One document matched: draft-ietf-pim-sm-bsr-11.ps

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/F0 10/Courier-Bold@0 SF(Internet Engineering Task Force)72 85 Q(PIM WG)
210 E 216(INTERNET-DRAFT Nidhi)72 98 R(Bhaskar/Arastra)6 E 138
(draft-ietf-pim-sm-bsr-11.ps Alexander)72 111 R(Gall/SWITCH)6 E
(James Lingard/Arastra)378 124 Q(Stig Venaas/UNINETT)390 137 Q 6(9J)438
150 S(uly 2007)-6 E(Expires: January 2008)378 163 Q/F1 14/Times-Bold@0
SF(Bootstrap Router \(BSR\) Mechanism f)153.446 188 Q(or PIM)-.35 E/F2
11/Times-Bold@0 SF(Status of this Document)72 233 Q/F3 11/Times-Roman@0
SF(By submitting this Internet-Draft, each author represents that an)72
249.6 Q 2.75(ya)-.165 G(pplicable patent or other IPR)-2.75 E
(claims of which he or she is a)72 262.6 Q -.11(wa)-.165 G(re ha).11 E
.33 -.165(ve b)-.22 H(een or will be disclosed, and an).165 E 2.75(yo)
-.165 G 2.75(fw)-2.75 G(hich he or she)-2.75 E(becomes a)72 275.6 Q -.11
(wa)-.165 G
(re will be disclosed, in accordance with Section 6 of BCP 79.).11 E
(Internet-Drafts are w)72 301.6 Q
(orking documents of the Internet Engineering T)-.11 E(ask F)-.88 E
(orce \(IETF\), its areas,)-.165 E(and its w)72 314.6 Q(orking groups.)
-.11 E(Note that other groups may also distrib)5.5 E(ute w)-.22 E
(orking documents as)-.11 E(Internet-Drafts.)72 327.6 Q
(Internet-Drafts are draft documents v)72 353.6 Q
(alid for a maximum of six months and may be updated,)-.275 E
(replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at an)72 366.6 Q 2.75(yt)
-.165 G 2.75(ime. It)-2.75 F(is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts)
2.75 E(as reference material or to cite them other than as "w)72 379.6 Q
(ork in progress.")-.11 E
(The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at http://www)72
405.6 Q(.ietf.or)-.715 E(g/1id-abstracts.html)-.198 E
(The list of Internet-Draft Shado)72 431.6 Q 2.75(wD)-.275 G
(irectories can be accessed at http://www)-2.75 E(.ietf.or)-.715 E
(g/shado)-.198 E -.715(w.)-.275 G(html).715 E
(This document is a product of the IETF PIM WG.)72 457.6 Q
(Comments should be addressed to the authors,)5.5 E(or the WG')72 470.6
Q 2.75(sm)-.605 G(ailing list at pim@ietf.or)-2.75 E(g.)-.198 E F2
(Copyright Notice)72 496.6 Q F3(Cop)72 513.2 Q(yright \(C\) The IETF T)
-.11 E(rust \(2007\).)-.385 E F2(Abstract)267.534 535.8 Q F3(This docum\
ent speci\214es the Bootstrap Router \(BSR\) mechanism for the class of)
97 558.4 Q(multicast routing protocols in the PIM \(Protocol Independen\
t Multicast\) f)97 571.4 Q(amily that)-.11 E
(use the concept of a Rendezv)97 584.4 Q(ous Point as a means for recei)
-.22 E -.165(ve)-.275 G(rs to disco).165 E -.165(ve)-.165 G 2.75(rt).165
G(he sources)-2.75 E(that send to a particular multicast group.)97 597.4
Q(BSR is one w)5.5 E(ay that a multicast router can)-.11 E
(learn the set of group-to-RP mappings required in order to function.)97
610.4 Q(The mechanism)5.5 E(is dynamic, lar)97 623.4 Q
(gely self-con\214guring, and rob)-.198 E(ust to router f)-.22 E
(ailure.)-.11 E(Bhaskar/Gall/Ling)72 769 Q(ard/V)-.055 E 262.369
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(January 2008)2.75 E(July 2007)123.726 E/F1 13/Times-Bold@0 SF -1.196
(Ta)239.126 98 S(ble of Contents)1.196 E/F2 10/Times-Roman@0 SF
(1. Introduction)97 136 Q F0 11(......................)3.56 G F2(3)11.5
E(1.1. Background)107 148 Q F0 11(.....................).37 G F2(3)11.5
E(1.2. Protocol Ov)107 160 Q(ervie)-.15 E(w)-.25 E F0 11
(...................)1.33 G F2(4)11.5 E(1.3. Administrati)107 172 Q .3
-.15(ve S)-.25 H(coping and BSR).15 E F0 11(..............)12.28 G F2(5)
11.5 E(2. BSR State and T)97 184 Q(imers)-.35 E F0 11
(...................)5.43 G F2(6)11.5 E
(3. Bootstrap Router Election and RP-Set Distrib)97 196 Q(ution)-.2 E F0
11(...........)1.39 G F2(7)11.5 E(3.1. Bootstrap Router Election)107 208
Q F0 11(................)13.56 G F2(7)11.5 E(3.1.1. Per)117 220 Q
(-Scope-Zone Candidate-BSR State Machine)-.2 E F0 11(.........)6.7 G F2
(8)11.5 E(3.1.2. Per)117 232 Q
(-Scope-Zone State Machine for Non-Candidate-BSR Routers)-.2 E F0 11
(....)7.13 G F2(10)6.5 E(3.1.3. Bootstrap Message Processing Checks)117
244 Q F0 11(............)1.35 G F2(11)6.5 E(3.1.4. State Machine T)117
256 Q(ransition Ev)-.35 E(ents)-.15 E F0 11(.............)11.43 G F2(12)
6.5 E(3.1.5. State Machine Actions)117 268 Q F0 11(................)9.4
G F2(13)6.5 E(3.2. Sending Candidate-RP-Adv)107 280 Q
(ertisement Messages)-.15 E F0 11(..........)5.67 G F2(14)6.5 E
(3.3. Creating the RP-Set at the BSR)107 292 Q F0 11(...............)
5.91 G F2(15)6.5 E(3.4. F)107 304 Q(orw)-.15 E
(arding Bootstrap Messages)-.1 E F0 11(...............)2.57 G F2(17)6.5
E(3.5. Bootstrap Messages to Ne)107 316 Q 2.5(wa)-.25 G
(nd Rebooting Routers)-2.5 E F0 11(.........)7.85 G F2(18)6.5 E
(3.5.1. No-F)117 328 Q(orw)-.15 E(ard Bootstrap Messages)-.1 E F0 11
(.............)9.8 G F2(18)6.5 E(3.5.2. Unicasting Bootstrap Messages)
117 340 Q F0 11(..............)1.9 G F2(18)6.5 E(3.6. Recei)107 352 Q
(ving and Using the RP-Set)-.25 E F0 11(...............)2.56 G F2(18)6.5
E(4. Message F)97 364 Q(ormats)-.15 E F0 11(....................)10.38 G
F2(19)6.5 E(4.1. Bootstrap Message F)107 376 Q(ormat)-.15 E F0 11
(................)10.38 G F2(20)6.5 E
(4.1.1. Semantic Fragmentation of BSMs)117 388 Q F0 11(.............)
5.36 G F2(23)6.5 E(4.2. Candidate-RP-Adv)107 400 Q(ertisement Message F)
-.15 E(ormat)-.15 E F0 11(..........)13.6 G F2(24)6.5 E(5. T)97 412 Q
(imers and T)-.35 E(imer V)-.35 E(alues)-1.11 E F0 11
(..................)7.33 G F2(25)6.5 E(6. Security Considerations)97 424
Q F0 11(..................)12.17 G F2(27)6.5 E(6.1. Possible Threats)107
436 Q F0 11(...................)10.92 G F2(27)6.5 E
(6.2. Limiting Third-P)107 448 Q(arty DoS Attacks)-.15 E F0 11
(..............)8.15 G F2(27)6.5 E(6.3. Bootstrap Message Security)107
460 Q F0 11(................)5.79 G F2(28)6.5 E
(6.3.1. Rejecting Bootstrap Messages from In)117 472 Q -.25(va)-.4 G
(lid Neighbors).25 E F0 11(.......)6.87 G F2(28)6.5 E
(6.4. Candidate-RP-Adv)107 484 Q(ertisement Message Security)-.15 E F0
11(..........)9.01 G F2(29)6.5 E
(6.4.1. Non-Cryptographic Security of C-RP-Adv Messages)117 496 Q F0 11
(.......)12.61 G F2(29)6.5 E
(6.4.2. Cryptographic Security of C-RP-Adv Messages)117 508 Q F0 11
(.........)5.66 G F2(29)6.5 E(6.5. Denial of Service using IPsec)107 520
Q F0 11(...............)13.44 G F2(29)6.5 E(7. Contrib)97 532 Q(utors)
-.2 E F0 11(......................)2.64 G F2(29)6.5 E(8. Ackno)97 544 Q
(wledgments)-.25 E F0 11(....................)5.76 G F2(30)6.5 E(9. IAN)
97 556 Q 2.5(AC)-.35 G(onsiderations)-2.5 E F0 11(...................)
7.11 G F2(30)6.5 E(10. Normati)97 568 Q .3 -.15(ve R)-.25 H(eferences)
.15 E F0 11(..................)13.71 G F2(30)6.5 E(11. Informati)97 580
Q .3 -.15(ve R)-.25 H(eferences).15 E F0 11(..................)9.27 G F2
(30)6.5 E F1(List of Figur)247.674 632 Q(es)-.234 E F2(Figure 1. Per)97
670 Q(-Scope-Zone state machine for a Candidate-BSR)-.2 E F0 11
(........)8.52 G F2(7)11.5 E(Figure 2. Per)97 682 Q
(-Scope-Zone state machine for a router not con\214gured as C-BSR)-.2 E
F0 11(...)13.39 G F2(9)11.5 E F0(Bhaskar/Gall/Ling)72 769 Q(ard/V)-.055
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(This document assumes some f)72 101.6 Q
(amiliarity with the concepts of Protocol Independent Multicast -)-.11 E
(Sparse Mode \(PIM-SM\), as de\214ned in [1], and Bi-directional Protoc\
ol Independent Multicast)72 114.6 Q
(\(BIDIR-PIM\), as de\214ned in [2], as well as with Administrati)72
127.6 Q -.165(ve)-.275 G(ly Scoped IP Multicast, as).165 E(described in\
 [3], and the IPv6 Scoped Address Architecture, described in [4].)72
140.6 Q -.165(Fo)72 157.2 S 2.75(rc).165 G(orrect operation, e)-2.75 E
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(ry multicast router within a PIM domain must be able to map a).165 E
(particular multicast group address to the same Rendezv)72 170.2 Q
(ous Point \(RP\).)-.22 E(The PIM speci\214cations)5.5 E
(do not mandate the use of a single mechanism to pro)72 183.2 Q
(vide routers with the information to perform)-.165 E
(this group-to-RP mapping.)72 196.2 Q
(This document describes the PIM Bootstrap Router \(BSR\) mechanism.)72
212.8 Q(BSR is one w)5.5 E(ay that a)-.11 E(multicast router can learn \
the information required to perform the group-to-RP mapping.)72 225.8 Q
(The)5.5 E(mechanism is dynamic, lar)72 238.8 Q
(gely self-con\214guring, and rob)-.198 E(ust to router f)-.22 E
(ailure.)-.11 E(BSR w)72 255.4 Q(as \214rst de\214ned in RFC 2362 [7] a\
s part of the original PIM-SM speci\214cation, which has)-.11 E
(been obsoleted by RFC 4601 [1].)72 268.4 Q(This document pro)5.5 E
(vides an updated speci\214cation of the BSR)-.165 E
(mechanism from RFC 2362, and also e)72 281.4 Q
(xtends it to cope with administrati)-.165 E -.165(ve)-.275 G
(ly scoped re).165 E(gion)-.165 E(boundaries and dif)72 294.4 Q
(ferent \215a)-.275 E -.22(vo)-.22 G(rs of routing protocols.).22 E
(Throughout the document, an)72 311 Q 2.75(yr)-.165 G
(eference to the PIM protocol f)-2.75 E
(amily is restricted to the subset of)-.11 E(RP-based protocols, namely\
 PIM-SM and BIDIR-PIM, unless stated otherwise.)72 324 Q(The k)72 340.6
Q .33 -.165(ey w)-.11 H(ords "MUST", "MUST NO).055 E(T", "REQ)-.44 E
(UIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NO)-.11 E(T",)-.44 E("SHOULD", "SHOULD NO)72
353.6 Q(T", "RECOMMENDED",)-.44 E("MA)5.5 E(Y", and "OPTION)-1.155 E
(AL" in this)-.385 E
(document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [6].)72 366.6 Q
F1(1.1.)72 392.6 Q/F3 13/Times-Bold@0 SF(Backgr)5.5 E(ound)-.234 E F0
2.75(AP)72 409.2 S(IM domain is a contiguous set of routers that all im\
plement PIM and are con\214gured to operate)-2.75 E(within a common bou\
ndary de\214ned by PIM Multicast Border Routers \(PMBRs\).)72 422.2 Q
(PMBRs)5.5 E(connect each PIM domain to the rest of the internet.)72
435.2 Q(Ev)72 451.8 Q(ery PIM multicast group needs to be associated wi\
th the IP address of a Rendezv)-.165 E(ous Point)-.22 E 2.75
(\(RP\). This)72 464.8 R
(address is used as the root of a group-speci\214c distrib)2.75 E
(ution tree whose branches e)-.22 E(xtend)-.165 E
(to all nodes in the domain that w)72 477.8 Q(ant to recei)-.11 E .33
-.165(ve t)-.275 H(raf).165 E(\214c sent to the group.)-.275 E
(Senders inject pack)5.5 E(ets)-.11 E
(into the tree in such a manner that the)72 490.8 Q 2.75(yr)-.165 G
(each all connected recei)-2.75 E -.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75(rs. Ho).165 F
2.75(wt)-.275 G(his is done and ho)-2.75 E(w)-.275 E(the pack)72 503.8 Q
(ets are forw)-.11 E(arded along the distrib)-.11 E
(ution tree depends on the particular routing protocol.)-.22 E -.165(Fo)
72 520.4 S 2.75(ra).165 G(ll senders to reach all recei)-2.75 E -.165
(ve)-.275 G
(rs, it is crucial that all routers in the domain use the same).165 E
(mappings of group addresses to RP addresses.)72 533.4 Q(An e)72 550 Q
(xception to the abo)-.165 E .33 -.165(ve i)-.165 H 2.75(sw).165 G
(here a PIM domain has been brok)-2.75 E(en up into multiple)-.11 E
(administrati)72 563 Q .33 -.165(ve s)-.275 H(cope re).165 E 2.75
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-2.75 E(the same scope re)72 589 Q
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-.165 E(gion.)-.165 E(In order to determine the RP for a multicast grou\
p, a PIM router maintains a collection of group-)72 605.6 Q
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(In general, the group ranges of these group-to-RP mappings may o)72 85
Q -.165(ve)-.165 G(rlap in arbitrary w).165 E(ays; hence)-.11 E 2.75(ap)
72 98 S(articular multicast group may be co)-2.75 E -.165(ve)-.165 G
(red by multiple group-to-RP mappings.).165 E(When this is the)5.5 E(ca\
se, the router chooses only one of the RPs by applying a deterministic \
algorithm so that all)72 111 Q(routers in the domain mak)72 124 Q 2.75
(et)-.11 G(he same choice.)-2.75 E
(It is important to note that this algorithm is part of)5.5 E
(the speci\214cation of the indi)72 137 Q
(vidual routing protocols \(and may dif)-.275 E
(fer among them\), not of the BSR)-.275 E 2.75(speci\214cation. E.g.)72
150 R(PIM-SM [1] de\214nes one such algorithm.)2.75 E(It mak)5.5 E
(es use of a hash function for)-.11 E
(the case where a group range has multiple RPs with the same priority)72
163 Q 5.5(.T)-.715 G(he hash mask length is)-5.5 E
(used by this function.)72 176 Q(There are a number of w)72 192.6 Q
(ays in which such group-to-RP mappings can be established.)-.11 E(The)
5.5 E(simplest solution is for all the routers in the domain to be stat\
ically con\214gured with the same)72 205.6 Q 2.75(information. Ho)72
218.6 R(we)-.275 E -.165(ve)-.275 G .88 -.44(r, s).165 H
(tatic con\214guration generally doesn').44 E 2.75(ts)-.198 G
(cale well, and, e)-2.75 E(xcept when used in)-.165 E
(conjunction with An)72 231.6 Q(ycast-RP \(see [8] and [9]\), does not \
dynamically adapt to route around router)-.165 E(or link f)72 244.6 Q
(ailures.)-.11 E(The BSR mechanism pro)72 261.2 Q(vides a w)-.165 E
(ay in which viable group-to-RP mappings can be created and)-.11 E
(rapidly distrib)72 274.2 Q(uted to all the PIM routers in a domain.)
-.22 E(It is adapti)5.5 E -.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75(,i).165 G 2.75(nt)-2.75
G(hat if an RP becomes)-2.75 E(unreachable, this will be detected and t\
he RP-Sets will be modi\214ed so that the unreachable RP is)72 287.2 Q
(no longer used.)72 300.2 Q/F1 11/Times-Bold@0 SF(1.2.)72 326.2 Q/F2 13
/Times-Bold@0 SF(Pr)5.5 E(otocol Ov)-.234 E(er)-.13 E(view)-.13 E F0
(In this section we gi)72 342.8 Q .33 -.165(ve a)-.275 H 2.75(ni).165 G
(nformal and non-de\214niti)-2.75 E .33 -.165(ve ove)-.275 H(rvie).165 E
2.75(wo)-.275 G 2.75(ft)-2.75 G(he BSR mechanism.)-2.75 E(The)5.5 E
(de\214niti)72 355.8 Q .33 -.165(ve s)-.275 H(peci\214cation be).165 E
(gins in section 2.)-.165 E(The general idea behind the BSR mechanism i\
s that some of the PIM routers within a PIM)72 372.4 Q
(domain are con\214gured to be potential RPs for the domain.)72 385.4 Q
(These are kno)5.5 E(wn as Candidate-RPs)-.275 E 2.75(\(C-RPs\). A)72
398.4 R(subset of the C-RPs will e)2.75 E -.165(ve)-.275 G
(ntually be used as the actual RPs for the domain.).165 E(In)5.5 E(addi\
tion, some of the PIM routers in the domain are con\214gured to be cand\
idate bootstrap routers,)72 411.4 Q(or Candidate-BSRs \(C-BSRs\).)72
424.4 Q(One of these C-BSRs will be elected to be the bootstrap router)
5.5 E(\(BSR\) for the domain, and all the PIM routers in the domain wil\
l learn the result of this election)72 437.4 Q
(through Bootstrap messages.)72 450.4 Q
(The C-RPs will then report their candidac)5.5 E 2.75(yt)-.165 G 2.75
(ot)-2.75 G(he elected BSR,)-2.75 E
(which chooses a subset of these C-RPs and distrib)72 463.4 Q
(utes corresponding group-to-RP mappings to)-.22 E
(all the routers in the domain through Bootstrap messages.)72 476.4 Q
(In more detail, the BSR mechanism w)72 493 Q(orks as follo)-.11 E 2.75
(ws. There)-.275 F(are four basic phases \(although in)2.75 E
(practice all phases may be occurring simultaneously\):)72 506 Q F1(1.)
72 522.6 Q F0(BSR Election.)16.75 E
(Each Candidate-BSR originates Bootstrap messages \(BSMs\).)5.5 E(Ev)5.5
E(ery BSM)-.165 E(contains a BSR Priority \214eld.)97 535.6 Q
(Routers within the domain \215ood the BSMs throughout the)5.5 E 2.75
(domain. A)97 548.6 R(C-BSR that hears about a higher)2.75 E
(-priority C-BSR than itself then suppresses its)-.22 E
(sending of further BSMs for some period of time.)97 561.6 Q
(The single remaining C-BSR becomes)5.5 E(the elected BSR, and its BSMs\
 inform all the other routers in the domain that it is the)97 574.6 Q
(elected BSR.)97 587.6 Q F1(2.)72 604.2 Q F0(C-RP Adv)16.75 E 2.75
(ertisement. Each)-.165 F
(Candidate-RP within a domain sends periodic Candidate-RP-)2.75 E(Adv)97
617.2 Q(ertisement \(C-RP-Adv\) messages to the elected BSR.)-.165 E
2.75(AC)5.5 G(-RP-Adv message includes)-2.75 E(the priority of the adv)
97 630.2 Q(ertising C-RP)-.165 E 2.75(,a)-1.221 G 2.75(sw)-2.75 G
(ell as a list of group ranges for which the)-2.75 E(candidac)97 643.2 Q
2.75(yi)-.165 G 2.75(sa)-2.75 G(dv)-2.75 E 2.75(ertised. In)-.165 F
(this w)2.75 E(ay)-.11 E 2.75(,t)-.715 G
(he BSR learns about possible RPs that are currently)-2.75 E
(up and reachable.)97 656.2 Q F1(3.)72 672.8 Q F0(RP-Set F)16.75 E 2.75
(ormation. The)-.165 F
(BSR selects a subset of the C-RPs that it has recei)2.75 E -.165(ve)
-.275 G 2.75(dC).165 G(-RP-Adv)-2.75 E
(messages from to form the RP-Set.)97 685.8 Q
(In general it should do this in such a w)5.5 E(ay that the RP-)-.11 E
(Set is neither too lar)97 698.8 Q(ge to inform all the routers in the \
domain about, nor too small so that)-.198 E(load is o)97 711.8 Q -.165
(ve)-.165 G(rly concentrated on some RPs.).165 E
(It should also attempt to produce an RP-Set that)5.5 E
(does not change frequently)97 724.8 Q(.)-.715 E(Bhaskar/Gall/Ling)72
769 Q(ard/V)-.055 E 204.619(enaas Section)-1.221 F 2.75(1.2. [P)2.75 F
(age 4])-.165 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 11/Times-Roman@0 SF(INTERNET)72 49 Q 71.587(-DRAFT Expires:)-1.012 F
(January 2008)2.75 E(July 2007)123.726 E/F1 11/Times-Bold@0 SF(4.)72 85
Q F0(RP-Set Flooding.)16.75 E
(In future Bootstrap messages, the BSR includes the RP-Set information.)
5.5 E(Bootstrap messages are \215ooded through the domain, which ensure\
s that the RP-Set rapidly)97 98 Q
(reaches all the routers in the domain.)97 111 Q
(BSMs are originated periodically to ensure)5.5 E(consistenc)97 124 Q
2.75(ya)-.165 G(fter f)-2.75 E(ailure restoration.)-.11 E
(When a PIM router recei)97 150 Q -.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75(saB).165 G
(ootstrap message, it adds the group-to-RP mappings)-2.75 E(contained t\
herein to its pool of mappings obtained from other sources \(e.g. stati\
c)97 163 Q 2.75(con\214guration\). It)97 176 R(calculates the \214nal m\
appings of group addresses to RP addresses from)2.75 E(this pool accord\
ing to rules speci\214c to the particular routing protocol and uses tha\
t)97 189 Q(information to construct multicast distrib)97 202 Q
(ution trees.)-.22 E(If a PIM domain becomes partitioned, each area sep\
arated from the old BSR will elect its o)72 218.6 Q(wn)-.275 E
(BSR, which will distrib)72 231.6 Q
(ute an RP-Set containing RPs that are reachable within that partition.)
