.754
531.912 S(mer Expires).42 E 504 536.912 72 536.912 DL(-> AP state)
204.516 546.912 Q(-> NoInfo state)125.142 E F1(Action)96.63 566.412 Q F0
-.18(Fo)204.516 559.912 S(rw).18 E(ard BSM; Store)-.12 E
(RP-Set; Set Bootstrap)204.516 572.912 Q -.42(Ti)204.516 585.912 S
(mer to BS_T).42 E(imeout)-.42 E(Remo)383.754 559.912 Q .36 -.18(ve s)
-.18 H(cope zone).18 E(state)383.754 572.912 Q 504 590.912 72 590.912 DL
346.809 508.912 346.809 590.912 DL 167.571 508.912 167.571 590.912 DL
504 493.912 504 590.912 DL 72 493.912 72 590.912 DL(Bhaskar/Gall/Ling)72
769 Q(ard/V)-.06 E 168.948(enaas Section)-1.332 F 3(3.1.2. [P)3 F
(age 11])-.18 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 12/Times-Roman@0 SF(INTERNET)72 49 Q 55.458(-DRAFT Expires:)-1.104 F
(February 2008)3 E(August 2007)97.674 E .48 LW 503.993 77 72 77 DL/F1 12
/Times-Bold@0 SF(When in Accept Pr)207.236 87 Q(eferr)-.216 E(ed state)
-.216 E 503.993 92 72 92 DL(Ev)84.727 102 Q(ent)-.12 E F0(Recei)156.904
102 Q .36 -.18(ve P)-.3 H(referred).18 E(BSM)156.904 115 Q(Bootstrap T)
300.433 102 Q(imer)-.42 E(Expires)300.433 115 Q(Recei)418.954 102 Q .36
-.18(ve N)-.3 H(on-).18 E(preferred BSM)418.954 115 Q 503.993 120 72 120
DL(-> AP state)156.904 130 Q(-> AA state)89.433 E(-> AP state)62.433 E
F1(Action)84.727 156 Q F0 -.18(Fo)156.904 143 S(rw).18 E(ard BSM; Store)
-.12 E(RP-Set; Set Bootstrap)156.904 156 Q -.42(Ti)156.904 169 S
(mer to BS_T).42 E(imeout)-.42 E(Refresh RP-Set;)300.433 143 Q(Remo)
300.433 156 Q .36 -.18(ve B)-.18 H(SR).18 E(state; Set SZT to)300.433
169 Q(SZ_T)300.433 182 Q(imeout)-.42 E 503.993 187 72 187 DL 399.863 92
399.863 187 DL 281.342 92 281.342 187 DL 137.813 92 137.813 187 DL
503.993 77 503.993 187 DL 72 77 72 187 DL 3(Ar)72 201 S
(outer that is not a Candidate-BSR may be in one of three states:)-3 E
F1(NoInf)72 217.6 Q(o)-.3 E F0
(The router has no information about this scope zone.)97 230.6 Q
(When in this state, no state)6 E
(information is held and no timers run that refer to this scope zone.)97
243.6 Q(Conceptually)6 E 3(,t)-.78 G(he)-3 E
(state machine is only instantiated when the router recei)97 256.6 Q
-.18(ve)-.3 G 3(sas).18 G(coped BSM for a)-3 E
(scope about which it has no prior kno)97 269.6 Q 3(wledge. Ho)-.3 F(we)
-.3 E -.18(ve)-.3 G .96 -.48(r, b).18 H(ecause the router).48 E
(immediately transitions to the AA state unconditionally)97 282.6 Q 3
(,t)-.78 G(he NoInfo state can be)-3 E
(considered to be virtual in a certain sense.)97 295.6 Q -.18(Fo)6 G 3
(rt).18 G(his reason, it is omitted from the)-3 E
(description in section 2.)97 308.6 Q F1(Accept Any \(AA\))72 325.2 Q F0
(The router does not kno)97 338.2 Q 3(wo)-.3 G 3(fa)-3 G 3(na)-3 G(cti)
-3 E .36 -.18(ve B)-.3 H(SR, and will accept the \214rst Bootstrap).18 E
(message it sees as gi)97 351.2 Q(ving the ne)-.3 E 3(wB)-.3 G(SR')-3 E
3(si)-.66 G(dentity and the RP-Set.)-3 E F1(Accept Pr)72 367.8 Q(eferr)
-.216 E(ed \(AP\))-.216 E F0(The router kno)97 380.8 Q
(ws the identity of the current BSR, and is using the RP-Set pro)-.3 E
(vided)-.18 E(by that BSR.)97 393.8 Q
(Only Bootstrap messages from that BSR or from a C-BSR with higher)6 E
(weight than the current BSR will be accepted.)97 406.8 Q
(In addition to the three states, there are tw)72 423.4 Q 3(ot)-.12 G
(imers:)-3 E 7.8<8354>72 440 S(he Bootstrap T)-7.8 E
(imer \(BST\) - used to time out old bootstrap router information.)-.42
E 7.8<8354>72 456.6 S(he Scope-Zone Expiry T)-7.8 E
(imer \(SZT\) - used to time out the scope zone itself if)-.42 E
(Bootstrap messages specifying this scope zone stop arri)84 469.6 Q
(ving.)-.3 E
(The initial state for scope zones about which the router has no kno)72
486.2 Q(wledge is "NoInfo".)-.3 E
(The state machine used for scopes which ha)72 502.8 Q .36 -.18(ve b)
-.24 H(een con\214gured e).18 E(xplicitly on the router)-.18 E
(and for the global scope, which al)72 515.8 Q -.12(wa)-.12 G(ys e).12 E
(xists, dif)-.18 E(fers from the state machine abo)-.3 E .36 -.18(ve a)
-.18 H(s).18 E(follo)72 528.8 Q(ws.)-.3 E 20.8<8354>72 545.4 S
(he "NoInfo" state doesn')-20.8 E 3(te)-.216 G(xist.)-3.18 E 20.8<834e>
72 562 S 3(oS)-20.8 G(ZT is maintained.)-3 E(Hence, the e)6 E -.18(ve)
-.3 G(nt "Scope-Zone Expiry T).18 E(imer Expires" does)-.42 E(not e)97
575 Q(xist and no actions with re)-.18 E -.06(ga)-.18 G
(rd to this timer are e).06 E -.18(xe)-.18 G(cuted.).18 E
(The initial state for this state machine is "Accept An)72 591.6 Q(y".)
-.18 E F1 3(3.1.3. Bootstrap)72 617.6 R(Message Pr)3 E(ocessing Checks)
-.216 E F0(When a Bootstrap message is recei)72 634.2 Q -.18(ve)-.3 G
(d, the follo).18 E(wing initial checks must be performed:)-.3 E
(Bhaskar/Gall/Ling)72 769 Q(ard/V)-.06 E 168.948(enaas Section)-1.332 F
3(3.1.3. [P)3 F(age 12])-.18 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 12/Times-Roman@0 SF(INTERNET)72 49 Q 55.458(-DRAFT Expires:)-1.104 F
(February 2008)3 E(August 2007)97.674 E/F1 12/Courier@0 SF
(if \(\(DirectlyConnected\(BSM.src_ip_address\) == FALSE\) OR)72 85 Q
(\(we have no Hello state for BSM.src_ip_address\)\) {)108 98 Q
(drop the Bootstrap message silently)86.4 111 Q(})72 124 Q
(if \(BSM.dst_ip_address == ALL-PIM-ROUTERS\) {)72 150 Q
(if \(BSM.no_forward_bit == 0\) {)86.4 163 Q
(if \(BSM.src_ip_address != RPF_neighbor\(BSM.BSR_ip_address\)\) {)100.8
176 Q(drop the Bootstrap message silently)115.2 189 Q(})100.8 202 Q 7.2
(}e)86.4 215 S
(lse if \(\(any previous BSM for this scope has been accepted\) OR)-7.2
E(\(more than BS_Period has elapsed since startup\)\) {)165.6 228 Q(#)
100.8 241 Q F0(only accept no-forw)A
(ard BSM if quick refresh on startup)-.12 E F1
(drop the Bootstrap message silently)100.8 254 Q(})86.4 267 Q 7.2(}e)72
280 S(lse if \(\(Unicast BSM support enabled\) AND)-7.2 E
(\(BSM.dst_ip_address is one of my addresses\)\) {)151.2 293 Q
(if \(\(any previous BSM for this scope has been accepted\) OR)86.4 306
Q(\(more than BS_Period has elapsed since startup\)\) {)115.2 319 Q(#)
100.8 332 Q F0(the pack)A(et w)-.12 E(as unicast, b)-.12 E(ut this w)
-.24 E(asn')-.12 E(t)-.216 E F1(#)100.8 345 Q F0 3(aq)C
(uick refresh on startup)-3 E F1(drop the Bootstrap message silently)
100.8 358 Q(})86.4 371 Q 7.2(}e)72 384 S(lse {)-7.2 E
(drop the Bootstrap message silently)86.4 397 Q(})72 410 Q
(if \(the interface the message arrived on is an Admin Scope)72 436 Q
(border for the BSM.first_group_address\) {)100.8 449 Q
(drop the Bootstrap message silently)86.4 462 Q(})72 475 Q F0(Basically)
72 494 Q 3(,t)-.78 G(he pack)-3 E(et must ha)-.12 E .36 -.18(ve c)-.24 H
(ome from a directly connected neighbor for which we).18 E(ha)72 507 Q
.36 -.18(ve a)-.24 H(cti).18 E .36 -.18(ve H)-.3 H(ello state.).18 E
(It must ha)6 E .36 -.18(ve b)-.24 H(een sent to the ALL-PIM-R).18 E
(OUTERS group, and)-.48 E(unless it is a No-F)72 520 Q(orw)-.18 E
(ard BSM, been sent by the correct upstream router to)-.12 E -.12(wa)-.3
G(rds the BSR).12 E(that originated the Bootstrap message; or)72 533 Q 3
(,i)-.48 G 3(fi)-3 G 3(ti)-3 G 3(saN)-3 G(o-F)-3 E(orw)-.18 E
(ard BSM, we must ha)-.12 E -.18(ve)-.24 G(recently restarted and ha)72
546 Q .36 -.18(ve n)-.24 H 3(oB).18 G(SR state for that admin scope.)-3
E(Also, if unicast BSM)6 E(support is enabled, a unicast BSM is accepte\
d if it is addressed to us and we ha)72 559 Q .36 -.18(ve r)-.24 H
(ecently).18 E(restarted and ha)72 572 Q .36 -.18(ve n)-.24 H 3(oB).18 G
(SR state for that admin scope.)-3 E(In addition, it must not ha)6 E
-.18(ve)-.24 G(arri)72 585 Q -.18(ve)-.3 G 3(do).18 G 3(na)-3 G 3(ni)-3
G(nterf)-3 E(ace that is a con\214gured admin scope border for the \214\
rst group address)-.12 E(contained in the Bootstrap message.)72 598 Q/F2
12/Times-Bold@0 SF 3(3.1.4. State)72 624 R(Machine T)3 E(ransition Ev)
-.888 E(ents)-.12 E F0
(If the Bootstrap message passes the initial checks abo)72 640.6 Q .36
-.18(ve w)-.18 H(ithout being discarded, then it).18 E
(may cause a state transition e)72 653.6 Q -.18(ve)-.3 G
(nt in one of the abo).18 E .36 -.18(ve s)-.18 H(tate machines.).18 E
-.18(Fo)6 G 3(rb).18 G(oth candidate)-3 E
(and non-candidate BSRs, the follo)72 666.6 Q(wing transition e)-.3 E
-.18(ve)-.3 G(nts are de\214ned:).18 E F2(Recei)97 683.2 Q .24 -.12
(ve P)-.12 H -.216(re).12 G(ferr).216 E(ed BSM)-.216 E F0 3(AB)122 696.2
S(ootstrap message is recei)-3 E -.18(ve)-.3 G 3(df).18 G
(rom a BSR that has higher or equal weight)-3 E(than the current BSR.)
