One document matched: draft-ietf-pim-sm-bsr-10.ps
%!PS-Adobe-3.0
%%Creator: groff version 1.19.2
%%CreationDate: Fri Feb 9 11:28:31 2007
%%DocumentNeededResources: font Courier-Bold
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Times-Roman
%%+ font Courier
%%+ font Times-Italic
%%DocumentSuppliedResources: file non-c-bsr.ps
%%+ file c-bsr.ps
%%+ procset grops 1.19 2
%%Pages: 31
%%PageOrder: Ascend
%%DocumentMedia: Default 612 792 0 () ()
%%Orientation: Portrait
%%EndComments
%%BeginDefaults
%%PageMedia: Default
%%EndDefaults
%%BeginProlog
%%BeginResource: procset grops 1.19 2
%!PS-Adobe-3.0 Resource-ProcSet
/setpacking where{
pop
currentpacking
true setpacking
}if
/grops 120 dict dup begin
/SC 32 def
/A/show load def
/B{0 SC 3 -1 roll widthshow}bind def
/C{0 exch ashow}bind def
/D{0 exch 0 SC 5 2 roll awidthshow}bind def
/E{0 rmoveto show}bind def
/F{0 rmoveto 0 SC 3 -1 roll widthshow}bind def
/G{0 rmoveto 0 exch ashow}bind def
/H{0 rmoveto 0 exch 0 SC 5 2 roll awidthshow}bind def
/I{0 exch rmoveto show}bind def
/J{0 exch rmoveto 0 SC 3 -1 roll widthshow}bind def
/K{0 exch rmoveto 0 exch ashow}bind def
/L{0 exch rmoveto 0 exch 0 SC 5 2 roll awidthshow}bind def
/M{rmoveto show}bind def
/N{rmoveto 0 SC 3 -1 roll widthshow}bind def
/O{rmoveto 0 exch ashow}bind def
/P{rmoveto 0 exch 0 SC 5 2 roll awidthshow}bind def
/Q{moveto show}bind def
/R{moveto 0 SC 3 -1 roll widthshow}bind def
/S{moveto 0 exch ashow}bind def
/T{moveto 0 exch 0 SC 5 2 roll awidthshow}bind def
/SF{
findfont exch
[exch dup 0 exch 0 exch neg 0 0]makefont
dup setfont
[exch/setfont cvx]cvx bind def
}bind def
/MF{
findfont
[5 2 roll
0 3 1 roll
neg 0 0]makefont
dup setfont
[exch/setfont cvx]cvx bind def
}bind def
/level0 0 def
/RES 0 def
/PL 0 def
/LS 0 def
/MANUAL{
statusdict begin/manualfeed true store end
}bind def
/PLG{
gsave newpath clippath pathbbox grestore
exch pop add exch pop
}bind def
/BP{
/level0 save def
1 setlinecap
1 setlinejoin
72 RES div dup scale
LS{
90 rotate
}{
0 PL translate
}ifelse
1 -1 scale
}bind def
/EP{
level0 restore
showpage
}def
/DA{
newpath arcn stroke
}bind def
/SN{
transform
.25 sub exch .25 sub exch
round .25 add exch round .25 add exch
itransform
}bind def
/DL{
SN
moveto
SN
lineto stroke
}bind def
/DC{
newpath 0 360 arc closepath
}bind def
/TM matrix def
/DE{
TM currentmatrix pop
translate scale newpath 0 0 .5 0 360 arc closepath
TM setmatrix
}bind def
/RC/rcurveto load def
/RL/rlineto load def
/ST/stroke load def
/MT/moveto load def
/CL/closepath load def
/Fr{
setrgbcolor fill
}bind def
/setcmykcolor where{
pop
/Fk{
setcmykcolor fill
}bind def
}if
/Fg{
setgray fill
}bind def
/FL/fill load def
/LW/setlinewidth load def
/Cr/setrgbcolor load def
/setcmykcolor where{
pop
/Ck/setcmykcolor load def
}if
/Cg/setgray load def
/RE{
findfont
dup maxlength 1 index/FontName known not{1 add}if dict begin
{
1 index/FID ne{def}{pop pop}ifelse
}forall
/Encoding exch def
dup/FontName exch def
currentdict end definefont pop
}bind def
/DEFS 0 def
/EBEGIN{
moveto
DEFS begin
}bind def
/EEND/end load def
/CNT 0 def
/level1 0 def
/PBEGIN{
/level1 save def
translate
div 3 1 roll div exch scale
neg exch neg exch translate
0 setgray
0 setlinecap
1 setlinewidth
0 setlinejoin
10 setmiterlimit
[]0 setdash
/setstrokeadjust where{
pop
false setstrokeadjust
}if
/setoverprint where{
pop
false setoverprint
}if
newpath
/CNT countdictstack def
userdict begin
/showpage{}def
/setpagedevice{}def
}bind def
/PEND{
countdictstack CNT sub{end}repeat
level1 restore
}bind def
end def
/setpacking where{
pop
setpacking
}if
%%EndResource
%%EndProlog
%%BeginSetup
%%BeginFeature: *PageSize Default
<< /PageSize [ 612 792 ] /ImagingBBox null >> setpagedevice
%%EndFeature
%%IncludeResource: font Courier-Bold
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Bold
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman
%%IncludeResource: font Courier
%%IncludeResource: font Times-Italic
grops begin/DEFS 1 dict def DEFS begin/u{.001 mul}bind def end/RES 72
def/PL 792 def/LS false def/ENC0[/asciicircum/asciitilde/Scaron/Zcaron
/scaron/zcaron/Ydieresis/trademark/quotesingle/Euro/.notdef/.notdef
/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef
/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef
/.notdef/.notdef/space/exclam/quotedbl/numbersign/dollar/percent
/ampersand/quoteright/parenleft/parenright/asterisk/plus/comma/hyphen
/period/slash/zero/one/two/three/four/five/six/seven/eight/nine/colon
/semicolon/less/equal/greater/question/at/A/B/C/D/E/F/G/H/I/J/K/L/M/N/O
/P/Q/R/S/T/U/V/W/X/Y/Z/bracketleft/backslash/bracketright/circumflex
/underscore/quoteleft/a/b/c/d/e/f/g/h/i/j/k/l/m/n/o/p/q/r/s/t/u/v/w/x/y
/z/braceleft/bar/braceright/tilde/.notdef/quotesinglbase/guillemotleft
/guillemotright/bullet/florin/fraction/perthousand/dagger/daggerdbl
/endash/emdash/ff/fi/fl/ffi/ffl/dotlessi/dotlessj/grave/hungarumlaut
/dotaccent/breve/caron/ring/ogonek/quotedblleft/quotedblright/oe/lslash
/quotedblbase/OE/Lslash/.notdef/exclamdown/cent/sterling/currency/yen
/brokenbar/section/dieresis/copyright/ordfeminine/guilsinglleft
/logicalnot/minus/registered/macron/degree/plusminus/twosuperior
/threesuperior/acute/mu/paragraph/periodcentered/cedilla/onesuperior
/ordmasculine/guilsinglright/onequarter/onehalf/threequarters
/questiondown/Agrave/Aacute/Acircumflex/Atilde/Adieresis/Aring/AE