-.22 E(When the partition heals, another election will occur automatica\
lly and only one of the BSRs will)72 244.6 Q
(continue to send out Bootstrap messages.)72 257.6 Q(As is e)5.5 E
(xpected at the time of a partition or healing,)-.165 E
(some disruption in pack)72 270.6 Q(et deli)-.11 E -.165(ve)-.275 G
(ry may occur).165 E 5.5(.T)-.605 G
(his time will be on the order of the re)-5.5 E(gion')-.165 E(s)-.605 E
(round-trip time and the BS_T)72 283.6 Q(imeout v)-.385 E(alue.)-.275 E
F1(1.3.)72 309.6 Q/F2 13/Times-Bold@0 SF(Administrati)5.5 E .26 -.13
(ve S)-.13 H(coping and BSR).13 E F0(The mechanism described in the pre)
72 326.2 Q(vious section does not w)-.275 E
(ork when the PIM domain is di)-.11 E(vided)-.275 E(into administrati)72
339.2 Q -.165(ve)-.275 G(ly scoped re).165 E 2.75(gions. T)-.165 F 2.75
(oh)-.88 G(andle this situation, we use the protocol modi\214cations)
-2.75 E(described in this section.)72 352.2 Q(In the remainder of this \
document we will use the term scope zone, or simply zone, when we are)72
368.8 Q(talking about a connected re)72 381.8 Q
(gion of topology of a gi)-.165 E -.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75(ns).165 G 2.75
(cope. F)-2.75 F(or a more precise de\214nition of)-.165 E
(scope zones, see [4] emphasize that the scope zones are administrati)72
394.8 Q -.165(ve)-.275 G(ly con\214gured.).165 E(Administrati)72 411.4 Q
.33 -.165(ve s)-.275 H(coping permits a PIM domain to be di).165 E
(vided into multiple admin-scope zones.)-.275 E
(Each admin-scope zone is a con)72 424.4 Q .33 -.165(vex c)-.44 H
(onnected set of PIM routers, and is associated with a set of).165 E
(group addresses.)72 437.4 Q
(The boundary of the admin-scope zone is formed by Zone Border Routers)
5.5 E 2.75(\(ZBRs\). ZBRs)72 450.4 R(are con\214gured not to forw)2.75 E
(ard traf)-.11 E(\214c for an)-.275 E 2.75(yo)-.165 G 2.75(ft)-2.75 G
(he scoped group addresses into or)-2.75 E(out of the scoped zone.)72
463.4 Q(It is important to note that a gi)5.5 E -.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75
(ns).165 G(cope boundary al)-2.75 E -.11(wa)-.11 G(ys creates at least)
.11 E(tw)72 476.4 Q 2.75(os)-.11 G
(coped zones: one on either side of the boundary)-2.75 E(.)-.715 E
(In IPv4, administrati)72 493 Q -.165(ve)-.275 G
(ly scoped zones are associated with a set of addresses gi).165 E -.165
(ve)-.275 G 2.75(nb).165 G 2.75(ya)-2.75 G 2.75(na)-2.75 G(ddress)-2.75
E(and a pre\214x length.)72 506 Q(In IPv6, administrati)5.5 E -.165(ve)
-.275 G(ly scoped zones are associated with a set of addresses).165 E
(gi)72 519 Q -.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75(nb).165 G 2.75(yas)-2.75 G
(ingle scope ID v)-2.75 E 2.75(alue. The)-.275 F
(set of addresses corresponding to a gi)2.75 E -.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75(ns)
.165 G(cope ID v)-2.75 E(alue is)-.275 E(de\214ned in [5].)72 532 Q
-.165(Fo)5.5 G 2.75(re).165 G
(xample, a scope ID of 5 maps to the 16 IPv6 address ranges f)-2.915 E
(f[0-f]5::/16.)-.275 E
(There are certain topological restrictions on admin-scope zones.)72
548.6 Q(The scope zone border must be)5.5 E(complete and con)72 561.6 Q
-.165(vex)-.44 G 5.5(.B).165 G 2.75(yt)-5.5 G
(his we mean that there must be no path from inside the scoped zone to)
-2.75 E(outside it that does not pass through a con\214gured scope bord\
er router)72 574.6 Q 2.75(,a)-.44 G(nd that the multicast)-2.75 E
(capable path between an)72 587.6 Q 2.75(ya)-.165 G(rbitrary pair of mu\
lticast routers in the scope zone must remain in the)-2.75 E(zone.)72
600.6 Q(Administrati)72 617.2 Q .33 -.165(ve s)-.275 H
(coping complicates BSR because we do not w).165 E
(ant a PIM router within the scoped)-.11 E
(zone to use an RP outside the scoped zone.)72 630.2 Q
(Thus we need to modify the basic mechanism to)5.5 E
(ensure that this doesn')72 643.2 Q 2.75(th)-.198 G(appen.)-2.75 E
(This is done by running a separate cop)72 659.8 Q 2.75(yo)-.11 G 2.75
(ft)-2.75 G(he basic BSR mechanism, as described in the)-2.75 E(pre)72
672.8 Q(vious section, within each admin scope zone of a PIM domain.)
-.275 E(Thus a separate BSR election)5.5 E(tak)72 685.8 Q
(es place for each admin-scope zone, a C-RP typically re)-.11 E
(gisters to the BSR of e)-.165 E -.165(ve)-.275 G(ry admin).165 E
(scope zone it is in, and e)72 698.8 Q -.165(ve)-.275 G
(ry PIM router recei).165 E -.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75(sB).165 G
(ootstrap messages for e)-2.75 E -.165(ve)-.275 G(ry scope zone it is)
.165 E 2.75(in. The)72 711.8 R(Bootstrap messages sent by the BSR for a\
 particular scope zone contain information)2.75 E(about the RPs that sh\
ould be used for the set of addresses associated with that scope zone.)
72 724.8 Q(Bhaskar/Gall/Ling)72 769 Q(ard/V)-.055 E 204.619
(enaas Section)-1.221 F 2.75(1.3. [P)2.75 F(age 5])-.165 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 11/Times-Roman@0 SF(INTERNET)72 49 Q 71.587(-DRAFT Expires:)-1.012 F
(January 2008)2.75 E(July 2007)123.726 E(Bootstrap messages are mark)72
85 Q(ed to indicate which scope zone the)-.11 E 2.75(yb)-.165 G
(elong to.)-2.75 E(Such admin scoped)5.5 E
(Bootstrap messages are \215ooded in the normal w)72 98 Q(ay)-.11 E 2.75
(,b)-.715 G(ut will not be forw)-2.97 E(arded by a ZBR across the)-.11 E
(boundary for that scope zone.)72 111 Q -.165(Fo)72 127.6 S 2.75(rt).165
G(he BSR mechanism to function correctly with admin scoping, within eac\
h admin scope zone)-2.75 E(there must be at least one C-BSR, and at lea\
st one C-RP that is con\214gured to be a C-RP for the)72 140.6 Q
(set of group addresses associated with the scoped zone.)72 153.6 Q(Ev)
72 170.2 Q(en when administrati)-.165 E .33 -.165(ve s)-.275 H
(coping is used, a cop).165 E 2.75(yo)-.11 G 2.75(ft)-2.75 G
(he BSR mechanism is still used across the)-2.75 E
(entire PIM domain, in order to distrib)72 183.2 Q
(ute RP information for groups that are not administrati)-.22 E -.165
(ve)-.275 G(ly).165 E 2.75(scoped. W)72 196.2 R 2.75(ec)-.88 G
(all this cop)-2.75 E 2.75(yo)-.11 G 2.75(ft)-2.75 G
(he mechanism Non-Scoped BSR.)-2.75 E(The copies of the mechanism run)
5.5 E(for each admin-scope zone are called Scoped BSR.)72 209.2 Q
(Only the C-BSRs and the ZBRs need to be con\214gured to kno)72 225.8 Q
2.75(wa)-.275 G(bout the e)-2.75 E(xistence of the scope)-.165 E 2.75
(zones. Other)72 238.8 R(routers, including the C-RPs, learn of their e)
2.75 E(xistence from Bootstrap messages.)-.165 E(All PIM routers within\
 a PIM bootstrap domain where admin scope ranges are in use must be)72
255.4 Q(capable of recei)72 268.4 Q(ving Bootstrap messages and storing\
 the winning BSR and RP-Set for all admin)-.275 E
(scope zones that apply)72 281.4 Q 5.5(.T)-.715 G
(hus PIM routers that only implement RFC 2362 or Non-Scoped BSR)-5.5 E
(\(which only allo)72 294.4 Q(ws one BSR per domain\) cannot be used wi\
thin the admin-scope zones of a PIM)-.275 E(domain.)72 307.4 Q/F1 11
/Times-Bold@0 SF(2.)72 333.4 Q/F2 14/Times-Bold@0 SF(BSR State and T)5.5
E(imers)-.252 E F0 2.75(AP)72 350 S
(IM router implementing BSR holds the follo)-2.75 E(wing state.)-.275 E
(RP-Set)97 366.6 Q(Per Con\214gured or Learned Scope Zone \(Z\):)97
383.2 Q(At all routers:)122 399.8 Q(Current Bootstrap Router')147 416.4
Q 2.75(sI)-.605 G 2.75(PA)-2.75 G(ddress)-2.75 E
(Current Bootstrap Router')147 433 Q 2.75(sB)-.605 G(SR Priority)-2.75 E
(Last BSM recei)147 449.6 Q -.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75(df).165 G
(rom current BSR)-2.75 E(Bootstrap T)147 466.2 Q(imer \(BST\(Z\)\))-.385
E(Per group-to-RP mapping \(M\):)147 482.8 Q
(Group-to-RP mapping Expiry T)172 499.4 Q(imer \(GET\(M,Z\)\))-.385 E
(At a Candidate-BSR for Z:)122 516 Q(My state: One of ")147 532.6 Q F1
(Candidate-BSR)A F0(", ")A F1 -.22(Pe)C(nding-BSR).22 E F0(", ")A F1
(Elected-BSR)A F0(")A(At a router that is not a Candidate-BSR for Z:)122
549.2 Q(My state: One of ")147 565.8 Q F1(Accept Any)A F0(", ")A F1
(Accept Pr)A(eferr)-.198 E(ed)-.198 E F0(")A(Scope-Zone Expiry T)147
582.4 Q(imer \(SZT\(Z\)\))-.385 E
(At the current Bootstrap Router for Z only:)122 599 Q
(Per group-to-C-RP mapping \(M\):)147 615.6 Q
(Group-to-C-RP mapping Expiry T)172 632.2 Q(imer \(CGET\(M,Z\)\))-.385 E
(At a C-RP only:)97 648.8 Q(C-RP Adv)122 665.4 Q(ertisement T)-.165 E
(imer \(CRPT\))-.385 E(Bhaskar/Gall/Ling)72 769 Q(ard/V)-.055 E 212.869
(enaas Section)-1.221 F 2.75(2. [P)2.75 F(age 6])-.165 E 0 Cg EP
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(January 2008)2.75 E(July 2007)123.726 E/F1 11/Times-Bold@0 SF(3.)72 85
Q/F2 14/Times-Bold@0 SF(Bootstrap Router Election and RP-Set Distrib)5.5
E(ution)-.28 E F1(3.1.)72 111 Q/F3 13/Times-Bold@0 SF
(Bootstrap Router Election)5.5 E F0 -.165(Fo)72 127.6 S 2.75(rs).165 G
(implicity)-2.75 E 2.75(,B)-.715 G(ootstrap messages are used in both t\
he BSR election and the RP-Set distrib)-2.75 E(ution)-.22 E(mechanisms.)
72 140.6 Q
(Each Bootstrap message indicates the scope that it belongs to.)72 157.2
Q(If the Admin Scope Zone bit is set)5.5 E(in the \214rst group range i\
n the Bootstrap message, the message is called a scoped BSM.)72 170.2 Q
(If the)5.5 E(Admin Scope Zone bit is not set in the \214rst group rang\
e in the Bootstrap message, the message is)72 183.2 Q
(called a non-scoped BSM.)72 196.2 Q
(In a scoped IPv4 BSM, the scope of the message is gi)72 212.8 Q -.165
(ve)-.275 G 2.75(nb).165 G 2.75(yt)-2.75 G
(he \214rst group range in the message,)-2.75 E(which can be an)72 225.8
Q 2.75(ys)-.165 G(ub-range of 224/4.)-2.75 E
(In a scoped IPv6 BSM, the scope of the message is gi)5.5 E -.165(ve)
-.275 G(n).165 E(by the scope ID of the \214rst group range in the mess\
age, which must ha)72 238.8 Q .33 -.165(ve a m)-.22 H
(ask length of at least).165 E 2.75(16. F)72 251.8 R(or e)-.165 E
(xample, a group range of f)-.165 E
(f05::/16 with the Admin Scope Zone bit set indicates that the)-.275 E
(Bootstrap message is for the scope with scope ID 5.)72 264.8 Q
(If the mask length of the \214rst group range in)5.5 E 2.75(as)72 277.8
S(coped IPv6 BSM is less than 16, the message MUST be dropped and a w)
-2.75 E(arning SHOULD be)-.11 E(logged.)72 290.8 Q(The state machine fo\
r Bootstrap messages depends on whether or not a router has been)72
307.4 Q(con\214gured to be a Candidate-BSR for a particular scope zone.)
72 320.4 Q(The per)5.5 E(-scope-zone state machine)-.22 E
(for a C-BSR is gi)72 333.4 Q -.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75(nb).165 G(elo)-2.75
E 1.43 -.715(w, f)-.275 H(ollo).715 E
(wed by the state machine for a router that is not con\214gured to be)
-.275 E 2.75(aC)72 346.4 S(-BSR.)-2.75 E(Bhaskar/Gall/Ling)72 769 Q
(ard/V)-.055 E 196.369(enaas Section)-1.221 F 2.75(3.1.1. [P)2.75 F
(age 7])-.165 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 11/Times-Roman@0 SF(INTERNET)72 49 Q 71.587(-DRAFT Expires:)-1.012 F
(January 2008)2.75 E(July 2007)123.726 E/F1 11/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.75
(3.1.1. P)72 85 R(er)-.22 E(-Scope-Zone Candidate-BSR State Machine)
-.407 E 21 307 396 541 -205.686 281 108 313.286 PBEGIN
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%%EndProlog

%I Idraw 13 Grid 8 8 

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Begin %I Text
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Begin %I Text
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showpage

%%Trailer

end
%%EndDocument
end PEND(Figur)108 339.286 Q 2.75(e1)-.198 G 2.75(:P)-2.75 G(er)-2.97 E
(-Scope-Zone state machine f)-.407 E(or a Candidate-BSR)-.275 E F0(Per)
72 361.886 Q(-Scope-Zone state machine for a Candidate-BSR in tab)-.22 E
(ular form:)-.22 E .44 LW 503.996 372.636 72 372.636 DL F1
(When in C-BSR state)237.733 382.886 Q 503.996 387.636 72 387.636 DL(Ev)
83.541 397.886 Q(ent)-.11 E F0(Recei)166.667 397.886 Q .33 -.165(ve P)
-.275 H(referred).165 E(BSM)166.667 410.886 Q(Bootstrap T)284.626
397.886 Q(imer)-.385 E(Expires)284.626 410.886 Q(Recei)405.852 397.886 Q
.33 -.165(ve N)-.275 H(on-).165 E(preferred BSM)405.852 410.886 Q
(from Elected BSR)405.852 423.886 Q 503.996 428.636 72 428.636 DL
(-> C-BSR state)166.667 438.886 Q(-> P-BSR state)284.626 438.886 Q
(-> P-BSR state)405.852 438.886 Q F1(Action)83.541 464.886 Q F0 -.165
(Fo)166.667 451.886 S(rw).165 E(ard BSM;)-.11 E(Store RP-Set; Set)
166.667 464.886 Q(Bootstrap T)166.667 477.886 Q(imer to)-.385 E(BS_T)
166.667 490.886 Q(imeout)-.385 E(Set Bootstrap)284.626 451.886 Q -.385
(Ti)284.626 464.886 S(mer to).385 E(BS_Rand_Ov)284.626 477.886 Q(erride)
-.165 E -.165(Fo)405.852 451.886 S(rw).165 E(ard BSM; Set)-.11 E
(Bootstrap T)405.852 464.886 Q(imer to)-.385 E(BS_Rand_Ov)405.852
477.886 Q(erride)-.165 E 503.996 495.636 72 495.636 DL 388.54 387.636
388.54 495.636 DL 267.314 387.636 267.314 495.636 DL 149.355 387.636
149.355 495.636 DL 503.996 372.636 503.996 495.636 DL 72 372.636 72
495.636 DL 503.999 520.636 72 520.636 DL F1(When in P-BSR state)238.345
530.886 Q 503.999 535.636 72 535.636 DL(Ev)86.741 545.886 Q(ent)-.11 E
F0(Recei)179.162 545.886 Q .33 -.165(ve P)-.275 H(referred).165 E(BSM)
179.162 558.886 Q(Bootstrap T)306.721 545.886 Q(imer)-.385 E(Expires)
306.721 558.886 Q(Recei)422.972 545.886 Q .33 -.165(ve N)-.275 H(on-)
.165 E(preferred BSM)422.972 558.886 Q 503.999 563.636 72 563.636 DL
(-> C-BSR state)179.162 573.886 Q(-> E-BSR state)306.721 573.886 Q
(-> P-BSR state)422.972 573.886 Q F1(Action)86.741 599.886 Q F0 -.165
(Fo)179.162 586.886 S(rw).165 E(ard BSM;)-.11 E(Store RP-Set; Set)
179.162 599.886 Q(Bootstrap T)179.162 612.886 Q(imer to)-.385 E(BS_T)
179.162 625.886 Q(imeout)-.385 E(Originate BSM;)306.721 586.886 Q
(Set Bootstrap)306.721 599.886 Q -.385(Ti)306.721 612.886 S(mer to).385
E(BS_Period)306.721 625.886 Q -.165(Fo)422.972 586.886 S(rw).165 E
(ard BSM)-.11 E 503.999 630.636 72 630.636 DL 400.86 535.636 400.86
630.636 DL 284.609 535.636 284.609 630.636 DL 157.05 535.636 157.05
630.636 DL 503.999 520.636 503.999 630.636 DL 72 520.636 72 630.636 DL
(Bhaskar/Gall/Ling)72 769 Q(ard/V)-.055 E 196.369(enaas Section)-1.221 F
2.75(3.1.1. [P)2.75 F(age 8])-.165 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 9 9
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 11/Times-Roman@0 SF(INTERNET)72 49 Q 71.587(-DRAFT Expires:)-1.012 F
(January 2008)2.75 E(July 2007)123.726 E .44 LW 503.999 76.75 72 76.75
DL/F1 11/Times-Bold@0 SF(When in E-BSR state)238.037 87 Q 503.999 91.75
72 91.75 DL(Ev)86.336 102 Q(ent)-.11 E F0(Recei)177.696 102 Q .33 -.165
(ve P)-.275 H(referred).165 E(BSM)177.696 115 Q(Bootstrap T)304.04 102 Q
(imer)-.385 E(Expires)304.04 115 Q(Recei)419.076 102 Q .33 -.165(ve N)
-.275 H(on-).165 E(preferred BSM)419.076 115 Q 503.999 119.75 72 119.75
DL(-> C-BSR state)177.696 130 Q(-> E-BSR state)304.04 130 Q
(-> E-BSR state)419.076 130 Q F1(Action)86.336 156 Q F0 -.165(Fo)177.696
143 S(rw).165 E(ard BSM;)-.11 E(Store RP-Set; Set)177.696 156 Q
(Bootstrap T)177.696 169 Q(imer to)-.385 E(BS_T)177.696 182 Q(imeout)
-.385 E(Originate BSM;)304.04 143 Q(Set Bootstrap)304.04 156 Q -.385(Ti)
304.04 169 S(mer to).385 E(BS_Period)304.04 182 Q(Originate BSM;)419.076
143 Q(Set Bootstrap)419.076 156 Q -.385(Ti)419.076 169 S(mer to).385 E
(BS_Period)419.076 182 Q 503.999 186.75 72 186.75 DL 397.572 91.75
397.572 186.75 DL 282.536 91.75 282.536 186.75 DL 156.192 91.75 156.192
186.75 DL 503.999 76.75 503.999 186.75 DL 72 76.75 72 186.75 DL 2.75(AC)
72 217.6 S(andidate-BSR may be in one of three states for a particular \
scope zone:)-2.75 E F1(Candidate-BSR \(C-BSR\))72 234.2 Q F0
(The router is a candidate to be the BSR for the scope zone, b)97 247.2
Q(ut currently another router is)-.22 E(the preferred BSR.)97 260.2 Q F1
-.22(Pe)72 276.8 S(nding-BSR \(P-BSR\)).22 E F0
(The router is a candidate to be the BSR for the scope zone.)97 289.8 Q
(Currently no other router is the)5.5 E(preferred BSR, b)97 302.8 Q
(ut this router is not yet the elected BSR.)-.22 E
(This is a temporary state that)5.5 E(pre)97 315.8 Q -.165(ve)-.275 G
(nts rapid thrashing of the choice of BSR during BSR election.).165 E F1
(Elected-BSR \(E-BSR\))72 332.4 Q F0(The router is the elected BSR for \
the scope zone and it must perform all the BSR functions.)97 345.4 Q
(In addition to the three states, there is one timer:)72 362 Q 7.15
<8354>72 378.6 S(he Bootstrap T)-7.15 E(imer \(BST\) - used to time out\
 old bootstrap router information, and used in the)-.385 E
(election process to terminate P-BSR state.)83 391.6 Q(The initial stat\
e for this con\214gured scope zone is "Pending-BSR"; the Bootstrap T)72
408.2 Q(imer is)-.385 E(initialized to BS_Rand_Ov)72 421.2 Q 2.75
(erride. This)-.165 F
(is the case both if the router is a Candidate BSR at)2.75 E
(startup, and if recon\214gured to become one later)72 434.2 Q(.)-.605 E
(Bhaskar/Gall/Ling)72 769 Q(ard/V)-.055 E 196.369(enaas Section)-1.221 F
2.75(3.1.2. [P)2.75 F(age 9])-.165 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 10 10
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 11/Times-Roman@0 SF(INTERNET)72 49 Q 71.587(-DRAFT Expires:)-1.012 F
(January 2008)2.75 E(July 2007)123.726 E/F1 11/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.75
(3.1.2. P)72 85 R(er)-.22 E(-Scope-Zone State Machine f)-.407 E
(or Non-Candidate-BSR Routers)-.275 E F0(The follo)72 101.6 Q
(wing state machine is used for scope zones which are disco)-.275 E
-.165(ve)-.165 G(red by the router from).165 E(bootstrap messages.)72
114.6 Q 2.75(As)5.5 G
(impli\214ed state machine is used for scope zones which are e)-2.75 E
(xplicitely)-.165 E(con\214gured on the router and for the global zone.)