122 709.2 Q(If a router is in P-BSR state, then it uses its o)6 E
(wn weight)-.3 E(as that of the current BSR.)122 722.2 Q
(Bhaskar/Gall/Ling)72 769 Q(ard/V)-.06 E 168.948(enaas Section)-1.332 F
3(3.1.4. [P)3 F(age 13])-.18 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 12/Times-Roman@0 SF(INTERNET)72 49 Q 55.458(-DRAFT Expires:)-1.104 F
(February 2008)3 E(August 2007)97.674 E 3(AB)122 85 S(ootstrap message \
is also preferred if it is from the current BSR with a)-3 E(lo)122 98 Q
(wer weight than the pre)-.3 E(vious BSM it sent, pro)-.3 E
(vided that if the router is a)-.18 E(Candidate BSR the current BSR sti\
ll has a weight higher or equal than the)122 111 Q(router itself.)122
124 Q(In this case, the "Current Bootstrap Router')6 E 3(sB)-.66 G
(SR Priority" state)-3 E(must be updated.)122 137 Q(\(F)6 E(or lo)-.18 E
(wer weight, see Non-preferred BSM from Elected)-.3 E(BSR case.\))122
150 Q(The weight of a BSR is de\214ned to be the concatenation in \214x)
122 176 Q(ed-precision)-.18 E(unsigned arithmetic of the BSR Priority \
\214eld from the Bootstrap message and)122 189 Q(the IP address of the \
BSR from the Bootstrap message \(with the BSR Priority)122 202 Q(taking\
the most-signi\214cant bits and the IP address taking the least signi\
\214cant)122 215 Q(bits\).)122 228 Q/F1 12/Times-Bold@0 SF(Recei)97
244.6 Q .24 -.12(ve N)-.12 H(on-pr).12 E(eferr)-.216 E(ed BSM)-.216 E F0
3(AB)122 257.6 S(ootstrap message is recei)-3 E -.18(ve)-.3 G 3(df).18 G
(rom a BSR other than the current BSR that)-3 E(has lo)122 270.6 Q
(wer weight than the current BSR.)-.3 E
(If a router is in P-BSR state, then it)6 E(uses its o)122 283.6 Q
(wn weight as that of the current BSR.)-.3 E F1(Recei)97 300.2 Q .24
-.12(ve N)-.12 H(on-pr).12 E(eferr)-.216 E(ed BSM fr)-.216 E
(om Elected BSR)-.216 E F0 3(AB)122 313.2 S(ootstrap message is recei)-3
E -.18(ve)-.3 G 3(df).18 G(rom the elected BSR, b)-3 E
(ut the BSR Priority)-.24 E(\214eld in the recei)122 326.2 Q -.18(ve)-.3
G 3(dm).18 G(essage has changed, so that no)-3 E 3(wt)-.3 G
(he currently elected)-3 E(BSR has lo)122 339.2 Q
(wer weight than the router itself.)-.3 E F1(Recei)97 355.8 Q .24 -.12
(ve B)-.12 H(SM).12 E F0 3(AB)122 368.8 S(ootstrap message is recei)-3 E
-.18(ve)-.3 G(d, re).18 E -.06(ga)-.18 G(rdless of BSR weight.).06 E(In\
addition to state machine transitions caused by the receipt of Bootstr\
ap messages, a)72 385.4 Q(state machine transition tak)72 398.4 Q
(es place each time the Bootstrap T)-.12 E(imer or Scope-Zone Expiry)
-.42 E -.42(Ti)72 411.4 S(mer e).42 E(xpires.)-.18 E F1 3(3.1.5. State)
72 437.4 R(Machine Actions)3 E F0(The state machines specify actions th\
at include setting the Bootstrap T)72 454 Q(imer and the)-.42 E
(Scope-Zone Expiry T)72 467 Q(imer to v)-.42 E(arious v)-.3 E 3
(alues. These)-.3 F -.3(va)3 G(lues are de\214ned in Section 5.).3 E
(In addition to setting and cancelling the timers, the follo)72 483.6 Q
(wing actions may be triggered by)-.3 E
(state changes in the state machines:)72 496.6 Q F1 -.3(Fo)97 513.2 S
(rward BSM).3 E F0 3(Am)122 526.2 S
(ulticast Bootstrap message with No-F)-3 E(orw)-.18 E
(ard bit cleared that passes the)-.12 E
(Bootstrap Message Processing Checks is forw)122 539.2 Q
(arded out of all interf)-.12 E(aces with)-.12 E
(PIM neighbors \(including the interf)122 552.2 Q(ace it is recei)-.12 E
-.18(ve)-.3 G 3(do).18 G(n\), e)-3 E(xcept where this)-.18 E -.12(wo)122
565.2 S
(uld cause the BSM to cross an admin-scope boundary for the scope zone)
.12 E(indicated in the message.)122 578.2 Q -.18(Fo)6 G 3(rd).18 G
(etails, see section 3.4.)-3 E F1(Originate BSM)97 607.8 Q F0 3(An)122
620.8 S .6 -.3(ew B)-3 H(ootstrap message is constructed by the BSR, gi)
.3 E(ving the BSR')-.3 E 3(sa)-.66 G(ddress)-3 E(and BSR priority)122
633.8 Q 3(,a)-.78 G(nd containing the BSR')-3 E 3(sc)-.66 G
(hosen RP-Set.)-3 E(The message is)6 E(forw)122 646.8 Q
(arded out of all interf)-.12 E(aces on which PIM neighbors e)-.12 E
(xist, e)-.18 E(xcept where)-.18 E(this w)122 659.8 Q
(ould cause the BSM to cross an admin-scope boundary for the scope)-.12
E(zone indicated in the message.)122 672.8 Q F1(Stor)97 689.4 Q 3(eR)
-.216 G(P-Set)-3 E F0(The router uses the group-to-RP mappings containe\
d in a BSM to update its)122 702.4 Q(local RP-Set.)122 715.4 Q
(Bhaskar/Gall/Ling)72 769 Q(ard/V)-.06 E 168.948(enaas Section)-1.332 F
3(3.1.5. [P)3 F(age 14])-.18 E 0 Cg EP
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(February 2008)3 E(August 2007)97.674 E
(This action is skipped for an empty BSM.)122 85 Q 3(AB)6 G
(SM is empty if it contains no)-3 E(group ranges, or if it only contain\
s a single group range where that group range)122 98 Q(has the Admin Sc\
ope Zone bit set \(a scoped BSM\) and an RP count of zero.)122 111 Q
(If a mapping does not yet e)122 137 Q
(xist, it is created and the associated Group-to-RP)-.18 E
(mapping Expiry T)122 150 Q
(imer \(GET\) is initialized with the holdtime from the BSM.)-.42 E
(If a mapping already e)122 176 Q
(xists, its GET is set to the holdtime from the BSM.)-.18 E(If)6 E
(the holdtime is zero, the mapping is remo)122 189 Q -.18(ve)-.18 G 3
(di).18 G(mmediately)-3 E 6(.N)-.78 G(ote that for an)-6 E -.18(ex)122
202 S(isting mapping, the RP priority must be updated if changed.).18 E
(Mappings for a group range are also to be immediately remo)122 228 Q
-.18(ve)-.18 G 3(di).18 G 3(ft)-3 G(he)-3 E 3(ya)-.18 G(re not)-3 E
(present in the recei)122 241 Q -.18(ve)-.3 G 3(dg).18 G(roup range.)-3
E(This means that if there are an)6 E 3(ye)-.18 G(xisting)-3.18 E
(Group-to-RP mappings for a range where the respecti)122 254 Q .36 -.18
(ve R)-.3 H(Ps are not in the).18 E(recei)122 267 Q -.18(ve)-.3 G 3(dr)
.18 G(ange, then those mappings must be remo)-3 E -.18(ve)-.18 G(d.).18
E(All RP mappings associated with the scope zone of the BSM are updated\
with)122 293 Q(the ne)122 306 Q 3(wh)-.3 G
(ash mask length from the recei)-3 E -.18(ve)-.3 G 3(dB).18 G 3
(SM. This)-3 F(includes RP mappings)3 E(for all group ranges learned fo\
r this zone, not just the ranges in this particular)122 319 Q(BSM.)122
332 Q(In addition, the entire BSM is stored for use in the action Refre\
sh RP-Set and)122 358 Q(to prime a ne)122 371 Q 3(wP)-.3 G
(IM neighbor as described belo)-3 E -.78(w.)-.3 G/F1 12/Times-Bold@0 SF
(Refr)97 387.6 Q(esh RP-Set)-.216 E F0(When the Bootstrap T)122 400.6 Q
(imer e)-.42 E(xpires, the router uses the cop)-.18 E 3(yo)-.12 G 3(ft)
-3 G(he last BSM)-3 E(that it has recei)122 413.6 Q -.18(ve)-.3 G 3(dt)
.18 G 3(or)-3 G
(efresh its RP-Set according to the action Store RP-Set as)-3 E
(if it had just recei)122 426.6 Q -.18(ve)-.3 G 3(di).18 G 3(t. This)-3
F(will increase the chance that the group-to-RP)3 E(mappings will not e)
122 439.6 Q(xpire during the election of the ne)-.18 E 3(wB)-.3 G(SR.)-3
E F1(Remo)97 456.2 Q .24 -.12(ve B)-.12 H(SR state).12 E F0
(When the Bootstrap T)122 469.2 Q(imer e)-.42 E
(xpires, all state associated with the current BSR is)-.18 E(remo)122
482.2 Q -.18(ve)-.18 G 3(d\().18 G(address, priority)-3 E 3(,B)-.78 G
(ST and sa)-3 E -.18(ve)-.24 G 3(dl).18 G(ast BSM, see section 2\).)-3 E
(Note that)6 E(this does not include an)122 495.2 Q 3(yg)-.18 G
(roup-to-RP mappings.)-3 E F1(Remo)97 511.8 Q .24 -.12(ve s)-.12 H
(cope zone state).12 E F0(When the Scop-Zone Expiry T)122 524.8 Q
(imer e)-.42 E(xpires, all state associated with the scope)-.18 E
(zone is remo)122 537.8 Q -.18(ve)-.18 G 3(d\().18 G(see section 2\).)-3
E F1(3.2.)72 563.8 Q/F2 14/Times-Bold@0 SF(Sending Candidate-RP-Adv)6 E
(ertisement Messages)-.14 E F0(Ev)72 580.4 Q(ery C-RP periodically unic\
asts a C-RP-Adv message to the BSR for each scope zone)-.18 E
(for which it has state, to inform the BSR of the C-RP')72 593.4 Q 3(sw)
-.66 G(illingness to function as an RP)-3 E(.)-1.332 E
(These messages are sent with an interv)72 606.4 Q
(al of C_RP_Adv_Period, e)-.3 E(xcept when a ne)-.18 E 3(wB)-.3 G(SR)-3
E(is elected, see belo)72 619.4 Q -.78(w.)-.3 G(When a ne)72 636 Q 3(wB)
-.3 G(SR is elected, the C-RP MUST send one to three C-RP-Adv messages,)
-3 E -.12(wa)72 649 S(iting a small randomized period C_RP_Adv_Back).12
E(of)-.12 E 3(fb)-.3 G(efore sending each message.)-3 E 1.92 -.96(We r)
72 662 T(ecommend sending three messages because it is important that t\
he BSR quickly).96 E(learns which RPs are acti)72 675 Q -.18(ve)-.3 G 3
(,a).18 G(nd some pack)-3 E(et loss may occur when a ne)-.12 E 3(wB)-.3
G(SR is elected)-3 E(due to changes in the netw)72 688 Q 3(ork. One)-.12
F -.12(wa)3 G 3(yo).12 G 3(fi)-3 G
(mplementing this is to set the CRPT to)-3 E(C_RP_Adv_Back)72 701 Q(of)
-.12 E 3(fw)-.3 G(hen the ne)-3 E 3(wB)-.3 G
(SR is elected, as well as setting a counter to 2.)-3 E(Whene)72 714 Q
-.18(ve)-.3 G 3(rt).18 G(he CRPT e)-3 E
(xpires, we \214rst send a C-RP-Adv message as usual.)-.18 E(Ne)6 E
(xt, if the)-.18 E(Bhaskar/Gall/Ling)72 769 Q(ard/V)-.06 E 177.948
(enaas Section)-1.332 F 3(3.2. [P)3 F(age 15])-.18 E 0 Cg EP
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(February 2008)3 E(August 2007)97.674 E
(counter is non-zero, it is decremented and the CRPT is ag)72 85 Q
(ain set to C_RP_Adv_Back)-.06 E(of)-.12 E(f)-.3 E
(instead of C_RP_Adv_Period.)72 98 Q(The Priority \214eld in these mess\
ages is used by the BSR to select which C-RPs to include)72 114.6 Q
(in the RP-Set.)72 127.6 Q(Note that lo)6 E(wer v)-.3 E
(alues of this \214eld indicate higher priorities, so that a)-.3 E -.3
(va)72 140.6 S(lue of zero is the highest possible priority).3 E 6(.C)
-.78 G(-RPs should by def)-6 E(ault send C-RP-Adv)-.12 E
(messages with the Priority \214eld set to 192.)72 153.6 Q
(When a C-RP is being shut do)72 170.2 Q
(wn, it SHOULD immediately send a C-RP-Adv message to)-.3 E(the BSR for\
each scope zone for which it is currently serving as an RP; the Holdti\
me in)72 183.2 Q(this C-RP-Adv message should be zero.)72 196.2 Q
(The BSR will then immediately time out the C-)6 E(RP and generate a ne)
72 209.2 Q 3(wB)-.3 G(ootstrap message with the shut do)-3 E
(wn RP holdtime set to 0.)-.3 E 3(AC)72 225.8 S(-RP-Adv message carries\
a list of group address and group mask \214eld pairs.)-3 E(This)6 E(en\
ables the C-RP to specify the group ranges for which it is willing to b\
e the RP)72 238.8 Q 6(.I)-1.332 G 3(ft)-6 G(he)-3 E(C-RP becomes an RP)
72 251.8 Q 3(,i)-1.332 G 3(tm)-3 G
(ay enforce this scope acceptance when recei)-3 E(ving Re)-.3 E
(gister or)-.18 E(Join/Prune messages.)72 264.8 Q 3(AC)72 281.4 S(-RP i\
s con\214gured with a list of group ranges for which it should adv)-3 E
(ertise itself as the)-.18 E(C-RP)72 294.4 Q 6(.A)-1.332 G
(C-RP uses the follo)-3 E
(wing algorithm to determine which ranges to send to a gi)-.3 E -.18(ve)