/Ccedilla/Egrave/Eacute/Ecircumflex/Edieresis/Igrave/Iacute/Icircumflex
/Idieresis/Eth/Ntilde/Ograve/Oacute/Ocircumflex/Otilde/Odieresis
/multiply/Oslash/Ugrave/Uacute/Ucircumflex/Udieresis/Yacute/Thorn
/germandbls/agrave/aacute/acircumflex/atilde/adieresis/aring/ae/ccedilla
/egrave/eacute/ecircumflex/edieresis/igrave/iacute/icircumflex/idieresis
/eth/ntilde/ograve/oacute/ocircumflex/otilde/odieresis/divide/oslash
/ugrave/uacute/ucircumflex/udieresis/yacute/thorn/ydieresis]def
/Times-Italic@0 ENC0/Times-Italic RE/Courier@0 ENC0/Courier RE
/Times-Roman@0 ENC0/Times-Roman RE/Times-Bold@0 ENC0/Times-Bold RE
/Courier-Bold@0 ENC0/Courier-Bold RE
%%EndSetup
%%Page: 1 1
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Courier-Bold@0 SF(Internet Engineering Task Force)72 85 Q(PIM WG)
210 E 228(INTERNET-DRAFT Nidhi)72 98 R(Bhaskar/Cisco)6 E 138
(draft-ietf-pim-sm-bsr-10.ps Alexander)72 111 R(Gall/SWITCH)6 E
(James Lingard/Arastra)378 124 Q(Stig Venaas/UNINETT)390 137 Q 6(9F)414
150 S(ebruary 2007)-6 E(Expires: August 2007)384 163 Q/F1 14
/Times-Bold@0 SF(Bootstrap Router \(BSR\) Mechanism f)153.446 188 Q
(or PIM)-.35 E/F2 11/Times-Bold@0 SF(Status of this Document)72 233 Q/F3
11/Times-Roman@0 SF
(By submitting this Internet-Draft, each author represents that an)72
249.6 Q 2.75(ya)-.165 G(pplicable patent or other IPR)-2.75 E
(claims of which he or she is a)72 262.6 Q -.11(wa)-.165 G(re ha).11 E
.33 -.165(ve b)-.22 H(een or will be disclosed, and an).165 E 2.75(yo)
-.165 G 2.75(fw)-2.75 G(hich he or she)-2.75 E(becomes a)72 275.6 Q -.11
(wa)-.165 G
(re will be disclosed, in accordance with Section 6 of BCP 79.).11 E
(Internet-Drafts are w)72 301.6 Q
(orking documents of the Internet Engineering T)-.11 E(ask F)-.88 E
(orce \(IETF\), its areas,)-.165 E(and its w)72 314.6 Q(orking groups.)
-.11 E(Note that other groups may also distrib)5.5 E(ute w)-.22 E
(orking documents as)-.11 E(Internet-Drafts.)72 327.6 Q
(Internet-Drafts are draft documents v)72 353.6 Q
(alid for a maximum of six months and may be updated,)-.275 E
(replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at an)72 366.6 Q 2.75(yt)
-.165 G 2.75(ime. It)-2.75 F(is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts)
2.75 E(as reference material or to cite them other than as "w)72 379.6 Q
(ork in progress.")-.11 E
(The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at http://www)72
405.6 Q(.ietf.or)-.715 E(g/1id-abstracts.html)-.198 E
(The list of Internet-Draft Shado)72 431.6 Q 2.75(wD)-.275 G
(irectories can be accessed at http://www)-2.75 E(.ietf.or)-.715 E
(g/shado)-.198 E -.715(w.)-.275 G(html).715 E
(This document is a product of the IETF PIM WG.)72 457.6 Q
(Comments should be addressed to the authors,)5.5 E(or the WG')72 470.6
Q 2.75(sm)-.605 G(ailing list at pim@ietf.or)-2.75 E(g.)-.198 E F2
(Copyright Notice)72 496.6 Q F3(Cop)72 513.2 Q(yright \(C\) The IETF T)
-.11 E(rust \(2007\).)-.385 E F2(Abstract)267.534 535.8 Q F3(This docum\
ent speci\214es the Bootstrap Router \(BSR\) mechanism for the class of)
97 558.4 Q(multicast routing protocols in the PIM \(Protocol Independen\
t Multicast\) f)97 571.4 Q(amily that)-.11 E
(use the concept of a Rendezv)97 584.4 Q(ous Point as a means for recei)
-.22 E -.165(ve)-.275 G(rs to disco).165 E -.165(ve)-.165 G 2.75(rt).165
G(he sources)-2.75 E(that send to a particular multicast group.)97 597.4
Q(BSR is one w)5.5 E(ay that a multicast router can)-.11 E
(learn the set of group-to-RP mappings required in order to function.)97
610.4 Q(The mechanism)5.5 E(is dynamic, lar)97 623.4 Q
(gely self-con\214guring, and rob)-.198 E(ust to router f)-.22 E
(ailure.)-.11 E(Bhaskar/Gall/Ling)72 769 Q(ard/V)-.055 E 262.369
(enaas [P)-1.221 F(age 1])-.165 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 2 2
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 11/Times-Roman@0 SF(INTERNET)72 49 Q 72.802(-DRAFT Expires:)-1.012 F
(August 2007)2.75 E(February 2007)103.569 E/F1 13/Times-Bold@0 SF -1.196
(Ta)239.126 98 S(ble of Contents)1.196 E/F2 10/Times-Roman@0 SF
(1. Introduction)97 136 Q F0 11(......................)3.56 G F2(3)11.5
E(1.1. Background)107 148 Q F0 11(.....................).37 G F2(3)11.5
E(1.2. Protocol Ov)107 160 Q(ervie)-.15 E(w)-.25 E F0 11
(...................)1.33 G F2(4)11.5 E(1.3. Administrati)107 172 Q .3
-.15(ve S)-.25 H(coping and BSR).15 E F0 11(..............)12.28 G F2(5)
11.5 E(2. BSR State and T)97 184 Q(imers)-.35 E F0 11
(...................)5.43 G F2(6)11.5 E
(3.1. Bootstrap Router Election and RP-Set Distrib)107 196 Q(ution)-.2 E
F0 11(.........)11.39 G F2(7)11.5 E(3.1. Bootstrap Router Election)107
208 Q F0 11(................)13.56 G F2(7)11.5 E(3.1.1. Per)117 220 Q
(-Scope-Zone Candidate-BSR State Machine)-.2 E F0 11(.........)6.7 G F2
(8)11.5 E(3.1.2. Per)117 232 Q
(-Scope-Zone State Machine for Non-Candidate-BSR Routers)-.2 E F0 11
(....)7.13 G F2(10)6.5 E(3.1.3. Bootstrap Message Processing Checks)117
244 Q F0 11(............)1.35 G F2(11)6.5 E(3.1.4. State Machine T)117
256 Q(ransition Ev)-.35 E(ents)-.15 E F0 11(.............)11.43 G F2(12)
6.5 E(3.1.5. State Machine Actions)117 268 Q F0 11(................)9.4
G F2(13)6.5 E(3.2. Sending Candidate-RP-Adv)107 280 Q
(ertisement Messages)-.15 E F0 11(..........)5.67 G F2(14)6.5 E
(3.3. Creating the RP-Set at the BSR)107 292 Q F0 11(...............)