72 127.6 Q(The dif)5.5 E(ferences are listed at the end of this)-.275 E
(section.)72 140.6 Q 0 0 396 545 -175.112 241 108 338.312 PBEGIN
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 3900 2961 l 3902 2946 l 3904 2932 l 3904 2919 l 3905 2910 l
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% here ends figure;
% 
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%  spline 
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2 slj
7.500 slw
n 3905 2900 m 3905 2899 l 3904 2894 l 3902 2882 l 3899 2863 l 3895 2839 l
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 3424 3270 l 3444 3274 l 3462 3278 l 3477 3280 l 3491 3281 l
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 3529 3282 l 3541 3280 l 3560 3277 l 3584 3273 l 3607 3269 l
 3626 3266 l 3638 3264 l 3643 3263 l 3644 3263 l 3647 3262 l
 3653 3260 l 3661 3257 l 3672 3252 l 3685 3247 l 3698 3240 l
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 3860 3084 l 3863 3079 l 3864 3077 l 3866 3074 l 3868 3068 l
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 3900 2961 l 3902 2946 l 3904 2932 l 3904 2919 l 3905 2910 l
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 3905 2900 l  cp gs col0 s gr 
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%  text 
/Helvetica-iso ff 195.00 scf sf
3395 2845 m
gs 1 -1 sc (No) col0 sh gr
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%  text 
/Helvetica-iso ff 195.00 scf sf
3395 3037 m
gs 1 -1 sc (Info) col0 sh gr
%  text 
/Helvetica-iso ff 165.00 scf sf
5229 4831 m
gs 1 -1 sc (  Accept) col0 sh gr
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%  text 
/Helvetica-iso ff 165.00 scf sf
5229 4991 m
gs 1 -1 sc (Preferred) col0 sh gr
%  text 
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1107 4831 m
gs 1 -1 sc (Accept) col0 sh gr
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/Helvetica-iso ff 165.00 scf sf
1107 4991 m
gs 1 -1 sc (  Any ) col0 sh gr
%  text 
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4957 2743 m
gs 1 -1 sc (Receive BSM) col0 sh gr
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%  text 
/Helvetica-iso ff 165.00 scf sf
4957 2902 m
gs 1 -1 sc ([Forward BSM]) col0 sh gr
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%  text 
/Helvetica-iso ff 165.00 scf sf
4957 3062 m
gs 1 -1 sc ([Store RP-Set]) col0 sh gr
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4957 3221 m
gs 1 -1 sc ([Set Bootstrap Timer to BS_Timeout]) col0 sh gr
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%  text 
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6568 5365 m
gs 1 -1 sc (Receive ) col0 sh gr
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%  text 
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6568 5525 m
gs 1 -1 sc (Non-preferred BSM) col0 sh gr
%  text 
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844 3333 m
gs 1 -1 sc (Scope-Zone Expiry ) col0 sh gr
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844 3492 m
gs 1 -1 sc (Timer expires) col0 sh gr
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844 3652 m
gs 1 -1 sc ([Remove scope) col0 sh gr
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874 3802 m
gs 1 -1 sc ( zone state]) col0 sh gr
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6720 3978 m
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6720 4138 m
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2534 4831 m
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2534 4991 m
gs 1 -1 sc ([Remove BSR state]) col0 sh gr
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$F2psEnd
rs
showpage
%%EndDocument
end PEND F1(Figur)108 364.312 Q 2.75(e2)-.198 G 2.75(:P)-2.75 G(er)-2.97
E(-Scope-Zone state machine f)-.407 E(or a r)-.275 E
(outer not con\214gur)-.198 E(ed as C-BSR)-.198 E F0(Per)72 386.912 Q(-\
Scope-Zone state machine for a router not con\214gured as C-BSR in tab)
-.22 E(ular form:)-.22 E .44 LW 503.999 397.662 72 397.662 DL F1
(When in NoInf)237.872 407.912 Q 2.75(os)-.275 G(tate)-2.75 E 503.999
412.662 72 412.662 DL(Ev)120.419 422.912 Q(ent)-.11 E F0(Recei)149.03 E
.33 -.165(ve B)-.275 H(SM).165 E 503.999 427.662 72 427.662 DL
(-> AP state)296.839 437.912 Q -.165(Fo)296.839 450.912 S(rw).165 E
(ard BSM; Store RP-Set;)-.11 E(Set Bootstrap T)296.839 463.912 Q
(imer to BS_T)-.385 E(imeout)-.385 E F1(Action)120.419 450.912 Q 503.999
468.662 72 468.662 DL 224.21 412.662 224.21 468.662 DL 503.999 397.662
503.999 468.662 DL 72 397.662 72 468.662 DL 503.996 493.662 72 493.662
DL(When in Accept Any state)226.893 503.912 Q 503.996 508.662 72 508.662
DL(Ev)99.077 518.912 Q(ent)-.11 E F0(Recei)85.004 E .33 -.165(ve B)-.275
H(SM).165 E(Scope-Zone Expiry)389.271 518.912 Q -.385(Ti)389.271 531.912
S(mer Expires).385 E 503.996 536.662 72 536.662 DL(-> AP state)211.471
546.912 Q(-> NoInfo state)128.212 E F1(Action)99.077 566.412 Q F0 -.165
(Fo)211.471 559.912 S(rw).165 E(ard BSM; Store)-.11 E
(RP-Set; Set Bootstrap)211.471 572.912 Q -.385(Ti)211.471 585.912 S
(mer to BS_T).385 E(imeout)-.385 E(Remo)389.271 559.912 Q .33 -.165
(ve s)-.165 H(cope zone).165 E(state)389.271 572.912 Q 503.996 590.662
72 590.662 DL 348.655 508.662 348.655 590.662 DL 170.855 508.662 170.855
590.662 DL 503.996 493.662 503.996 590.662 DL 72 493.662 72 590.662 DL
(Bhaskar/Gall/Ling)72 769 Q(ard/V)-.055 E 190.869(enaas Section)-1.221 F
2.75(3.1.2. [P)2.75 F(age 10])-.165 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 11/Times-Roman@0 SF(INTERNET)72 49 Q 71.587(-DRAFT Expires:)-1.012 F
(January 2008)2.75 E(July 2007)123.726 E .44 LW 503.992 76.75 72 76.75
DL/F1 11/Times-Bold@0 SF(When in Accept Pr)213.966 87 Q(eferr)-.198 E
(ed state)-.198 E 503.992 91.75 72 91.75 DL(Ev)85.83 102 Q(ent)-.11 E F0
(Recei)158.483 102 Q .33 -.165(ve P)-.275 H(referred).165 E(BSM)158.483
115 Q(Bootstrap T)296.542 102 Q(imer)-.385 E(Expires)296.542 115 Q
(Recei)423.876 102 Q .33 -.165(ve N)-.275 H(on-).165 E(preferred BSM)
423.876 115 Q 503.992 119.75 72 119.75 DL(-> AP state)158.483 130 Q
(-> AA state)88.471 E(-> AP state)75.92 E F1(Action)85.83 156 Q F0 -.165
(Fo)158.483 143 S(rw).165 E(ard BSM; Store)-.11 E(RP-Set; Set Bootstrap)
158.483 156 Q -.385(Ti)158.483 169 S(mer to BS_T).385 E(imeout)-.385 E
(Refresh RP-Set;)296.542 143 Q(Remo)296.542 156 Q .33 -.165(ve B)-.165 H
(SR state;).165 E(Set SZT to)296.542 169 Q(SZ_T)296.542 182 Q(imeout)
-.385 E 503.992 186.75 72 186.75 DL 403.131 91.75 403.131 186.75 DL
275.797 91.75 275.797 186.75 DL 137.738 91.75 137.738 186.75 DL 503.992
76.75 503.992 186.75 DL 72 76.75 72 186.75 DL 2.75(Ar)72 201 S
(outer that is not a Candidate-BSR may be in one of three states:)-2.75
E F1(NoInf)72 217.6 Q(o)-.275 E F0
(The router has no information about this scope zone.)97 230.6 Q
(When in this state, no state)5.5 E
(information is held and no timers run that refer to this scope zone.)97
243.6 Q(Conceptually)5.5 E 2.75(,t)-.715 G(he state)-2.75 E
(machine is only instantiated when the router recei)97 256.6 Q -.165(ve)
-.275 G 2.75(sas).165 G(coped BSM for a scope about)-2.75 E
(which it has no prior kno)97 269.6 Q 2.75(wledge. Ho)-.275 F(we)-.275 E
-.165(ve)-.275 G .88 -.44(r, b).165 H
(ecause the router immediately transitions to).44 E
(the AA state unconditionally)97 282.6 Q 2.75(,t)-.715 G
(he NoInfo state can be considered to be virtual in a certain)-2.75 E
2.75(sense. F)97 295.6 R
(or this reason, it is omitted from the description in section 2.)-.165
E F1(Accept Any \(AA\))72 312.2 Q F0(The router does not kno)97 325.2 Q
2.75(wo)-.275 G 2.75(fa)-2.75 G 2.75(na)-2.75 G(cti)-2.75 E .33 -.165
(ve B)-.275 H(SR, and will accept the \214rst Bootstrap message it).165
E(sees as gi)97 338.2 Q(ving the ne)-.275 E 2.75(wB)-.275 G(SR')-2.75 E
2.75(si)-.605 G(dentity and the RP-Set.)-2.75 E F1(Accept Pr)72 354.8 Q
(eferr)-.198 E(ed \(AP\))-.198 E F0(The router kno)97 367.8 Q
(ws the identity of the current BSR, and is using the RP-Set pro)-.275 E
(vided by that)-.165 E 2.75(BSR. Only)97 380.8 R(Bootstrap messages fro\
m that BSR or from a C-BSR with higher weight than)2.75 E
(the current BSR will be accepted.)97 393.8 Q
(In addition to the three states, there are tw)72 410.4 Q 2.75(ot)-.11 G
(imers:)-2.75 E 7.15<8354>72 427 S(he Bootstrap T)-7.15 E
(imer \(BST\) - used to time out old bootstrap router information.)-.385
E 7.15<8354>72 443.6 S(he Scope-Zone Expiry T)-7.15 E
(imer \(SZT\) - used to time out the scope zone itself if Bootstrap)
-.385 E(messages specifying this scope zone stop arri)83 456.6 Q(ving.)
-.275 E
(The initial state for scope zones about which the router has no kno)72
473.2 Q(wledge is "NoInfo".)-.275 E
(The state machine used for scopes which ha)72 489.8 Q .33 -.165(ve b)
-.22 H(een con\214gured e).165 E(xplicitely on the router and for)-.165
E(the global scope, which al)72 502.8 Q -.11(wa)-.11 G(ys e).11 E
(xists, dif)-.165 E(fers from the state machine abo)-.275 E .33 -.165
(ve a)-.165 H 2.75(sf).165 G(ollo)-2.75 E(ws.)-.275 E 21.15<8354>72
519.4 S(he "NoInfo" state doesn')-21.15 E 2.75(te)-.198 G(xist.)-2.915 E
21.15<834e>72 536 S 2.75(oS)-21.15 G(ZT is maintained.)-2.75 E
(Hence, the e)5.5 E -.165(ve)-.275 G(nt "Scope-Zone Expiry T).165 E
(imer Expires" does not e)-.385 E(xist)-.165 E(and no actions with re)97
549 Q -.055(ga)-.165 G(rd to this timer are e).055 E -.165(xe)-.165 G
(cuted.).165 E(The initial state for this state machine is "Accept An)72
565.6 Q(y".)-.165 E F1 2.75(3.1.3. Bootstrap)72 591.6 R(Message Pr)2.75
E(ocessing Checks)-.198 E F0(When a Bootstrap message is recei)72 608.2
Q -.165(ve)-.275 G(d, the follo).165 E
(wing initial checks must be performed:)-.275 E(Bhaskar/Gall/Ling)72 769
Q(ard/V)-.055 E 190.869(enaas Section)-1.221 F 2.75(3.1.3. [P)2.75 F
(age 11])-.165 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 11/Times-Roman@0 SF(INTERNET)72 49 Q 71.587(-DRAFT Expires:)-1.012 F
(January 2008)2.75 E(July 2007)123.726 E/F1 11/Courier@0 SF
(if \(\(DirectlyConnected\(BSM.src_ip_address\) == FALSE\) OR)72 85 Q
(\(we have no Hello state for BSM.src_ip_address\)\) {)105 98 Q
(drop the Bootstrap message silently)85.2 111 Q(})72 124 Q
(if \(BSM.dst_ip_address == ALL-PIM-ROUTERS\) {)72 150 Q
(if \(BSM.no_forward_bit == 0\) {)85.2 163 Q
(if \(BSM.src_ip_address != RPF_neighbor\(BSM.BSR_ip_address\)\) {)98.4
176 Q(drop the Bootstrap message silently)111.6 189 Q(})98.4 202 Q 6.6
(}e)85.2 215 S
(lse if \(\(any previous BSM for this scope has been accepted\) OR)-6.6
E(\(more than BS_Period has elapsed since startup\)\) {)157.8 228 Q(#)
98.4 241 Q F0(only accept no-forw)A(ard BSM if quick refresh on startup)
-.11 E F1(drop the Bootstrap message silently)98.4 254 Q(})85.2 267 Q
6.6(}e)72 280 S(lse if \(\(Unicast BSM support enabled\) AND)-6.6 E
(\(BSM.dst_ip_address is one of my addresses\)\) {)144.6 293 Q
(if \(\(any previous BSM for this scope has been accepted\) OR)85.2 306
Q(\(more than BS_Period has elapsed since startup\)\) {)111.6 319 Q(#)
98.4 332 Q F0(the pack)A(et w)-.11 E(as unicast, b)-.11 E(ut this w)-.22
E(asn')-.11 E(t)-.198 E F1(#)98.4 345 Q F0 2.75(aq)C
(uick refresh on startup)-2.75 E F1(drop the Bootstrap message silently)
98.4 358 Q(})85.2 371 Q 6.6(}e)72 384 S(lse {)-6.6 E
(drop the Bootstrap message silently)85.2 397 Q(})72 410 Q
(if \(the interface the message arrived on is an Admin Scope)72 436 Q
(border for the BSM.first_group_address\) {)98.4 449 Q
(drop the Bootstrap message silently)85.2 462 Q(})72 475 Q F0(Basically)
72 494 Q 2.75(,t)-.715 G(he pack)-2.75 E(et must ha)-.11 E .33 -.165
(ve c)-.22 H(ome from a directly connected neighbor for which we ha).165
E -.165(ve)-.22 G(acti)72 507 Q .33 -.165(ve H)-.275 H(ello state.).165
E(It must ha)5.5 E .33 -.165(ve b)-.22 H(een sent to the ALL-PIM-R).165
E(OUTERS group, and unless it is a)-.44 E(No-F)72 520 Q(orw)-.165 E
(ard BSM, been sent by the correct upstream router to)-.11 E -.11(wa)
-.275 G(rds the BSR that originated the).11 E(Bootstrap message; or)72
533 Q 2.75(,i)-.44 G 2.75(fi)-2.75 G 2.75(ti)-2.75 G 2.75(saN)-2.75 G
(o-F)-2.75 E(orw)-.165 E(ard BSM, we must ha)-.11 E .33 -.165(ve r)-.22
H(ecently restarted and ha).165 E .33 -.165(ve n)-.22 H(o).165 E
(BSR state for that admin scope.)72 546 Q
(Also, if unicast BSM support is enabled, a unicast BSM is)5.5 E
(accepted if it is addressed to us and we ha)72 559 Q .33 -.165(ve r)
-.22 H(ecently restarted and ha).165 E .33 -.165(ve n)-.22 H 2.75(oB)
.165 G(SR state for that)-2.75 E(admin scope.)72 572 Q
(In addition, it must not ha)5.5 E .33 -.165(ve a)-.22 H(rri).165 E
-.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75(do).165 G 2.75(na)-2.75 G 2.75(ni)-2.75 G(nterf)
-2.75 E(ace that is a con\214gured admin)-.11 E(scope border for the \
\214rst group address contained in the Bootstrap message.)72 585 Q/F2 11
/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.75(3.1.4. State)72 611 R(Machine T)2.75 E
(ransition Ev)-.814 E(ents)-.11 E F0
(If the Bootstrap message passes the initial checks abo)72 627.6 Q .33
-.165(ve w)-.165 H(ithout being discarded, then it may).165 E
(cause a state transition e)72 640.6 Q -.165(ve)-.275 G
(nt in one of the abo).165 E .33 -.165(ve s)-.165 H(tate machines.).165
E -.165(Fo)5.5 G 2.75(rb).165 G(oth candidate and non-)-2.75 E
(candidate BSRs, the follo)72 653.6 Q(wing transition e)-.275 E -.165
(ve)-.275 G(nts are de\214ned:).165 E F2(Recei)97 670.2 Q .22 -.11(ve P)
-.11 H -.198(re).11 G(ferr).198 E(ed BSM)-.198 E F0 2.75(AB)122 683.2 S
(ootstrap message is recei)-2.75 E -.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75(df).165 G
(rom a BSR that has higher or equal weight than the)-2.75 E
(current BSR.)122 696.2 Q
(If a router is in P-BSR state, then it uses its o)5.5 E
(wn weight as that of the)-.275 E(current BSR.)122 709.2 Q
(Bhaskar/Gall/Ling)72 769 Q(ard/V)-.055 E 190.869(enaas Section)-1.221 F
2.75(3.1.4. [P)2.75 F(age 12])-.165 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 11/Times-Roman@0 SF(INTERNET)72 49 Q 71.587(-DRAFT Expires:)-1.012 F
(January 2008)2.75 E(July 2007)123.726 E 2.75(AB)122 85 S(ootstrap mess\
age is also preferred if it is from the current BSR with a lo)-2.75 E
(wer)-.275 E(weight than the pre)122 98 Q(vious BSM it sent, pro)-.275 E
(vided that if the router is a Candidate BSR)-.165 E(the current BSR st\
ill has a weight higher or equal than the router itself.)122 111 Q
(In this case,)5.5 E(the "Current Bootstrap Router')122 124 Q 2.75(sB)
-.605 G(SR Priority" state must be updated.)-2.75 E(\(F)5.5 E(or lo)
-.165 E(wer)-.275 E
(weight, see Non-preferred BSM from Elected BSR case.\))122 137 Q
(The weight of a BSR is de\214ned to be the concatenation in \214x)122
163 Q(ed-precision unsigned)-.165 E(arithmetic of the BSR Priority \214\
eld from the Bootstrap message and the IP address of)122 176 Q(the BSR \
from the Bootstrap message \(with the BSR Priority taking the most-)122
189 Q(signi\214cant bits and the IP address taking the least signi\214c\
ant bits\).)122 202 Q/F1 11/Times-Bold@0 SF(Recei)97 218.6 Q .22 -.11
(ve N)-.11 H(on-pr).11 E(eferr)-.198 E(ed BSM)-.198 E F0 2.75(AB)122
231.6 S(ootstrap message is recei)-2.75 E -.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75(df).165
G(rom a BSR other than the current BSR that has)-2.75 E(lo)122 244.6 Q
(wer weight than the current BSR.)-.275 E
(If a router is in P-BSR state, then it uses its o)5.5 E(wn)-.275 E
(weight as that of the current BSR.)122 257.6 Q F1(Recei)97 274.2 Q .22
-.11(ve N)-.11 H(on-pr).11 E(eferr)-.198 E(ed BSM fr)-.198 E
(om Elected BSR)-.198 E F0 2.75(AB)122 287.2 S
(ootstrap message is recei)-2.75 E -.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75(df).165 G
(rom the elected BSR, b)-2.75 E(ut the BSR Priority \214eld in)-.22 E
(the recei)122 300.2 Q -.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75(dm).165 G
(essage has changed, so that no)-2.75 E 2.75(wt)-.275 G
(he currently elected BSR has lo)-2.75 E(wer)-.275 E
(weight than the router itself.)122 313.2 Q F1(Recei)97 329.8 Q .22 -.11
(ve B)-.11 H(SM).11 E F0 2.75(AB)122 342.8 S(ootstrap message is recei)
-2.75 E -.165(ve)-.275 G(d, re).165 E -.055(ga)-.165 G
(rdless of BSR weight.).055 E(In addition to state machine transitions \
caused by the receipt of Bootstrap messages, a state)72 359.4 Q
(machine transition tak)72 372.4 Q(es place each time the Bootstrap T)
-.11 E(imer or Scope-Zone Expiry T)-.385 E(imer)-.385 E -.165(ex)72
385.4 S(pires.).165 E F1 2.75(3.1.5. State)72 411.4 R(Machine Actions)
2.75 E F0(The state machines specify actions that include setting the B\
ootstrap T)72 428 Q(imer and the Scope-Zone)-.385 E(Expiry T)72 441 Q
(imer to v)-.385 E(arious v)-.275 E 2.75(alues. These)-.275 F -.275(va)
2.75 G(lues are de\214ned in Section 5.).275 E
(In addition to setting and cancelling the timers, the follo)72 457.6 Q
(wing actions may be triggered by state)-.275 E
(changes in the state machines:)72 470.6 Q F1 -.275(Fo)97 487.2 S
(rward BSM).275 E F0 2.75(Am)122 500.2 S
(ulticast Bootstrap message with No-F)-2.75 E(orw)-.165 E
(ard bit cleared that passes the Bootstrap)-.11 E
(Message Processing Checks is forw)122 513.2 Q(arded out of all interf)
-.11 E(aces with PIM neighbors)-.11 E(\(including the interf)122 526.2 Q
(ace it is recei)-.11 E -.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75(do).165 G(n\), e)-2.75 E
(xcept where this w)-.165 E(ould cause the BSM to)-.11 E(cross an admin\
-scope boundary for the scope zone indicated in the message.)122 539.2 Q
-.165(Fo)5.5 G(r).165 E(details, see section 3.4.)122 552.2 Q F1
(Originate BSM)97 581.8 Q F0 2.75(An)122 594.8 S .55 -.275(ew B)-2.75 H
(ootstrap message is constructed by the BSR, gi).275 E(ving the BSR')
-.275 E 2.75(sa)-.605 G(ddress and)-2.75 E(BSR priority)122 607.8 Q 2.75
(,a)-.715 G(nd containing the BSR')-2.75 E 2.75(sc)-.605 G
(hosen RP-Set.)-2.75 E(The message is forw)5.5 E(arded out)-.11 E
(of all interf)122 620.8 Q(aces on which PIM neighbors e)-.11 E(xist, e)
-.165 E(xcept where this w)-.165 E(ould cause the)-.11 E(BSM to cross a\
n admin-scope boundary for the scope zone indicated in the message.)122
633.8 Q F1(Stor)97 650.4 Q 2.75(eR)-.198 G(P-Set)-2.75 E F0(The router \
uses the group-to-RP mappings contained in a BSM to update its local RP\
-)122 663.4 Q(Set.)122 676.4 Q(This action is skipped for an empty BSM.)