-.3 G(n).18 E(BSR.)72 307.4 Q -.18(Fo)72 324 S 3(re).18 G
(ach group range R in the list, the C-RP adv)-3 E
(ertises that range to the scoped BSR for)-.18 E
(the smallest scope that "contains" R.)72 337 Q -.18(Fo)6 G 3(rI).18 G
(Pv6, the containing scope is determined by)-3 E(matching the scope ide\
nti\214er of the group range with the scope of the BSR.)72 350 Q -.18
(Fo)6 G 3(rI).18 G(Pv4, it)-3 E
(is the longest-pre\214x match for R, amongst the kno)72 363 Q
(wn admin-scope ranges.)-.3 E(If no scope is)6 E(found to contain the g\
roup range the C-RP includes it in the C-RP-Adv sent to the non-)72 376
Q(scoped BSR.)72 389 Q(If a non-scoped BSR is not kno)6 E
(wn, the range is not included in an)-.3 E 3(yC)-.18 G(-RP-)-3 E(Adv)72
402 Q(.)-.78 E(In addition, for each IPv4 group range R in the list, fo\
r each scoped BSR whose scope)72 418.6 Q
(range is strictly contained within R, the C-RP SHOULD by def)72 431.6 Q
(ault adv)-.12 E(ertise that BSR')-.18 E(s)-.66 E
(scope range to that BSR.)72 444.6 Q
(And for each IPv6 group range R in the list with pre\214x length <)6 E
(16, the C-RP SHOULD by def)72 457.6 Q(ault adv)-.12 E
(ertise each sub-range of pre\214x length 16 to the)-.18 E
(scoped BSR with the corresponding scope ID.)72 470.6 Q
(An implementation MA)6 E 3(Ys)-1.26 G(upply a)-3 E
(con\214guration option to pre)72 483.6 Q -.18(ve)-.3 G(nt the beha).18
E(vior described in this paragraph, b)-.24 E(ut such an)-.24 E
(option SHOULD be disabled by def)72 496.6 Q(ault.)-.12 E -.18(Fo)72
513.2 S 3(rI).18 G(Pv6, the mask length of all group ranges included in\
the C-RP-Adv message sent to)-3 E 3(as)72 526.2 S
(coped BSR MUST be >= 16.)-3 E(If the abo)72 542.8 Q .36 -.18(ve a)-.18
H(lgorithm determines that there are no group ranges to adv).18 E
(ertise to the BSR)-.18 E
(for a particular scope zone, a C-RP-Adv message MUST NO)72 555.8 Q 3
(Tb)-.48 G 3(es)-3 G(ent to that BSR.)-3 E 3(AC)6 G(-)-3 E(RP MUST NO)72
568.8 Q 3(Ts)-.48 G(end a C-RP-Adv message with no group ranges in it.)
-3 E(If the same router is the BSR for more than one scope zone, the C-\
RP-Adv messages for)72 585.4 Q(these scope zones MA)72 598.4 Q 3(Yb)
-1.26 G 3(ec)-3 G(ombined into a single message.)-3 E(If the C-RP is a \
ZBR for an admin scope zone, then the Admin Scope Zone bit MUST be)72
615 Q(set in the C-RP-Adv messages it sends for that scope zone; otherw\
ise this bit MUST NO)72 628 Q(T)-.48 E(be set.)72 641 Q(This informatio\
n is currently only used for logging purposes by the BSR, b)6 E(ut)-.24
E(might allo)72 654 Q 3(wf)-.3 G(or future e)-3 E
(xtensions of the protocol.)-.18 E/F1 12/Times-Bold@0 SF(3.3.)72 680 Q
/F2 14/Times-Bold@0 SF(Cr)6 E(eating the RP-Set at the BSR)-.252 E F0
(Upon recei)72 696.6 Q(ving a C-RP-Adv message, the router needs to dec\
ide whether or not to accept)-.3 E
(each of the group ranges included in the message.)72 709.6 Q -.18(Fo)6
G 3(re).18 G(ach group range in the message,)-3 E
(the router checks to see if it is the elected BSR for an)72 722.6 Q 3
(ys)-.18 G(cope zone that contains the group)-3 E(Bhaskar/Gall/Ling)72
769 Q(ard/V)-.06 E 177.948(enaas Section)-1.332 F 3(3.3. [P)3 F(age 16])
-.18 E 0 Cg EP
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(February 2008)3 E(August 2007)97.674 E
(range, or if it is elected as the non-scoped BSR.)72 85 Q
(If so, the group range is accepted; if not,)6 E
(the group range is ignored.)72 98 Q -.18(Fo)72 114.6 S 3(rs).18 G
(ecurity reasons, we recommend that implementations ha)-3 E .36 -.18
(ve a w)-.24 H(ay of restricting).06 E(which IP addresses the BSR accep\
ts C-RP-Adv messages from, e.g., access lists.)72 127.6 Q -.18(Fo)6 G 3
(ru).18 G(se)-3 E(of scoped BSR, it may also be useful to specify which\
group ranges should be accepted.)72 140.6 Q(If the group range is acce\
pted, a group-to-C-RP mapping is created for this group range)72 157.2 Q
(and the RP Address from the C-RP-Adv message.)72 170.2 Q(If the mappin\
g is not already part of the C-RP-Set, it is added to the C-RP-Set and \
the)72 186.8 Q(associated Group-to-C-RP mapping Expiry T)72 199.8 Q
(imer \(CGET\) is initialized to the holdtime)-.42 E
(from the C-RP-Adv message.)72 212.8 Q
(Its priority is set to the Priority from the C-RP-Adv)6 E(message.)72
225.8 Q(If the mapping is already part of the C-RP-Set, it is updated w\
ith the Priority from the C-)72 242.4 Q(RP-Adv message and its associat\
ed CGET is reset to the holdtime from the C-RP-Adv)72 255.4 Q 3
(message. If)72 268.4 R
(the holdtime is zero, the mapping is immediately remo)3 E -.18(ve)-.18
G 3(df).18 G(rom the C-RP-)-3 E(Set.)72 281.4 Q(The hash mask length is\
a global property of the BSR and is therefore the same for all)72 298 Q
(mappings managed by the BSR.)72 311 Q -.18(Fo)72 327.6 S 3(rc).18 G
(ompatibility with the pre)-3 E(vious v)-.3 E
(ersion of the BSR speci\214cation, a C-RP-Adv)-.18 E(message with no g\
roup ranges SHOULD be treated as though it contained the single)72 340.6
Q(group range f)72 353.6 Q(f00::/8 or 224/4.)-.3 E
(Therefore, according to the rule abo)6 E -.18(ve)-.18 G 3(,t).18 G
(his group range)-3 E(will be accepted if and only if the router is ele\
cted as the non-scoped BSR.)72 366.6 Q(When a CGET e)72 383.2 Q
(xpires, the corresponding group-to-C-RP mapping is remo)-.18 E -.18(ve)
-.18 G 3(df).18 G(rom the)-3 E(C-RP-Set.)72 396.2 Q
(The BSR constructs the RP-Set from the C-RP-Set.)72 412.8 Q
(It may apply a local polic)6 E 3(yt)-.18 G 3(ol)-3 G(imit)-3 E
(the number of Candidate-RPs included in the RP-Set.)72 425.8 Q
(The BSR may o)6 E -.18(ve)-.18 G(rride the range).18 E(indicated in a \
C-RP-Adv message unless the `Priority' \214eld from the C-RP-Adv messag\
e)72 438.8 Q(is less than 128.)72 451.8 Q(If the BSR learns of both BID\
IR and PIM-SM Candidate-RPs for the same group range,)72 468.4 Q(the BS\
R MUST only include RPs for one of the protocols in the BSMs. The def)72
481.4 Q(ault)-.12 E(beha)72 494.4 Q(vior SHOULD be to prefer BIDIR.)-.24
E -.18(Fo)72 511 S 3(ri).18 G(nclusion in a BSM, the RP-Set is subdi)-3
E(vided into sets of {group-range, RP-Count,)-.3 E 3(RP-addresses}. F)72
524 R
(or each RP-address, the "RP-Holdtime" \214eld is set to the Holdtime)
-.18 E(from the C-RP-Set, subject to the constraint that it MUST be lar)
72 537 Q(ger than BS_Period and)-.216 E(SHOULD be lar)72 550 Q
(ger than 2.5 times BS_Period to allo)-.216 E 3(wf)-.3 G
(or some Bootstrap messages)-3 E(getting lost.)72 563 Q(If some holdtim\
es from the C-RP-Sets do not satisfy this constraint, the BSR)6 E
(MUST replace those holdtimes with a v)72 576 Q
(alue satisfying the constraint.)-.3 E(An e)6 E(xception to)-.18 E
(this is the holdtime of zero which is used to immediately withdra)72
589 Q 3(wm)-.18 G(appings.)-3 E
(The format of the Bootstrap message allo)72 605.6 Q
(ws `semantic fragmentation', if the length of the)-.3 E
(original Bootstrap message e)72 618.6 Q(xceeds the pack)-.18 E
(et maximum boundaries.)-.12 E(Ho)6 E(we)-.3 E -.18(ve)-.3 G .96 -.48
(r, w).18 H(e).48 E(recommend ag)72 631.6 Q(ainst con\214guring a lar)
-.06 E(ge number of routers as C-RPs, to reduce the)-.216 E
(semantic fragmentation required.)72 644.6 Q
(In general BSMs are originated at re)72 661.2 Q(gular interv)-.18 E
(als according to the BS_Period timer)-.3 E 6(.W)-.66 G(e)-6.96 E
(do recommend that a BSM is also originated whene)72 674.2 Q -.18(ve)-.3
G 3(rt).18 G(he RP-set to be announced in the)-3 E(BSMs changes.)72
687.2 Q(This will usually happen when recei)6 E(ving C-RP adv)-.3 E
(ertisements from a)-.18 E(ne)72 700.2 Q 3(wC)-.3 G(-RP)-3 E 3(,o)-1.332
G 3(rw)-3 G(hen a C-RP is shut do)-3 E(wn \(C-RP adv)-.3 E
(ertisement with a holdtime of zero\).)-.18 E(There MUST ho)72 713.2 Q
(we)-.3 E -.18(ve)-.3 G 3(rb).18 G 3(eam)-3 G(inimum of BS_Min_Interv)-3
E(al between each time a BSM is)-.3 E(Bhaskar/Gall/Ling)72 769 Q(ard/V)
-.06 E 177.948(enaas Section)-1.332 F 3(3.3. [P)3 F(age 17])-.18 E 0 Cg
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/F0 12/Times-Roman@0 SF(INTERNET)72 49 Q 55.458(-DRAFT Expires:)-1.104 F
(February 2008)3 E(August 2007)97.674 E 3(sent. In)72 85 R(particular)3
E 3(,w)-.48 G(hen a ne)-3 E 3(wB)-.3 G
(SR is elected, it will \214rst send one BSM \(which is lik)-3 E(ely)
-.12 E(to be empty since it has not yet recei)72 98 Q -.18(ve)-.3 G 3
(da).18 G .36 -.18(ny C)-3 H(-RP adv).18 E(ertisements\), and then w)
-.18 E(ait at least)-.12 E(BS_Min_Interv)72 111 Q
(al before sending a ne)-.3 E 3(wo)-.3 G 3(ne. During)-3 F
(that time, it is lik)3 E(ely to ha)-.12 E .36 -.18(ve r)-.24 H(ecei).18
E -.18(ve)-.3 G(d).18 E(C-RP adv)72 124 Q(ertisements from all usable C\
-RPs \(since we say that a C-RP should send one or)-.18 E(more adv)72
137 Q(ertisements with small random delays of C_RP_Adv_Back)-.18 E(of)
-.12 E 3(fw)-.3 G(hen a ne)-3 E 3(wB)-.3 G(SR)-3 E(is elected\).)72 150
Q -.18(Fo)6 G 3(rt).18 G(his case in particular)-3 E 3(,w)-.48 G
(here routers may not ha)-3 E .36 -.18(ve a u)-.24 H(sable RP-set, we)
.18 E(recommend originating a BSM as soon as BS_Min_Interv)72 163 Q
(al has passed.)-.3 E 1.92 -.96(We s)6 H(uggest).96 E
(though that a BSR can do this in general.)72 176 Q(One w)6 E
(ay of implementing this, is to decrease)-.12 E(the Bootstrap T)72 189 Q
(imer to BS_Min_Interv)-.42 E(al whene)-.3 E -.18(ve)-.3 G 3(rt).18 G
(he RP-set changes, while not)-3 E
(changing the timer if it is less or equal to BS_Min_Interv)72 202 Q
(al.)-.3 E 3(AB)72 218.6 S(SR originates separate scoped BSMs for each \
scope zone for which it is the elected)-3 E(BSR, as well as originating\
non-scoped BSMs if it is the elected non-scoped BSR.)72 231.6 Q(Each g\
roup-to-C-RP mapping is included in precisely one of these BSM, namely \
the)72 248.2 Q(scoped BSM for the narro)72 261.2 Q
(west scope containing the group range of the mapping, if an)-.3 E -.78
(y,)-.18 G(or the non-scoped BSM otherwise.)72 274.2 Q 3(As)72 290.8 S
(coped BSM MUST ha)-3 E .36 -.18(ve a)-.24 H 3(tl).18 G
(east one group range, and the \214rst group range in a)-3 E
(scoped BSM MUST ha)72 303.8 Q .36 -.18(ve t)-.24 H
(he "Admin Scope Zone" bit set.).18 E(This group range identi\214es)6 E
(the scope of the BSM.)72 316.8 Q
(In a scoped IPv4 BSM, the \214rst group range is the range)6 E
(corresponding to the scope of the BSM.)72 329.8 Q
(In a scoped IPv6 BSM, the \214rst group range)6 E(may be an)72 342.8 Q
3(yg)-.18 G(roup range subject to the general condition that all the gr\
oup ranges in such)-3 E 3(aB)72 355.8 S(SM MUST ha)-3 E .36 -.18(ve a m)
-.24 H(ask length of at least 16 and MUST ha).18 E .36 -.18(ve t)-.24 H
(he same scope ID as).18 E(the scope of the BSM.)72 368.8 Q(Apart from \
identifying the scope, the \214rst group range in a scoped BSM is treat\
ed lik)72 385.4 Q(e)-.12 E(an)72 398.4 Q 3(yo)-.18 G
(ther range with respect to RP mappings.)-3 E
(I.e., all mappings in the RP-set for this)6 E(group range, if an)72
411.4 Q 1.56 -.78(y, m)-.18 H
(ust be included in this \214rst group range in the BSM.).78 E
(After this)6 E(group range, other group ranges in this scope for which\
there are RP mappings appear in)72 424.4 Q(an)72 437.4 Q 3(yo)-.18 G
(rder)-3 E(.)-.66 E(The "Admin Scope Zone" bit of all group ranges othe\
r than the \214rst SHOULD be set to 0)72 454 Q
(on origination, and MUST be ignored on receipt.)72 467 Q
(When an elected BSR is being shut do)72 483.6 Q
(wn, it should immediately originate a Bootstrap)-.3 E
(message listing its current RP-Set, b)72 496.6 Q
(ut with the BSR Priority \214eld set to the lo)-.24 E(west)-.3 E
(priority v)72 509.6 Q(alue possible.)-.3 E
(This will cause the election of a ne)6 E 3(wB)-.3 G(SR to happen more)
-3 E(quickly)72 522.6 Q(.)-.78 E/F1 12/Times-Bold@0 SF(3.4.)72 548.6 Q
/F2 14/Times-Bold@0 SF -.35(Fo)6 G(rwarding Bootstrap Messages).35 E F0
(Generally)72 565.2 Q 3(,b)-.78 G
(ootstrap messages originate at the BSR, and are hop-by-hop forw)-3 E
(arded by)-.12 E(intermediate routers if the)72 578.2 Q 3(yp)-.18 G
(ass the Bootstrap Message Processing Checks.)-3 E(There are)6 E(tw)72
591.2 Q 3(oe)-.12 G(xceptions to this.)-3.18 E
(One is that a bootstrap message is not forw)6 E(arded if its No-)-.12 E
-.18(Fo)72 604.2 S(rw).18 E(ard bit is set, see 3.5.1.)-.12 E
(The other is that unicast BSMs, see 3.5.2, are usually not)6 E(forw)72
617.2 Q 3(arded. Implementers)-.12 F(MA)3 E 3.096 -1.548(Y, h)-1.26 H
-.3(ow)1.548 G -2.58 -.3(ev e).3 H .96 -.48(r, a).3 H 3(tt).48 G(heir o)
-3 E(wn discretion choose to re-send a No-)-.3 E -.18(Fo)72 630.2 S(rw)
.18 E(ard or unicast BSM in a multicast BSM which MUST ha)-.12 E .36
-.18(ve t)-.24 H(he No-F).18 E(orw)-.18 E(ard bit)-.12 E 3(cleared. It)
72 643.2 R(is essential that the No-F)3 E(orw)-.18 E
(ard bit is cleared, since no RPF check is)-.12 E
(performed by the recei)72 656.2 Q -.18(ve)-.3 G 3(rw).18 G(hen set.)-3
E(By hop-by-hop forw)72 672.8 Q
(arding, we mean that the bootstrap message itself is forw)-.12 E
(arded, not)-.12 E(the entire IP pack)72 685.8 Q 3(et. Each)-.12 F
(hop constructs an IP pack)3 E(et for each of the interf)-.12 E
(aces the BSM)-.12 E(is to be forw)72 698.8 Q(arded out of; each pack)
-.12 E(et containing the entire BSM that w)-.12 E(as recei)-.12 E -.18
(ve)-.3 G(d.).18 E(Bhaskar/Gall/Ling)72 769 Q(ard/V)-.06 E 177.948
(enaas Section)-1.332 F 3(3.4. [P)3 F(age 18])-.18 E 0 Cg EP
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(February 2008)3 E(August 2007)97.674 E
(When a Bootstrap message is forw)72 85 Q(arded, it is forw)-.12 E
(arded out of e)-.12 E -.18(ve)-.3 G(ry multicast-capable).18 E(interf)
72 98 Q(ace which has PIM neighbors \(including the one o)-.12 E -.18
(ve)-.18 G 3(rw).18 G(hich the message w)-3 E(as)-.12 E(recei)72 111 Q
-.18(ve)-.3 G 3(d\). The).18 F -.18(ex)3 G
(ception to this is if the interf).18 E(ace is an administrati)-.12 E
.36 -.18(ve s)-.3 H(cope boundary for).18 E(the admin scope zone indica\
ted in the \214rst group range in the Bootstrap message pack)72 124 Q
(et.)-.12 E(As an optimization, a router MA)72 140.6 Q 3(Yc)-1.26 G
(hoose not to forw)-3 E(ard a BSM out of the interf)-.12 E(ace the)-.12
E(message w)72 153.6 Q(as recei)-.12 E -.18(ve)-.3 G 3(do).18 G 3(ni)-3
G 3(ft)-3 G(hat interf)-3 E(ace is a point-to-point interf)-.12 E 3
(ace. On)-.12 F(interf)3 E(aces with)-.12 E
(multiple PIM neighbors, a router SHOULD forw)72 166.6 Q
(ard an accepted BSM onto the interf)-.12 E(ace)-.12 E(that BSM w)72
179.6 Q(as recei)-.12 E -.18(ve)-.3 G 3(do).18 G(n, b)-3 E
(ut if the number of PIM neighbors on that interf)-.24 E(ace is lar)-.12
E(ge,)-.216 E(it MA)72 192.6 Q 3(Yd)-1.26 G(elay forw)-3 E
(arding a BSM onto that interf)-.12 E(ace by a small randomized interv)
-.12 E(al to)-.3 E(pre)72 205.6 Q -.18(ve)-.3 G(nt message implosion.)