5.91 G F2(15)6.5 E(3.4. F)107 304 Q(orw)-.15 E
(arding Bootstrap Messages)-.1 E F0 11(...............)2.57 G F2(17)6.5
E(3.5. Bootstrap Messages to Ne)107 316 Q 2.5(wa)-.25 G
(nd Rebooting Routers)-2.5 E F0 11(.........)7.85 G F2(18)6.5 E
(3.5.1. No-F)117 328 Q(orw)-.15 E(ard Bootstrap Messages)-.1 E F0 11
(.............)9.8 G F2(18)6.5 E(3.5.2. Unicasting Bootstrap Messages)
117 340 Q F0 11(..............)1.9 G F2(18)6.5 E(3.6. Recei)107 352 Q
(ving and Using the RP-Set)-.25 E F0 11(...............)2.56 G F2(18)6.5
E(4. Message F)97 364 Q(ormats)-.15 E F0 11(....................)10.38 G
F2(18)6.5 E(4.1. Bootstrap Message F)107 376 Q(ormat)-.15 E F0 11
(................)10.38 G F2(20)6.5 E
(4.1.1. Semantic Fragmentation of BSMs)117 388 Q F0 11(.............)
5.36 G F2(23)6.5 E(4.2. Candidate-RP-Adv)107 400 Q(ertisement Message F)
-.15 E(ormat)-.15 E F0 11(..........)13.6 G F2(24)6.5 E(5. T)97 412 Q
(imers and T)-.35 E(imer V)-.35 E(alues)-1.11 E F0 11
(..................)7.33 G F2(25)6.5 E(6. Security Considerations)97 424
Q F0 11(..................)12.17 G F2(27)6.5 E(6.1. Possible Threats)107
436 Q F0 11(...................)10.92 G F2(27)6.5 E
(6.2. Limiting Third-P)107 448 Q(arty DoS Attacks)-.15 E F0 11
(..............)8.15 G F2(27)6.5 E(6.3. Bootstrap Message Security)107
460 Q F0 11(................)5.79 G F2(28)6.5 E
(6.3.1. Rejecting Bootstrap Messages from In)117 472 Q -.25(va)-.4 G
(lid Neighbors).25 E F0 11(.......)6.87 G F2(28)6.5 E
(6.4. Candidate-RP-Adv)107 484 Q(ertisement Message Security)-.15 E F0
11(..........)9.01 G F2(28)6.5 E
(6.4.1. Non-Cryptographic Security of C-RP-Adv Messages)117 496 Q F0 11
(.......)12.61 G F2(29)6.5 E
(6.4.2. Cryptographic Security of C-RP-Adv Messages)117 508 Q F0 11
(.........)5.66 G F2(29)6.5 E(6.5. Denial of Service using IPsec)107 520
Q F0 11(...............)13.44 G F2(29)6.5 E(7. Contrib)97 532 Q(utors)
-.2 E F0 11(......................)2.64 G F2(29)6.5 E(8. Ackno)97 544 Q
(wledgments)-.25 E F0 11(....................)5.76 G F2(29)6.5 E(9. IAN)
97 556 Q 2.5(AC)-.35 G(onsiderations)-2.5 E F0 11(...................)
7.11 G F2(30)6.5 E(10. Normati)97 568 Q .3 -.15(ve R)-.25 H(eferences)
.15 E F0 11(..................)13.71 G F2(30)6.5 E(11. Informati)97 580
Q .3 -.15(ve R)-.25 H(eferences).15 E F0 11(..................)9.27 G F2
(30)6.5 E F1(List of Figur)247.674 632 Q(es)-.234 E F2(Figure 1. Per)97
670 Q(-Scope-Zone state machine for a Candidate-BSR)-.2 E F0 11
(........)8.52 G F2(7)11.5 E(Figure 2. Per)97 682 Q
(-Scope-Zone state machine for a router not con\214gured as C-BSR)-.2 E
F0 11(...)13.39 G F2(9)11.5 E F0(Bhaskar/Gall/Ling)72 769 Q(ard/V)-.055
E 262.369(enaas [P)-1.221 F(age 2])-.165 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 3 3
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 11/Times-Roman@0 SF(INTERNET)72 49 Q 72.802(-DRAFT Expires:)-1.012 F
(August 2007)2.75 E(February 2007)103.569 E/F1 11/Times-Bold@0 SF(1.)72
85 Q/F2 14/Times-Bold@0 SF(Intr)5.5 E(oduction)-.252 E F0
(This document assumes some f)72 101.6 Q
(amiliarity with the concepts of Protocol Independent Multicast -)-.11 E
(Sparse Mode \(PIM-SM\), as de\214ned in [1], and Bi-directional Protoc\
ol Independent Multicast)72 114.6 Q
(\(BIDIR-PIM\), as de\214ned in [2], as well as with Administrati)72
127.6 Q -.165(ve)-.275 G(ly Scoped IP Multicast, as).165 E(described in\
[3], and the IPv6 Scoped Address Architecture, described in [4].)72
140.6 Q -.165(Fo)72 157.2 S 2.75(rc).165 G(orrect operation, e)-2.75 E
-.165(ve)-.275 G
(ry multicast router within a PIM domain must be able to map a).165 E
(particular multicast group address to the same Rendezv)72 170.2 Q
(ous Point \(RP\).)-.22 E(The PIM speci\214cations)5.5 E
(do not mandate the use of a single mechanism to pro)72 183.2 Q
(vide routers with the information to perform)-.165 E
(this group-to-RP mapping.)72 196.2 Q
(This document describes the PIM Bootstrap Router \(BSR\) mechanism.)72
212.8 Q(BSR is one w)5.5 E(ay that a)-.11 E(multicast router can learn \
the information required to perform the group-to-RP mapping.)72 225.8 Q
(The)5.5 E(mechanism is dynamic, lar)72 238.8 Q
(gely self-con\214guring, and rob)-.198 E(ust to router f)-.22 E
(ailure.)-.11 E(BSR w)72 255.4 Q
(as \214rst de\214ned in RFC 2362 [7], which has since been obsoleted.)