122 702.4 Q 2.75(AB)5.5 G(SM is empty if it contains no group)-2.75 E(r\
anges, or if it only contains a single group range where that group ran\
ge has the)122 715.4 Q(Bhaskar/Gall/Ling)72 769 Q(ard/V)-.055 E 190.869
(enaas Section)-1.221 F 2.75(3.1.5. [P)2.75 F(age 13])-.165 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 11/Times-Roman@0 SF(INTERNET)72 49 Q 71.587(-DRAFT Expires:)-1.012 F
(January 2008)2.75 E(July 2007)123.726 E
(Admin Scope Zone bit set \(a scoped BSM\) and an RP count of zero.)122
85 Q(If a mapping does not yet e)122 111 Q
(xist, it is created and the associated Group-to-RP mapping)-.165 E
(Expiry T)122 124 Q
(imer \(GET\) is initialized with the holdtime from the BSM.)-.385 E
(If a mapping already e)122 150 Q
(xists, its GET is set to the holdtime from the BSM.)-.165 E(If the)5.5
E(holdtime is zero, the mapping is remo)122 163 Q -.165(ve)-.165 G 2.75
(di).165 G(mmediately)-2.75 E 5.5(.N)-.715 G(ote that for an e)-5.5 E
(xisting)-.165 E(mapping, the RP priority must be updated if changed.)
122 176 Q(Mappings for a group range are also to be immediately remo)122
202 Q -.165(ve)-.165 G 2.75(di).165 G 2.75(ft)-2.75 G(he)-2.75 E 2.75
(ya)-.165 G(re not present)-2.75 E(in the recei)122 215 Q -.165(ve)-.275
G 2.75(dg).165 G(roup range.)-2.75 E(This means that if there are an)5.5
E 2.75(ye)-.165 G(xisting Group-to-RP)-2.915 E
(mappings for a range where the respecti)122 228 Q .33 -.165(ve R)-.275
H(Ps are not in the recei).165 E -.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75(dr).165 G
(ange, then)-2.75 E(those mappings must be remo)122 241 Q -.165(ve)-.165
G(d.).165 E(All RP mappings associated with the scope zone of the BSM a\
re updated with the ne)122 267 Q(w)-.275 E
(hash mask length from the recei)122 280 Q -.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75(dB).165
G 2.75(SM. This)-2.75 F(includes RP mappings for all group)2.75 E(range\
s learned for this zone, not just the ranges in this particular BSM.)122
293 Q(In addition, the entire BSM is stored for use in the action Refre\
sh RP-Set and to prime)122 319 Q 2.75(an)122 332 S .55 -.275(ew P)-2.75
H(IM neighbor as described belo).275 E -.715(w.)-.275 G/F1 11
/Times-Bold@0 SF(Refr)97 348.6 Q(esh RP-Set)-.198 E F0
(When the Bootstrap T)122 361.6 Q(imer e)-.385 E
(xpires, the router uses the cop)-.165 E 2.75(yo)-.11 G 2.75(ft)-2.75 G
(he last BSM that it has)-2.75 E(recei)122 374.6 Q -.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75
(dt).165 G 2.75(or)-2.75 G(efresh its RP-Set according to the action St\
ore RP-Set as if it had just)-2.75 E(recei)122 387.6 Q -.165(ve)-.275 G
2.75(di).165 G 2.75(t. This)-2.75 F
(will increase the chance that the group-to-RP mappings will not)2.75 E
-.165(ex)122 400.6 S(pire during the election of the ne).165 E 2.75(wB)
-.275 G(SR.)-2.75 E F1(Remo)97 417.2 Q .22 -.11(ve B)-.11 H(SR state).11
E F0(When the Bootstrap T)122 430.2 Q(imer e)-.385 E
(xpires, all state associated with the current BSR is)-.165 E(remo)122
443.2 Q -.165(ve)-.165 G 2.75(d\().165 G(address, priority)-2.75 E 2.75
(,B)-.715 G(ST and sa)-2.75 E -.165(ve)-.22 G 2.75(dl).165 G
(ast BSM, see section 2\).)-2.75 E(Note that this)5.5 E
(does not include an)122 456.2 Q 2.75(yg)-.165 G(roup-to-RP mappings.)
-2.75 E F1(Remo)97 472.8 Q .22 -.11(ve s)-.11 H(cope zone state).11 E F0
(When the Scop-Zone Expiry T)122 485.8 Q(imer e)-.385 E
(xpires, all state associated with the scope zone is)-.165 E(remo)122
498.8 Q -.165(ve)-.165 G 2.75(d\().165 G(see section 2\).)-2.75 E F1
(3.2.)72 524.8 Q/F2 13/Times-Bold@0 SF(Sending Candidate-RP-Adv)5.5 E
(ertisement Messages)-.13 E F0(Ev)72 541.4 Q(ery C-RP periodically unic\
asts a C-RP-Adv message to the BSR for each scope zone for which)-.165 E
(it has state, to inform the BSR of the C-RP')72 554.4 Q 2.75(sw)-.605 G
(illingness to function as an RP)-2.75 E 5.5(.T)-1.221 G(hese messages)
-5.5 E(are sent with an interv)72 567.4 Q(al of C_RP_Adv_Period, e)-.275
E(xcept when a ne)-.165 E 2.75(wB)-.275 G(SR is elected, see belo)-2.75
E -.715(w.)-.275 G(When a ne)72 584 Q 2.75(wB)-.275 G
(SR is elected, the C-RP MUST send one to three C-RP-Adv messages, w)
-2.75 E(aiting a)-.11 E(small randomized period C_RP_Adv_Back)72 597 Q
(of)-.11 E 2.75(fb)-.275 G(efore sending each message.)-2.75 E 1.76 -.88
(We r)5.5 H(ecommend).88 E(sending three messages because it is importa\
nt that the BSR quickly learns which RPs are acti)72 610 Q -.165(ve)
-.275 G(,).165 E(and some pack)72 623 Q(et loss may occur when a ne)-.11
E 2.75(wB)-.275 G(SR is elected due to changes in the netw)-2.75 E 2.75
(ork. One)-.11 F -.11(wa)72 636 S 2.75(yo).11 G 2.75(fi)-2.75 G
(mplementing this is to set the CRPT to C_RP_Adv_Back)-2.75 E(of)-.11 E
2.75(fw)-.275 G(hen the ne)-2.75 E 2.75(wB)-.275 G(SR is)-2.75 E
(elected, as well as setting a counter to 2.)72 649 Q(Whene)5.5 E -.165
(ve)-.275 G 2.75(rt).165 G(he CRPT e)-2.75 E
(xpires, we \214rst send a C-RP-Adv)-.165 E(message as usual.)72 662 Q
(Ne)5.5 E
(xt, if the counter is non-zero, it is decremented and the CRPT is ag)
-.165 E(ain set to)-.055 E(C_RP_Adv_Back)72 675 Q(of)-.11 E 2.75(fi)
-.275 G(nstead of C_RP_Adv_Period.)-2.75 E(The Priority \214eld in thes\
e messages is used by the BSR to select which C-RPs to include in the)72
691.6 Q 2.75(RP-Set. Note)72 704.6 R(that lo)2.75 E(wer v)-.275 E
(alues of this \214eld indicate higher priorities, so that a v)-.275 E
(alue of zero is the)-.275 E(highest possible priority)72 717.6 Q 5.5
(.C)-.715 G(-RPs should by def)-5.5 E
(ault send C-RP-Adv messages with the Priority)-.11 E(Bhaskar/Gall/Ling)
72 769 Q(ard/V)-.055 E 199.119(enaas Section)-1.221 F 2.75(3.2. [P)2.75
F(age 14])-.165 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 11/Times-Roman@0 SF(INTERNET)72 49 Q 71.587(-DRAFT Expires:)-1.012 F
(January 2008)2.75 E(July 2007)123.726 E(\214eld set to 192.)72 85 Q
(When a C-RP is being shut do)72 101.6 Q
(wn, it SHOULD immediately send a C-RP-Adv message to the)-.275 E(BSR f\
or each scope zone for which it is currently serving as an RP; the Hold\
time in this C-RP-)72 114.6 Q(Adv message should be zero.)72 127.6 Q
(The BSR will then immediately time out the C-RP and generate a)5.5 E
(ne)72 140.6 Q 2.75(wB)-.275 G(ootstrap message with the shut do)-2.75 E
(wn RP holdtime set to 0.)-.275 E 2.75(AC)72 157.2 S(-RP-Adv message ca\
rries a list of group address and group mask \214eld pairs.)-2.75 E
(This enables the)5.5 E
(C-RP to specify the group ranges for which it is willing to be the RP)
72 170.2 Q 5.5(.I)-1.221 G 2.75(ft)-5.5 G(he C-RP becomes an RP)-2.75 E
(,)-1.221 E(it may enforce this scope acceptance when recei)72 183.2 Q
(ving Re)-.275 E(gister or Join/Prune messages.)-.165 E 2.75(AC)72 199.8
S(-RP is con\214gured with a list of group ranges for which it should a\
dv)-2.75 E(ertise itself as the C-RP)-.165 E(.)-1.221 E 2.75(AC)72 212.8
S(-RP uses the follo)-2.75 E
(wing algorithm to determine which ranges to send to a gi)-.275 E -.165
(ve)-.275 G 2.75(nB).165 G(SR.)-2.75 E -.165(Fo)72 229.4 S 2.75(re).165
G(ach group range R in the list, the C-RP adv)-2.75 E
(ertises that range to the scoped BSR for the)-.165 E
(smallest scope that "contains" R.)72 242.4 Q -.165(Fo)5.5 G 2.75(rI)
.165 G(Pv6, the containing scope is determined by matching the)-2.75 E
(scope identi\214er of the group range with the scope of the BSR.)72
255.4 Q -.165(Fo)5.5 G 2.75(rI).165 G(Pv4, it is the longest-pre\214x)
-2.75 E(match for R, amongst the kno)72 268.4 Q(wn admin-scope ranges.)
-.275 E(If no scope is found to contain the group)5.5 E
(range the C-RP includes it in the C-RP-Adv sent to the non-scoped BSR.)
72 281.4 Q(If a non-scoped BSR is)5.5 E(not kno)72 294.4 Q
(wn, the range is not included in an)-.275 E 2.75(yC)-.165 G(-RP-Adv)
-2.75 E(.)-.715 E(In addition, for each IPv4 group range R in the list,\
 for each scoped BSR whose scope range is)72 311 Q
(strictly contained within R, the C-RP SHOULD by def)72 324 Q(ault adv)
-.11 E(ertise that BSR')-.165 E 2.75(ss)-.605 G(cope range to)-2.75 E
(that BSR.)72 337 Q(And for each IPv6 group range R in the list with pr\
e\214x length < 16, the C-RP)5.5 E(SHOULD by def)72 350 Q(ault adv)-.11
E
(ertise each sub-range of pre\214x length 16 to the scoped BSR with the)
-.165 E(corresponding scope ID.)72 363 Q(An implementation MA)5.5 E 2.75
(Ys)-1.155 G(upply a con\214guration option to pre)-2.75 E -.165(ve)
-.275 G(nt the).165 E(beha)72 376 Q(vior described in this paragraph, b)
-.22 E(ut such an option SHOULD be disabled by def)-.22 E(ault.)-.11 E
-.165(Fo)72 392.6 S 2.75(rI).165 G(Pv6, the mask length of all group ra\
nges included in the C-RP-Adv message sent to a scoped)-2.75 E
(BSR MUST be >= 16.)72 405.6 Q(If the abo)72 422.2 Q .33 -.165(ve a)
-.165 H(lgorithm determines that there are no group ranges to adv).165 E
(ertise to the BSR for a)-.165 E
(particular scope zone, a C-RP-Adv message MUST NO)72 435.2 Q 2.75(Tb)
-.44 G 2.75(es)-2.75 G(ent to that BSR.)-2.75 E 2.75(AC)5.5 G(-RP MUST)
-2.75 E(NO)72 448.2 Q 2.75(Ts)-.44 G
(end a C-RP-Adv message with no group ranges in it.)-2.75 E(If the same\
 router is the BSR for more than one scope zone, the C-RP-Adv messages \
for these)72 464.8 Q(scope zones MA)72 477.8 Q 2.75(Yb)-1.155 G 2.75(ec)
-2.75 G(ombined into a single message.)-2.75 E(If the C-RP is a ZBR for\
 an admin scope zone, then the Admin Scope Zone bit MUST be set in)72
494.4 Q(the C-RP-Adv messages it sends for that scope zone; otherwise t\
his bit MUST NO)72 507.4 Q 2.75(Tb)-.44 G 2.75(es)-2.75 G 2.75(et. This)
-2.75 F
(information is currently only used for logging purposes by the BSR, b)
72 520.4 Q(ut might allo)-.22 E 2.75(wf)-.275 G(or future)-2.75 E -.165
(ex)72 533.4 S(tensions of the protocol.).165 E/F1 11/Times-Bold@0 SF
(3.3.)72 559.4 Q/F2 13/Times-Bold@0 SF(Cr)5.5 E
(eating the RP-Set at the BSR)-.234 E F0(Upon recei)72 576 Q(ving a C-R\
P-Adv message, the router needs to decide whether or not to accept each\
 of)-.275 E(the group ranges included in the message.)72 589 Q -.165(Fo)
5.5 G 2.75(re).165 G(ach group range in the message, the router checks)
-2.75 E(to see if it is the elected BSR for an)72 602 Q 2.75(ys)-.165 G
(cope zone that contains the group range, or if it is elected)-2.75 E
(as the non-scoped BSR.)72 615 Q(If so, the group range is accepted; if\
 not, the group range is ignored.)5.5 E -.165(Fo)72 631.6 S 2.75(rs).165
G(ecurity reasons, we recommend that implementations ha)-2.75 E .33
-.165(ve a w)-.22 H(ay of restricting which IP).055 E
(addresses the BSR accepts C-RP-Adv messages from, e.g., access lists.)
72 644.6 Q -.165(Fo)5.5 G 2.75(ru).165 G(se of scoped BSR, it)-2.75 E
(may also be useful to specify which group ranges should be accepted.)72
657.6 Q(If the group range is accepted, a group-to-C-RP mapping is crea\
ted for this group range and the)72 674.2 Q
(RP Address from the C-RP-Adv message.)72 687.2 Q(If the mapping is not\
 already part of the C-RP-Set, it is added to the C-RP-Set and the asso\
ciated)72 703.8 Q(Group-to-C-RP mapping Expiry T)72 716.8 Q
(imer \(CGET\) is initialized to the holdtime from the C-RP-Adv)-.385 E
(Bhaskar/Gall/Ling)72 769 Q(ard/V)-.055 E 199.119(enaas Section)-1.221 F
2.75(3.3. [P)2.75 F(age 15])-.165 E 0 Cg EP
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(January 2008)2.75 E(July 2007)123.726 E 2.75(message. Its)72 85 R
(priority is set to the Priority from the C-RP-Adv message.)2.75 E(If t\
he mapping is already part of the C-RP-Set, it is updated with the Prio\
rity from the C-RP-Adv)72 101.6 Q(message and its associated CGET is re\
set to the holdtime from the C-RP-Adv message.)72 114.6 Q(If the)5.5 E
(holdtime is zero, the mapping is immediately remo)72 127.6 Q -.165(ve)
-.165 G 2.75(df).165 G(rom the C-RP-Set.)-2.75 E(The hash mask length i\
s a global property of the BSR and is therefore the same for all mappin\
gs)72 144.2 Q(managed by the BSR.)72 157.2 Q -.165(Fo)72 173.8 S 2.75
(rc).165 G(ompatibility with the pre)-2.75 E(vious v)-.275 E
(ersion of the BSR speci\214cation, a C-RP-Adv message with)-.165 E(no \
group ranges SHOULD be treated as though it contained the single group \
range f)72 186.8 Q(f00::/8 or)-.275 E 2.75(224/4. Therefore,)72 199.8 R
(according to the rule abo)2.75 E -.165(ve)-.165 G 2.75(,t).165 G
(his group range will be accepted if and only if the)-2.75 E
(router is elected as the non-scoped BSR.)72 212.8 Q(When a CGET e)72
229.4 Q(xpires, the corresponding group-to-C-RP mapping is remo)-.165 E
-.165(ve)-.165 G 2.75(df).165 G(rom the C-RP-)-2.75 E(Set.)72 242.4 Q
(The BSR constructs the RP-Set from the C-RP-Set.)72 259 Q
(It may apply a local polic)5.5 E 2.75(yt)-.165 G 2.75(ol)-2.75 G
(imit the)-2.75 E(number of Candidate-RPs included in the RP-Set.)72 272
Q(The BSR may o)5.5 E -.165(ve)-.165 G(rride the range indicated in a)
.165 E(C-RP-Adv message unless the `Priority' \214eld from the C-RP-Adv\
 message is less than 128.)72 285 Q(If the BSR learns of both BIDIR and\
 PIM-SM Candidate-RPs for the same group range, the BSR)72 301.6 Q
(MUST only include RPs for one of the protocols in the BSMs. The def)72
314.6 Q(ault beha)-.11 E(vior SHOULD be)-.22 E(to prefer BIDIR.)72 327.6
Q -.165(Fo)72 344.2 S 2.75(ri).165 G
(nclusion in a BSM, the RP-Set is subdi)-2.75 E
(vided into sets of {group-range, RP-Count, RP-)-.275 E 2.75
(addresses}. F)72 357.2 R(or each RP-address, the "RP-Holdtime" \214eld\
 is set to the Holdtime from the C-RP-)-.165 E
(Set, subject to the constraint that it MUST be lar)72 370.2 Q
(ger than BS_Period and SHOULD be lar)-.198 E(ger than)-.198 E
(2.5 times BS_Period to allo)72 383.2 Q 2.75(wf)-.275 G
(or some Bootstrap messages getting lost.)-2.75 E
(If some holdtimes from)5.5 E(the C-RP-Sets do not satisfy this constra\
int, the BSR MUST replace those holdtimes with a v)72 396.2 Q(alue)-.275
E(satisfying the constraint.)72 409.2 Q(An e)5.5 E
(xception to this is the holdtime of zero which is used to)-.165 E
(immediately withdra)72 422.2 Q 2.75(wm)-.165 G(appings.)-2.75 E
(The format of the Bootstrap message allo)72 438.8 Q
(ws `semantic fragmentation', if the length of the original)-.275 E
(Bootstrap message e)72 451.8 Q(xceeds the pack)-.165 E
(et maximum boundaries.)-.11 E(Ho)5.5 E(we)-.275 E -.165(ve)-.275 G .88
-.44(r, w).165 H 2.75(er).44 G(ecommend ag)-2.75 E(ainst)-.055 E
(con\214guring a lar)72 464.8 Q(ge number of routers as C-RPs, to reduc\
e the semantic fragmentation required.)-.198 E
(In general BSMs are originated at re)72 481.4 Q(gular interv)-.165 E
(als according to the BS_Period timer)-.275 E 5.5(.W)-.605 G 2.75(ed)
-6.38 G(o)-2.75 E(recommend that a BSM is also originated whene)72 494.4
Q -.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75(rt).165 G(he RP-set to be announced in the BSMs)
-2.75 E 2.75(changes. This)72 507.4 R(will usually happen when recei)
2.75 E(ving C-RP adv)-.275 E(ertisements from a ne)-.165 E 2.75(wC)-.275
G(-RP)-2.75 E 2.75(,o)-1.221 G(r)-2.75 E(when a C-RP is shut do)72 520.4
Q(wn \(C-RP adv)-.275 E(ertisement with a holdtime of zero\).)-.165 E
(There MUST ho)5.5 E(we)-.275 E -.165(ve)-.275 G(r).165 E
(be a minimum of BS_Min_Interv)72 533.4 Q
(al between each time a BSM is sent.)-.275 E(In particular)5.5 E 2.75
(,w)-.44 G(hen a ne)-2.75 E(w)-.275 E
(BSR is elected, it will \214rst send one BSM \(which is lik)72 546.4 Q
(ely to be empty since it has not yet)-.11 E(recei)72 559.4 Q -.165(ve)
-.275 G 2.75(da).165 G .33 -.165(ny C)-2.75 H(-RP adv).165 E
(ertisements\), and then w)-.165 E(ait at least BS_Min_Interv)-.11 E
(al before sending a ne)-.275 E(w)-.275 E 2.75(one. During)72 572.4 R
(that time, it is lik)2.75 E(ely to ha)-.11 E .33 -.165(ve r)-.22 H
(ecei).165 E -.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75(dC).165 G(-RP adv)-2.75 E
(ertisements from all usable C-RPs)-.165 E
(\(since we say that a C-RP should send one or more adv)72 585.4 Q
(ertisements with small random delays of)-.165 E(C_RP_Adv_Back)72 598.4
Q(of)-.11 E 2.75(fw)-.275 G(hen a ne)-2.75 E 2.75(wB)-.275 G
(SR is elected\).)-2.75 E -.165(Fo)5.5 G 2.75(rt).165 G
(his case in particular)-2.75 E 2.75(,w)-.44 G(here routers may)-2.75 E
(not ha)72 611.4 Q .33 -.165(ve a u)-.22 H
(sable RP-set, we recommend originating a BSM as soon as BS_Min_Interv)
.165 E(al has)-.275 E 2.75(passed. W)72 624.4 R 2.75(es)-.88 G
(uggest though that a BSR can do this in general.)-2.75 E(One w)5.5 E
(ay of implementing this, is)-.11 E(to decrease the Bootstrap T)72 637.4
Q(imer to BS_Min_Interv)-.385 E(al whene)-.275 E -.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75
(rt).165 G(he RP-set changes, while not)-2.75 E
(changing the timer if it is less or equal to BS_Min_Interv)72 650.4 Q
(al.)-.275 E 2.75(AB)72 667 S(SR originates separate scoped BSMs for ea\
ch scope zone for which it is the elected BSR, as)-2.75 E(well as origi\
nating non-scoped BSMs if it is the elected non-scoped BSR.)72 680 Q(Ea\
ch group-to-C-RP mapping is included in precisely one of these BSM, nam\
ely the scoped BSM)72 696.6 Q(for the narro)72 709.6 Q
(west scope containing the group range of the mapping, if an)-.275 E
1.43 -.715(y, o)-.165 H 2.75(rt).715 G(he non-scoped)-2.75 E
(BSM otherwise.)72 722.6 Q(Bhaskar/Gall/Ling)72 769 Q(ard/V)-.055 E
199.119(enaas Section)-1.221 F 2.75(3.3. [P)2.75 F(age 16])-.165 E 0 Cg
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/F0 11/Times-Roman@0 SF(INTERNET)72 49 Q 71.587(-DRAFT Expires:)-1.012 F
(January 2008)2.75 E(July 2007)123.726 E 2.75(As)72 85 S
(coped BSM MUST ha)-2.75 E .33 -.165(ve a)-.22 H 2.75(tl).165 G
(east one group range, and the \214rst group range in a scoped BSM)-2.75
E(MUST ha)72 98 Q .33 -.165(ve t)-.22 H(he "Admin Scope Zone" bit set.)