.18 E 3(Ac)6 G(on\214guration option MA)-3 E 3(Yb)-1.26 G 3(ep)-3 G(ro)
-3 E(vided to disable)-.18 E(forw)72 218.6 Q(arding onto the interf)-.12
E(ace a message w)-.12 E(as recei)-.12 E -.18(ve)-.3 G 3(do).18 G(n, b)
-3 E(ut we recommend that the)-.24 E(def)72 231.6 Q(ault beha)-.12 E
(vior is to forw)-.24 E(ard onto that interf)-.12 E(ace.)-.12 E/F1 12
/Times-Italic@0 SF(Rationale: A BSM needs to be forwar)72 248.2 Q
(ded onto the interface the messa)-.444 E .24 -.12(ge w)-.12 H(as r).12
E(eceived on)-.444 E
(\(in addition to the other interfaces\) because the r)72 261.2 Q(outer)
-.54 E 3(so)-.12 G 3(naL)-3 G(AN may not have)-3 E(consistent r)72 274.2
Q(outing information.)-.54 E(If thr)6 E(ee r)-.444 E(outer)-.54 E 3(so)
-.12 G 3(naL)-3 G(AN ar)-3 E 3(eA)-.444 G 3(,B)-3 G 3(,a)-3 G
(nd C, and at r)-3 E(outer B)-.54 E(RPF\(BSR\)==A and at r)72 287.2 Q
(outer C RPF\(BSR\)==B, then r)-.54 E(outer A originally forwar)-.54 E
(ds the)-.444 E(BSM onto the LAN, b)72 300.2 Q(ut r)-.24 E
(outer C will only accept it when r)-.54 E(outer B r)-.54 E(e-forwar)
-.444 E(ds the)-.444 E(messa)72 313.2 Q .24 -.12(ge o)-.12 H
(nto the LAN.).12 E(If the underlying r)6 E(outing pr)-.54 E
(otocol con\214gur)-.54 E(ation guar)-.18 E(antees that)-.18 E(the r)72
326.2 Q(outer)-.54 E 3(sh)-.12 G(ave consistent r)-3 E
(outing information, then forwar)-.54 E(ding onto the incoming)-.444 E
(interface may safely be disabled.)72 339.2 Q F0 3(AZ)72 355.8 S(BR con\
strains all BSMs which are of equal or smaller scope than the con\214gu\
red)-3 E(boundary)72 368.8 Q 6(.T)-.78 G
(hat is, the BSMs are not accepted from, originated or forw)-6 E
(arded on the)-.12 E(interf)72 381.8 Q
(aces on which the boundary is con\214gured.)-.12 E -.18(Fo)6 G 3(rI).18
G(Pv6 the check is a comparison)-3 E(between the scope of the \214rst r\
ange in the scoped BSM and the scope of the con\214gured)72 394.8 Q
(boundary)72 407.8 Q 6(.F)-.78 G
(or IPv4, the \214rst range in the scoped BSM is check)-6.18 E
(ed to see if it is contained)-.12 E
(in or is the same as the range of the con\214gured boundary)72 420.8 Q
(.)-.78 E/F2 12/Times-Bold@0 SF(3.5.)72 446.8 Q/F3 14/Times-Bold@0 SF
(Bootstrap Messages to New and Rebooting Routers)6 E F0 1.92 -.96(To a)
72 463.4 T(llo).96 E 3(wn)-.3 G .6 -.3(ew o)-3 H 3(rr).3 G
(ebooting routers to learn the RP-Set quickly)-3 E 3(,w)-.78 G
(hen a Hello message is)-3 E(recei)72 476.4 Q -.18(ve)-.3 G 3(df).18 G
(rom a ne)-3 E 3(wn)-.3 G(eighbor)-3 E 3(,o)-.48 G 3(raH)-3 G
(ello message with a ne)-3 E 3(wG)-.3 G(enID is recei)-3 E -.18(ve)-.3 G
3(df).18 G(rom an)-3 E -.18(ex)72 489.4 S(isting neighbor).18 E 3(,o)
-.48 G(ne router on the LAN sends a stored cop)-3 E 3(yo)-.12 G 3(ft)-3
G(he Bootstrap message)-3 E(for each admin scope zone to the ne)72 502.4
Q 3(wo)-.3 G 3(rr)-3 G(ebooting router)-3 E(.)-.66 E
(This message SHOULD be sent as a No-F)72 519 Q(orw)-.18 E
(ard Bootstrap message, see 3.5.1.)-.12 E -.18(Fo)6 G(r).18 E(backw)72
532 Q(ards compatibility)-.12 E 3(,t)-.78 G(his message MA)-3 E 3(Yi)
-1.26 G(nstead or in addition be sent as a Unicast)-3 E
(Bootstrap message, see 3.5.2.)72 545 Q
(These messages MUST only be accepted at startup, see)6 E(3.1.3.)72 558
Q(The router that does this is the Designated Router \(DR\) on the LAN,\
or)72 574.6 Q 3(,i)-.48 G 3(ft)-3 G(he ne)-3 E 3(wo)-.3 G(r)-3 E
(rebooting router is the DR, the router that w)72 587.6 Q
(ould be the DR if the ne)-.12 E 3(wo)-.3 G 3(rr)-3 G(ebooting router)-3
E(were e)72 600.6 Q(xcluded from the DR election process.)-.18 E
(Before sending a Bootstrap message in this manner)72 617.2 Q 3(,t)-.48
G(he router must w)-3 E(ait until it has sent)-.12 E 3(at)72 630.2 S
(riggered Hello message on this interf)-3 E(ace; otherwise, the ne)-.12
E 3(wn)-.3 G(eighbor will discard the)-3 E(Bootstrap message.)72 643.2 Q
F2 3(3.5.1. No-F)72 669.2 R(orward Bootstrap Messages)-.3 E F0 3(AN)72
685.8 S(o-F)-3 E(orw)-.18 E
(ard Bootstrap message, is a bootstrap message that has the No-F)-.12 E
(orw)-.18 E(ard bit)-.12 E 3(set. All)72 698.8 R
(implementations SHOULD support sending of No-F)3 E(orw)-.18 E
(ard Bootstrap messages,)-.12 E(and SHOULD also accept them.)72 711.8 Q
(The RPF check MUST NO)6 E 3(Tb)-.48 G 3(ep)-3 G(erformed in the BSM)-3
E(processing check for a No-F)72 724.8 Q(orw)-.18 E(ard BSM, see 3.1.3.)
-.12 E(The messages ha)6 E .36 -.18(ve t)-.24 H(he same source).18 E
(Bhaskar/Gall/Ling)72 769 Q(ard/V)-.06 E 168.948(enaas Section)-1.332 F
3(3.5.1. [P)3 F(age 19])-.18 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 12/Times-Roman@0 SF(INTERNET)72 49 Q 55.458(-DRAFT Expires:)-1.104 F
(February 2008)3 E(August 2007)97.674 E
(and destination addresses as the usual multicast Bootstrap messages.)72
85 Q/F1 12/Times-Bold@0 SF 3(3.5.2. Unicasting)72 111 R
(Bootstrap Messages)3 E F0 -.18(Fo)72 127.6 S 3(rb).18 G(ackw)-3 E
(ards compatibility implementations MA)-.12 E 3(Ys)-1.26 G
(upport Unicast Bootstrap messages.)-3 E(Whether to send Unicast Bootst\
rap Messages instead of or in addition to No-F)72 140.6 Q(orw)-.18 E
(ard)-.12 E(Bootstrap Messages, and also whether to accept such message\
s, SHOULD be)72 153.6 Q 3(con\214gurable. This)72 166.6 R
(message is unicast to the neighbor)3 E(.)-.66 E F1(3.6.)72 192.6 Q/F2
14/Times-Bold@0 SF(Recei)6 E(ving and Using the RP-Set)-.14 E F0(The RP\
-Set maintained by BSR is used by RP-based multicast routing protocols \
lik)72 209.2 Q(e)-.12 E(PIM-SM and BIDIR-PIM.)72 222.2 Q
(These protocols may obtain RP-Sets from other sources as)6 E 3
(well. Ho)72 235.2 R 3(wt)-.3 G(he \214nal group-to-RP mappings are obt\
ained from these RP-Sets is not part of)-3 E(the BSR speci\214cation.)72
248.2 Q
(In general, the routing protocols need to re-calculate the mappings)6 E
(when an)72 261.2 Q 3(yo)-.18 G 3(ft)-3 G(heir RP-Sets change.)-3 E(Ho)6
E 3(ws)-.3 G(uch a change is signalled to the routing)-3 E
(protocol is also not part of the present speci\214cation.)72 274.2 Q(S\
ome group-to-RP mappings in the RP-Set indicate group ranges for which \
PIM-SM)72 290.8 Q
(should be used; others indicate group ranges for use with BIDIR-PIM.)72
303.8 Q(Routers that only)6 E(support one of these protocols MUST NO)72
316.8 Q 3(Ti)-.48 G(gnore ranges indicated as being for the other)-3 E 3
(protocol. The)72 329.8 R 3(yM)-.18 G(UST NO)-3 E 3(Tt)-.48 G
(reat them as being for the protocol the)-3 E 3(ys)-.18 G(upport.)-3 E(\
If a mapping is not already part of the RP-Set, it is added to the RP-S\
et and the associated)72 346.4 Q(Group-to-RP mapping Expiry T)72 359.4 Q
(imer \(GET\) is initialized to the holdtime from the)-.42 E
(Bootstrap message.)72 372.4 Q
(Its priority is set to the Priority from the Bootstrap message.)6 E(If\
a mapping is already part of the RP-Set, it is updated with the Priori\
ty from the)72 389 Q(Bootstrap message and its associated GET is reset \
to the holdtime from the Bootstrap)72 402 Q 3(message. If)72 415 R
(the holdtime is zero, the mapping is remo)3 E -.18(ve)-.18 G 3(df).18 G
(rom the RP-Set immediately)-3 E(.)-.78 E F1(4.)72 441 Q/F3 15
/Times-Bold@0 SF(Message F)6 E(ormats)-.375 E F0
(BSR messages are PIM messages, as de\214ned in [1].)72 457.6 Q(The v)6
E(alues of the PIM Message)-.3 E -.96(Ty)72 470.6 S
(pe \214eld for BSR messages are:).96 E 19(4B)72 487.2 S(ootstrap)-19 E
19(8C)72 503.8 S(andidate-RP-Adv)-19 E(ertisement)-.18 E
(As with all other PIM control messages, BSR messages ha)72 520.4 Q .36
-.18(ve I)-.24 H 3(Pp).18 G(rotocol number 103.)-3 E(Candidate-RP-Adv)72
537 Q(ertisement messages are unicast to a BSR.)-.18 E(Usually)6 E 3(,B)
-.78 G(ootstrap)-3 E(messages are multicast with TTL 1 to the ALL-PIM-R)
72 550 Q(OUTERS group, b)-.48 E(ut in some)-.24 E(circumstances \(descr\
ibed in section 3.5.2\) Bootstrap messages are unicast to a speci\214c)
72 563 Q(PIM neighbor)72 576 Q(.)-.66 E
(The IP source address used for Candidate-RP-Adv)72 592.6 Q
(ertisement messages is a domain-wide)-.18 E(reachable address.)72 605.6
Q(The IP source address used for Bootstrap messages \(re)6 E -.06(ga)
-.18 G(rdless of).06 E(whether the)72 618.6 Q 3(ya)-.18 G
(re being originated or forw)-3 E
(arded\) is the link-local address of the interf)-.12 E(ace)-.12 E(on w\
hich the message is being sent \(that is, the same source address that \
the router uses)72 631.6 Q
(for the Hello messages it sends out that interf)72 644.6 Q(ace\).)-.12
E(The IPv4 ALL-PIM-R)72 661.2 Q(OUTERS group is 224.0.0.13.)-.48 E
(The IPv6 ALL-PIM-R)6 E(OUTERS)-.48 E(group is f)72 674.2 Q(f02::d.)-.3
E(In this section we use the follo)72 690.8 Q
(wing terms de\214ned in the PIM-SM speci\214cation [1]:)-.3 E 20.8
<8345>72 707.4 S(ncoded-Unicast format)-20.8 E(Bhaskar/Gall/Ling)72 769
Q(ard/V)-.06 E 186.948(enaas Section)-1.332 F 3(4. [P)3 F(age 20])-.18 E
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/F0 12/Times-Roman@0 SF(INTERNET)72 49 Q 55.458(-DRAFT Expires:)-1.104 F
(February 2008)3 E(August 2007)97.674 E 20.8<8345>72 85 S
(ncoded-Group format)-20.8 E 1.92 -.96(We r)72 101.6 T
(epeat these here to aid readability).96 E(.)-.78 E/F1 12/Times-Bold@0
SF(Encoded-Unicast addr)72 127.6 Q(ess)-.216 E F0
(An Encoded-Unicast address tak)72 144.2 Q(es the follo)-.12 E
(wing format:)-.3 E/F2 12/Courier@0 SF 136.8(0123)79.2 163.2 S 7.2
(01234567890123456789012345678901)79.2 176.2 S
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)72
189.2 Q 14.4(|A)72 202.2 S(ddr Family)-14.4 E 7.2(|E)14.4 G
(ncoding Type |)-7.2 E(Unicast Address)36 E
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+...)72 215.2 Q F1
(Addr F)72 237.8 Q(amily)-.3 E F0(The PIM address f)97 250.8 Q
(amily of the `Unicast Address' \214eld of this address.)-.12 E -1.332
(Va)97 267.4 S(lues of 0-127 are as assigned by the IAN)1.332 E 3(Af)
-.42 G(or Internet Address F)-3 E(amilies in [11].)-.18 E -1.332(Va)97
280.4 S(lues 128-250 are reserv)1.332 E(ed to be assigned by the IAN)
-.18 E 3(Af)-.42 G(or PIM-speci\214c Address)-3 E -.18(Fa)97 293.4 S 3
(milies. V).18 F(alues 251 though 255 are designated for pri)-1.332 E
-.3(va)-.3 G(te use.).3 E(As there is no)6 E
(assignment authority for this space, collisions should be e)97 306.4 Q
(xpected.)-.18 E F1(Encoding T)72 323 Q(ype)-.888 E F0
(The type of encoding used within a speci\214c Address F)97 336 Q(amily)
-.18 E 6(.T)-.78 G(he v)-6 E(alue `0' is)-.3 E(reserv)97 349 Q
(ed for this \214eld, and represents the nati)-.18 E .36 -.18(ve e)-.3 H
(ncoding of the Address F).18 E(amily)-.18 E(.)-.78 E F1(Unicast Addr)72
365.6 Q(ess)-.216 E F0(The unicast address as represented by the gi)97
378.6 Q -.18(ve)-.3 G 3(nA).18 G(ddress F)-3 E(amily and Encoding T)-.18
E(ype.)-.96 E F1(Encoded-Gr)72 417.6 Q(oup addr)-.216 E(ess)-.216 E F0
(Encoded-Group addresses tak)72 434.2 Q 3(et)-.12 G(he follo)-3 E
(wing format:)-.3 E F2 136.8(0123)79.2 453.2 S 7.2
(01234567890123456789012345678901)79.2 466.2 S
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)72
479.2 Q 14.4(|A)72 492.2 S(ddr Family)-14.4 E 7.2(|E)14.4 G
(ncoding Type |B| Reserved)-7.2 E 7.2(|Z| Mask)14.4 F 28.8(Len |)7.2 F
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)72
505.2 Q 115.2(|G)72 518.2 S(roup multicast Address)-115.2 E
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+...)72 531.2 Q F1(Addr F)72 553.8
Q(amily)-.3 E F0(described abo)97 566.8 Q -.18(ve)-.18 G(.).18 E F1
(Encoding T)72 583.4 Q(ype)-.888 E F0(described abo)97 596.4 Q -.18(ve)
-.18 G(.).18 E F1([B]IDIR bit)72 613 Q F0(When set, all BIDIR capable P\
IM routers will operate the protocol described in [2])97 626 Q
(for the speci\214ed group range.)97 639 Q F1(Reser)72 655.6 Q -.12(ve)
-.12 G(d).12 E F0 -.42(Tr)97 668.6 S(ansmitted as zero.).42 E
(Ignored upon receipt.)6 E F1(Admin Scope [Z]one)72 685.2 Q F0
(When set, this bit indicates that this group range is an administrati)
97 698.2 Q -.18(ve)-.3 G(ly scoped range.).18 E(Bhaskar/Gall/Ling)72 769
Q(ard/V)-.06 E 186.948(enaas Section)-1.332 F 3(4. [P)3 F(age 21])-.18 E
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/F0 12/Times-Roman@0 SF(INTERNET)72 49 Q 55.458(-DRAFT Expires:)-1.104 F
(February 2008)3 E(August 2007)97.674 E/F1 12/Times-Bold@0 SF(Mask Len)
72 85 Q F0(The Mask length \214eld is 8 bits.)97 98 Q(The v)6 E
(alue is the number of contiguous one bits left)-.3 E(justi\214ed used \
as a mask which, combined with the group address, describes a range)97
111 Q(of groups.)97 124 Q
(It is less than or equal to the address length in bits for the gi)6 E
-.18(ve)-.3 G 3(nA).18 G(ddress)-3 E -.18(Fa)97 137 S
(mily and Encoding T).18 E 3(ype. If)-.96 F
(the message is sent for a single group then the Mask)3 E
(length must equal the address length in bits for the gi)97 150 Q -.18
(ve)-.3 G 3(nA).18 G(ddress F)-3 E(amily and)-.18 E(Encoding T)97 163 Q
3(ype. \(e.g.)-.96 F(32 for IPv4 nati)3 E .36 -.18(ve e)-.3 H
(ncoding and 128 for IPv6 nati).18 E -.18(ve)-.3 G(encoding\).)97 176 Q
F1(Gr)72 192.6 Q(oup multicast Addr)-.216 E(ess)-.216 E F0
(Contains the group address.)97 205.6 Q F1(4.1.)72 231.6 Q/F2 14
/Times-Bold@0 SF(Bootstrap Message F)6 E(ormat)-.35 E F0 3(Ab)72 248.2 S
(ootstrap message may be di)-3 E(vided up into ')-.3 E
(semantic fragments' if the resulting IP)-.66 E(datagram w)72 261.2 Q
(ould e)-.12 E(xceed the maximum pack)-.18 E(et size boundaries.)-.12 E
(Basically)6 E 3(,as)-.78 G(ingle)-3 E(Bootstrap message can be sent as\
multiple semantic fragments \(each in a separate IP)72 274.2 Q(datagra\