-.11 E(This document pro)5.5 E(vides)-.165 E(an updated speci\214cation\
of the BSR mechanism from RFC 2362, and also e)72 268.4 Q
(xtends it to cope with)-.165 E(administrati)72 281.4 Q -.165(ve)-.275 G
(ly scoped re).165 E(gion boundaries and dif)-.165 E(ferent \215a)-.275
E -.22(vo)-.22 G(rs of routing protocols.).22 E
(Throughout the document, an)72 298 Q 2.75(yr)-.165 G
(eference to the PIM protocol f)-2.75 E
(amily is restricted to the subset of)-.11 E(RP-based protocols, namely\
PIM-SM and BIDIR-PIM, unless stated otherwise.)72 311 Q(The k)72 327.6
Q .33 -.165(ey w)-.11 H(ords "MUST", "MUST NO).055 E(T", "REQ)-.44 E
(UIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NO)-.11 E(T",)-.44 E("SHOULD", "SHOULD NO)72
340.6 Q(T", "RECOMMENDED",)-.44 E("MA)5.5 E(Y", and "OPTION)-1.155 E
(AL" in this)-.385 E
(document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [6].)72 353.6 Q
F1(1.1.)72 379.6 Q/F3 13/Times-Bold@0 SF(Backgr)5.5 E(ound)-.234 E F0
2.75(AP)72 396.2 S(IM domain is a contiguous set of routers that all im\
plement PIM and are con\214gured to operate)-2.75 E(within a common bou\
ndary de\214ned by PIM Multicast Border Routers \(PMBRs\).)72 409.2 Q
(PMBRs)5.5 E(connect each PIM domain to the rest of the internet.)72
422.2 Q(Ev)72 438.8 Q(ery PIM multicast group needs to be associated wi\
th the IP address of a Rendezv)-.165 E(ous Point)-.22 E 2.75
(\(RP\). This)72 451.8 R
(address is used as the root of a group-speci\214c distrib)2.75 E
(ution tree whose branches e)-.22 E(xtend)-.165 E
(to all nodes in the domain that w)72 464.8 Q(ant to recei)-.11 E .33
-.165(ve t)-.275 H(raf).165 E(\214c sent to the group.)-.275 E
(Senders inject pack)5.5 E(ets)-.11 E
(into the tree in such a manner that the)72 477.8 Q 2.75(yr)-.165 G
(each all connected recei)-2.75 E -.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75(rs. Ho).165 F
2.75(wt)-.275 G(his is done and ho)-2.75 E(w)-.275 E(the pack)72 490.8 Q
(ets are forw)-.11 E(arded along the distrib)-.11 E
(ution tree depends on the particular routing protocol.)-.22 E -.165(Fo)
72 507.4 S 2.75(ra).165 G(ll senders to reach all recei)-2.75 E -.165
(ve)-.275 G
(rs, it is crucial that all routers in the domain use the same).165 E
(mappings of group addresses to RP addresses.)72 520.4 Q(An e)72 537 Q
(xception to the abo)-.165 E .33 -.165(ve i)-.165 H 2.75(sw).165 G
(here a PIM domain has been brok)-2.75 E(en up into multiple)-.11 E
(administrati)72 550 Q .33 -.165(ve s)-.275 H(cope re).165 E 2.75
(gions. These)-.165 F(are re)2.75 E
(gions where a border has been con\214gured so that a set)-.165 E
(of multicast groups will not be forw)72 563 Q(arded across that border)
-.11 E 5.5(.I)-.605 G 2.75(nt)-5.5 G(his case, all PIM routers within)
-2.75 E(the same scope re)72 576 Q
(gion must map a particular scoped group to the same RP within that re)
-.165 E(gion.)-.165 E(In order to determine the RP for a multicast grou\
p, a PIM router maintains a collection of group-)72 592.6 Q
(to-RP mappings, called the RP-Set.)72 605.6 Q 2.75(Ag)5.5 G
(roup-to-RP mapping contains the follo)-2.75 E(wing elements.)-.275 E
7.15<834d>72 622.2 S(ulticast group range, e)-7.15 E
(xpressed as an address and pre\214x length)-.165 E 7.15<8352>72 638.8 S
2.75(Pp)-7.15 G(riority)-2.75 E 7.15<8352>72 655.4 S 2.75(Pa)-7.15 G
(ddress)-2.75 E 7.15<8348>72 672 S(ash mask length)-7.15 E 7.15<8353>72
688.6 S 2.75(M/B)-7.15 G(IDIR \215ag)-2.75 E
(In general, the group ranges of these group-to-RP mappings may o)72
705.2 Q -.165(ve)-.165 G(rlap in arbitrary w).165 E(ays; hence)-.11 E
2.75(ap)72 718.2 S(articular multicast group may be co)-2.75 E -.165(ve)
-.165 G(red by multiple group-to-RP mappings.).165 E(When this is the)
5.5 E(Bhaskar/Gall/Ling)72 769 Q(ard/V)-.055 E 204.619(enaas Section)
-1.221 F 2.75(1.1. [P)2.75 F(age 3])-.165 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 4 4
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 11/Times-Roman@0 SF(INTERNET)72 49 Q 72.802(-DRAFT Expires:)-1.012 F