.165 E(This group range identi\214es the scope of the BSM.)5.5 E(In a s\
coped IPv4 BSM, the \214rst group range is the range corresponding to t\
he scope of the BSM.)72 111 Q
(In a scoped IPv6 BSM, the \214rst group range may be an)72 124 Q 2.75
(yg)-.165 G(roup range subject to the general)-2.75 E
(condition that all the group ranges in such a BSM MUST ha)72 137 Q .33
-.165(ve a m)-.22 H(ask length of at least 16 and).165 E(MUST ha)72 150
Q .33 -.165(ve t)-.22 H(he same scope ID as the scope of the BSM.).165 E
(Apart from identifying the scope, the \214rst group range in a scoped \
BSM is treated lik)72 166.6 Q 2.75(ea)-.11 G .33 -.165(ny o)-2.75 H
(ther).165 E(range with respect to RP mappings.)72 179.6 Q
(I.e., all mappings in the RP-set for this group range, if an)5.5 E
-.715(y,)-.165 G
(must be included in this \214rst group range in the BSM.)72 192.6 Q
(After this group range, other group ranges)5.5 E
(in this scope for which there are RP mappings appear in an)72 205.6 Q
2.75(yo)-.165 G(rder)-2.75 E(.)-.605 E(The "Admin Scope Zone" bit of al\
l group ranges other than the \214rst SHOULD be set to 0 on)72 222.2 Q
(origination, and MUST be ignored on receipt.)72 235.2 Q
(When an elected BSR is being shut do)72 251.8 Q
(wn, it should immediately originate a Bootstrap message)-.275 E
(listing its current RP-Set, b)72 264.8 Q
(ut with the BSR Priority \214eld set to the lo)-.22 E(west priority v)
-.275 E(alue possible.)-.275 E(This will cause the election of a ne)72
277.8 Q 2.75(wB)-.275 G(SR to happen more quickly)-2.75 E(.)-.715 E/F1
11/Times-Bold@0 SF(3.4.)72 303.8 Q/F2 13/Times-Bold@0 SF -.325(Fo)5.5 G
(rwarding Bootstrap Messages).325 E F0(Generally)72 320.4 Q 2.75(,b)
-.715 G(ootstrap messages originate at the BSR, and are hop-by-hop forw)
-2.75 E(arded by)-.11 E(intermediate routers if the)72 333.4 Q 2.75(yp)
-.165 G(ass the Bootstrap Message Processing Checks.)-2.75 E
(There are tw)5.5 E(o)-.11 E -.165(ex)72 346.4 S(ceptions to this.).165
E(One is that a bootstrap message is not forw)5.5 E(arded if its No-F)
-.11 E(orw)-.165 E(ard bit is set,)-.11 E(see 3.5.1.)72 359.4 Q
(The other is that unicast BSMs, see 3.5.2, are usually not forw)5.5 E
2.75(arded. Implementers)-.11 F(MA)72 372.4 Q 2.838 -1.419(Y, h)-1.155 H
-.275(ow)1.419 G -2.365 -.275(ev e).275 H .88 -.44(r, a).275 H 2.75(tt)
.44 G(heir o)-2.75 E(wn discretion choose to re-send a No-F)-.275 E(orw)
-.165 E(ard or unicast BSM in a)-.11 E(multicast BSM which MUST ha)72
385.4 Q .33 -.165(ve t)-.22 H(he No-F).165 E(orw)-.165 E
(ard bit cleared.)-.11 E(It is essential that the No-)5.5 E -.165(Fo)72
398.4 S(rw).165 E
(ard bit is cleared, since no RPF check is performed by the recei)-.11 E
-.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75(rw).165 G(hen set.)-2.75 E(By hop-by-hop forw)72
415 Q(arding, we mean that the bootstrap message itself is forw)-.11 E
(arded, not the entire)-.11 E(IP pack)72 428 Q 2.75(et. Each)-.11 F
(hop constructs an IP pack)2.75 E(et for each of the interf)-.11 E
(aces the BSM is to be forw)-.11 E(arded)-.11 E(out of; each pack)72 441
Q(et containing the entire BSM that w)-.11 E(as recei)-.11 E -.165(ve)
-.275 G(d.).165 E(When a Bootstrap message is forw)72 457.6 Q
(arded, it is forw)-.11 E(arded out of e)-.11 E -.165(ve)-.275 G
(ry multicast-capable interf).165 E(ace)-.11 E
(which has PIM neighbors \(including the one o)72 470.6 Q -.165(ve)-.165
G 2.75(rw).165 G(hich the message w)-2.75 E(as recei)-.11 E -.165(ve)
-.275 G 2.75(d\). The).165 F -.165(ex)72 483.6 S
(ception to this is if the interf).165 E(ace is an administrati)-.11 E
.33 -.165(ve s)-.275 H(cope boundary for the admin scope zone).165 E
(indicated in the \214rst group range in the Bootstrap message pack)72
496.6 Q(et.)-.11 E(As an optimization, a router MA)72 513.2 Q 2.75(Yc)
-1.155 G(hoose not to forw)-2.75 E(ard a BSM out of the interf)-.11 E
(ace the message)-.11 E -.11(wa)72 526.2 S 2.75(sr).11 G(ecei)-2.75 E
-.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75(do).165 G 2.75(ni)-2.75 G 2.75(ft)-2.75 G
(hat interf)-2.75 E(ace is a point-to-point interf)-.11 E 2.75(ace. On)
-.11 F(interf)2.75 E(aces with multiple PIM)-.11 E
(neighbors, a router SHOULD forw)72 539.2 Q
(ard an accepted BSM onto the interf)-.11 E(ace that BSM w)-.11 E(as)
-.11 E(recei)72 552.2 Q -.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75(do).165 G(n, b)-2.75 E
(ut if the number of PIM neighbors on that interf)-.22 E(ace is lar)-.11
E(ge, it MA)-.198 E 2.75(Yd)-1.155 G(elay)-2.75 E(forw)72 565.2 Q
(arding a BSM onto that interf)-.11 E(ace by a small randomized interv)
-.11 E(al to pre)-.275 E -.165(ve)-.275 G(nt message).165 E 2.75
(implosion. A)72 578.2 R(con\214guration option MA)2.75 E 2.75(Yb)-1.155
G 2.75(ep)-2.75 G(ro)-2.75 E(vided to disable forw)-.165 E
(arding onto the interf)-.11 E(ace a)-.11 E(message w)72 591.2 Q
(as recei)-.11 E -.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75(do).165 G(n, b)-2.75 E
(ut we recommend that the def)-.22 E(ault beha)-.11 E(vior is to forw)
-.22 E(ard onto that)-.11 E(interf)72 604.2 Q(ace.)-.11 E/F3 11
/Times-Italic@0 SF(Rationale: A BSM needs to be forwar)72 620.8 Q
(ded onto the interface the messa)-.407 E .22 -.11(ge w)-.11 H(as r).11
E(eceived on \(in)-.407 E
(addition to the other interfaces\) because the r)72 633.8 Q(outer)-.495
E 2.75(so)-.11 G 2.75(naL)-2.75 G(AN may not have consistent r)-2.75 E
(outing)-.495 E 2.75(information. If)72 646.8 R(thr)2.75 E(ee r)-.407 E
(outer)-.495 E 2.75(so)-.11 G 2.75(naL)-2.75 G(AN ar)-2.75 E 2.75(eA)
-.407 G 2.75(,B)-2.75 G 2.75(,a)-2.75 G(nd C, and at r)-2.75 E
(outer B RPF\(BSR\)==A and at)-.495 E -.495(ro)72 659.8 S
(uter C RPF\(BSR\)==B, then r).495 E(outer A originally forwar)-.495 E
(ds the BSM onto the LAN, b)-.407 E(ut r)-.22 E(outer C)-.495 E
(will only accept it when r)72 672.8 Q(outer B r)-.495 E(e-forwar)-.407
E(ds the messa)-.407 E .22 -.11(ge o)-.11 H(nto the LAN.).11 E
(If the underlying r)5.5 E(outing)-.495 E(pr)72 685.8 Q
(otocol con\214gur)-.495 E(ation guar)-.165 E(antees that the r)-.165 E
(outer)-.495 E 2.75(sh)-.11 G(ave consistent r)-2.75 E
(outing information, then)-.495 E(forwar)72 698.8 Q
(ding onto the incoming interface may safely be disabled.)-.407 E F0
(Bhaskar/Gall/Ling)72 769 Q(ard/V)-.055 E 199.119(enaas Section)-1.221 F
2.75(3.4. [P)2.75 F(age 17])-.165 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 11/Times-Roman@0 SF(INTERNET)72 49 Q 71.587(-DRAFT Expires:)-1.012 F
(January 2008)2.75 E(July 2007)123.726 E 2.75(AZ)72 85 S(BR constrains \
all BSMs which are of equal or smaller scope than the con\214gured boun\
dary)-2.75 E(.)-.715 E
(That is, the BSMs are not accepted from, originated or forw)72 98 Q
(arded on the interf)-.11 E(aces on which the)-.11 E
(boundary is con\214gured.)72 111 Q -.165(Fo)5.5 G 2.75(rI).165 G
(Pv6 the check is a comparison between the scope of the \214rst range)
-2.75 E(in the scoped BSM and the scope of the con\214gured boundary)72
124 Q 5.5(.F)-.715 G(or IPv4, the \214rst range in the)-5.665 E
(scoped BSM is check)72 137 Q(ed to see if it is contained in or is the\
 same as the range of the con\214gured)-.11 E(boundary)72 150 Q(.)-.715
E/F1 11/Times-Bold@0 SF(3.5.)72 176 Q/F2 13/Times-Bold@0 SF
(Bootstrap Messages to New and Rebooting Routers)5.5 E F0 1.76 -.88
(To a)72 192.6 T(llo).88 E 2.75(wn)-.275 G .55 -.275(ew o)-2.75 H 2.75
(rr).275 G(ebooting routers to learn the RP-Set quickly)-2.75 E 2.75(,w)
-.715 G(hen a Hello message is recei)-2.75 E -.165(ve)-.275 G(d).165 E
(from a ne)72 205.6 Q 2.75(wn)-.275 G(eighbor)-2.75 E 2.75(,o)-.44 G
2.75(raH)-2.75 G(ello message with a ne)-2.75 E 2.75(wG)-.275 G
(enID is recei)-2.75 E -.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75(df).165 G(rom an e)-2.75 E
(xisting)-.165 E(neighbor)72 218.6 Q 2.75(,o)-.44 G
(ne router on the LAN sends a stored cop)-2.75 E 2.75(yo)-.11 G 2.75(ft)
-2.75 G(he Bootstrap message for each admin)-2.75 E
(scope zone to the ne)72 231.6 Q 2.75(wo)-.275 G 2.75(rr)-2.75 G
(ebooting router)-2.75 E(.)-.605 E
(This message SHOULD be sent as a No-F)72 248.2 Q(orw)-.165 E
(ard Bootstrap message, see 3.5.1.)-.11 E -.165(Fo)5.5 G 2.75(rb).165 G
(ackw)-2.75 E(ards)-.11 E(compatibility)72 261.2 Q 2.75(,t)-.715 G
(his message MA)-2.75 E 2.75(Yi)-1.155 G
(nstead or in addition be sent as a Unicast Bootstrap message,)-2.75 E
(see 3.5.2.)72 274.2 Q
(These messages MUST only be accepted at startup, see 3.1.3.)5.5 E(The \
router that does this is the Designated Router \(DR\) on the LAN, or)72
290.8 Q 2.75(,i)-.44 G 2.75(ft)-2.75 G(he ne)-2.75 E 2.75(wo)-.275 G
2.75(rr)-2.75 G(ebooting)-2.75 E(router is the DR, the router that w)72
303.8 Q(ould be the DR if the ne)-.11 E 2.75(wo)-.275 G 2.75(rr)-2.75 G
(ebooting router were e)-2.75 E(xcluded)-.165 E
(from the DR election process.)72 316.8 Q
(Before sending a Bootstrap message in this manner)72 333.4 Q 2.75(,t)
-.44 G(he router must w)-2.75 E(ait until it has sent a)-.11 E
(triggered Hello message on this interf)72 346.4 Q
(ace; otherwise, the ne)-.11 E 2.75(wn)-.275 G
(eighbor will discard the Bootstrap)-2.75 E(message.)72 359.4 Q F1 2.75
(3.5.1. No-F)72 385.4 R(orward Bootstrap Messages)-.275 E F0 2.75(AN)72
402 S(o-F)-2.75 E(orw)-.165 E
(ard Bootstrap message, is a bootstrap message that has the No-F)-.11 E
(orw)-.165 E(ard bit set.)-.11 E(All)5.5 E
(implementations SHOULD support sending of No-F)72 415 Q(orw)-.165 E
(ard Bootstrap messages, and SHOULD)-.11 E(also accept them.)72 428 Q
(The RPF check MUST NO)5.5 E 2.75(Tb)-.44 G 2.75(ep)-2.75 G
(erformed in the BSM processing check for a)-2.75 E(No-F)72 441 Q(orw)
-.165 E(ard BSM, see 3.1.3.)-.11 E(The messages ha)5.5 E .33 -.165(ve t)
-.22 H(he same source and destination addresses as).165 E
(the usual multicast Bootstrap messages.)72 454 Q F1 2.75
(3.5.2. Unicasting)72 480 R(Bootstrap Messages)2.75 E F0 -.165(Fo)72
496.6 S 2.75(rb).165 G(ackw)-2.75 E
(ards compatibility implementations MA)-.11 E 2.75(Ys)-1.155 G
(upport Unicast Bootstrap messages.)-2.75 E(Whether to send Unicast Boo\
tstrap Messages instead of or in addition to No-F)72 509.6 Q(orw)-.165 E
(ard Bootstrap)-.11 E(Messages, and also whether to accept such message\
s, SHOULD be con\214gurable.)72 522.6 Q(This message is)5.5 E
(unicast to the neighbor)72 535.6 Q(.)-.605 E F1(3.6.)72 561.6 Q F2
(Recei)5.5 E(ving and Using the RP-Set)-.13 E F0(The RP-Set maintained \
by BSR is used by RP-based multicast routing protocols lik)72 578.2 Q
2.75(eP)-.11 G(IM-SM)-2.75 E(and BIDIR-PIM.)72 591.2 Q
(These protocols may obtain RP-Sets from other sources as well.)5.5 E
(Ho)5.5 E 2.75(wt)-.275 G(he \214nal)-2.75 E(group-to-RP mappings are o\
btained from these RP-Sets is not part of the BSR speci\214cation.)72
604.2 Q(In)5.5 E(general, the routing protocols need to re-calculate th\
e mappings when an)72 617.2 Q 2.75(yo)-.165 G 2.75(ft)-2.75 G
(heir RP-Sets)-2.75 E 2.75(change. Ho)72 630.2 R 2.75(ws)-.275 G(uch a \
change is signalled to the routing protocol is also not part of the pre\
sent)-2.75 E(speci\214cation.)72 643.2 Q(Some group-to-RP mappings in t\
he RP-Set indicate group ranges for which PIM-SM should be)72 659.8 Q
(used; others indicate group ranges for use with BIDIR-PIM.)72 672.8 Q
(Routers that only support one of)5.5 E(these protocols MUST NO)72 685.8
Q 2.75(Ti)-.44 G
(gnore ranges indicated as being for the other protocol.)-2.75 E(The)5.5
E 2.75(yM)-.165 G(UST)-2.75 E(NO)72 698.8 Q 2.75(Tt)-.44 G
(reat them as being for the protocol the)-2.75 E 2.75(ys)-.165 G
(upport.)-2.75 E(Bhaskar/Gall/Ling)72 769 Q(ard/V)-.055 E 199.119
(enaas Section)-1.221 F 2.75(3.6. [P)2.75 F(age 18])-.165 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 11/Times-Roman@0 SF(INTERNET)72 49 Q 71.587(-DRAFT Expires:)-1.012 F
(January 2008)2.75 E(July 2007)123.726 E(If a mapping is not already pa\
rt of the RP-Set, it is added to the RP-Set and the associated Group-)72
85 Q(to-RP mapping Expiry T)72 98 Q(imer \(GET\) is initialized to the \
holdtime from the Bootstrap Message.)-.385 E
(Its priority is set to the Priority from the Bootstrap Message.)72 111
Q(If a mapping is already part of the RP-Set, it is updated with the Pr\
iority from the Bootstrap)72 127.6 Q(Message and its associated GET is \
reset to the holdtime from the Bootsrap Message.)72 140.6 Q(If the)5.5 E
(holdtime is zero, the mapping is remo)72 153.6 Q -.165(ve)-.165 G 2.75
(df).165 G(rom the RP-Set immediately)-2.75 E(.)-.715 E/F1 11
/Times-Bold@0 SF(4.)72 179.6 Q/F2 14/Times-Bold@0 SF(Message F)5.5 E
(ormats)-.35 E F0(BSR messages are PIM messages, as de\214ned in [1].)72
196.2 Q(The v)5.5 E(alues of the PIM Message T)-.275 E(ype \214eld)-.88
E(for BSR messages are:)72 209.2 Q 19.5(4B)72 225.8 S(ootstrap)-19.5 E
19.5(8C)72 242.4 S(andidate-RP-Adv)-19.5 E(ertisement)-.165 E
(As with all other PIM control messages, BSR messages ha)72 259 Q .33
-.165(ve I)-.22 H 2.75(Pp).165 G(rotocol number 103.)-2.75 E
(Candidate-RP-Adv)72 275.6 Q(ertisement messages are unicast to a BSR.)
-.165 E(Usually)5.5 E 2.75(,B)-.715 G(ootstrap messages are)-2.75 E
(multicast with TTL 1 to the ALL-PIM-R)72 288.6 Q(OUTERS group, b)-.44 E
(ut in some circumstances \(described in)-.22 E(section 3.5.2\) Bootstr\
ap messages are unicast to a speci\214c PIM neighbor)72 301.6 Q(.)-.605
E(The IP source address used for Candidate-RP-Adv)72 318.2 Q
(ertisement messages is a domain-wide)-.165 E(reachable address.)72
331.2 Q(The IP source address used for Bootstrap messages \(re)5.5 E
-.055(ga)-.165 G(rdless of whether).055 E(the)72 344.2 Q 2.75(ya)-.165 G
(re being originated or forw)-2.75 E
(arded\) is the link-local address of the interf)-.11 E
(ace on which the)-.11 E(message is being sent \(that is, the same sour\
ce address that the router uses for the Hello messages)72 357.2 Q
(it sends out that interf)72 370.2 Q(ace\).)-.11 E(The IPv4 ALL-PIM-R)72
386.8 Q(OUTERS group is 224.0.0.13.)-.44 E(The IPv6 ALL-PIM-R)5.5 E
(OUTERS group is)-.44 E -.275(ff)72 399.8 S(02::d.).275 E
(In this section we use the follo)72 416.4 Q
(wing terms de\214ned in the PIM-SM speci\214cation [1]:)-.275 E 21.15
<8345>72 433 S(ncoded-Unicast format)-21.15 E 21.15<8345>72 449.6 S
(ncoded-Group format)-21.15 E 1.76 -.88(We r)72 466.2 T
(epeat these here to aid readability).88 E(.)-.715 E F1
(Encoded-Unicast addr)72 492.2 Q(ess)-.198 E F0
(An Encoded-Unicast address tak)72 508.8 Q(es the follo)-.11 E
(wing format:)-.275 E/F3 11/Courier@0 SF 125.4(0123)78.6 527.8 S 6.6
(01234567890123456789012345678901)78.6 540.8 S
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)72
553.8 Q 13.2(|A)72 566.8 S(ddr Family)-13.2 E 6.6(|E)13.2 G
(ncoding Type |)-6.6 E(Unicast Address)33 E
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+...)72 579.8 Q F1
(Addr F)72 602.4 Q(amily)-.275 E F0(The PIM address f)97 615.4 Q
(amily of the `Unicast Address' \214eld of this address.)-.11 E -1.221
(Va)97 632 S(lues of 0-127 are as assigned by the IAN)1.221 E 2.75(Af)
-.385 G(or Internet Address F)-2.75 E(amilies in [11].)-.165 E -1.221
(Va)5.5 G(lues)1.221 E(128-250 are reserv)97 645 Q
(ed to be assigned by the IAN)-.165 E 2.75(Af)-.385 G
(or PIM-speci\214c Address F)-2.75 E(amilies.)-.165 E -1.221(Va)97 658 S
(lues 251 though 255 are designated for pri)1.221 E -.275(va)-.275 G
(te use.).275 E(As there is no assignment authority)5.5 E
(for this space, collisions should be e)97 671 Q(xpected.)-.165 E F1
(Encoding T)72 687.6 Q(ype)-.814 E F0
(The type of encoding used within a speci\214c Address F)97 700.6 Q
(amily)-.165 E 5.5(.T)-.715 G(he v)-5.5 E(alue `0' is reserv)-.275 E
(ed for)-.165 E(this \214eld, and represents the nati)97 713.6 Q .33
-.165(ve e)-.275 H(ncoding of the Address F).165 E(amily)-.165 E(.)-.715
E(Bhaskar/Gall/Ling)72 769 Q(ard/V)-.055 E 207.369(enaas Section)-1.221
F 2.75(4. [P)2.75 F(age 19])-.165 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 11/Times-Roman@0 SF(INTERNET)72 49 Q 71.587(-DRAFT Expires:)-1.012 F
(January 2008)2.75 E(July 2007)123.726 E/F1 11/Times-Bold@0 SF
(Unicast Addr)72 85 Q(ess)-.198 E F0
(The unicast address as represented by the gi)97 98 Q -.165(ve)-.275 G
2.75(nA).165 G(ddress F)-2.75 E(amily and Encoding T)-.165 E(ype.)-.88 E
F1(Encoded-Gr)72 137 Q(oup addr)-.198 E(ess)-.198 E F0
(Encoded-Group addresses tak)72 153.6 Q 2.75(et)-.11 G(he follo)-2.75 E
(wing format:)-.275 E/F2 11/Courier@0 SF 125.4(0123)78.6 172.6 S 6.6
(01234567890123456789012345678901)78.6 185.6 S
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)72
198.6 Q 13.2(|A)72 211.6 S(ddr Family)-13.2 E 6.6(|E)13.2 G
(ncoding Type |B| Reserved)-6.6 E 6.6(|Z| Mask)13.2 F 26.4(Len |)6.6 F
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)72
224.6 Q 105.6(|G)72 237.6 S(roup multicast Address)-105.6 E
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+...)72 250.6 Q F1(Addr F)72 273.2
Q(amily)-.275 E F0(described abo)97 286.2 Q -.165(ve)-.165 G(.).165 E F1
(Encoding T)72 302.8 Q(ype)-.814 E F0(described abo)97 315.8 Q -.165(ve)
-.165 G(.).165 E F1([B]IDIR bit)72 332.4 Q F0(When set, all BIDIR capab\
le PIM routers will operate the protocol described in [2] for the)97
345.4 Q(speci\214ed group range.)97 358.4 Q F1(Reser)72 375 Q -.11(ve)
-.11 G(d).11 E F0 -.385(Tr)97 388 S(ansmitted as zero.).385 E
(Ignored upon receipt.)5.5 E F1(Admin Scope [Z]one)72 404.6 Q F0
(When set, this bit indicates that this group range is an administrati)
97 417.6 Q -.165(ve)-.275 G(ly scoped range.).165 E F1(Mask Len)72 434.2
Q F0(The Mask length \214eld is 8 bits.)97 447.2 Q(The v)5.5 E
(alue is the number of contiguous one bits left justi\214ed)-.275 E(use\
d as a mask which, combined with the group address, describes a range o\
f groups.)97 460.2 Q(It is)5.5 E
(less than or equal to the address length in bits for the gi)97 473.2 Q
-.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75(nA).165 G(ddress F)-2.75 E(amily and Encoding)
-.165 E -.88(Ty)97 486.2 S 2.75(pe. If).88 F(the message is sent for a \
single group then the Mask length must equal the address)2.75 E
(length in bits for the gi)97 499.2 Q -.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75(nA).165 G
(ddress F)-2.75 E(amily and Encoding T)-.165 E 2.75(ype. \(e.g.)-.88 F
(32 for IPv4 nati)2.75 E -.165(ve)-.275 G
(encoding and 128 for IPv6 nati)97 512.2 Q .33 -.165(ve e)-.275 H
(ncoding\).).165 E F1(Gr)72 528.8 Q(oup multicast Addr)-.198 E(ess)-.198
E F0(Contains the group address.)97 541.8 Q F1(4.1.)72 567.8 Q/F3 13
/Times-Bold@0 SF(Bootstrap Message F)5.5 E(ormat)-.325 E F0 2.75(Ab)72
584.4 S(ootstrap message may be di)-2.75 E(vided up into ')-.275 E
(semantic fragments' if the resulting IP datagram)-.605 E -.11(wo)72
597.4 S(uld e).11 E(xceed the maximum pack)-.165 E(et size boundaries.)
-.11 E(Basically)5.5 E 2.75(,as)-.715 G(ingle Bootstrap message can be)
-2.75 E(sent as multiple semantic fragments \(each in a separate IP dat\
agram\), so long as the fragment tags)72 610.4 Q
(of all the semantic fragments comprising the message are the same.)72
623.4 Q(The format of a single non-)5.5 E
(fragmented message is the same as the one used for semantic fragments.)