m\), so long as the fragment tags of all the semantic fragments compris\
ing the)72 287.2 Q(message are the same.)72 300.2 Q
(The format of a single non-fragmented message is the same as the)6 E
(one used for semantic fragments.)72 313.2 Q
(The format of a single `fragment' is gi)72 329.8 Q -.18(ve)-.3 G 3(nb)
.18 G(elo)-3 E(w:)-.3 E(Bhaskar/Gall/Ling)72 769 Q(ard/V)-.06 E 177.948
(enaas Section)-1.332 F 3(4.1. [P)3 F(age 22])-.18 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 12/Times-Roman@0 SF(INTERNET)72 49 Q 55.458(-DRAFT Expires:)-1.104 F
(February 2008)3 E(August 2007)97.674 E/F1 12/Courier@0 SF 136.8(0123)
79.2 85 S 7.2(01234567890123456789012345678901)79.2 98 S
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)72
111 Q(|PIM Ver| Type)72 124 Q 7.2(|N| Reserved)14.4 F 79.2(|C)21.6 G
79.2(hecksum |)-79.2 F
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)72
137 Q 64.8(|F)72 150 S(ragment Tag)-64.8 E 7.2(|H)72 G
(ash Mask Len | BSR Priority)-7.2 E(|)14.4 E
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)72
163 Q 93.6(|B)72 176 S(SR Address \(Encoded-Unicast format\))-93.6 E(|)
100.8 E
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)72
189 Q 86.4(|G)72 202 S(roup Address 1 \(Encoded-Group format\))-86.4 E
(|)93.6 E
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)72
215 Q 7.2(|R)72 228 S 7.2(PC)-7.2 G(ount 1)-7.2 E 7.2(|F)28.8 G
(rag RP Cnt 1 |)-7.2 E 93.6(Reserved |)64.8 F
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)72
241 Q 93.6(|R)72 254 S 7.2(PA)-93.6 G
(ddress 1 \(Encoded-Unicast format\))-7.2 E(|)93.6 E
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)72
267 Q 72(|R)72 280 S(P1 Holdtime)-72 E 7.2(|R)64.8 G(P1 Priority)-7.2 E
21.6(|R)14.4 G 21.6(eserved |)-21.6 F
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)72
293 Q 93.6(|R)72 306 S 7.2(PA)-93.6 G
(ddress 2 \(Encoded-Unicast format\))-7.2 E(|)93.6 E
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)72
319 Q 72(|R)72 332 S(P2 Holdtime)-72 E 7.2(|R)64.8 G(P2 Priority)-7.2 E
21.6(|R)14.4 G 21.6(eserved |)-21.6 F
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)72
345 Q 223.2(|.|)72 358 S 223.2(|.|)72 371 S
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)72
384 Q 93.6(|R)72 397 S 7.2(PA)-93.6 G
(ddress m \(Encoded-Unicast format\))-7.2 E(|)93.6 E
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)72
410 Q 72(|R)72 423 S(Pm Holdtime)-72 E 7.2(|R)64.8 G(Pm Priority)-7.2 E
21.6(|R)14.4 G 21.6(eserved |)-21.6 F
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)72
436 Q 86.4(|G)72 449 S(roup Address 2 \(Encoded-Group format\))-86.4 E
(|)93.6 E
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)72
462 Q 223.2(|.|)72 475 S 223.2(|.|)72 488 S
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)72
501 Q 86.4(|G)72 514 S(roup Address n \(Encoded-Group format\))-86.4 E
(|)93.6 E
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)72
527 Q 7.2(|R)72 540 S 7.2(PC)-7.2 G(ount n)-7.2 E 7.2(|F)28.8 G
(rag RP Cnt n |)-7.2 E 86.4(Reserved |)72 F
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)72
553 Q 93.6(|R)72 566 S 7.2(PA)-93.6 G
(ddress 1 \(Encoded-Unicast format\))-7.2 E(|)93.6 E
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)72
579 Q 72(|R)72 592 S(P1 Holdtime)-72 E 7.2(|R)64.8 G(P1 Priority)-7.2 E
21.6(|R)14.4 G 21.6(eserved |)-21.6 F
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)72
605 Q 93.6(|R)72 618 S 7.2(PA)-93.6 G
(ddress 2 \(Encoded-Unicast format\))-7.2 E(|)93.6 E
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)72
631 Q 72(|R)72 644 S(P2 Holdtime)-72 E 7.2(|R)64.8 G(P2 Priority)-7.2 E
21.6(|R)14.4 G 21.6(eserved |)-21.6 F
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)72
657 Q 223.2(|.|)72 670 S 223.2(|.|)72 683 S
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)72
696 Q 93.6(|R)72 709 S 7.2(PA)-93.6 G
(ddress m \(Encoded-Unicast format\))-7.2 E(|)93.6 E
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)72
722 Q F0(Bhaskar/Gall/Ling)72 769 Q(ard/V)-.06 E 177.948(enaas Section)
-1.332 F 3(4.1. [P)3 F(age 23])-.18 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 12/Times-Roman@0 SF(INTERNET)72 49 Q 55.458(-DRAFT Expires:)-1.104 F
(February 2008)3 E(August 2007)97.674 E/F1 12/Courier@0 SF 72(|R)72 85 S
(Pm Holdtime)-72 E 7.2(|R)64.8 G(Pm Priority)-7.2 E 21.6(|R)14.4 G 21.6
(eserved |)-21.6 F
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)72 98
Q/F2 12/Times-Bold@0 SF(PIM V)72 120.6 Q(ersion, Reser)-1.2 E -.12(ve)
-.12 G(d, Checksum).12 E F0(Described in [1].)97 133.6 Q F2 -.888(Ty)72
163.2 S(pe).888 E F0(PIM Message T)97 176.2 Q 3(ype. V)-.96 F
(alue is 4 for a Bootstrap message.)-1.332 E F2([N]o-f)72 192.8 Q
(orward bit)-.3 E F0(When set, this bit means that the Bootstrap messag\
e fragment is not to be)97 205.8 Q(forw)97 218.8 Q(arded.)-.12 E F2
(Fragment T)72 235.4 Q(ag)-1.104 E F0 3(Ar)97 248.4 S
(andomly generated number)-3 E 3(,a)-.48 G
(cts to distinguish the fragments belonging to)-3 E(dif)97 261.4 Q(fere\
nt Bootstrap messages; fragments belonging to same Bootstrap message ca\
rry)-.3 E(the same `Fragment T)97 274.4 Q(ag'.)-.96 E F2(Hash Mask Len)
72 291 Q F0
(The length \(in bits\) of the mask to use in the hash function.)97 304
Q -.18(Fo)6 G 3(rI).18 G(Pv4 we)-3 E(recommend a v)97 317 Q(alue of 30.)
-.3 E -.18(Fo)6 G 3(rI).18 G(Pv6 we recommend a v)-3 E(alue of 126.)-.3
E F2(BSR Priority)72 333.6 Q F0(Contains the BSR priority v)97 346.6 Q
(alue of the included BSR.)-.3 E(This \214eld is considered as a)6 E
(high order byte when comparing BSR addresses.)97 359.6 Q
(BSRs should by def)6 E(ault set this)-.12 E(\214eld to 64.)97 372.6 Q(\
Note that for historical reasons, the highest BSR priority is 255 \(the)
6 E(higher the better\), whereas the highest RP Priority \(see belo)97
385.6 Q(w\) is 0 \(the lo)-.3 E(wer the)-.3 E(better\).)97 398.6 Q F2
(BSR Addr)72 415.2 Q(ess)-.216 E F0
(The address of the bootstrap router for the domain.)97 428.2 Q
(The format for this address is)6 E(gi)97 441.2 Q -.18(ve)-.3 G 3(ni).18
G 3(nt)-3 G(he Encoded-Unicast address in [1].)-3 E F2(Gr)72 470.8 Q
(oup Addr)-.216 E(ess 1..n)-.216 E F0(The group ranges \(address and ma\
sk\) with which the Candidate-RPs are associated.)97 483.8 Q -.18(Fo)97
496.8 S(rmat described in [1].).18 E
(In a fragment containing admin scope ranges, the \214rst)6 E
(group range in the fragment MUST satisfy the follo)97 509.8 Q
(wing conditions: it MUST ha)-.3 E -.18(ve)-.24 G(the Admin Scope bit s\
et; for IPv4 it MUST be the group range for the entire admin)97 522.8 Q
(scope range \(this is the case e)97 535.8 Q -.18(ve)-.3 G 3(ni).18 G 3
(ft)-3 G(here are no RPs in the RP-Set for the entire)-3 E(admin scope \
range - in this case the sub-ranges for the RP-Set are speci\214ed late\
r in)97 548.8 Q(the fragment along with their RPs\); for IPv6 the Mask \
Len MUST be at least 16 and)97 561.8 Q(ha)97 574.8 Q .36 -.18(ve t)-.24
H(he scope ID of the admin scope range.).18 E F2(RP Count 1..n)72 604.4
Q F0(The number of Candidate-RP addresses included in the whole Bootstr\
ap message)97 617.4 Q(for the corresponding group range.)97 630.4 Q 3
(Ar)6 G(outer does not replace its old RP-Set for a)-3 E(gi)97 643.4 Q
-.18(ve)-.3 G 3(ng).18 G(roup range until/unless it recei)-3 E -.18(ve)
-.3 G 3(s`).18 G(RP-Count' addresses for that range; the)-3 E
(addresses could be carried o)97 656.4 Q -.18(ve)-.18 G 3(rs).18 G -2.58
-.3(ev e)-3 H(ral fragments.).3 E(If only part of the RP-Set for a)6 E
(gi)97 669.4 Q -.18(ve)-.3 G 3(ng).18 G(roup range w)-3 E(as recei)-.12
E -.18(ve)-.3 G
(d, the router discards it, without updating that speci\214c).18 E
(group range')97 682.4 Q 3(sR)-.66 G(P-Set.)-3 E F2(Frag RP Cnt 1..m)72
699 Q F0(The number of Candidate-RP addresses included in this fragment\
of the Bootstrap)97 712 Q(message, for the corresponding group range.)
97 725 Q(The `Frag RP Cnt' \214eld f)6 E(acilitates)-.12 E
(Bhaskar/Gall/Ling)72 769 Q(ard/V)-.06 E 177.948(enaas Section)-1.332 F
3(4.1. [P)3 F(age 24])-.18 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 12/Times-Roman@0 SF(INTERNET)72 49 Q 55.458(-DRAFT Expires:)-1.104 F
(February 2008)3 E(August 2007)97.674 E(parsing of the RP-Set for a gi)
97 85 Q -.18(ve)-.3 G 3(ng).18 G(roup range, when carried o)-3 E -.18
(ve)-.18 G 3(rm).18 G(ore than one)-3 E(fragment.)97 98 Q/F1 12
/Times-Bold@0 SF(RP addr)72 114.6 Q(ess 1..m)-.216 E F0
(The address of the Candidate-RPs, for the corresponding group range.)97
127.6 Q(The format)6 E(for these addresses is gi)97 140.6 Q -.18(ve)-.3
G 3(ni).18 G 3(nt)-3 G(he Encoded-Unicast address in [1].)-3 E F1
(RP1..m Holdtime)72 157.2 Q F0
(The Holdtime \(in seconds\) for the corresponding RP)97 170.2 Q 6(.T)
-1.332 G(his \214eld is copied from the)-6 E
(`Holdtime' \214eld of the associated RP stored at the BSR.)97 183.2 Q
F1(RP1..m Priority)72 199.8 Q F0
(The `Priority' of the corresponding RP and Encoded-Group Address.)97
212.8 Q(This \214eld is)6 E
(copied from the `Priority' \214eld stored at the BSR when recei)97
225.8 Q(ving a C-RP-Adv)-.3 E 3(message. The)97 238.8 R
(highest priority is `0' \(i.e. unlik)3 E 3(eB)-.12 G(SR priority)-3 E 3
(,t)-.78 G(he lo)-3 E(wer the v)-.3 E(alue of)-.3 E
(the `Priority' \214eld, the better\).)97 251.8 Q
(Note that the priority is per RP per Group Address.)6 E -.48(Wi)72
268.4 S(thin a Bootstrap message, the BSR Address, all the Group Addres\
ses and all the RP).48 E(Addresses MUST be of the same address f)72
281.4 Q(amily)-.12 E 6(.I)-.78 G 3(na)-6 G(ddition, the address f)-3 E
(amily of the)-.12 E(\214elds in the message MUST be the same as the IP\
source and destination addresses of the)72 294.4 Q(pack)72 307.4 Q 3
(et. This)-.12 F(permits maximum implementation \215e)3 E
(xibility for dual-stack IPv4/IPv6)-.18 E(routers.)72 320.4 Q F1 3
(4.1.1. Semantic)72 346.4 R(Fragmentation of BSMs)3 E F0
(Bootstrap messages may be split o)72 363 Q -.18(ve)-.18 G 3(rs).18 G
-2.58 -.3(ev e)-3 H(ral PIM Bootstrap Message Fragments).3 E
(\(BSMF\); this is kno)72 376 Q(wn as semantic fragmentation.)-.3 E
(Each of these must be according to)6 E(the abo)72 389 Q .36 -.18(ve f)
-.18 H 3(ormat. All).18 F(fragments of a gi)3 E -.18(ve)-.3 G 3(nB).18 G
(ootstrap message MUST ha)-3 E .36 -.18(ve i)-.24 H(dentical).18 E -.3
(va)72 402 S(lues for the T).3 E(ype, No-forw)-.96 E
(ard bit, Fragment T)-.12 E(ag, Hash Mask Len, BSR Priority and)-.96 E
(BSR Address \214elds.)72 415 Q
(That is, only the group-to-RP mappings may dif)6 E(fer between)-.3 E
(fragments.)72 428 Q(This is useful if the BSM w)72 444.6 Q
(ould otherwise e)-.12 E(xceed the MTU of the link the message will)-.18
E(be forw)72 457.6 Q(arded o)-.12 E -.18(ve)-.18 G 4.32 -.66(r. I).18 H
3(fo).66 G(ne relies purely on IP fragmentation, one w)-3 E
(ould lose the entire)-.12 E(message if one fragment is lost.)72 470.6 Q
(By use of semantic fragmentation, one lost IP fragment)6 E(will only c\
ause the loss of the semantic fragment that the IP fragment w)72 483.6 Q
(as part of.)-.12 E(As)6 E(described belo)72 496.6 Q 1.56 -.78(w, a r)
-.3 H(outer only needs to recei).78 E .36 -.18(ve a)-.3 H
(ll the RPs for a speci\214c group range to).18 E(update that range.)72
509.6 Q
(This means that loss of a semantic fragment, due to an IP fragment)6 E
(getting lost, only af)72 522.6 Q
(fects the group ranges the lost semantic fragment contains information)
-.3 E(for)72 535.6 Q(.)-.66 E(If the BSR can split up the BSM so that e\
ach group range \(and all of its RP information\))72 552.2 Q
(can \214t entirely inside one BSMF)72 565.2 Q 3(,t)-.96 G
(hen it should do so.)-3 E(If a BSMF is lost, the state from)6 E
(the pre)72 578.2 Q
(vious BSM for the group ranges from the missing BSMF will be retained.)
-.3 E(Each)6 E(fragment that does arri)72 591.2 Q .36 -.18(ve w)-.3 H
(ill update the RP information for the group ranges contained).18 E
(in that fragment, and the ne)72 604.2 Q 3(wg)-.3 G
(roup-to-RP mappings for those can be used immediately)-3 E(.)-.78 E
(The information from the missing fragment will be obtained when the ne)
72 617.2 Q(xt BSM is)-.18 E(transmitted.)72 630.2 Q(If the list of RPs \
for a single group range is long, one may split the information across)
72 646.8 Q(multiple BSMFs to a)72 659.8 Q -.24(vo)-.24 G
(id IP fragmentation.).24 E(In this case, all the BSMFs comprising the)6
E(information for that group range must be recei)72 672.8 Q -.18(ve)-.3
G 3(db).18 G(efore the group-to-RP mapping in use)-3 E
(can be modi\214ed.)72 685.8 Q
(This is the purpose of the RP Count \214eld - a router recei)6 E
(ving BSMFs)-.3 E(from the same BSM \(i.e. that ha)72 698.8 Q .36 -.18
(ve t)-.24 H(he same fragment tag\) must w).18 E(ait until BSMFs)-.12 E
(pro)72 711.8 Q(viding RP Count RPs for that group range ha)-.18 E .36
-.18(ve b)-.24 H(een recei).18 E -.18(ve)-.3 G 3(db).18 G(efore the ne)
-3 E 3(wg)-.3 G(roup-)-3 E
(to-RP mapping can be used for that group range.)72 724.8 Q
(If a single BSMF from such a lar)6 E(ge)-.216 E(Bhaskar/Gall/Ling)72
769 Q(ard/V)-.06 E 168.948(enaas Section)-1.332 F 3(4.1.1. [P)3 F
(age 25])-.18 E 0 Cg EP
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(February 2008)3 E(August 2007)97.674 E
(group range is lost, then that entire group range will ha)72 85 Q .36
-.18(ve t)-.24 H 3(ow).18 G(ait until the ne)-3.12 E(xt BSM is)-.18 E 3
(originated. Hence)72 98 R
(the bene\214t of using semantic fragmentation is in this case dubious.)