(August 2007)2.75 E(February 2007)103.569 E(case, the router chooses on\
ly one of the RPs by applying a deterministic algorithm so that all)72
85 Q(routers in the domain mak)72 98 Q 2.75(et)-.11 G(he same choice.)
-2.75 E(It is important to note that this algorithm is part of)5.5 E
(the speci\214cation of the indi)72 111 Q
(vidual routing protocols \(and may dif)-.275 E
(fer among them\), not of the BSR)-.275 E 2.75(speci\214cation. E.g.)72
124 R(PIM-SM [1] de\214nes one such algorithm.)2.75 E(It mak)5.5 E
(es use of a hash function for)-.11 E
(the case where a group range has multiple RPs with the same priority)72
137 Q 5.5(.T)-.715 G(he hash mask length is)-5.5 E
(used by this function.)72 150 Q(There are a number of w)72 166.6 Q
(ays in which such group-to-RP mappings can be established.)-.11 E(The)
5.5 E(simplest solution is for all the routers in the domain to be stat\
ically con\214gured with the same)72 179.6 Q 2.75(information. Ho)72
192.6 R(we)-.275 E -.165(ve)-.275 G .88 -.44(r, s).165 H
(tatic con\214guration generally doesn').44 E 2.75(ts)-.198 G
(cale well, and, e)-2.75 E(xcept when used in)-.165 E
(conjunction with An)72 205.6 Q(ycast-RP \(see [8] and [9]\), does not \
dynamically adapt to route around router)-.165 E(or link f)72 218.6 Q
(ailures.)-.11 E(The BSR mechanism pro)72 235.2 Q(vides a w)-.165 E
(ay in which viable group-to-RP mappings can be created and)-.11 E
(rapidly distrib)72 248.2 Q(uted to all the PIM routers in a domain.)
-.22 E(It is adapti)5.5 E -.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75(,i).165 G 2.75(nt)-2.75
G(hat if an RP becomes)-2.75 E(unreachable, this will be detected and t\
he RP-Sets will be modi\214ed so that the unreachable RP is)72 261.2 Q
(no longer used.)72 274.2 Q/F1 11/Times-Bold@0 SF(1.2.)72 300.2 Q/F2 13
/Times-Bold@0 SF(Pr)5.5 E(otocol Ov)-.234 E(er)-.13 E(view)-.13 E F0
(In this section we gi)72 316.8 Q .33 -.165(ve a)-.275 H 2.75(ni).165 G
(nformal and non-de\214niti)-2.75 E .33 -.165(ve ove)-.275 H(rvie).165 E
2.75(wo)-.275 G 2.75(ft)-2.75 G(he BSR mechanism.)-2.75 E(The)5.5 E
(de\214niti)72 329.8 Q .33 -.165(ve s)-.275 H(peci\214cation be).165 E
(gins in section 2.)-.165 E(The general idea behind the BSR mechanism i\
s that some of the PIM routers within a PIM)72 346.4 Q
(domain are con\214gured to be potential RPs for the domain.)72 359.4 Q
(These are kno)5.5 E(wn as Candidate-RPs)-.275 E 2.75(\(C-RPs\). A)72
372.4 R(subset of the C-RPs will e)2.75 E -.165(ve)-.275 G
(ntually be used as the actual RPs for the domain.).165 E(In)5.5 E(addi\
tion, some of the PIM routers in the domain are con\214gured to be cand\
idate bootstrap routers,)72 385.4 Q(or Candidate-BSRs \(C-BSRs\).)72
398.4 Q(One of these C-BSRs will be elected to be the bootstrap router)
5.5 E(\(BSR\) for the domain, and all the PIM routers in the domain wil\
l learn the result of this election)72 411.4 Q
(through Bootstrap messages.)72 424.4 Q
(The C-RPs will then report their candidac)5.5 E 2.75(yt)-.165 G 2.75
(ot)-2.75 G(he elected BSR,)-2.75 E
(which chooses a subset of these C-RPs and distrib)72 437.4 Q
(utes corresponding group-to-RP mappings to)-.22 E
(all the routers in the domain through Bootstrap messages.)72 450.4 Q
(In more detail, the BSR mechanism w)72 467 Q(orks as follo)-.11 E 2.75
(ws. There)-.275 F(are four basic phases \(although in)2.75 E
(practice all phases may be occurring simultaneously\):)72 480 Q F1(1.)
72 496.6 Q F0(BSR Election.)16.75 E
(Each Candidate-BSR originates Bootstrap messages \(BSMs\).)5.5 E(Ev)5.5
E(ery BSM)-.165 E(contains a BSR Priority \214eld.)97 509.6 Q
(Routers within the domain \215ood the BSMs throughout the)5.5 E 2.75
(domain. A)97 522.6 R(C-BSR that hears about a higher)2.75 E
(-priority C-BSR than itself then suppresses its)-.22 E
(sending of further BSMs for some period of time.)97 535.6 Q
(The single remaining C-BSR becomes)5.5 E(the elected BSR, and its BSMs\
inform all the other routers in the domain that it is the)97 548.6 Q
(elected BSR.)97 561.6 Q F1(2.)72 578.2 Q F0(C-RP Adv)16.75 E 2.75
(ertisement. Each)-.165 F
(Candidate-RP within a domain sends periodic Candidate-RP-)2.75 E(Adv)97
591.2 Q(ertisement \(C-RP-Adv\) messages to the elected BSR.)-.165 E
2.75(AC)5.5 G(-RP-Adv message includes)-2.75 E(the priority of the adv)
97 604.2 Q(ertising C-RP)-.165 E 2.75(,a)-1.221 G 2.75(sw)-2.75 G
(ell as a list of group ranges for which the)-2.75 E(candidac)97 617.2 Q
2.75(yi)-.165 G 2.75(sa)-2.75 G(dv)-2.75 E 2.75(ertised. In)-.165 F
(this w)2.75 E(ay)-.11 E 2.75(,t)-.715 G
(he BSR learns about possible RPs that are currently)-2.75 E
(up and reachable.)97 630.2 Q F1(3.)72 646.8 Q F0(RP-Set F)16.75 E 2.75
(ormation. The)-.165 F
(BSR selects a subset of the C-RPs that it has recei)2.75 E -.165(ve)
-.275 G 2.75(dC).165 G(-RP-Adv)-2.75 E
(messages from to form the RP-Set.)97 659.8 Q
(In general it should do this in such a w)5.5 E(ay that the RP-)-.11 E
(Set is neither too lar)97 672.8 Q(ge to inform all the routers in the \
domain about, nor too small so that)-.198 E(load is o)97 685.8 Q -.165
(ve)-.165 G(rly concentrated on some RPs.).165 E
(It should also attempt to produce an RP-Set that)5.5 E
(does not change frequently)97 698.8 Q(.)-.715 E(Bhaskar/Gall/Ling)72
769 Q(ard/V)-.055 E 204.619(enaas Section)-1.221 F 2.75(1.2. [P)2.75 F
(age 4])-.165 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 5 5
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 11/Times-Roman@0 SF(INTERNET)72 49 Q 72.802(-DRAFT Expires:)-1.012 F
(August 2007)2.75 E(February 2007)103.569 E/F1 11/Times-Bold@0 SF(4.)72
85 Q F0(RP-Set Flooding.)16.75 E
(In future Bootstrap messages, the BSR includes the RP-Set information.)