72 636.4 Q(The format of a single `fragment' is gi)72 653 Q -.165(ve)
-.275 G 2.75(nb).165 G(elo)-2.75 E(w:)-.275 E(Bhaskar/Gall/Ling)72 769 Q
(ard/V)-.055 E 199.119(enaas Section)-1.221 F 2.75(4.1. [P)2.75 F
(age 20])-.165 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 11/Times-Roman@0 SF(INTERNET)72 49 Q 71.587(-DRAFT Expires:)-1.012 F
(January 2008)2.75 E(July 2007)123.726 E/F1 11/Courier@0 SF 125.4(0123)
78.6 85 S 6.6(01234567890123456789012345678901)78.6 98 S
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)72
111 Q(|PIM Ver| Type)72 124 Q 6.6(|N| Reserved)13.2 F 72.6(|C)19.8 G
72.6(hecksum |)-72.6 F
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)72
137 Q 59.4(|F)72 150 S(ragment Tag)-59.4 E 6.6(|H)66 G
(ash Mask Len | BSR Priority)-6.6 E(|)13.2 E
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)72
163 Q 85.8(|B)72 176 S(SR Address \(Encoded-Unicast format\))-85.8 E(|)
92.4 E
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)72
189 Q 79.2(|G)72 202 S(roup Address 1 \(Encoded-Group format\))-79.2 E
(|)85.8 E
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)72
215 Q 6.6(|R)72 228 S 6.6(PC)-6.6 G(ount 1)-6.6 E 6.6(|F)26.4 G
(rag RP Cnt 1 |)-6.6 E 85.8(Reserved |)59.4 F
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)72
241 Q 85.8(|R)72 254 S 6.6(PA)-85.8 G
(ddress 1 \(Encoded-Unicast format\))-6.6 E(|)85.8 E
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)72
267 Q 66(|R)72 280 S(P1 Holdtime)-66 E 6.6(|R)59.4 G(P1 Priority)-6.6 E
19.8(|R)13.2 G 19.8(eserved |)-19.8 F
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)72
293 Q 85.8(|R)72 306 S 6.6(PA)-85.8 G
(ddress 2 \(Encoded-Unicast format\))-6.6 E(|)85.8 E
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)72
319 Q 66(|R)72 332 S(P2 Holdtime)-66 E 6.6(|R)59.4 G(P2 Priority)-6.6 E
19.8(|R)13.2 G 19.8(eserved |)-19.8 F
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)72
345 Q 204.6(|.|)72 358 S 204.6(|.|)72 371 S
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)72
384 Q 85.8(|R)72 397 S 6.6(PA)-85.8 G
(ddress m \(Encoded-Unicast format\))-6.6 E(|)85.8 E
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)72
410 Q 66(|R)72 423 S(Pm Holdtime)-66 E 6.6(|R)59.4 G(Pm Priority)-6.6 E
19.8(|R)13.2 G 19.8(eserved |)-19.8 F
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)72
436 Q 79.2(|G)72 449 S(roup Address 2 \(Encoded-Group format\))-79.2 E
(|)85.8 E
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)72
462 Q 204.6(|.|)72 475 S 204.6(|.|)72 488 S
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)72
501 Q 79.2(|G)72 514 S(roup Address n \(Encoded-Group format\))-79.2 E
(|)85.8 E
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)72
527 Q 6.6(|R)72 540 S 6.6(PC)-6.6 G(ount n)-6.6 E 6.6(|F)26.4 G
(rag RP Cnt n |)-6.6 E 79.2(Reserved |)66 F
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)72
553 Q 85.8(|R)72 566 S 6.6(PA)-85.8 G
(ddress 1 \(Encoded-Unicast format\))-6.6 E(|)85.8 E
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)72
579 Q 66(|R)72 592 S(P1 Holdtime)-66 E 6.6(|R)59.4 G(P1 Priority)-6.6 E
19.8(|R)13.2 G 19.8(eserved |)-19.8 F
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)72
605 Q 85.8(|R)72 618 S 6.6(PA)-85.8 G
(ddress 2 \(Encoded-Unicast format\))-6.6 E(|)85.8 E
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)72
631 Q 66(|R)72 644 S(P2 Holdtime)-66 E 6.6(|R)59.4 G(P2 Priority)-6.6 E
19.8(|R)13.2 G 19.8(eserved |)-19.8 F
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)72
657 Q 204.6(|.|)72 670 S 204.6(|.|)72 683 S
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)72
696 Q 85.8(|R)72 709 S 6.6(PA)-85.8 G
(ddress m \(Encoded-Unicast format\))-6.6 E(|)85.8 E
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)72
722 Q F0(Bhaskar/Gall/Ling)72 769 Q(ard/V)-.055 E 199.119(enaas Section)
-1.221 F 2.75(4.1. [P)2.75 F(age 21])-.165 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 11/Times-Roman@0 SF(INTERNET)72 49 Q 71.587(-DRAFT Expires:)-1.012 F
(January 2008)2.75 E(July 2007)123.726 E/F1 11/Courier@0 SF 66(|R)72 85
S(Pm Holdtime)-66 E 6.6(|R)59.4 G(Pm Priority)-6.6 E 19.8(|R)13.2 G 19.8
(eserved |)-19.8 F
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)72 98
Q/F2 11/Times-Bold@0 SF(PIM V)72 120.6 Q(ersion, Reser)-1.1 E -.11(ve)
-.11 G(d, Checksum).11 E F0(Described in [1].)97 133.6 Q F2 -.814(Ty)72
163.2 S(pe).814 E F0(PIM Message T)97 176.2 Q 2.75(ype. V)-.88 F
(alue is 4 for a Bootstrap message.)-1.221 E F2([N]o-f)72 192.8 Q
(orward bit)-.275 E F0(When set, this bit means that the Bootstrap mess\
age fragment is not to be forw)97 205.8 Q(arded.)-.11 E F2(Fragment T)72
222.4 Q(ag)-1.012 E F0 2.75(Ar)97 235.4 S(andomly generated number)-2.75
E 2.75(,a)-.44 G(cts to distinguish the fragments belonging to dif)-2.75
E(ferent)-.275 E(Bootstrap messages; fragments belonging to same Bootst\
rap message carry the same)97 248.4 Q(`Fragment T)97 261.4 Q(ag'.)-.88 E
F2(Hash Mask Len)72 278 Q F0
(The length \(in bits\) of the mask to use in the hash function.)97 291
Q -.165(Fo)5.5 G 2.75(rI).165 G(Pv4 we recommend a)-2.75 E -.275(va)97
304 S(lue of 30.).275 E -.165(Fo)5.5 G 2.75(rI).165 G
(Pv6 we recommend a v)-2.75 E(alue of 126.)-.275 E F2(BSR Priority)72
320.6 Q F0(Contains the BSR priority v)97 333.6 Q
(alue of the included BSR.)-.275 E(This \214eld is considered as a high)
5.5 E(order byte when comparing BSR addresses.)97 346.6 Q
(BSRs should by def)5.5 E(ault set this \214eld to 64.)-.11 E(Note that\
 for historical reasons, the highest BSR priority is 255 \(the higher t\
he better\),)97 359.6 Q(whereas the highest RP Priority \(see belo)97
372.6 Q(w\) is 0 \(the lo)-.275 E(wer the better\).)-.275 E F2(BSR Addr)
72 389.2 Q(ess)-.198 E F0
(The address of the bootstrap router for the domain.)97 402.2 Q
(The format for this address is gi)5.5 E -.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75(ni).165 G
(n)-2.75 E(the Encoded-Unicast address in [1].)97 415.2 Q F2(Gr)72 444.8
Q(oup Addr)-.198 E(ess 1..n)-.198 E F0(The group ranges \(address and m\
ask\) with which the Candidate-RPs are associated.)97 457.8 Q -.165(Fo)
5.5 G(rmat).165 E(described in [1].)97 470.8 Q(In a fragment containing\
 admin scope ranges, the \214rst group range in the)5.5 E
(fragment MUST satisfy the follo)97 483.8 Q(wing conditions: it MUST ha)
-.275 E .33 -.165(ve t)-.22 H(he Admin Scope bit set;).165 E(for IPv4 i\
t MUST be the group range for the entire admin scope range \(this is th\
e case e)97 496.8 Q -.165(ve)-.275 G(n).165 E(if there are no RPs in th\
e RP-Set for the entire admin scope range - in this case the sub-)97
509.8 Q(ranges for the RP-Set are speci\214ed later in the fragment alo\
ng with their RPs\); for IPv6 the)97 522.8 Q
(Mask Len MUST be at least 16 and ha)97 535.8 Q .33 -.165(ve t)-.22 H
(he scope ID of the admin scope range.).165 E F2(RP Count 1..n)72 565.4
Q F0(The number of Candidate-RP addresses included in the whole Bootstr\
ap message for the)97 578.4 Q(corresponding group range.)97 591.4 Q 2.75
(Ar)5.5 G(outer does not replace its old RP-Set for a gi)-2.75 E -.165
(ve)-.275 G 2.75(ng).165 G(roup)-2.75 E(range until/unless it recei)97
604.4 Q -.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75(s`).165 G
(RP-Count' addresses for that range; the addresses could be)-2.75 E
(carried o)97 617.4 Q -.165(ve)-.165 G 2.75(rs).165 G -2.365 -.275(ev e)
-2.75 H(ral fragments.).275 E(If only part of the RP-Set for a gi)5.5 E
-.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75(ng).165 G(roup range w)-2.75 E(as)-.11 E(recei)97
630.4 Q -.165(ve)-.275 G(d, the router discards it, without updating th\
at speci\214c group range').165 E 2.75(sR)-.605 G(P-Set.)-2.75 E F2
(Frag RP Cnt 1..m)72 647 Q F0(The number of Candidate-RP addresses incl\
uded in this fragment of the Bootstrap message,)97 660 Q
(for the corresponding group range.)97 673 Q
(The `Frag RP Cnt' \214eld f)5.5 E(acilitates parsing of the RP-Set)-.11
E(for a gi)97 686 Q -.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75(ng).165 G
(roup range, when carried o)-2.75 E -.165(ve)-.165 G 2.75(rm).165 G
(ore than one fragment.)-2.75 E F2(RP addr)72 702.6 Q(ess 1..m)-.198 E
F0(The address of the Candidate-RPs, for the corresponding group range.)
97 715.6 Q(The format for these)5.5 E(Bhaskar/Gall/Ling)72 769 Q(ard/V)
-.055 E 199.119(enaas Section)-1.221 F 2.75(4.1. [P)2.75 F(age 22])-.165
E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 11/Times-Roman@0 SF(INTERNET)72 49 Q 71.587(-DRAFT Expires:)-1.012 F
(January 2008)2.75 E(July 2007)123.726 E(addresses is gi)97 85 Q -.165
(ve)-.275 G 2.75(ni).165 G 2.75(nt)-2.75 G
(he Encoded-Unicast address in [1].)-2.75 E/F1 11/Times-Bold@0 SF
(RP1..m Holdtime)72 101.6 Q F0
(The Holdtime \(in seconds\) for the corresponding RP)97 114.6 Q 5.5(.T)
-1.221 G(his \214eld is copied from the)-5.5 E
(`Holdtime' \214eld of the associated RP stored at the BSR.)97 127.6 Q
F1(RP1..m Priority)72 144.2 Q F0
(The `Priority' of the corresponding RP and Encoded-Group Address.)97
157.2 Q(This \214eld is copied)5.5 E
(from the `Priority' \214eld stored at the BSR when recei)97 170.2 Q
(ving a C-RP-Adv message.)-.275 E(The)5.5 E
(highest priority is `0' \(i.e. unlik)97 183.2 Q 2.75(eB)-.11 G
(SR priority)-2.75 E 2.75(,t)-.715 G(he lo)-2.75 E(wer the v)-.275 E
(alue of the `Priority' \214eld, the)-.275 E 2.75(better\). Note)97
196.2 R(that the priority is per RP per Group Address.)2.75 E -.44(Wi)72
212.8 S(thin a Bootstrap message, the BSR Address, all the Group Addres\
ses and all the RP Addresses).44 E(MUST be of the same address f)72
225.8 Q(amily)-.11 E 5.5(.I)-.715 G 2.75(na)-5.5 G
(ddition, the address f)-2.75 E(amily of the \214elds in the message)
-.11 E(MUST be the same as the IP source and destination addresses of t\
he pack)72 238.8 Q 2.75(et. This)-.11 F(permits)2.75 E
(maximum implementation \215e)72 251.8 Q
(xibility for dual-stack IPv4/IPv6 routers.)-.165 E F1 2.75
(4.1.1. Semantic)72 277.8 R(Fragmentation of BSMs)2.75 E F0
(Bootstrap messages may be split o)72 294.4 Q -.165(ve)-.165 G 2.75(rs)
.165 G -2.365 -.275(ev e)-2.75 H
(ral PIM Bootstrap Message Fragments \(BSMF\); this is).275 E(kno)72
307.4 Q(wn as semantic fragmentation.)-.275 E
(Each of these must be according to the abo)5.5 E .33 -.165(ve f)-.165 H
2.75(ormat. All).165 F(fragments of a gi)72 320.4 Q -.165(ve)-.275 G
2.75(nB).165 G(ootstrap message MUST ha)-2.75 E .33 -.165(ve i)-.22 H
(dentical v).165 E(alues for the T)-.275 E(ype, No-forw)-.88 E(ard)-.11
E(bit, Fragment T)72 333.4 Q
(ag, Hash Mask Len, BSR Priority and BSR Address \214elds.)-.88 E
(That is, only the)5.5 E(group-to-RP mappings may dif)72 346.4 Q
(fer between fragments.)-.275 E(This is useful if the BSM w)72 363 Q
(ould otherwise e)-.11 E(xceed the MTU of the link the message will be)
-.165 E(forw)72 376 Q(arded o)-.11 E -.165(ve)-.165 G 3.96 -.605(r. I)
.165 H 2.75(fo).605 G(ne relies purely on IP fragmentation, one w)-2.75
E(ould lose the entire message if)-.11 E(one fragment is lost.)72 389 Q
(By use of semantic fragmentation, one lost IP fragment will only cause\
 the)5.5 E(loss of the semantic fragment that the IP fragment w)72 402 Q
(as part of.)-.11 E(As described belo)5.5 E 1.43 -.715(w, a r)-.275 H
(outer only).715 E(needs to recei)72 415 Q .33 -.165(ve a)-.275 H
(ll the RPs for a speci\214c group range to update that range.).165 E
(This means that loss)5.5 E
(of a semantic fragment, due to an IP fragment getting lost, only af)72
428 Q(fects the group ranges the lost)-.275 E
(semantic fragment contains information for)72 441 Q(.)-.605 E(If the B\
SR can split up the BSM so that each group range \(and all of its RP in\
formation\) can \214t)72 457.6 Q(entirely inside one BSMF)72 470.6 Q
2.75(,t)-.88 G(hen it should do so.)-2.75 E
(If a BSMF is lost, the state from the pre)5.5 E(vious)-.275 E
(BSM for the group ranges from the missing BSMF will be retained.)72
483.6 Q(Each fragment that does)5.5 E(arri)72 496.6 Q .33 -.165(ve w)
-.275 H(ill update the RP information for the group ranges contained in\
 that fragment, and the).165 E(ne)72 509.6 Q 2.75(wg)-.275 G
(roup-to-RP mappings for those can be used immediately)-2.75 E 5.5(.T)
-.715 G(he information from the missing)-5.5 E
(fragment will be obtained when the ne)72 522.6 Q
(xt BSM is transmitted.)-.165 E(If the list of RPs for a single group r\
ange is long, one may split the information across multiple)72 539.2 Q
(BSMFs to a)72 552.2 Q -.22(vo)-.22 G(id IP fragmentation.).22 E
(In this case, all the BSMFs comprising the information for)5.5 E
(that group range must be recei)72 565.2 Q -.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75(db).165
G(efore the group-to-RP mapping in use can be modi\214ed.)-2.75 E(This)
5.5 E(is the purpose of the RP Count \214eld - a router recei)72 578.2 Q
(ving BSMFs from the same BSM \(i.e. that)-.275 E(ha)72 591.2 Q .33
-.165(ve t)-.22 H(he same fragment tag\) must w).165 E
(ait until BSMFs pro)-.11 E(viding RP Count RPs for that group range)
-.165 E(ha)72 604.2 Q .33 -.165(ve b)-.22 H(een recei).165 E -.165(ve)
-.275 G 2.75(db).165 G(efore the ne)-2.75 E 2.75(wg)-.275 G
(roup-to-RP mapping can be used for that group range.)-2.75 E(If a)5.5 E
(single BSMF from such a lar)72 617.2 Q
(ge group range is lost, then that entire group range will ha)-.198 E
.33 -.165(ve t)-.22 H 2.75(ow).165 G(ait)-2.86 E(until the ne)72 630.2 Q
(xt BSM is originated.)-.165 E
(Hence the bene\214t of using semantic fragmentation is in this)5.5 E
(case dubious.)72 643.2 Q(Ne)72 659.8 Q(xt we need to consider ho)-.165
E 2.75(waB)-.275 G(SR w)-2.75 E(ould remo)-.11 E .33 -.165(ve g)-.165 H
(roup ranges.).165 E 2.75(Ar)5.5 G(outer recei)-2.75 E(ving a set of)
-.275 E(BSMFs cannot tell if a group range is missing.)72 672.8 Q
(If it has seen a group range before, it must assume)5.5 E
(that that group range still e)72 685.8 Q
(xists, and that the BSMF describing it has been lost.)-.165 E
(It should retain)5.5 E(this information for BS_T)72 698.8 Q 2.75
(imeout. Thus)-.385 F(for a BSR to remo)2.75 E .33 -.165(ve a g)-.165 H
(roup range, it should include that).165 E(group range, b)72 711.8 Q(ut\
 with an RP Count of zero, and it should resend this information in eac\
h BSM for)-.22 E(BS_T)72 724.8 Q(imeout.)-.385 E(Bhaskar/Gall/Ling)72
769 Q(ard/V)-.055 E 190.869(enaas Section)-1.221 F 2.75(4.1.1. [P)2.75 F
(age 23])-.165 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 11/Times-Roman@0 SF(INTERNET)72 49 Q 71.587(-DRAFT Expires:)-1.012 F
(January 2008)2.75 E(July 2007)123.726 E/F1 11/Times-Bold@0 SF(4.2.)72
85 Q/F2 13/Times-Bold@0 SF(Candidate-RP-Adv)5.5 E(ertisement Message F)
-.13 E(ormat)-.325 E F0(Candidate-RP-Adv)72 101.6 Q(ertisement messages\
 are periodically unicast from the C-RPs to the BSR.)-.165 E/F3 11
/Courier@0 SF 125.4(0123)78.6 120.6 S 6.6
(01234567890123456789012345678901)78.6 133.6 S
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)72
146.6 Q(|PIM Ver| Type)72 159.6 Q 19.8(|R)13.2 G 19.8(eserved |)-19.8 F
72.6(Checksum |)72.6 F
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)72
172.6 Q 6.6(|P)72 185.6 S(refix Count)-6.6 E 19.8(|P)13.2 G 19.8
(riority |)-19.8 F 72.6(Holdtime |)72.6 F
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)72
198.6 Q 85.8(|R)72 211.6 S 6.6(PA)-85.8 G
(ddress \(Encoded-Unicast format\))-6.6 E(|)99 E
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)72
224.6 Q 79.2(|G)72 237.6 S(roup Address 1 \(Encoded-Group format\))-79.2
E(|)85.8 E
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)72
250.6 Q 204.6(|.|)72 263.6 S 204.6(|.|)72 276.6 S 204.6(|.|)72 289.6 S
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)72
302.6 Q 79.2(|G)72 315.6 S(roup Address n \(Encoded-Group format\))-79.2
E(|)85.8 E
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)72
328.6 Q F1(PIM V)72 351.2 Q(ersion, Reser)-1.1 E -.11(ve)-.11 G
(d, Checksum).11 E F0(Described in [1].)97 364.2 Q F1 -.814(Ty)72 393.8
S(pe).814 E F0(PIM Message T)97 406.8 Q 2.75(ype. V)-.88 F
(alue is 8 for a Candidate-RP-Adv)-1.221 E(ertisement message.)-.165 E
F1(Pr)72 423.4 Q(e\214x Count)-.198 E F0(The number of encoded group ad\
dresses included in the message; indicating the group)97 436.4 Q
(range for which the C-RP is adv)97 449.4 Q 2.75(ertising. C-RPs)-.165 F
(MUST NO)2.75 E 2.75(Ts)-.44 G(end C-RP-Adv messages)-2.75 E
(with a Pre\214x Count of `0'.)97 462.4 Q F1(Priority)72 479 Q F0
(The `Priority' of the included RP)97 492 Q 2.75(,f)-1.221 G
(or the corresponding Encoded-Group Address \(if an)-2.75 E(y\).)-.165 E
(The highest priority is `0' \(i.e. the lo)97 505 Q(wer the v)-.275 E
(alue of the `Priority' \214eld, the higher the)-.275 E 2.75
(priority\). This)97 518 R(\214eld is stored at the BSR upon receipt al\
ong with the RP address and)2.75 E(corresponding Encoded-Group Address.)