3 E(Ne)72 114.6 Q(xt we need to consider ho)-.18 E 3(waB)-.3 G(SR w)-3 E
(ould remo)-.12 E .36 -.18(ve g)-.18 H(roup ranges.).18 E 3(Ar)6 G
(outer recei)-3 E(ving a)-.3 E
(set of BSMFs cannot tell if a group range is missing.)72 127.6 Q
(If it has seen a group range before,)6 E
(it must assume that that group range still e)72 140.6 Q
(xists, and that the BSMF describing it has been)-.18 E 3(lost. It)72
153.6 R(should retain this information for BS_T)3 E 3(imeout. Thus)-.42
F(for a BSR to remo)3 E .36 -.18(ve a)-.18 H
(group range, it should include that group range, b)72 166.6 Q
(ut with an RP Count of zero, and it)-.24 E
(should resend this information in each BSM for BS_T)72 179.6 Q(imeout.)
-.42 E/F1 12/Times-Bold@0 SF(4.2.)72 205.6 Q/F2 14/Times-Bold@0 SF
(Candidate-RP-Adv)6 E(ertisement Message F)-.14 E(ormat)-.35 E F0
(Candidate-RP-Adv)72 222.2 Q
(ertisement messages are periodically unicast from the C-RPs to the)-.18
E(BSR.)72 235.2 Q/F3 12/Courier@0 SF 136.8(0123)79.2 254.2 S 7.2
(01234567890123456789012345678901)79.2 267.2 S
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)72
280.2 Q(|PIM Ver| Type)72 293.2 Q 21.6(|R)14.4 G 21.6(eserved |)-21.6 F
79.2(Checksum |)79.2 F
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)72
306.2 Q 7.2(|P)72 319.2 S(refix Count)-7.2 E 21.6(|P)14.4 G 21.6
(riority |)-21.6 F 79.2(Holdtime |)79.2 F
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)72
332.2 Q 93.6(|R)72 345.2 S 7.2(PA)-93.6 G
(ddress \(Encoded-Unicast format\))-7.2 E(|)108 E
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)72
358.2 Q 86.4(|G)72 371.2 S(roup Address 1 \(Encoded-Group format\))-86.4
E(|)93.6 E
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)72
384.2 Q 223.2(|.|)72 397.2 S 223.2(|.|)72 410.2 S 223.2(|.|)72 423.2 S
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)72
436.2 Q 86.4(|G)72 449.2 S(roup Address n \(Encoded-Group format\))-86.4
E(|)93.6 E
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)72
462.2 Q F1(PIM V)72 484.8 Q(ersion, Reser)-1.2 E -.12(ve)-.12 G
(d, Checksum).12 E F0(Described in [1].)97 497.8 Q F1 -.888(Ty)72 527.4
S(pe).888 E F0(PIM Message T)97 540.4 Q 3(ype. V)-.96 F
(alue is 8 for a Candidate-RP-Adv)-1.332 E(ertisement message.)-.18 E F1
(Pr)72 557 Q(e\214x Count)-.216 E F0(The number of encoded group addres\
ses included in the message; indicating the)97 570 Q
(group range for which the C-RP is adv)97 583 Q 3(ertising. C-RPs)-.18 F
(MUST NO)3 E 3(Ts)-.48 G(end C-RP-Adv)-3 E
(messages with a Pre\214x Count of `0'.)97 596 Q F1(Priority)72 612.6 Q
F0(The `Priority' of the included RP)97 625.6 Q 3(,f)-1.332 G
(or the corresponding Encoded-Group Address \(if)-3 E(an)97 638.6 Q 3
(y\). The)-.18 F(highest priority is `0' \(i.e. the lo)3 E(wer the v)-.3
E(alue of the `Priority' \214eld, the)-.3 E(higher the priority\).)97
651.6 Q
(This \214eld is stored at the BSR upon receipt along with the RP)6 E
(address and corresponding Encoded-Group Address.)97 664.6 Q F1
(Holdtime)72 681.2 Q F0(The amount of time \(in seconds\) the adv)97
694.2 Q(ertisement is v)-.18 E 3(alid. This)-.3 F(\214eld allo)3 E(ws)
-.3 E(adv)97 707.2 Q(ertisements to be aged out.)-.18 E
(This \214eld should be set to 2.5 times)6 E(C_RP_Adv_Period.)97 720.2 Q
(Bhaskar/Gall/Ling)72 769 Q(ard/V)-.06 E 177.948(enaas Section)-1.332 F
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/F0 12/Times-Roman@0 SF(INTERNET)72 49 Q 55.458(-DRAFT Expires:)-1.104 F
(February 2008)3 E(August 2007)97.674 E/F1 12/Times-Bold@0 SF(RP Addr)72
85 Q(ess)-.216 E F0(The address of the interf)97 98 Q(ace to adv)-.12 E
(ertise as a Candidate RP)-.18 E 6(.T)-1.332 G(he format for this)-6 E
(address is gi)97 111 Q -.18(ve)-.3 G 3(ni).18 G 3(nt)-3 G
(he Encoded-Unicast address in [1].)-3 E F1(Gr)72 140.6 Q(oup Addr)-.216
E(ess-1..n)-.216 E F0(The group ranges for which the C-RP is adv)97
153.6 Q 3(ertising. F)-.18 F(ormat described in Encoded-)-.18 E
(Group-Address in [1].)97 166.6 Q -.48(Wi)72 196.2 S
(thin a Candidate-RP-Adv).48 E
(ertisement message, the RP Address and all the Group)-.18 E
(Addresses MUST be of the same address f)72 209.2 Q(amily)-.12 E 6(.I)
-.78 G 3(na)-6 G(ddition, the address f)-3 E(amily of the)-.12 E(\214el\
ds in the message MUST be the same as the IP source and destination add\
resses of the)72 222.2 Q(pack)72 235.2 Q 3(et. This)-.12 F
(permits maximum implementation \215e)3 E
(xibility for dual-stack IPv4/IPv6)-.18 E(routers.)72 248.2 Q F1(5.)72
274.2 Q/F2 15/Times-Bold@0 SF -.27(Ti)6 G(mers and T).27 E(imer V)-.27 E
(alues)-1.38 E F1 -.216(Ti)72 300.2 S(mer Name: Bootstrap T).216 E
(imer \(BST\(Z\)\))-.216 E .48 LW 504 311.2 72 311.2 DL -1.104(Va)86.754
321.2 S(lue Name)1.104 E -1.104(Va)83.598 G 117.69(lue Explanation)1.104
F 504 326.2 72 326.2 DL 504 328.2 72 328.2 DL(BS_P)86.754 338.2 Q 88.05
(eriod Default:)-.24 F(60 seconds)3 E -.24(Pe)381.822 338.2 S
(riodic inter).24 E -.12(va)-.12 G(l).12 E(with which BSMs)381.822 351.2
Q(ar)381.822 364.2 Q 3(en)-.216 G(ormally)-3 E(originated)381.822 377.2
Q 504 382.2 72 382.2 DL(BS_T)86.754 392.2 Q 78.69(imeout Default:)-.216
F(130 seconds)3 E(Inter)381.822 392.2 Q -.12(va)-.12 G 3(la).12 G
(fter which)-3 E 3(aB)381.822 405.2 S(SR is timed out if)-3 E
(no BSM is r)381.822 418.2 Q(ecei)-.216 E -.12(ve)-.12 G(d).12 E(fr)
381.822 431.2 Q(om that BSR)-.216 E 504 436.2 72 436.2 DL(BS_Min_Inter)
86.754 446.2 Q -.12(va)-.12 G 56.382(lD).12 G(efault: 10 seconds)-56.382
E(Minimum inter)381.822 446.2 Q -.12(va)-.12 G(l).12 E(with which BSMs)
381.822 459.2 Q(may be originated)381.822 472.2 Q 504 477.2 72 477.2 DL
(BS_Rand_Ov)86.754 487.2 Q 41.262(erride see)-.12 F(belo)3 E(w)-.12 E
(Randomized inter)381.822 487.2 Q -.12(va)-.12 G(l).12 E(used to r)
381.822 500.2 Q(educe)-.216 E(contr)381.822 513.2 Q(ol message)-.216 E
-.12(ove)381.822 526.2 S(rhead during).12 E(BSR election)381.822 539.2 Q
504 544.2 72 544.2 DL 359.691 311.2 359.691 544.2 DL 210.105 311.2
210.105 544.2 DL 504 311.2 504 544.2 DL 72 311.2 72 544.2 DL F0
(Note that BS_T)72 561.8 Q(imeout MUST be lar)-.42 E
(ger than BS_Period, e)-.216 E -.18(ve)-.3 G 3(ni).18 G 3(ft)-3 G
(heir v)-3 E(alues are changed)-.3 E(from the def)72 574.8 Q 3(aults. W)
-.12 F 3(er)-.96 G(ecommend that BS_T)-3 E
(imeout is set to 2 times BS_Period plus 10)-.42 E(seconds.)72 587.8 Q
(Bhaskar/Gall/Ling)72 769 Q(ard/V)-.06 E 186.948(enaas Section)-1.332 F
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/F0 12/Times-Roman@0 SF(INTERNET)72 49 Q 55.458(-DRAFT Expires:)-1.104 F
(February 2008)3 E(August 2007)97.674 E(BS_Rand_Ov)72 85 Q
(erride is calculated using the follo)-.18 E
(wing pseudocode, in which all v)-.3 E(alues are)-.3 E
(in units of seconds.)72 98 Q(The v)6 E(alues of BS_Rand_Ov)-.3 E
(erride generated by this pseudocode are)-.18 E
(between 5 and 23 seconds, with smaller v)72 111 Q
(alues generated if the C-BSR has a high)-.3 E
(bootstrap weight, and lar)72 124 Q(ger v)-.216 E
(alues generated if the C-BSR has a lo)-.3 E 3(wb)-.3 G
(ootstrap weight.)-3 E/F1 12/Courier@0 SF
(BS_Rand_Override = 5 + priorityDelay + addrDelay)108 143 Q F0(where)72
162 Q F1(priorityDelay)3 E F0(is gi)3 E -.18(ve)-.3 G 3(nb).18 G(y:)-3 E
F1(priorityDelay = 2 * log_2\(1 + bestPriority - myPriority\))108 181 Q
F0(and)72 200 Q F1(addrDelay)3 E F0(is gi)3 E -.18(ve)-.3 G 3(nb).18 G 3
(yt)-3 G(he follo)-3 E(wing for IPv4:)-.3 E F1
(if \(bestPriority == myPriority\) {)108 219 Q
(addrDelay = log_2\(1 + bestAddr - myAddr\) / 16)136.8 232 Q 7.2(}e)108
245 S(lse {)-7.2 E(addrDelay = 2 - \(myAddr / 2^31\))136.8 258 Q(})108
271 Q F0(and)72 290 Q F1(addrDelay)3 E F0(is gi)3 E -.18(ve)-.3 G 3(nb)
.18 G 3(yt)-3 G(he follo)-3 E(wing for IPv6:)-.3 E F1
(if \(bestPriority == myPriority\) {)108 309 Q
(addrDelay = log_2\(1 + bestAddr - myAddr\) / 64)136.8 322 Q 7.2(}e)108
335 S(lse {)-7.2 E(addrDelay = 2 - \(myAddr / 2^127\))136.8 348 Q(})108
361 Q F0(and)72 380 Q F1(bestPriority)3 E F0(is gi)3 E -.18(ve)-.3 G 3
(nb).18 G(y:)-3 E F1(bestPriority = max\(storedPriority, myPriority\))
108 399 Q F0(and)72 418 Q F1(bestAddr)3 E F0(is gi)3 E -.18(ve)-.3 G 3
(nb).18 G(y:)-3 E F1(bestAddr = max\(storedAddr, myAddr\))108 437 Q F0
(and where)72 456 Q F1(myAddr)3 E F0(is the Candidate-BSR')3 E 3(sa)-.66
G(ddress,)-3 E F1(storedAddr)3 E F0(is the stored BSR')3 E(s)-.66 E
(address,)72 469 Q F1(myPriority)3 E F0(is the Candidate-BSR')3 E 3(sc)
-.66 G(on\214gured priority)-3 E 3(,a)-.78 G(nd)-3 E F1(storedPriority)
72 482 Q F0(is the stored BSR')3 E 3(sp)-.66 G(riority)-3 E(.)-.78 E/F2
12/Times-Bold@0 SF -.216(Ti)72 508 S(mer Name: Scope Zone Expiry T).216
E(imer \(SZT\(Z\)\))-.216 E .48 LW 503.996 519 72 519 DL -1.104(Va)
90.778 529 S(lue Name)1.104 E -1.104(Va)58.242 G 135.762
(lue Explanation)1.104 F 503.996 534 72 534 DL 503.996 536 72 536 DL
(SZ_T)90.778 546 Q 53.334(imeout Default:)-.216 F(1300 seconds)3 E
(Inter)378.562 546 Q -.12(va)-.12 G 3(la).12 G(fter which)-3 E 3(as)
378.562 559 S(cope zone is timed)-3 E(out if no BSM is)378.562 572 Q
-.216(re)378.562 585 S(cei).216 E -.12(ve)-.12 G 3(df).12 G(or that)-3.3
E(scope zone)378.562 598 Q 503.996 603 72 603 DL 350.395 519 350.395 603
DL 182.737 519 182.737 603 DL 503.996 519 503.996 603 DL 72 519 72 603
DL F0(Note that SZ_T)72 620.6 Q(imeout MUST be lar)-.42 E(ger than BS_T)
-.216 E(imeout, e)-.42 E -.18(ve)-.3 G 3(ni).18 G 3(ft)-3 G(heir v)-3 E
(alues are)-.3 E(changed from the def)72 633.6 Q 3(aults. W)-.12 F 3(er)
-.96 G(ecommend that SZ_T)-3 E(imeout is set to 10 times)-.42 E(BS_T)72
646.6 Q(imeout.)-.42 E(Bhaskar/Gall/Ling)72 769 Q(ard/V)-.06 E 186.948
(enaas Section)-1.332 F 3(5. [P)3 F(age 28])-.18 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 12/Times-Roman@0 SF(INTERNET)72 49 Q 55.458(-DRAFT Expires:)-1.104 F
(February 2008)3 E(August 2007)97.674 E/F1 12/Times-Bold@0 SF -.216(Ti)
72 85 S(mer Name: Gr).216 E(oup-to-C-RP mapping Expiry T)-.216 E
(imer \(CGET\(M,Z\)\))-.216 E .48 LW 503.996 96 72 96 DL -1.104(Va)
90.211 106 S(lue Name)1.104 E -1.104(Va)117.201 G 92.829
(lue Explanation)1.104 F 503.996 111 72 111 DL 503.996 113 72 113 DL
(C-RP Mapping T)90.211 123 Q 51.633(imeout fr)-.216 F(om message)-.216 E
(Holdtime fr)394.021 123 Q(om C-)-.216 E(RP-Adv message)394.021 136 Q
503.996 141 72 141 DL 366.704 96 366.704 141 DL 241.979 96 241.979 141
DL 503.996 96 503.996 141 DL 72 96 72 141 DL -.216(Ti)72 168 S
(mer Name: Gr).216 E(oup-to-RP mapping Expiry T)-.216 E
(imer \(GET\(M,Z\)\))-.216 E 504 179 72 179 DL -1.104(Va)90.126 189 S
(lue Name)1.104 E -1.104(Va)104.286 G 92.574(lue Explanation)1.104 F 504
194 72 194 DL 504 196 72 196 DL(RP Mapping T)90.126 206 Q 51.378
(imeout fr)-.216 F(om message)-.216 E(Holdtime fr)54.378 E(om BSM)-.216
E 504 211 72 211 DL 353.577 179 353.577 211 DL 229.107 179 229.107 211
DL 504 179 504 211 DL 72 179 72 211 DL -.216(Ti)72 238 S
(mer Name: C-RP Adv).216 E(ertisement T)-.12 E(imer \(CRPT\))-.216 E
503.996 249 72 249 DL -1.104(Va)87.025 259 S(lue Name)1.104 E -1.104(Va)
87.003 G 116.499(lue Explanation)1.104 F 503.996 264 72 264 DL 503.996
266 72 266 DL(C_RP_Adv_P)87.025 276 Q 48.135(eriod Default:)-.24 F
(60 seconds)3 E -.24(Pe)384.307 276 S(riodic inter).24 E -.12(va)-.12 G
(l).12 E(with which C-RP-)384.307 289 Q(Adv messages ar)384.307 302 Q(e)
-.216 E(sent to a BSR)384.307 315 Q 503.996 320 72 320 DL(C_RP_Adv_Back)
87.025 330 Q 42.075(off Default:)-.18 F(0-3 seconds)3 E(Whene)384.307
330 Q -.12(ve)-.18 G 3(ra).12 G(trigger)384.307 343 Q(ed)-.216 E
(C_RP_Adv is sent, a)384.307 356 Q(new randomized)384.307 369 Q -.12(va)
384.307 382 S(lue between 0 and).12 E(3s is used)384.307 395 Q 503.996
400 72 400 DL 361.769 249 361.769 400 DL 213.374 249 213.374 400 DL
503.996 249 503.996 400 DL 72 249 72 400 DL(6.)72 440 Q/F2 15
/Times-Bold@0 SF(Security Considerations)6 E F1(6.1.)72 466 Q/F3 14
/Times-Bold@0 SF -.28(Po)6 G(ssible Thr).28 E(eats)-.252 E F0
(Threats af)72 482.6 Q
(fecting the PIM BSR mechanism are primarily of tw)-.3 E 3(of)-.12 G
(orms: denial of service)-3 E(attacks, and traf)72 495.6 Q(\214c di)-.3
E -.18(ve)-.3 G(rsion attacks.).18 E(An attack)6 E(er that sub)-.12 E
-.18(ve)-.18 G(rts the BSR mechanism can).18 E(pre)72 508.6 Q -.18(ve)
-.3 G(nt multicast traf).18 E
(\214c from reaching the intended recipients, can di)-.3 E -.18(ve)-.3 G
(rt multicast traf).18 E<8c63>-.3 E(to a place where the)72 521.6 Q 3
(yc)-.18 G
(an monitor it, and can potentially \215ood third parties with traf)-3 E
(\214c.)-.3 E -.42(Tr)72 538.2 S(af).42 E(\214c can be pre)-.3 E -.18
(ve)-.3 G(nted from reaching the intended recipients by one of tw).18 E
(o)-.12 E(mechanisms:)72 551.2 Q 20.8<8353>72 567.8 S(ub)-20.8 E -.18
(ve)-.18 G(rting a BSM, and specifying RPs that w).18 E(on')-.12 E 3(ta)
-.216 G(ctually forw)-3 E(ard traf)-.12 E(\214c.)-.3 E 20.8<8352>72
584.4 S -.18(eg)-20.8 G(istering with the BSR as a C-RP).18 E 3(,a)
-1.332 G(nd then not forw)-3 E(arding traf)-.12 E(\214c.)-.3 E -.42(Tr)
72 601 S(af).42 E(\214c can be di)-.3 E -.18(ve)-.3 G
(rted to a place where it can be monitored by both of the abo).18 E -.18
(ve)-.18 G(mechanisms; in this case the RPs w)72 614 Q(ould forw)-.12 E
(ard the traf)-.12 E(\214c, b)-.3 E(ut are located so as to aid)-.24 E
(monitoring or man-in-the-middle attacks on the multicast traf)72 627 Q
(\214c.)-.3 E 3(At)72 643.6 S
(hird party can be \215ooded by either of the abo)-3 E .36 -.18(ve t)
-.18 H .24 -.12(wo m).18 H(echanisms by specifying the).12 E
(third party as the RP)72 656.6 Q 3(,a)-1.332 G(nd re)-3 E(gister)-.18 E
(-encapsulated traf)-.24 E(\214c will then be forw)-.3 E(arded to them.)