5.5 E(Bootstrap messages are \215ooded through the domain, which ensure\
s that the RP-Set rapidly)97 98 Q
(reaches all the routers in the domain.)97 111 Q
(BSMs are originated periodically to ensure)5.5 E(consistenc)97 124 Q
2.75(ya)-.165 G(fter f)-2.75 E(ailure restoration.)-.11 E
(When a PIM router recei)97 150 Q -.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75(saB).165 G
(ootstrap message, it adds the group-to-RP mappings)-2.75 E(contained t\
herein to its pool of mappings obtained from other sources \(e.g. stati\
c)97 163 Q 2.75(con\214guration\). It)97 176 R(calculates the \214nal m\
appings of group addresses to RP addresses from)2.75 E(this pool accord\
ing to rules speci\214c to the particular routing protocol and uses tha\
t)97 189 Q(information to construct multicast distrib)97 202 Q
(ution trees.)-.22 E(If a PIM domain becomes partitioned, each area sep\
arated from the old BSR will elect its o)72 218.6 Q(wn)-.275 E
(BSR, which will distrib)72 231.6 Q
(ute an RP-Set containing RPs that are reachable within that partition.)
-.22 E(When the partition heals, another election will occur automatica\
lly and only one of the BSRs will)72 244.6 Q
(continue to send out Bootstrap messages.)72 257.6 Q(As is e)5.5 E
(xpected at the time of a partition or healing,)-.165 E
(some disruption in pack)72 270.6 Q(et deli)-.11 E -.165(ve)-.275 G
(ry may occur).165 E 5.5(.T)-.605 G
(his time will be on the order of the re)-5.5 E(gion')-.165 E(s)-.605 E
(round-trip time and the BS_T)72 283.6 Q(imeout v)-.385 E(alue.)-.275 E
F1(1.3.)72 309.6 Q/F2 13/Times-Bold@0 SF(Administrati)5.5 E .26 -.13
(ve S)-.13 H(coping and BSR).13 E F0(The mechanism described in the pre)
72 326.2 Q(vious section does not w)-.275 E
(ork when the PIM domain is di)-.11 E(vided)-.275 E(into administrati)72
339.2 Q -.165(ve)-.275 G(ly scoped re).165 E 2.75(gions. T)-.165 F 2.75
(oh)-.88 G(andle this situation, we use the protocol modi\214cations)
-2.75 E(described in this section.)72 352.2 Q(Administrati)72 368.8 Q
.33 -.165(ve s)-.275 H(coping permits a PIM domain to be di).165 E
(vided into multiple admin-scope re)-.275 E(gions.)-.165 E
(Each admin-scope re)72 381.8 Q(gion is a con)-.165 E .33 -.165(vex c)
-.44 H(onnected set of PIM routers, and is associated with a set of).165
E(group addresses.)72 394.8 Q(The boundary of the admin-scope re)5.5 E
(gion is formed by Zone Border Routers)-.165 E 2.75(\(ZBRs\). ZBRs)72
407.8 R(are con\214gured not to forw)2.75 E(ard traf)-.11 E
(\214c for an)-.275 E 2.75(yo)-.165 G 2.75(ft)-2.75 G
(he scoped group addresses into or)-2.75 E(out of the scoped re)72 420.8
Q 2.75(gion. It)-.165 F(is important to note that a gi)2.75 E -.165(ve)
-.275 G 2.75(ns).165 G(cope boundary al)-2.75 E -.11(wa)-.11 G
(ys creates at).11 E(least tw)72 433.8 Q 2.75(os)-.11 G(coped re)-2.75 E
(gions: one on either side of the boundary)-.165 E(.)-.715 E
(In IPv4, administrati)72 450.4 Q -.165(ve)-.275 G(ly scoped re).165 E
(gions are associated with a set of addresses gi)-.165 E -.165(ve)-.275
G 2.75(nb).165 G 2.75(ya)-2.75 G(n)-2.75 E
(address and a pre\214x length.)72 463.4 Q(In IPv6, administrati)5.5 E
-.165(ve)-.275 G(ly scoped re).165 E(gions are associated with a set of)
-.165 E(addresses gi)72 476.4 Q -.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75(nb).165 G 2.75
(yas)-2.75 G(ingle scope ID v)-2.75 E 2.75(alue. The)-.275 F
(set of addresses corresponding to a gi)2.75 E -.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75(ns)
.165 G(cope)-2.75 E(ID v)72 489.4 Q(alue is de\214ned in [5].)-.275 E
-.165(Fo)5.5 G 2.75(re).165 G
(xample, a scope ID of 5 maps to the 16 IPv6 address ranges)-2.915 E
-.275(ff)72 502.4 S([0-f]5::/16.).275 E
(There are certain topological restrictions on admin-scope re)72 519 Q
2.75(gions. The)-.165 F(scope zone border must be)2.75 E
(complete and con)72 532 Q -.165(vex)-.44 G 5.5(.B).165 G 2.75(yt)-5.5 G
(his we mean that there must be no path from inside the scoped zone to)
-2.75 E(outside it that does not pass through a con\214gured scope bord\
er router)72 545 Q 2.75(,a)-.44 G(nd that the multicast)-2.75 E
(capable path between an)72 558 Q 2.75(ya)-.165 G(rbitrary pair of mult\
icast routers in the scope zone must remain in the)-2.75 E(zone.)72 571
Q(Administrati)72 587.6 Q .33 -.165(ve s)-.275 H
(coping complicates BSR because we do not w).165 E
(ant a PIM router within the scoped)-.11 E(re)72 600.6 Q
(gion to use an RP outside the scoped re)-.165 E 2.75(gion. Thus)-.165 F
(we need to modify the basic mechanism to)2.75 E
(ensure that this doesn')72 613.6 Q 2.75(th)-.198 G(appen.)-2.75 E
(This is done by running a separate cop)72 630.2 Q 2.75(yo)-.11 G 2.75
(ft)-2.75 G(he basic BSR mechanism, as described in the)-2.75 E(pre)72
643.2 Q(vious section, within each admin scope re)-.275 E
(gion of a PIM domain.)-.165 E(Thus a separate BSR)5.5 E(election tak)72
656.2 Q(es place for each admin-scope re)-.11 E
(gion, a C-RP typically re)-.165 E(gisters to the BSR of e)-.165 E -.165
(ve)-.275 G(ry).165 E(admin scope zone it is in, and e)72 669.2 Q -.165
(ve)-.275 G(ry PIM router recei).165 E -.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75(sB).165 G
(ootstrap messages for e)-2.75 E -.165(ve)-.275 G(ry scope zone).165 E
(it is in.)72 682.2 Q(The Bootstrap messages sent by the BSR for a part\
icular scope zone contain information)5.5 E(about the RPs that should b\
e used for the set of addresses associated with that scope zone.)72
695.2 Q(Bootstrap messages are mark)72 711.8 Q
(ed to indicate which scope zone the)-.11 E 2.75(yb)-.165 G(elong to.)