97 531 Q F1(Holdtime)72 547.6 Q F0
(The amount of time \(in seconds\) the adv)97 560.6 Q(ertisement is v)
-.165 E 2.75(alid. This)-.275 F(\214eld allo)2.75 E(ws)-.275 E(adv)97
573.6 Q(ertisements to be aged out.)-.165 E
(This \214eld should be set to 2.5 times C_RP_Adv_Period.)5.5 E F1
(RP Addr)72 590.2 Q(ess)-.198 E F0(The address of the interf)97 603.2 Q
(ace to adv)-.11 E(ertise as a Candidate RP)-.165 E 5.5(.T)-1.221 G
(he format for this address is)-5.5 E(gi)97 616.2 Q -.165(ve)-.275 G
2.75(ni).165 G 2.75(nt)-2.75 G(he Encoded-Unicast address in [1].)-2.75
E F1(Gr)72 645.8 Q(oup Addr)-.198 E(ess-1..n)-.198 E F0
(The group ranges for which the C-RP is adv)97 658.8 Q 2.75(ertising. F)
-.165 F(ormat described in Encoded-Group-)-.165 E(Address in [1].)97
671.8 Q -.44(Wi)72 701.4 S(thin a Candidate-RP-Adv).44 E
(ertisement message, the RP Address and all the Group Addresses)-.165 E
(MUST be of the same address f)72 714.4 Q(amily)-.11 E 5.5(.I)-.715 G
2.75(na)-5.5 G(ddition, the address f)-2.75 E
(amily of the \214elds in the message)-.11 E(Bhaskar/Gall/Ling)72 769 Q
(ard/V)-.055 E 199.119(enaas Section)-1.221 F 2.75(4.2. [P)2.75 F
(age 24])-.165 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 11/Times-Roman@0 SF(INTERNET)72 49 Q 71.587(-DRAFT Expires:)-1.012 F
(January 2008)2.75 E(July 2007)123.726 E(MUST be the same as the IP sou\
rce and destination addresses of the pack)72 85 Q 2.75(et. This)-.11 F
(permits)2.75 E(maximum implementation \215e)72 98 Q
(xibility for dual-stack IPv4/IPv6 routers.)-.165 E/F1 11/Times-Bold@0
SF(5.)72 124 Q/F2 14/Times-Bold@0 SF -.252(Ti)5.5 G(mers and T).252 E
(imer V)-.252 E(alues)-1.288 E F1 -.198(Ti)72 150 S
(mer Name: Bootstrap T).198 E(imer \(BST\(Z\)\))-.198 E .44 LW 503.996
160.75 72 160.75 DL -1.012(Va)89.155 171 S(lue Name)1.012 E -1.012(Va)
87.523 G 118.774(lue Explanation)1.012 F 503.996 175.75 72 175.75 DL
503.996 177.75 72 177.75 DL(BS_P)89.155 188 Q 91.604(eriod Default:)-.22
F(60 seconds)2.75 E -.22(Pe)381.417 188 S(riodic inter).22 E -.11(va)
-.11 G 2.75(lw).11 G(ith)-2.75 E(which BSMs ar)381.417 201 Q(e)-.198 E
(normally originated)381.417 214 Q 503.996 218.75 72 218.75 DL(BS_T)
89.155 229 Q 83.024(imeout Default:)-.198 F(130 seconds)2.75 E(Inter)
381.417 229 Q -.11(va)-.11 G 2.75(la).11 G(fter which a)-2.75 E
(BSR is timed out if no)381.417 242 Q(BSM is r)381.417 255 Q(ecei)-.198
E -.11(ve)-.11 G 2.75(df).11 G -.198(ro)-2.75 G(m).198 E(that BSR)
381.417 268 Q 503.996 272.75 72 272.75 DL(BS_Min_Inter)89.155 283 Q -.11
(va)-.11 G 62.575(lD).11 G(efault: 10 seconds)-62.575 E(Minimum inter)
381.417 283 Q -.11(va)-.11 G(l).11 E(with which BSMs may)381.417 296 Q
(be originated)381.417 309 Q 503.996 313.75 72 313.75 DL(BS_Rand_Ov)
89.155 324 Q 48.715(erride see)-.11 F(belo)2.75 E(w)-.11 E
(Randomized inter)381.417 324 Q -.11(va)-.11 G(l).11 E(used to r)381.417
337 Q(educe contr)-.198 E(ol)-.198 E(message o)381.417 350 Q -.11(ve)
-.11 G(rhead).11 E(during BSR election)381.417 363 Q 503.996 367.75 72
367.75 DL 355.684 160.75 355.684 367.75 DL 207.672 160.75 207.672 367.75
DL 503.996 160.75 503.996 367.75 DL 72 160.75 72 367.75 DL F0
(Note that BS_T)72 385.6 Q(imeout MUST be lar)-.385 E
(ger than BS_Period, e)-.198 E -.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75(ni).165 G 2.75(ft)
-2.75 G(heir v)-2.75 E(alues are changed from the)-.275 E(def)72 398.6 Q
2.75(aults. W)-.11 F 2.75(er)-.88 G(ecommend that BS_T)-2.75 E
(imeout is set to 2 times BS_Period plus 10 seconds.)-.385 E
(Bhaskar/Gall/Ling)72 769 Q(ard/V)-.055 E 207.369(enaas Section)-1.221 F
2.75(5. [P)2.75 F(age 25])-.165 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 11/Times-Roman@0 SF(INTERNET)72 49 Q 71.587(-DRAFT Expires:)-1.012 F
(January 2008)2.75 E(July 2007)123.726 E(BS_Rand_Ov)72 85 Q
(erride is calculated using the follo)-.165 E
(wing pseudocode, in which all v)-.275 E(alues are in units)-.275 E
(of seconds.)72 98 Q(The v)5.5 E(alues of BS_Rand_Ov)-.275 E
(erride generated by this pseudocode are between 5 and)-.165 E
(23 seconds, with smaller v)72 111 Q
(alues generated if the C-BSR has a high bootstrap weight, and lar)-.275
E(ger)-.198 E -.275(va)72 124 S(lues generated if the C-BSR has a lo)
.275 E 2.75(wb)-.275 G(ootstrap weight.)-2.75 E/F1 11/Courier@0 SF
(BS_Rand_Override = 5 + priorityDelay + addrDelay)108 143 Q F0(where)72
162 Q F1(priorityDelay)2.75 E F0(is gi)2.75 E -.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75(nb)
.165 G(y:)-2.75 E F1
(priorityDelay = 2 * log_2\(1 + bestPriority - myPriority\))108 181 Q F0
(and)72 200 Q F1(addrDelay)2.75 E F0(is gi)2.75 E -.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75
(nb).165 G 2.75(yt)-2.75 G(he follo)-2.75 E(wing for IPv4:)-.275 E F1
(if \(bestPriority == myPriority\) {)108 219 Q
(addrDelay = log_2\(1 + bestAddr - myAddr\) / 16)134.4 232 Q 6.6(}e)108
245 S(lse {)-6.6 E(addrDelay = 2 - \(myAddr / 2^31\))134.4 258 Q(})108
271 Q F0(and)72 290 Q F1(addrDelay)2.75 E F0(is gi)2.75 E -.165(ve)-.275
G 2.75(nb).165 G 2.75(yt)-2.75 G(he follo)-2.75 E(wing for IPv6:)-.275 E
F1(if \(bestPriority == myPriority\) {)108 309 Q
(addrDelay = log_2\(1 + bestAddr - myAddr\) / 64)134.4 322 Q 6.6(}e)108
335 S(lse {)-6.6 E(addrDelay = 2 - \(myAddr / 2^127\))134.4 348 Q(})108
361 Q F0(and)72 380 Q F1(bestPriority)2.75 E F0(is gi)2.75 E -.165(ve)
-.275 G 2.75(nb).165 G(y:)-2.75 E F1
(bestPriority = max\(storedPriority, myPriority\))108 399 Q F0(and)72
418 Q F1(bestAddr)2.75 E F0(is gi)2.75 E -.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75(nb).165 G
(y:)-2.75 E F1(bestAddr = max\(storedAddr, myAddr\))108 437 Q F0
(and where)72 456 Q F1(myAddr)2.75 E F0(is the Candidate-BSR')2.75 E
2.75(sa)-.605 G(ddress,)-2.75 E F1(storedAddr)2.75 E F0
(is the stored BSR')2.75 E 2.75(sa)-.605 G(ddress,)-2.75 E F1
(myPriority)72 469 Q F0(is the Candidate-BSR')2.75 E 2.75(sc)-.605 G
(on\214gured priority)-2.75 E 2.75(,a)-.715 G(nd)-2.75 E F1
(storedPriority)2.75 E F0(is the stored)2.75 E(BSR')72 482 Q 2.75(sp)
-.605 G(riority)-2.75 E(.)-.715 E/F2 11/Times-Bold@0 SF -.198(Ti)72 508
S(mer Name: Scope Zone Expiry T).198 E(imer \(SZT\(Z\)\))-.198 E .44 LW
503.998 518.75 72 518.75 DL -1.012(Va)92.491 529 S(lue Name)1.012 E
-1.012(Va)63.222 G 134.282(lue Explanation)1.012 F 503.998 533.75 72
533.75 DL 503.998 535.75 72 535.75 DL(SZ_T)92.491 546 Q 58.723
(imeout Default:)-.198 F(1300 seconds)2.75 E(Inter)375.96 546 Q -.11(va)
-.11 G 2.75(la).11 G(fter which a)-2.75 E(scope zone is timed out)375.96
559 Q(if no BSM is r)375.96 572 Q(ecei)-.198 E -.11(ve)-.11 G(d).11 E
-.275(fo)375.96 585 S 2.75(rt).275 G(hat scope zone)-2.75 E 503.998
589.75 72 589.75 DL 345.223 518.75 345.223 589.75 DL 181.703 518.75
181.703 589.75 DL 503.998 518.75 503.998 589.75 DL 72 518.75 72 589.75
DL F0(Note that SZ_T)72 607.6 Q(imeout MUST be lar)-.385 E
(ger than BS_T)-.198 E(imeout, e)-.385 E -.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75(ni).165 G
2.75(ft)-2.75 G(heir v)-2.75 E(alues are changed from)-.275 E(the def)72
620.6 Q 2.75(aults. W)-.11 F 2.75(er)-.88 G(ecommend that SZ_T)-2.75 E
(imeout is set to 10 times BS_T)-.385 E(imeout.)-.385 E F2 -.198(Ti)72
646.6 S(mer Name: Gr).198 E(oup-to-C-RP mapping Expiry T)-.198 E
(imer \(CGET\(M,Z\)\))-.198 E 503.999 657.35 72 657.35 DL -1.012(Va)
90.903 667.6 S(lue Name)1.012 E -1.012(Va)114.063 G 91.722
(lue Explanation)1.012 F 503.999 672.35 72 672.35 DL 503.999 674.35 72
674.35 DL(C-RP Mapping T)90.903 684.6 Q 53.959(imeout fr)-.198 F
(om message)-.198 E(Holdtime fr)382.653 684.6 Q(om C-RP-)-.198 E
(Adv message)382.653 697.6 Q 503.999 702.35 72 702.35 DL 354.298 657.35
354.298 702.35 DL 233.338 657.35 233.338 702.35 DL 503.999 657.35
503.999 702.35 DL 72 657.35 72 702.35 DL F0(Bhaskar/Gall/Ling)72 769 Q
(ard/V)-.055 E 207.369(enaas Section)-1.221 F 2.75(5. [P)2.75 F(age 26])
-.165 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 11/Times-Roman@0 SF(INTERNET)72 49 Q 71.587(-DRAFT Expires:)-1.012 F
(January 2008)2.75 E(July 2007)123.726 E/F1 11/Times-Bold@0 SF -.198(Ti)
72 85 S(mer Name: Gr).198 E(oup-to-RP mapping Expiry T)-.198 E
(imer \(GET\(M,Z\)\))-.198 E .44 LW 503.996 95.75 72 95.75 DL -1.012(Va)
93.115 106 S(lue Name)1.012 E -1.012(Va)109.094 G 98.358
(lue Explanation)1.012 F 503.996 110.75 72 110.75 DL 503.996 112.75 72
112.75 DL(RP Mapping T)93.115 123 Q 60.595(imeout fr)-.198 F(om message)
-.198 E(Holdtime fr)63.345 E(om BSM)-.198 E 503.996 127.75 72 127.75 DL
354.859 95.75 354.859 127.75 DL 227.263 95.75 227.263 127.75 DL 503.996
95.75 503.996 127.75 DL 72 95.75 72 127.75 DL -.198(Ti)72 155 S
(mer Name: C-RP Adv).198 E(ertisement T)-.11 E(imer \(CRPT\))-.198 E
503.994 165.75 72 165.75 DL -1.012(Va)89.064 176 S(lue Name)1.012 E
-1.012(Va)89.626 G 116.664(lue Explanation)1.012 F 503.994 180.75 72
180.75 DL 503.994 182.75 72 182.75 DL(C_RP_Adv_P)89.064 193 Q 53.997
(eriod Default:)-.22 F(60 seconds)2.75 E -.22(Pe)381.319 193 S
(riodic inter).22 E -.11(va)-.11 G 2.75(lw).11 G(ith)-2.75 E
(which C-RP-Adv)381.319 206 Q(messages ar)381.319 219 Q 2.75(es)-.198 G
(ent to a)-2.75 E(BSR)381.319 232 Q 503.994 236.75 72 236.75 DL
(C_RP_Adv_Back)89.064 247 Q 48.442(off Default:)-.165 F(0-3 seconds)2.75
E(Whene)381.319 247 Q -.11(ve)-.165 G 2.75(rat).11 G(rigger)-2.75 E(ed)
-.198 E(C_RP_Adv is sent, a)381.319 260 Q(new randomized v)381.319 273 Q
(alue)-.11 E(between 0 and 3s is)381.319 286 Q(used)381.319 299 Q
503.994 303.75 72 303.75 DL 355.723 165.75 355.723 303.75 DL 209.821
165.75 209.821 303.75 DL 503.994 165.75 503.994 303.75 DL 72 165.75 72
303.75 DL(6.)72 344 Q/F2 14/Times-Bold@0 SF(Security Considerations)5.5
E F1(6.1.)72 370 Q/F3 13/Times-Bold@0 SF -.26(Po)5.5 G(ssible Thr).26 E
(eats)-.234 E F0(Threats af)72 386.6 Q
(fecting the PIM BSR mechanism are primarily of tw)-.275 E 2.75(of)-.11
G(orms: denial of service attacks,)-2.75 E(and traf)72 399.6 Q(\214c di)
-.275 E -.165(ve)-.275 G(rsion attacks.).165 E(An attack)5.5 E
(er that sub)-.11 E -.165(ve)-.165 G(rts the BSR mechanism can pre).165
E -.165(ve)-.275 G(nt multicast).165 E(traf)72 412.6 Q
(\214c from reaching the intended recipients, can di)-.275 E -.165(ve)
-.275 G(rt multicast traf).165 E(\214c to a place where the)-.275 E 2.75
(yc)-.165 G(an)-2.75 E
(monitor it, and can potentially \215ood third parties with traf)72
425.6 Q(\214c.)-.275 E -.385(Tr)72 442.2 S(af).385 E(\214c can be pre)
-.275 E -.165(ve)-.275 G
(nted from reaching the intended recipients by one of tw).165 E 2.75(om)
-.11 G(echanisms:)-2.75 E 21.15<8353>72 458.8 S(ub)-21.15 E -.165(ve)
-.165 G(rting a BSM, and specifying RPs that w).165 E(on')-.11 E 2.75
(ta)-.198 G(ctually forw)-2.75 E(ard traf)-.11 E(\214c.)-.275 E 21.15
<8352>72 475.4 S -.165(eg)-21.15 G(istering with the BSR as a C-RP).165
E 2.75(,a)-1.221 G(nd then not forw)-2.75 E(arding traf)-.11 E(\214c.)
-.275 E -.385(Tr)72 492 S(af).385 E(\214c can be di)-.275 E -.165(ve)
-.275 G(rted to a place where it can be monitored by both of the abo)
.165 E .33 -.165(ve m)-.165 H(echanisms; in).165 E(this case the RPs w)
72 505 Q(ould forw)-.11 E(ard the traf)-.11 E(\214c, b)-.275 E
(ut are located so as to aid monitoring or man-in-the-)-.22 E
(middle attacks on the multicast traf)72 518 Q(\214c.)-.275 E 2.75(At)72
534.6 S(hird party can be \215ooded by either of the abo)-2.75 E .33
-.165(ve t)-.165 H .22 -.11(wo m).165 H
(echanisms by specifying the third party).11 E(as the RP)72 547.6 Q 2.75
(,a)-1.221 G(nd re)-2.75 E(gister)-.165 E(-encapsulated traf)-.22 E
(\214c will then be forw)-.275 E(arded to them.)-.11 E F1(6.2.)72 573.6
Q F3(Limiting Third-P)5.5 E(arty DoS Attacks)-.13 E F0
(The third party DoS attack abo)72 590.2 Q .33 -.165(ve c)-.165 H
(an be greatly reduced if PIM routers acting as DR do not).165 E
(continue to forw)72 603.2 Q(ard Re)-.11 E(gister traf)-.165 E
(\214c to the RP in the presence of ICMP Protocol Unreachable or)-.275 E
(ICMP Host Unreachable responses.)72 616.2 Q(If a PIM router sending Re)
5.5 E(gister pack)-.165 E(ets to an RP recei)-.11 E -.165(ve)-.275 G(s)
.165 E(one of these responses to a data pack)72 629.2 Q
(et it has sent, it should rate-limit the transmission of future)-.11 E
(Re)72 642.2 Q(gister pack)-.165 E
(ets to that RP for a short period of time.)-.11 E(As this does not af)
72 658.8 Q(fect interoperability)-.275 E 2.75(,t)-.715 G
(he precise details are left to the implementer to decide.)-2.75 E(Ho)72
671.8 Q(we)-.275 E -.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75(rw).165 G 2.75(en)-2.75 G(ote \
that a router implementing such rate limiting must only do so if the IC\
MP)-2.75 E(pack)72 684.8 Q(et correctly echoes part of a Re)-.11 E
(gister pack)-.165 E(et that w)-.11 E(as sent to the RP)-.11 E 5.5(.I)
-1.221 G 2.75(ft)-5.5 G(his check were not)-2.75 E
(made, then simply sending ICMP Unreachable pack)72 697.8 Q
(ets to the DR with the source address of the)-.11 E(RP spoofed w)72
710.8 Q(ould be suf)-.11 E
(\214cient to cause a denial-of-service attack on the multicast traf)
-.275 E<8c63>-.275 E(originating from that DR.)72 723.8 Q
(Bhaskar/Gall/Ling)72 769 Q(ard/V)-.055 E 199.119(enaas Section)-1.221 F
2.75(6.2. [P)2.75 F(age 27])-.165 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 11/Times-Roman@0 SF(INTERNET)72 49 Q 71.587(-DRAFT Expires:)-1.012 F
(January 2008)2.75 E(July 2007)123.726 E/F1 11/Times-Bold@0 SF(6.3.)72
85 Q/F2 13/Times-Bold@0 SF(Bootstrap Message Security)5.5 E F0(If a le)
72 101.6 Q(gitimate PIM router is compromised, there is little an)-.165
E 2.75(ys)-.165 G(ecurity mechanism can do to)-2.75 E(pre)72 114.6 Q
-.165(ve)-.275 G(nt that router sub).165 E -.165(ve)-.165 G
(rting PIM traf).165 E(\214c in that domain.)-.275 E(Ho)5.5 E(we)-.275 E
-.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75(rw).165 G 2.75(er)-2.75 G(ecommend that)-2.75 E
(implementers pro)72 127.6 Q
(vide a mechanism whereby a PIM router using the BSR mechanisms can be)
-.165 E(con\214gured with the IP addresses of v)72 140.6 Q
(alid BSR routers, and that an)-.275 E 2.75(yB)-.165 G
(ootstrap message with a)-2.75 E(non-v)72 153.6 Q
(alid BSR address should be dropped and logged as a security issue.)
-.275 E(Due to the RPF check)5.5 E
(of the BSR address, it will not be tri)72 166.6 Q
(vial to inject messages with a spoofed BSR address. W)-.275 E(e)-.88 E
(recommend not to enable this mechanism by def)72 179.6 Q
(ault, as it mak)-.11 E(es the initial con\214guration of a)-.11 E(PIM \
domain problematic - it is the sort of feature that the administrator m\
ight enable once the)72 192.6 Q
(con\214guration of a domain has stabilized.)72 205.6 Q(The primary sec\
urity requirement for BSR \(as for PIM\) is that it is possible to pre)
72 222.2 Q -.165(ve)-.275 G(nt hosts that).165 E(are not le)72 235.2 Q
(gitimate PIM routers, either within or outside the domain, from sub)
-.165 E -.165(ve)-.165 G(rting the BSR).165 E(mechanism.)72 248.2 Q
(The Bootstrap Message Processing Checks pre)72 264.8 Q -.165(ve)-.275 G
(nt a router from accepting a Bootstrap message).165 E(from outside of \
the PIM Domain, as the source address on Bootstrap messages must be an)
72 277.8 Q(immediate PIM neighbor)72 290.8 Q 5.5(.T)-.605 G(here is ho)
-5.5 E(we)-.275 E -.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75(ras).165 G(mall windo)-2.75 E
2.75(wo)-.275 G 2.75(ft)-2.75 G(ime after a reboot where a PIM)-2.75 E(\
router will accept a bad Bootstrap message unicast from an immediate ne\
ighbor)72 303.8 Q 2.75(,a)-.44 G(nd it might be)-2.75 E
(possible to unicast a Bootstrap message to a router during this interv)
72 316.8 Q(al from outside the domain,)-.275 E
(using the spoofed source address of a neighbor)72 329.8 Q 5.5(.T)-.605
G(his can be pre)-5.5 E -.165(ve)-.275 G(nted if PMBRs perform source-)
.165 E(address \214ltering to pre)72 342.8 Q -.165(ve)-.275 G(nt pack)
.165 E(ets entering the PIM domain with IP source addresses that are)
-.11 E(infrastructure addresses in the PIM domain.)72 355.8 Q
(It might also be a good idea to con\214gure the PMBRs)5.5 E
(to not accept an)72 368.8 Q 2.75(yB)-.165 G
(ootstrap messages from outside the domain.)-2.75 E
(One might con\214gure the PMBRs)5.5 E
(to drop all unicast PIM messages \(Bootstrap message, Candidate RP Adv)
72 381.8 Q(ertisement, PIM re)-.165 E(gister)-.165 E(and PIM re)72 394.8
Q(gister stop\).)-.165 E(The principal threat to Bootstrap message secu\
rity comes from hosts within the PIM domain that)72 411.4 Q
(attempt to sub)72 424.4 Q -.165(ve)-.165 G(rt the BSR mechanism.).165 E
(The)5.5 E 2.75(ym)-.165 G
(ay be able to do this by sending PIM messages to)-2.75 E
(their local router)72 437.4 Q 2.75(,o)-.44 G 2.75(rb)-2.75 G 2.75(yu)
-2.75 G
(nicasting a Bootstrap message to another PIM router during the brief)
-2.75 E(interv)72 450.4 Q(al after it has restarted.)-.275 E
(The use of unicast BSMs is for backw)72 467 Q(ards compatibility only)
-.11 E 5.5(.D)-.715 G(ue to the possible security)-5.5 E
(implications, implementations supporting unicast BSMs should pro)72 480
Q(vide a con\214guration option for)-.165 E(whether the)72 493 Q 2.75
(ya)-.165 G(re to be used.)-2.75 E F1 2.75(6.3.1. Rejecting)72 519 R
(Bootstrap Messages fr)2.75 E(om In)-.198 E -.11(va)-.44 G
(lid Neighbors).11 E F0(Most hosts that are lik)72 535.6 Q
(ely to attempt to sub)-.11 E -.165(ve)-.165 G(rt PIM BSR are lik).165 E
(ely to be located on leaf subnets.)-.11 E 1.76 -.88(We r)72 548.6 T
(ecommend that implementers pro).88 E
(vide a con\214guration option that speci\214es an interf)-.165 E
(ace is a)-.11 E(leaf subnet, and that no PIM pack)72 561.6 Q
(ets are accepted on such interf)-.11 E(aces.)-.11 E(On multi-access su\
bnets with multiple PIM routers and hosts that are not trusted, we reco\
mmend)72 578.2 Q(that IPsec AH is used to protect communication between\
 PIM routers, and that such routers are)72 591.2 Q
(con\214gured to drop and log communication attempts from an)72 604.2 Q
2.75(yh)-.165 G(ost that do not pass the)-2.75 E(authentication check.)