-.12 E F1(6.2.)72 682.6 Q F3(Limiting Third-P)6 E(arty DoS Attacks)-.14
E F0(The third party DoS attack abo)72 699.2 Q .36 -.18(ve c)-.18 H
(an be greatly reduced if PIM routers acting as DR do).18 E
(not continue to forw)72 712.2 Q(ard Re)-.12 E(gister traf)-.18 E
(\214c to the RP in the presence of ICMP Protocol)-.3 E
(Unreachable or ICMP Host Unreachable responses.)72 725.2 Q
(If a PIM router sending Re)6 E(gister)-.18 E(Bhaskar/Gall/Ling)72 769 Q
(ard/V)-.06 E 177.948(enaas Section)-1.332 F 3(6.2. [P)3 F(age 29])-.18
E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 12/Times-Roman@0 SF(INTERNET)72 49 Q 55.458(-DRAFT Expires:)-1.104 F
(February 2008)3 E(August 2007)97.674 E(pack)72 85 Q(ets to an RP recei)
-.12 E -.18(ve)-.3 G 3(so).18 G(ne of these responses to a data pack)-3
E(et it has sent, it should)-.12 E
(rate-limit the transmission of future Re)72 98 Q(gister pack)-.18 E
(ets to that RP for a short period of time.)-.12 E(As this does not af)
72 114.6 Q(fect interoperability)-.3 E 3(,t)-.78 G
(he precise details are left to the implementer to)-3 E 3(decide. Ho)72
127.6 R(we)-.3 E -.18(ve)-.3 G 3(rw).18 G 3(en)-3 G
(ote that a router implementing such rate limiting must only do so if)-3
E(the ICMP pack)72 140.6 Q(et correctly echoes part of a Re)-.12 E
(gister pack)-.18 E(et that w)-.12 E(as sent to the RP)-.12 E 6(.I)
-1.332 G 3(ft)-6 G(his)-3 E
(check were not made, then simply sending ICMP Unreachable pack)72 153.6
Q(ets to the DR with the)-.12 E(source address of the RP spoofed w)72
166.6 Q(ould be suf)-.12 E
(\214cient to cause a denial-of-service attack)-.3 E
(on the multicast traf)72 179.6 Q(\214c originating from that DR.)-.3 E
/F1 12/Times-Bold@0 SF(6.3.)72 205.6 Q/F2 14/Times-Bold@0 SF
(Bootstrap Message Security)6 E F0(If a le)72 222.2 Q
(gitimate PIM router in a domain is compromised, there is little an)-.18
E 3(ys)-.18 G(ecurity)-3 E(mechanism can do to pre)72 235.2 Q -.18(ve)
-.3 G(nt that router sub).18 E -.18(ve)-.18 G(rting PIM traf).18 E
(\214c in that domain.)-.3 E(Implementations SHOULD pro)72 251.8 Q
(vide a per interf)-.18 E(ace con\214guration option where one can)-.12
E(specify that no Bootstrap messages are to be sent out of or accepted \
on the interf)72 264.8 Q(ace.)-.12 E(This should generally be con\214gu\
red on all PMBRs in order to not recei)72 277.8 Q .36 -.18(ve m)-.3 H
(essages from).18 E(neighboring domains.)72 290.8 Q(This a)6 E -.24(vo)
-.24 G(ids recei).24 E(ving le)-.3 E
(gitimate messages with con\215icting BSR)-.18 E
(information from other domains, and also pre)72 303.8 Q -.18(ve)-.3 G
(nts BSR attacks from neighboring).18 E 3(domains. This)72 316.8 R
(option is also useful on leaf interf)3 E
(aces where there are only hosts present.)-.12 E(Ho)72 329.8 Q(we)-.3 E
-.18(ve)-.3 G .96 -.48(r, t).18 H(he Security Considerations section of\
[1], state that there should be a).48 E
(mechanism for not accepting PIM Hello messages on leaf interf)72 342.8
Q(aces and messages are)-.12 E(only accepted from v)72 355.8 Q
(alid PIM neighbors.)-.3 E(There may ho)6 E(we)-.3 E -.18(ve)-.3 G 3(rb)
.18 G 3(ea)-3 G(dditional issues with)-3 E
(unicast Bootstrap messages, see belo)72 368.8 Q 4.56 -.78(w. I)-.3 H 3
(na).78 G(ddition to dropping all multicast Bootstrap)-3 E
(messages on PMBRs we also recommend con\214guring PMBRs \(both to)72
381.8 Q -.12(wa)-.3 G(rds other).12 E(domains and on leaf interf)72
394.8 Q(aces\) to drop all unicast PIM messages \(Bootstrap message,)
-.12 E(Candidate RP Adv)72 407.8 Q(ertisement, PIM re)-.18 E
(gister and PIM re)-.18 E(gister stop\).)-.18 E F1 3(6.3.1. Unicast)72
433.8 R(Bootstrap Messages)3 E F0(There are some possible security issu\
es with unicast Bootstrap Messages.)72 450.4 Q(The Bootstrap)6 E
(Message Processing Checks pre)72 463.4 Q -.18(ve)-.3 G
(nt a router from accepting a Bootstrap message from).18 E(outside of t\
he PIM Domain, as the source address on Bootstrap messages must be an)72
476.4 Q(immediate PIM neighbor)72 489.4 Q 6(.T)-.66 G(here is ho)-6 E
(we)-.3 E -.18(ve)-.3 G 3(ras).18 G(mall windo)-3 E 3(wo)-.3 G 3(ft)-3 G
(ime after a reboot where)-3 E 3(aP)72 502.4 S(IM router will accept a \
bad Bootstrap message unicast from an immediate neighbor)-3 E(,)-.48 E(\
and it might be possible to unicast a Bootstrap message to a router dur\
ing this interv)72 515.4 Q(al)-.3 E(from outside the domain, using the \
spoofed source address of a neighbor)72 528.4 Q 6(.T)-.66 G(he best w)-6
E(ay)-.12 E(to protect ag)72 541.4 Q(ainst this is to use the abo)-.06 E
.36 -.18(ve m)-.18 H(entioned mechanism con\214guring border and).18 E
(leaf interf)72 554.4 Q
(aces to drop all bootstrap messages, including unicast messages.)-.12 E
(This can also)6 E(be pre)72 567.4 Q -.18(ve)-.3 G
(nted if PMBRs perform source-address \214ltering to pre).18 E -.18(ve)
-.3 G(nt pack).18 E(ets entering the)-.12 E(PIM domain with IP source a\
ddresses that are infrastructure addresses in the PIM)72 580.4 Q
(domain.)72 593.4 Q(The use of unicast Bootstrap messages is for backw)
72 610 Q(ards compatibility only)-.12 E 6(.D)-.78 G(ue to the)-6 E(poss\
ible security implications, implementations supporting unicast Bootstra\
p messages)72 623 Q(SHOULD pro)72 636 Q
(vide a con\214guration option for whether the)-.18 E 3(ya)-.18 G
(re to be used.)-3 E F1 3(6.3.2. Multi-access)72 662 R(subnets)3 E F0
(As mentioned abo)72 678.6 Q -.18(ve)-.18 G 3(,i).18 G
(mplementations SHOULD pro)-3 E(vide a per interf)-.18 E
(ace con\214guration)-.12 E(option so that leaf interf)72 691.6 Q
(aces and interf)-.12 E(aces f)-.12 E
(acing other domains can be con\214gured to)-.12 E
(drop all Bootstrap messages.)72 704.6 Q
(In this section we will consider multi-access subnets where)6 E(there \
are both multiple PIM routers in a PIM domain and also PIM routers outs\
ide the)72 717.6 Q(Bhaskar/Gall/Ling)72 769 Q(ard/V)-.06 E 168.948
(enaas Section)-1.332 F 3(6.3.2. [P)3 F(age 30])-.18 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 12/Times-Roman@0 SF(INTERNET)72 49 Q 55.458(-DRAFT Expires:)-1.104 F
(February 2008)3 E(August 2007)97.674 E
(PIM domain or non-trusted hosts.)72 85 Q
(On such subnets one should if possible con\214gure the)6 E
(PMBRs to drop Bootstrap messages.)72 98 Q(This is possible pro)6 E
(vided that the routers in the PIM)-.18 E(domain recei)72 111 Q .36 -.18
(ve B)-.3 H(ootstrap messages on other internal subnets.).18 E
(That is, for each of the)6 E(routers on the multi-access subnet that a\
re in our domain, the RPF interf)72 124 Q(ace for each of)-.12 E
(the candidate BSR addresses must be an internal interf)72 137 Q
(ace \(an interf)-.12 E(ace not on a multi-)-.12 E(access subnet\).)72
150 Q(There are ho)6 E(we)-.3 E -.18(ve)-.3 G 3(rn).18 G(etw)-3 E
(ork topologies where this is not possible.)-.12 E -.18(Fo)6 G(r).18 E(\
such topologies, we recommend that IPsec AH is used to protect communic\
ation between)72 163 Q(the PIM routers in the domain, and that such rou\
ters are con\214gured to drop and log)72 176 Q
(communication attempts from an)72 189 Q 3(yn)-.18 G
(ode that do not pass the authentication check.)-3 E(When)6 E
(all the PIM routers are under the same administrati)72 202 Q .36 -.18
(ve c)-.3 H(ontrol, this authentication may use).18 E 3(ac)72 215 S
(on\214gured shared secret.)-3 E(In order to pre)6 E -.18(ve)-.3 G
(nt replay attacks one will need to ha).18 E .36 -.18(ve o)-.24 H(ne).18
E(SA per sender using the sender address for SA lookup.)72 228 Q
(The securing of interactions)6 E(between PIM neighbors is discussed in\
more detail in the Security Considerations section)72 241 Q
(of [1], and so we do not discuss the details further here.)72 254 Q
(The same security mechanisms)6 E(that can be used to secure PIM Join, \
Prune and Assert messages should also be used to)72 267 Q
(secure Bootstrap messages.)72 280 Q(Ho)6 E 3(we)-.3 G
(xactly to secure PIM link-local messages is still being)-3.18 E -.12
(wo)72 293 S(rk).12 E(ed on by the PIM w)-.12 E(orking group, see [10].)
-.12 E/F1 12/Times-Bold@0 SF(6.4.)72 319 Q/F2 14/Times-Bold@0 SF
(Candidate-RP-Adv)6 E(ertisement Message Security)-.14 E F0(Ev)72 335.6
Q(en if it is not possible to sub)-.18 E -.18(ve)-.18 G
(rt Bootstrap messages, an attack).18 E(er might be able to)-.12 E(perf\
orm most of the same attacks by simply sending C-RP-Adv messages to the\
BSR)72 348.6 Q(specifying the attack)72 361.6 Q(er')-.12 E 3(sc)-.66 G
(hoice of RPs.)-3 E(Thus it is necessary to control the sending of C-)6
E(RP-Adv messages in essentially the same w)72 374.6 Q
(ays that we control Bootstrap messages.)-.12 E(Ho)72 387.6 Q(we)-.3 E
-.18(ve)-.3 G .96 -.48(r, C).18 H
(-RP-Adv messages are unicast and normally tra).48 E -.18(ve)-.24 G 3
(lm).18 G(ultiple hops, so)-3 E(controlling them is more dif)72 400.6 Q
(\214cult.)-.3 E F1 3(6.4.1. Non-Cryptographic)72 426.6 R
(Security of C-RP-Adv Messages)3 E F0 1.92 -.96(We r)72 443.2 T
(ecommend that PMBRs are con\214gured to drop C-RP-Adv messages.).96 E
(One might)6 E(con\214gure the PMBRs to drop all unicast PIM messages \
\(Bootstrap message, Candidate)72 456.2 Q(RP Adv)72 469.2 Q
(ertisement, PIM re)-.18 E(gister and PIM re)-.18 E(gister stop\).)-.18
E(PMBRs may also perform)6 E(source-address \214ltering to pre)72 482.2
Q -.18(ve)-.3 G(nt pack).18 E
(ets entering the PIM domain with IP source)-.12 E
(addresses that are infrastructure addresses in the PIM domain.)72 495.2
Q 1.92 -.96(We a)6 H(lso recommend that).96 E(implementations ha)72
508.2 Q .36 -.18(ve a w)-.24 H
(ay of restricting which IP addresses the BSR accepts C-RP-).06 E
(Adv messages from.)72 521.2 Q
(The BSR can then be con\214gured to only accept C-RP-Adv)6 E(messages \
from infrastructure addresses or the subset used for candidate RPs.)72
534.2 Q(If the unicast and multicast topologies are kno)72 550.8 Q
(wn to be congruent, the follo)-.3 E(wing checks)-.3 E(should be made.)