-2.75 E(Such admin scoped)5.5 E
(Bootstrap messages are \215ooded in the normal w)72 724.8 Q(ay)-.11 E
2.75(,b)-.715 G(ut will not be forw)-2.97 E(arded by a ZBR across the)
-.11 E(Bhaskar/Gall/Ling)72 769 Q(ard/V)-.055 E 204.619(enaas Section)
-1.221 F 2.75(1.3. [P)2.75 F(age 5])-.165 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 6 6
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 11/Times-Roman@0 SF(INTERNET)72 49 Q 72.802(-DRAFT Expires:)-1.012 F
(August 2007)2.75 E(February 2007)103.569 E
(boundary for that scope zone.)72 85 Q -.165(Fo)72 101.6 S 2.75(rt).165
G(he BSR mechanism to function correctly with admin scoping, within eac\
h admin scope)-2.75 E(re)72 114.6 Q(gion there must be at least one C-B\
SR, and at least one C-RP that is con\214gured to be a C-RP for)-.165 E
(the set of group addresses associated with the scoped re)72 127.6 Q
(gion.)-.165 E(Ev)72 144.2 Q(en when administrati)-.165 E .33 -.165
(ve s)-.275 H(coping is used, a cop).165 E 2.75(yo)-.11 G 2.75(ft)-2.75
G(he BSR mechanism is still used across the)-2.75 E
(entire PIM domain, in order to distrib)72 157.2 Q
(ute RP information for groups that are not administrati)-.22 E -.165
(ve)-.275 G(ly).165 E 2.75(scoped. W)72 170.2 R 2.75(ec)-.88 G
(all this cop)-2.75 E 2.75(yo)-.11 G 2.75(ft)-2.75 G
(he mechanism Non-Scoped BSR.)-2.75 E(The copies of the mechanism run)
5.5 E(for each admin-scope re)72 183.2 Q(gion are called Scoped BSR.)
-.165 E(Only the C-BSRs and the ZBRs need to be con\214gured to kno)72
199.8 Q 2.75(wa)-.275 G(bout the e)-2.75 E(xistence of the scope)-.165 E
2.75(zones. Other)72 212.8 R
(routers, including the C-RPs, learn of their e)2.75 E
(xistence from Bootstrap messages.)-.165 E(All PIM routers within a PIM\
bootstrap domain where admin scope ranges are in use must be)72 229.4 Q
(capable of recei)72 242.4 Q(ving Bootstrap messages and storing the wi\
nning BSR and RP-Set for all admin)-.275 E(scope zones that apply)72
255.4 Q 5.5(.T)-.715 G
(hus PIM routers that only implement RFC 2362 or Non-Scoped BSR)-5.5 E
(\(which only allo)72 268.4 Q
(ws one BSR per domain\) cannot be used within the admin-scope re)-.275
E(gions of a)-.165 E(PIM domain.)72 281.4 Q/F1 11/Times-Bold@0 SF(2.)72
307.4 Q/F2 14/Times-Bold@0 SF(BSR State and T)5.5 E(imers)-.252 E F0
2.75(AP)72 324 S(IM router implementing BSR holds the follo)-2.75 E
(wing state.)-.275 E(RP-Set)97 340.6 Q
(Per Con\214gured or Learned Scope Zone \(Z\):)97 357.2 Q
(At all routers:)122 373.8 Q(Current Bootstrap Router')147 390.4 Q 2.75
(sI)-.605 G 2.75(PA)-2.75 G(ddress)-2.75 E(Current Bootstrap Router')147
407 Q 2.75(sB)-.605 G(SR Priority)-2.75 E(Last BSM recei)147 423.6 Q
-.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75(df).165 G(rom current BSR)-2.75 E(Bootstrap T)147
440.2 Q(imer \(BST\(Z\)\))-.385 E(Per group-to-RP mapping \(M\):)147
456.8 Q(Group-to-RP mapping Expiry T)172 473.4 Q(imer \(GET\(M,Z\)\))
-.385 E(At a Candidate-BSR for Z:)122 490 Q(My state: One of ")147 506.6
Q F1(Candidate-BSR)A F0(", ")A F1 -.22(Pe)C(nding-BSR).22 E F0(", ")A F1
(Elected-BSR)A F0(")A(At a router that is not a Candidate-BSR for Z:)122
523.2 Q(My state: One of ")147 539.8 Q F1(Accept Any)A F0(", ")A F1
(Accept Pr)A(eferr)-.198 E(ed)-.198 E F0(")A(Scope-Zone Expiry T)147
556.4 Q(imer \(SZT\(Z\)\))-.385 E
(At the current Bootstrap Router for Z only:)122 573 Q
(Per group-to-C-RP mapping \(M\):)147 589.6 Q
(Group-to-C-RP mapping Expiry T)172 606.2 Q(imer \(CGET\(M,Z\)\))-.385 E
(At a C-RP only:)97 622.8 Q(C-RP Adv)122 639.4 Q(ertisement T)-.165 E
(imer \(CRPT\))-.385 E(Bhaskar/Gall/Ling)72 769 Q(ard/V)-.055 E 204.619
(enaas Section)-1.221 F 2.75(3.1. [P)2.75 F(age 6])-.165 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 7 7
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 11/Times-Roman@0 SF(INTERNET)72 49 Q 72.802(-DRAFT Expires:)-1.012 F
(August 2007)2.75 E(February 2007)103.569 E/F1 11/Times-Bold@0 SF(3.)72
85 Q/F2 14/Times-Bold@0 SF(Bootstrap Router Election and RP-Set Distrib)
5.5 E(ution)-.28 E F1(3.1.)72 111 Q/F3 13/Times-Bold@0 SF
(Bootstrap Router Election)5.5 E F0 -.165(Fo)72 127.6 S 2.75(rs).165 G
(implicity)-2.75 E 2.75(,B)-.715 G(ootstrap messages are used in both t\
he BSR election and the RP-Set distrib)-2.75 E(ution)-.22 E(mechanisms.)