72 617.2 Q(When all the PIM routers are under the same administrati)5.5
E .33 -.165(ve c)-.275 H(ontrol, this).165 E
(authentication may use a con\214gured shared secret.)72 630.2 Q
(In order to pre)5.5 E -.165(ve)-.275 G(nt replay attacks one will).165
E(need to ha)72 643.2 Q .33 -.165(ve o)-.22 H
(ne SA per sender using the sender address for SA lookup.).165 E
(The securing of)5.5 E(interactions between PIM neighbors is discussed \
in more detail in the Security Considerations)72 656.2 Q
(section of [1], and so we do not discuss the details further here.)72
669.2 Q(The same security mechanisms)5.5 E(that can be used to secure P\
IM Join, Prune and Assert messages should also be used to secure)72
682.2 Q(Bootstrap messages.)72 695.2 Q(Ho)5.5 E 2.75(we)-.275 G
(xactly to secure PIM link-local messages is still being w)-2.915 E(ork)
-.11 E(ed on by)-.11 E(the PIM w)72 708.2 Q(orking group, see [10].)-.11
E(Bhaskar/Gall/Ling)72 769 Q(ard/V)-.055 E 190.869(enaas Section)-1.221
F 2.75(6.3.1. [P)2.75 F(age 28])-.165 E 0 Cg EP
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(January 2008)2.75 E(July 2007)123.726 E/F1 11/Times-Bold@0 SF(6.4.)72
85 Q/F2 13/Times-Bold@0 SF(Candidate-RP-Adv)5.5 E
(ertisement Message Security)-.13 E F0(Ev)72 101.6 Q
(en if it is not possible to sub)-.165 E -.165(ve)-.165 G
(rt Bootstrap messages, an attack).165 E(er might be able to perform)
-.11 E(most of the same attacks by simply sending C-RP-Adv messages to \
the BSR specifying the)72 114.6 Q(attack)72 127.6 Q(er')-.11 E 2.75(sc)
-.605 G(hoice of RPs.)-2.75 E
(Thus it is necessary to control the sending of C-RP-Adv messages in)5.5
E(essentially the same w)72 140.6 Q
(ays that we control Bootstrap messages.)-.11 E(Ho)5.5 E(we)-.275 E
-.165(ve)-.275 G .88 -.44(r, C).165 H(-RP-Adv messages).44 E
(are unicast and normally tra)72 153.6 Q -.165(ve)-.22 G 2.75(lm).165 G
(ultiple hops, so controlling them is more dif)-2.75 E(\214cult.)-.275 E
F1 2.75(6.4.1. Non-Cryptographic)72 179.6 R
(Security of C-RP-Adv Messages)2.75 E F0 1.76 -.88(We r)72 196.2 T
(ecommend that PMBRs are con\214gured to drop C-RP-Adv messages.).88 E
(One might con\214gure)5.5 E(the PMBRs to drop all unicast PIM messages\
 \(Bootstrap message, Candidate RP Adv)72 209.2 Q(ertisement,)-.165 E
(PIM re)72 222.2 Q(gister and PIM re)-.165 E(gister stop\).)-.165 E
(PMBRs may also perform source-address \214ltering to)5.5 E(pre)72 235.2
Q -.165(ve)-.275 G(nt pack).165 E(ets entering the PIM domain with IP s\
ource addresses that are infrastructure)-.11 E
(addresses in the PIM domain.)72 248.2 Q 1.76 -.88(We a)5.5 H
(lso recommend that implementations ha).88 E .33 -.165(ve a w)-.22 H
(ay of restricting).055 E
(which IP addresses the BSR accepts C-RP-Adv messages from.)72 261.2 Q
(The BSR can then be con\214gured)5.5 E(to only accept C-RP-Adv message\
s from infrastructure addresses or the subset used for candidate)72
274.2 Q(RPs.)72 287.2 Q(If the unicast and multicast topologies are kno)
72 303.8 Q(wn to be congruent, the follo)-.275 E(wing checks should be)
-.275 E 2.75(made. On)72 316.8 R(interf)2.75 E(aces that are con\214gur\
ed to be leaf subnets, all C-RP-Adv messages should be)-.11 E 2.75
(dropped. On)72 329.8 R(multi-access subnets with multiple PIM routers \
and hosts that are not trusted, the)2.75 E
(router can at least check that the source MA)72 342.8 Q 2.75(Ca)-.44 G
(ddress is that of a v)-2.75 E(alid PIM neighbor)-.275 E(.)-.605 E F1
2.75(6.4.2. Cryptographic)72 368.8 R(Security of C-RP-Adv Messages)2.75
E F0 -.165(Fo)72 385.4 S 2.75(rt).165 G(rue security)-2.75 E 2.75(,w)
-.715 G 2.75(er)-2.75 G
(ecommend that all C-RPs are con\214gured to use IPsec authentication.)
-2.75 E(The)5.5 E(authentication process for a C-RP-Adv message between\
 a C-RP and the BSR is identical to the)72 398.4 Q
(authentication process for PIM Re)72 411.4 Q
(gister messages between a DR and the rele)-.165 E -.275(va)-.275 G
(nt RP).275 E 2.75(,e)-1.221 G(xcept that)-2.915 E
(there will normally be fe)72 424.4 Q
(wer C-RPs in a domain than there are DRs, so k)-.275 E .33 -.165(ey m)
-.11 H(anagement is a little).165 E(simpler)72 437.4 Q 5.5(.W)-.605 G
2.75(ed)-6.38 G 2.75(on)-2.75 G
(ot describe the details of this process further here, b)-2.75 E
(ut refer to the Security)-.22 E(Considerations section of [1].)72 450.4
Q(Note that the use of cryptographic security for C-RP-Adv)5.5 E
(messages does not remo)72 463.4 Q .33 -.165(ve t)-.165 H
(he need for the non-cryptographic mechanisms, as e).165 E(xplained abo)
-.165 E -.165(ve)-.165 G(.).165 E F1(6.5.)72 489.4 Q F2(Denial of Ser)
5.5 E(vice using IPsec)-.13 E F0(An additional concern is that of Denia\
l-of-Service attacks caused by sending high v)72 506 Q(olumes of)-.22 E
(Bootstrap messages or C-RP-Adv messages with in)72 519 Q -.275(va)-.44
G(lid IPsec authentication information.).275 E(It is)5.5 E
(possible that these messages could o)72 532 Q -.165(ve)-.165 G
(rwhelm the CPU resources of the recipient.).165 E
(The non-cryptographic security mechanisms abo)72 548.6 Q .33 -.165
(ve r)-.165 H(estrict from where unicast Bootstrap).165 E
(messages and C-RP-Adv messages are accepted.)72 561.6 Q
(In addition, we recommend that rate-limiting)5.5 E(mechanisms can be c\
on\214gured, to be applied on receipt of unicast PIM pack)72 574.6 Q
2.75(ets. The)-.11 F(rate-limiter)2.75 E
(MUST independently rate-limit dif)72 587.6 Q(ferent types of PIM pack)
-.275 E(ets - for e)-.11 E(xample a \215ood of C-RP-)-.165 E
(Adv messages MUST NO)72 600.6 Q 2.75(Tc)-.44 G
(ause a rate limiter to drop lo)-2.75 E(w-rate Bootstrap messages.)-.275
E(Such a rate-)5.5 E(limiter might itself be used to cause a denial of \
service attack by causing v)72 613.6 Q(alid pack)-.275 E(ets to be)-.11
E(dropped, b)72 626.6 Q(ut in practice this is more lik)-.22 E
(ely to constrain bad PIM messages.)-.11 E(The rate limiter will)5.5 E
(pre)72 639.6 Q -.165(ve)-.275 G(nt attacks on PIM from af).165 E
(fecting other acti)-.275 E(vity on the recei)-.275 E(ving router)-.275
E 2.75(,s)-.44 G(uch as unicast)-2.75 E(routing.)72 652.6 Q F1(7.)72
678.6 Q/F3 14/Times-Bold@0 SF(Contrib)5.5 E(utors)-.28 E F0(Bill Fenner)
72 695.2 Q 2.75(,M)-.44 G(ark Handle)-2.75 E 1.43 -.715(y, R)-.165 H
(oger K).715 E(ermode and Da)-.275 E(vid Thaler ha)-.22 E .33 -.165
(ve c)-.22 H(ontrib).165 E(uted greatly to this)-.22 E 2.75(draft. The)
72 708.2 R 2.75(yw)-.165 G(ere authors of this draft up to v)-2.75 E
(ersion 03, and much of the current te)-.165 E(xt comes from)-.165 E
-.165(ve)72 721.2 S(rsion 03.).165 E(Bhaskar/Gall/Ling)72 769 Q(ard/V)
-.055 E 207.369(enaas Section)-1.221 F 2.75(7. [P)2.75 F(age 29])-.165 E
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(January 2008)2.75 E(July 2007)123.726 E/F1 11/Times-Bold@0 SF(8.)72 85
Q/F2 14/Times-Bold@0 SF(Ackno)5.5 E(wledgments)-.14 E F0(PIM-SM w)72
101.6 Q(as designed o)-.11 E -.165(ve)-.165 G 2.75(rm).165 G(an)-2.75 E
2.75(yy)-.165 G(ears by a lar)-2.75 E
(ge group of people, including ideas from Deborah)-.198 E
(Estrin, Dino F)72 114.6 Q(arinacci, Ahmed Helmy)-.165 E 2.75(,S)-.715 G
(te)-2.75 E .33 -.165(ve D)-.275 H(eering, V).165 E
(an Jacobson, C. Liu, Puneet Sharma,)-1.221 E(Liming W)72 127.6 Q(ei, T)
-.88 E(om Pusateri, T)-.88 E(on)-.88 E 2.75(yB)-.165 G
(allardie, Scott Brim, Jon Cro)-2.75 E(wcroft, P)-.275 E
(aul Francis, Joel)-.165 E
(Halpern, Horst Hodel, Polly Huang, Stephen Ostro)72 140.6 Q
(wski, Lixia Zhang, Girish Chandranmenon,)-.275 E -.165(Pa)72 153.6 S
(vlin Radosla)-.055 E -2.475 -.22(vo v)-.22 H 2.75(,J)-.495 G
(ohn Zwiebel, Isidor K)-2.75 E(ouv)-.385 E(elas and Hugh Holbrook.)-.165
E(This BSR speci\214cation)5.5 E(dra)72 166.6 Q(ws hea)-.165 E
(vily on te)-.22 E(xt from RFC 2362.)-.165 E(Man)72 183.2 Q 2.75(ym)
-.165 G(embers of the PIM W)-2.75 E(orking Group ha)-.88 E .33 -.165
(ve c)-.22 H(ontrib).165 E(uted comments and corrections for this)-.22 E
(document, including Christopher Thomas Bro)72 196.2 Q
(wn, Ardas Cilingiroglu, Murth)-.275 E 2.75(yE)-.055 G(sak)-2.75 E(onu,)
-.11 E -1.221(Ve)72 209.2 S
(nugopal Hemige, Prashant Jhingran, Rishabh P)1.221 E
(arekh and Katta Sambasi)-.165 E -.275(va)-.275 G(rao.).275 E F1(9.)72
235.2 Q F2(IAN)5.5 E 3.5(AC)-.28 G(onsiderations)-3.5 E F0
(This document has no actions for IAN)72 251.8 Q(A.)-.385 E F1(10.)72
277.8 Q F2(Normati)5.5 E .28 -.14(ve R)-.14 H(efer).14 E(ences)-.252 E
F0([1] W)72 294.4 Q 2.75(.F)-1.012 G(enner)-2.75 E 2.75(,M)-.44 G 2.75
(.H)-2.75 G(andle)-2.75 E 1.43 -.715(y, H)-.165 H 2.75(.H).715 G
(olbrook, I. K)-2.75 E(ouv)-.385 E
(elas, "Protocol Independent Multicast - Sparse)-.165 E
(Mode \(PIM-SM\): Protocol Speci\214cation \(Re)97 307.4 Q
(vised\)", RFC 4601, August 2006.)-.275 E([2] M. Handle)72 324 Q 1.43
-.715(y, I)-.165 H 2.75(.K).715 G(ouv)-3.135 E(elas, T)-.165 E 2.75(.S)
-.814 G(peakman, L. V)-2.75 E
(icisano, "Bi-directional Protocol Independent)-.66 E
(Multicast \(BIDIR-PIM\)", Internet Draft draft-ietf-pim-bidir)97 337 Q
(-08.txt)-.22 E([3] D. Me)72 353.6 Q(yer)-.165 E 2.75(,")-.44 G
(Administrati)-2.75 E -.165(ve)-.275 G
(ly Scoped IP Multicast", RFC 2365, July 1998.).165 E
([4] S. Deering, B. Haberman, T)72 370.2 Q 2.75(.J)-.814 G
(inmei, E. Nordmark, B. Zill, "IPv6 Scoped Address)-2.75 E
(Architecture", RFC 4007, March 2005.)97 383.2 Q
([5] R. Hinden, S. Deering, "IP V)72 399.8 Q
(ersion 6 Addressing Architecture", RFC 4291, February 2006.)-1.221 E
([6] S. Bradner)72 416.4 Q 2.75(,")-.44 G -2.365 -.275(Ke y)-2.75 H -.11
(wo)3.025 G(rds for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Le).11 E -.165
(ve)-.275 G(ls", BCP 14, RFC 2119,).165 E(March 1997.)97 429.4 Q F1(11.)
72 455.4 Q F2(Inf)5.5 E(ormati)-.35 E .28 -.14(ve R)-.14 H(efer).14 E
(ences)-.252 E F0([7] D. Estrin et al., "Protocol Independent Multicast\
 - Sparse Mode \(PIM-SM\): Protocol)72 472 Q
(Speci\214cation", RFC 2362, June 1998 \(no)97 485 Q 2.75(wo)-.275 G
(bsolete\).)-2.75 E([8] D. Kim, D. Me)72 501.6 Q(yer)-.165 E 2.75(,H)
-.44 G 2.75(.K)-2.75 G(ilmer)-2.75 E 2.75(,D)-.44 G 2.75(.F)-2.75 G
(arinacci, "An)-2.915 E(ycast Rende)-.165 E -.22(vo)-.275 G
(us Point \(RP\) mechanism using).22 E
(Protocol Independent Multicast \(PIM\) and Multicast Source Disco)97
514.6 Q -.165(ve)-.165 G(ry Protocol \(MSDP\)",).165 E
(RFC 3446, January 2003.)97 527.6 Q([9] D. F)72 544.2 Q(arinacci, Y)
-.165 E 2.75(.C)-1.419 G(ai, "An)-2.75 E
(ycast-RP Using Protocol Independent Multicast \(PIM\)", RFC 4610,)-.165
E(August 2006)97 557.2 Q([10] W)72 573.8 Q 2.75(.A)-1.012 G(tw)-2.75 E(\
ood, S. Islam, "Security Issues in PIM-SM Link-local Messages", Interne\
t Draft)-.11 E(draft-ietf-pim-sm-linklocal-00, W)97 586.8 Q
(ork in Progress, October 2006.)-.88 E([11] IAN)72 603.4 Q
(A, "Address F)-.385 E(amily Numbers", link)-.165 E(ed from http://www)
-.11 E(.iana.or)-.715 E(g/numbers.html)-.198 E F1 -.55(Au)72 629.4 S
(thors' Addr).55 E(esses)-.198 E F0(Bhaskar/Gall/Ling)72 769 Q(ard/V)
-.055 E 201.869(enaas Section)-1.221 F 2.75(11. [P)2.75 F(age 30])-.165
E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 11/Times-Roman@0 SF(INTERNET)72 49 Q 71.587(-DRAFT Expires:)-1.012 F
(January 2008)2.75 E(July 2007)123.726 E(Nidhi Bhaskar)108 85 Q
(Arastra, Inc.)108 98 Q -1.221(P.)108 111 S(O. Box 10905)1.221 E -.165
(Pa)108 124 S(lo Alto, CA 94303).165 E(USA)108 137 Q(nidhi@arastra.com)
108 150 Q(Ale)108 175 Q(xander Gall)-.165 E(SWITCH)108 188 Q
(Limmatquai 138)108 201 Q -1.221(P.)108 214 S(O. Box)1.221 E
(CH-8021 Zurich)108 227 Q(Switzerland)108 240 Q -.055(ga)108 253 S
(ll@switch.ch).055 E(James Ling)108 278 Q(ard)-.055 E(Arastra, Inc.)108
291 Q -1.221(P.)108 304 S(O. Box 10905)1.221 E -.165(Pa)108 317 S
(lo Alto, CA 94303).165 E(USA)108 330 Q(jchl@arastra.com)108 343 Q
(Stig V)108 368 Q(enaas)-1.221 E(UNINETT)108 381 Q(NO-7465 T)108 394 Q
(rondheim)-.385 E(Norw)108 407 Q(ay)-.11 E -.165(ve)108 420 S
(naas@uninett.no).165 E/F1 11/Times-Bold@0 SF(Copyright Statement)72 452
Q F0(Cop)72 468.6 Q(yright \(C\) The IETF T)-.11 E(rust \(2007\).)-.385
E(This document is subject to the rights, licenses and restrictions con\
tained in BCP 78, and e)72 485.2 Q(xcept)-.165 E
(as set forth therein, the authors retain all their rights.)72 498.2 Q
(This document and the information contained herein are pro)72 514.8 Q
(vided on an "AS IS" basis and THE)-.165 E(CONTRIB)72 527.8 Q(UT)-.11 E
(OR, THE ORGANIZA)-.198 E(TION HE/SHE REPRESENTS OR IS SPONSORED BY)
-1.221 E(\(IF ANY\), THE INTERNET SOCIETY)72 540.8 Q 2.75(,T)-1.419 G
(HE IETF TR)-2.75 E(UST AND THE INTERNET)-.44 E(ENGINEERING T)72 553.8 Q
(ASK FORCE DISCLAIM ALL W)-1.023 E(ARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED,)-1.32
E(INCLUDING B)72 566.8 Q(UT NO)-.11 E 2.75(TL)-.44 G(IMITED T)-2.75 E
2.75(OA)-.198 G(NY W)-2.75 E(ARRANTY THA)-1.32 E 2.75(TT)-1.221 G
(HE USE OF THE)-2.75 E(INFORMA)72 579.8 Q(TION HEREIN WILL NO)-1.221 E
2.75(TI)-.44 G(NFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED)-2.75 E -1.32(WA)72
592.8 S(RRANTIES OF MERCHANT)1.32 E(ABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A P)-1.023 E
(AR)-1.012 E(TICULAR PURPOSE.)-.66 E F1(Intellectual Pr)72 618.8 Q
(operty)-.198 E F0(The IETF tak)72 635.4 Q(es no position re)-.11 E
-.055(ga)-.165 G(rding the v).055 E(alidity or scope of an)-.275 E 2.75
(yI)-.165 G(ntellectual Property Rights or)-2.75 E(other rights that mi\
ght be claimed to pertain to the implementation or use of the technolog\
y)72 648.4 Q(described in this document or the e)72 661.4 Q
(xtent to which an)-.165 E 2.75(yl)-.165 G
(icense under such rights might or might)-2.75 E(not be a)72 674.4 Q
-.275(va)-.22 G(ilable; nor does it represent that it has made an).275 E
2.75(yi)-.165 G(ndependent ef)-2.75 E(fort to identify an)-.275 E 2.75
(ys)-.165 G(uch)-2.75 E 2.75(rights. Information)72 687.4 R(on the proc\
edures with respect to rights in RFC documents can be found in)2.75 E
(BCP 78 and BCP 79.)72 700.4 Q(Bhaskar/Gall/Ling)72 769 Q(ard/V)-.055 E
201.869(enaas Section)-1.221 F 2.75(11. [P)2.75 F(age 31])-.165 E 0 Cg
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/F0 11/Times-Roman@0 SF(INTERNET)72 49 Q 71.587(-DRAFT Expires:)-1.012 F
(January 2008)2.75 E(July 2007)123.726 E
(Copies of IPR disclosures made to the IETF Secretariat and an)72 85 Q
2.75(ya)-.165 G(ssurances of licenses to be made)-2.75 E -.22(av)72 98 S
(ailable, or the result of an attempt made to obtain a general license \
or permission for the use of)-.055 E(such proprietary rights by impleme\
nters or users of this speci\214cation can be obtained from the)72 111 Q
(IETF on-line IPR repository at http://www)72 124 Q(.ietf.or)-.715 E
(g/ipr)-.198 E(.)-.605 E(The IETF in)72 140.6 Q(vites an)-.44 E 2.75(yi)
-.165 G(nterested party to bring to its attention an)-2.75 E 2.75(yc)
-.165 G(op)-2.75 E(yrights, patents or patent)-.11 E
(applications, or other proprietary rights that may co)72 153.6 Q -.165
(ve)-.165 G 2.75(rt).165 G(echnology that may be required to)-2.75 E
(implement this standard.)72 166.6 Q
(Please address the information to the IETF at ietf-ipr@ietf.or)5.5 E
(g.)-.198 E(Bhaskar/Gall/Ling)72 769 Q(ard/V)-.055 E 201.869
(enaas Section)-1.221 F 2.75(11. [P)2.75 F(age 32])-.165 E 0 Cg EP
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