72 563.8 Q(On interf)6 E
(aces that are con\214gured to be leaf subnets, all C-RP-Adv)-.12 E
(messages should be dropped.)72 576.8 Q
(On multi-access subnets with multiple PIM routers and)6 E(hosts that a\
re not trusted, the router can at least check that the source MA)72
589.8 Q 3(Ca)-.48 G(ddress is that)-3 E(of a v)72 602.8 Q
(alid PIM neighbor)-.3 E(.)-.66 E F1 3(6.4.2. Cryptographic)72 628.8 R
(Security of C-RP-Adv Messages)3 E F0 -.18(Fo)72 645.4 S 3(rt).18 G
(rue security)-3 E 3(,w)-.78 G 3(er)-3 G
(ecommend that all C-RPs are con\214gured to use IPsec)-3 E 3
(authentication. The)72 658.4 R
(authentication process for a C-RP-Adv message between a C-RP and)3 E
(the BSR is identical to the authentication process for PIM Re)72 671.4
Q(gister messages between a)-.18 E(DR and the rele)72 684.4 Q -.3(va)-.3
G(nt RP).3 E 3(,e)-1.332 G(xcept that there will normally be fe)-3.18 E
(wer C-RPs in a domain than)-.3 E(there are DRs, so k)72 697.4 Q .36
-.18(ey m)-.12 H(anagement is a little simpler).18 E 6(.W)-.66 G 3(ed)
-6.96 G 3(on)-3 G(ot describe the details of)-3 E
(this process further here, b)72 710.4 Q
(ut refer to the Security Considerations section of [1].)-.24 E
(Note that)6 E
(the use of cryptographic security for C-RP-Adv messages does not remo)
72 723.4 Q .36 -.18(ve t)-.18 H(he need for).18 E(Bhaskar/Gall/Ling)72
769 Q(ard/V)-.06 E 168.948(enaas Section)-1.332 F 3(6.4.2. [P)3 F
(age 31])-.18 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 12/Times-Roman@0 SF(INTERNET)72 49 Q 55.458(-DRAFT Expires:)-1.104 F
(February 2008)3 E(August 2007)97.674 E
(the non-cryptographic mechanisms, as e)72 85 Q(xplained abo)-.18 E -.18
(ve)-.18 G(.).18 E/F1 12/Times-Bold@0 SF(6.5.)72 111 Q/F2 14
/Times-Bold@0 SF(Denial of Ser)6 E(vice using IPsec)-.14 E F0(An additi\
onal concern is that of Denial-of-Service attacks caused by sending hig\
h)72 127.6 Q -.24(vo)72 140.6 S
(lumes of Bootstrap messages or C-RP-Adv messages with in).24 E -.3(va)
-.48 G(lid IPsec authentication).3 E 3(information. It)72 153.6 R
(is possible that these messages could o)3 E -.18(ve)-.18 G
(rwhelm the CPU resources of).18 E(the recipient.)72 166.6 Q
(The non-cryptographic security mechanisms abo)72 183.2 Q .36 -.18(ve r)
-.18 H(estrict from where unicast Bootstrap).18 E
(messages and C-RP-Adv messages are accepted.)72 196.2 Q
(In addition, we recommend that rate-)6 E(limiting mechanisms can be co\
n\214gured, to be applied on receipt of unicast PIM pack)72 209.2 Q
(ets.)-.12 E(The rate-limiter MUST independently rate-limit dif)72 222.2
Q(ferent types of PIM pack)-.3 E(ets - for)-.12 E -.18(ex)72 235.2 S
(ample a \215ood of C-RP-Adv messages MUST NO).18 E 3(Tc)-.48 G
(ause a rate limiter to drop lo)-3 E(w-rate)-.3 E(Bootstrap messages.)72
248.2 Q
(Such a rate-limiter might itself be used to cause a denial of service)6
E(attack by causing v)72 261.2 Q(alid pack)-.3 E(ets to be dropped, b)
-.12 E(ut in practice this is more lik)-.24 E(ely to)-.12 E
(constrain bad PIM messages.)72 274.2 Q(The rate limiter will pre)6 E
-.18(ve)-.3 G(nt attacks on PIM from af).18 E(fecting)-.3 E(other acti)
72 287.2 Q(vity on the recei)-.3 E(ving router)-.3 E 3(,s)-.48 G
(uch as unicast routing.)-3 E F1(7.)72 313.2 Q/F3 15/Times-Bold@0 SF
(Contrib)6 E(utors)-.3 E F0(Bill Fenner)72 329.8 Q 3(,M)-.48 G
(ark Handle)-3 E 1.56 -.78(y, R)-.18 H(oger K).78 E(ermode and Da)-.3 E
(vid Thaler ha)-.24 E .36 -.18(ve c)-.24 H(ontrib).18 E(uted greatly to)
-.24 E(this draft.)72 342.8 Q(The)6 E 3(yw)-.18 G
(ere authors of this draft up to v)-3 E
(ersion 03, and much of the current te)-.18 E(xt)-.18 E(comes from v)72
355.8 Q(ersion 03.)-.18 E F1(8.)72 381.8 Q F3(Ackno)6 E(wledgments)-.15
E F0(PIM-SM w)72 398.4 Q(as designed o)-.12 E -.18(ve)-.18 G 3(rm).18 G
(an)-3 E 3(yy)-.18 G(ears by a lar)-3 E
(ge group of people, including ideas from)-.216 E
(Deborah Estrin, Dino F)72 411.4 Q(arinacci, Ahmed Helmy)-.18 E 3(,S)
-.78 G(te)-3 E .36 -.18(ve D)-.3 H(eering, V).18 E(an Jacobson, C. Liu,)
-1.332 E(Puneet Sharma, Liming W)72 424.4 Q(ei, T)-.96 E(om Pusateri, T)
-.96 E(on)-.96 E 3(yB)-.18 G(allardie, Scott Brim, Jon Cro)-3 E(wcroft,)
-.3 E -.18(Pa)72 437.4 S
(ul Francis, Joel Halpern, Horst Hodel, Polly Huang, Stephen Ostro).18 E
(wski, Lixia Zhang,)-.3 E(Girish Chandranmenon, P)72 450.4 Q -.24(av)
-.18 G(lin Radosla).24 E -2.7 -.24(vo v)-.24 H 3(,J)-.54 G
(ohn Zwiebel, Isidor K)-3 E(ouv)-.42 E(elas and Hugh)-.18 E 3
(Holbrook. This)72 463.4 R(BSR speci\214cation dra)3 E(ws hea)-.18 E
(vily on te)-.24 E(xt from RFC 2362.)-.18 E(Man)72 480 Q 3(ym)-.18 G
(embers of the PIM W)-3 E(orking Group ha)-.96 E .36 -.18(ve c)-.24 H
(ontrib).18 E(uted comments and corrections)-.24 E
(for this document, including Christopher Thomas Bro)72 493 Q
(wn, Ardas Cilingiroglu, Murth)-.3 E(y)-.06 E(Esak)72 506 Q(onu, V)-.12
E(enugopal Hemige, Prashant Jhingran, Rishabh P)-1.332 E
(arekh and Katta)-.18 E(Sambasi)72 519 Q -.3(va)-.3 G(rao.).3 E F1(9.)72
545 Q F3(IAN)6 E 3.75(AC)-.3 G(onsiderations)-3.75 E F0
(This document has no actions for IAN)72 561.6 Q(A.)-.42 E F1(10.)72
587.6 Q F3(Normati)6 E .3 -.15(ve R)-.15 H(efer).15 E(ences)-.27 E F0
([1] W)72 604.2 Q 3(.F)-1.104 G(enner)-3 E 3(,M)-.48 G 3(.H)-3 G(andle)
-3 E 1.56 -.78(y, H)-.18 H 3(.H).78 G(olbrook, I. K)-3 E(ouv)-.42 E
(elas, "Protocol Independent Multicast -)-.18 E
(Sparse Mode \(PIM-SM\): Protocol Speci\214cation \(Re)97 617.2 Q
(vised\)", RFC 4601, August)-.3 E(2006.)97 630.2 Q([2] M. Handle)72
646.8 Q 1.56 -.78(y, I)-.18 H 3(.K).78 G(ouv)-3.42 E(elas, T)-.18 E 3
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(Independent Multicast \(BIDIR-PIM\)", Internet Draft draft-ietf-pim-bi\
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([4] S. Deering, B. Haberman, T)72 693 Q 3(.J)-.888 G
(inmei, E. Nordmark, B. Zill, "IPv6 Scoped Address)-3 E
(Architecture", RFC 4007, March 2005.)97 706 Q(Bhaskar/Gall/Ling)72 769
Q(ard/V)-.06 E 180.948(enaas Section)-1.332 F 3(10. [P)3 F(age 32])-.18
E 0 Cg EP
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(February 2008)3 E(August 2007)97.674 E
([5] R. Hinden, S. Deering, "IP V)72 85 Q
(ersion 6 Addressing Architecture", RFC 4291, February)-1.332 E(2006.)97
98 Q([6] S. Bradner)72 114.6 Q 3(,")-.48 G -2.58 -.3(Ke y)-3 H -.12(wo)
3.3 G(rds for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Le).12 E -.18(ve)-.3 G
(ls", BCP 14,).18 E(RFC 2119, March 1997.)97 127.6 Q/F1 12/Times-Bold@0
SF(11.)72 153.6 Q/F2 15/Times-Bold@0 SF(Inf)6 E(ormati)-.375 E .3 -.15
(ve R)-.15 H(efer).15 E(ences)-.27 E F0([7] D. Estrin et al., "Protocol\
Independent Multicast - Sparse Mode \(PIM-SM\): Protocol)72 170.2 Q
(Speci\214cation", RFC 2362, June 1998 \(no)97 183.2 Q 3(wo)-.3 G
(bsolete\).)-3 E([8] D. Kim, D. Me)72 199.8 Q(yer)-.18 E 3(,H)-.48 G 3
(.K)-3 G(ilmer)-3 E 3(,D)-.48 G 3(.F)-3 G(arinacci, "An)-3.18 E
(ycast Rende)-.18 E -.24(vo)-.3 G(us Point \(RP\)).24 E(mechanism using\
Protocol Independent Multicast \(PIM\) and Multicast Source)97 212.8 Q
(Disco)97 225.8 Q -.18(ve)-.18 G
(ry Protocol \(MSDP\)", RFC 3446, January 2003.).18 E([9] D. F)72 242.4
Q(arinacci, Y)-.18 E 3(.C)-1.548 G(ai, "An)-3 E
(ycast-RP Using Protocol Independent Multicast \(PIM\)",)-.18 E
(RFC 4610, August 2006)97 255.4 Q([10] W)72 272 Q 3(.A)-1.104 G(tw)-3 E
(ood, S. Islam, "Security Issues in PIM-SM Link-local Messages", Intern\
et)-.12 E(Draft draft-ietf-pim-sm-linklocal-01, W)97 285 Q
(ork in Progress, July 2007.)-.96 E([11] IAN)72 301.6 Q(A, "Address F)
-.42 E(amily Numbers", link)-.18 E(ed from http://www)-.12 E(.iana.or)
-.78 E(g/numbers.html)-.216 E F1 -.6(Au)72 327.6 S(thors' Addr).6 E
(esses)-.216 E F0(Nidhi Bhaskar)108 346.6 Q(Arastra, Inc.)108 359.6 Q
-1.332(P.)108 372.6 S(O. Box 10905)1.332 E -.18(Pa)108 385.6 S
(lo Alto, CA 94303).18 E(USA)108 398.6 Q(nidhi@arastra.com)108 411.6 Q
(Ale)108 436.6 Q(xander Gall)-.18 E(SWITCH)108 449.6 Q(Limmatquai 138)
108 462.6 Q -1.332(P.)108 475.6 S(O. Box)1.332 E(CH-8021 Zurich)108
488.6 Q(Switzerland)108 501.6 Q -.06(ga)108 514.6 S(ll@switch.ch).06 E
(James Ling)108 539.6 Q(ard)-.06 E(Arastra, Inc.)108 552.6 Q -1.332(P.)
108 565.6 S(O. Box 10905)1.332 E -.18(Pa)108 578.6 S(lo Alto, CA 94303)
.18 E(USA)108 591.6 Q(jchl@arastra.com)108 604.6 Q(Stig V)108 629.6 Q
(enaas)-1.332 E(UNINETT)108 642.6 Q(NO-7465 T)108 655.6 Q(rondheim)-.42
E(Norw)108 668.6 Q(ay)-.12 E -.18(ve)108 681.6 S(naas@uninett.no).18 E
(Bhaskar/Gall/Ling)72 769 Q(ard/V)-.06 E 180.948(enaas Section)-1.332 F
3(11. [P)3 F(age 33])-.18 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 12/Times-Roman@0 SF(INTERNET)72 49 Q 55.458(-DRAFT Expires:)-1.104 F
(February 2008)3 E(August 2007)97.674 E/F1 12/Times-Bold@0 SF
(Copyright Statement)72 85 Q F0(Cop)72 101.6 Q(yright \(C\) The IETF T)
-.12 E(rust \(2007\).)-.42 E(This document is subject to the rights, li\
censes and restrictions contained in BCP 78, and)72 118.2 Q -.18(ex)72
131.2 S(cept as set forth therein, the authors retain all their rights.)
.18 E(This document and the information contained herein are pro)72
147.8 Q(vided on an "AS IS" basis)-.18 E(and THE CONTRIB)72 160.8 Q(UT)
-.12 E(OR, THE ORGANIZA)-.216 E(TION HE/SHE REPRESENTS OR IS)-1.332 E
(SPONSORED BY \(IF ANY\), THE INTERNET SOCIETY)72 173.8 Q 3(,T)-1.548 G
(HE IETF TR)-3 E(UST AND)-.48 E(THE INTERNET ENGINEERING T)72 186.8 Q
(ASK FORCE DISCLAIM ALL W)-1.116 E(ARRANTIES,)-1.44 E
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(IMITED T)-3 E 3(OA)-.216 G(NY W)-3 E(ARRANTY)-1.44 E(THA)72 212.8 Q 3
(TT)-1.332 G(HE USE OF THE INFORMA)-3 E(TION HEREIN WILL NO)-1.332 E 3
(TI)-.48 G(NFRINGE ANY)-3 E(RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED W)72 225.8 Q
(ARRANTIES OF MERCHANT)-1.44 E(ABILITY OR FITNESS)-1.116 E(FOR A P)72
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Q(operty)-.216 E F0(The IETF tak)72 281.4 Q(es no position re)-.12 E
-.06(ga)-.18 G(rding the v).06 E(alidity or scope of an)-.3 E 3(yI)-.18
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G(ilable, or the result of an attempt made to obtain a general license \
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rs or users of this)72 389 Q(speci\214cation can be obtained from the I\
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E(g/ipr)-.216 E(.)-.66 E(The IETF in)72 431.6 Q(vites an)-.48 E 3(yi)
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(Please address the information to the IETF at ietf-)6 E(ipr@ietf.or)72
470.6 Q(g.)-.216 E(Bhaskar/Gall/Ling)72 769 Q(ard/V)-.06 E 180.948
(enaas Section)-1.332 F 3(11. [P)3 F(age 34])-.18 E 0 Cg EP
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