72 140.6 Q
(Each Bootstrap message indicates the scope that it belongs to.)72 157.2
Q(If the Admin Scope Zone bit is set)5.5 E(in the \214rst group range i\
n the Bootstrap message, the message is called a scoped BSM.)72 170.2 Q
(If the)5.5 E(Admin Scope Zone bit is not set in the \214rst group rang\
e in the Bootstrap message, the message is)72 183.2 Q
(called a non-scoped BSM.)72 196.2 Q
(In a scoped IPv4 BSM, the scope of the message is gi)72 212.8 Q -.165
(ve)-.275 G 2.75(nb).165 G 2.75(yt)-2.75 G
(he \214rst group range in the message,)-2.75 E(which can be an)72 225.8
Q 2.75(ys)-.165 G(ub-range of 224/4.)-2.75 E
(In a scoped IPv6 BSM, the scope of the message is gi)5.5 E -.165(ve)
-.275 G(n).165 E(by the scope ID of the \214rst group range in the mess\
age, which must ha)72 238.8 Q .33 -.165(ve a m)-.22 H
(ask length of at least).165 E 2.75(16. F)72 251.8 R(or e)-.165 E
(xample, a group range of f)-.165 E
(f05::/16 with the Admin Scope Zone bit set indicates that the)-.275 E
(Bootstrap message is for the scope with scope ID 5.)72 264.8 Q
(If the mask length of the \214rst group range in)5.5 E 2.75(as)72 277.8
S(coped IPv6 BSM is less than 16, the message MUST be dropped and a w)
-2.75 E(arning SHOULD be)-.11 E(logged.)72 290.8 Q(The state machine fo\
r Bootstrap messages depends on whether or not a router has been)72
307.4 Q(con\214gured to be a Candidate-BSR for a particular scope zone.)
72 320.4 Q(The per)5.5 E(-scope-zone state machine)-.22 E
(for a C-BSR is gi)72 333.4 Q -.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75(nb).165 G(elo)-2.75
E 1.43 -.715(w, f)-.275 H(ollo).715 E
(wed by the state machine for a router that is not con\214gured to be)
-.275 E 2.75(aC)72 346.4 S(-BSR.)-2.75 E(Bhaskar/Gall/Ling)72 769 Q
(ard/V)-.055 E 196.369(enaas Section)-1.221 F 2.75(3.1.1. [P)2.75 F
(age 7])-.165 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 8 8
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 11/Times-Roman@0 SF(INTERNET)72 49 Q 72.802(-DRAFT Expires:)-1.012 F
(August 2007)2.75 E(February 2007)103.569 E/F1 11/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.75
(3.1.1. P)72 85 R(er)-.22 E(-Scope-Zone Candidate-BSR State Machine)
-.407 E 21 307 396 541 -205.686 281 108 313.286 PBEGIN
%%BeginDocument: c-bsr.ps
%!PS-Adobe-2.0 EPSF-1.2
%%Creator: idraw
%%DocumentFonts: Helvetica
%%Pages: 1
%%BoundingBox: 21 307 562 588
%%EndComments
%%BeginIdrawPrologue
/arrowhead {
0 begin
transform originalCTM itransform
/taily exch def
/tailx exch def
transform originalCTM itransform
/tipy exch def
/tipx exch def
/dy tipy taily sub def
/dx tipx tailx sub def
/angle dx 0 ne dy 0 ne or { dy dx atan } { 90 } ifelse def
gsave
originalCTM setmatrix
tipx tipy translate
angle rotate
newpath
arrowHeight neg arrowWidth 2 div moveto
0 0 lineto
arrowHeight neg arrowWidth 2 div neg lineto
patternNone not {
originalCTM setmatrix
/padtip arrowHeight 2 exp 0.25 arrowWidth 2 exp mul add sqrt brushWidth mul
arrowWidth div def
/padtail brushWidth 2 div def
tipx tipy translate
angle rotate
padtip 0 translate
arrowHeight padtip add padtail add arrowHeight div dup scale
arrowheadpath
ifill
} if
brushNone not {
originalCTM setmatrix
tipx tipy translate
angle rotate
arrowheadpath
istroke
} if
grestore
end
} dup 0 9 dict put def
/arrowheadpath {
newpath
arrowHeight neg arrowWidth 2 div moveto
0 0 lineto
arrowHeight neg arrowWidth 2 div neg lineto
} def
/leftarrow {
0 begin
y exch get /taily exch def
x exch get /tailx exch def
y exch get /tipy exch def
x exch get /tipx exch def
brushLeftArrow { tipx tipy tailx taily arrowhead } if
end
} dup 0 4 dict put def
/rightarrow {
0 begin
y exch get /tipy exch def
x exch get /tipx exch def
y exch get /taily exch def
x exch get /tailx exch def
brushRightArrow { tipx tipy tailx taily arrowhead } if
end
} dup 0 4 dict put def
%%EndIdrawPrologue
/arrowHeight 8 def
/arrowWidth 4 def
/IdrawDict 51 dict def
IdrawDict begin
/reencodeISO {
dup dup findfont dup length dict begin
{ 1 index /FID ne { def }{ pop pop } ifelse } forall
/Encoding ISOLatin1Encoding def
currentdict end definefont
} def
/ISOLatin1Encoding [
/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef
/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef
/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef
/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef
/space/exclam/quotedbl/numbersign/dollar/percent/ampersand/quoteright
/parenleft/parenright/asterisk/plus/comma/minus/period/slash
/zero/one/two/three/four/five/six/seven/eight/nine/colon/semicolon
/less/equal/greater/question/at/A/B/C/D/E/F/G/H/I/J/K/L/M/N
/O/P/Q/R/S/T/U/V/W/X/Y/Z/bracketleft/backslash/bracketright
/asciicircum/underscore/quoteleft/a/b/c/d/e/f/g/h/i/j/k/l/m
/n/o/p/q/r/s/t/u/v/w/x/y/z/braceleft/bar/braceright/asciitilde
/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef
/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef
/.notdef/dotlessi/grave/acute/circumflex/tilde/macron/breve
/dotaccent/dieresis/.notdef/ring/cedilla/.notdef/hungarumlaut
/ogonek/caron/space/exclamdown/cent/sterling/currency/yen/brokenbar
/section/dieresis/copyright/ordfeminine/guillemotleft/logicalnot
/hyphen/registered/macron/degree/plusminus/twosuperior/threesuperior
/acute/mu/paragraph/periodcentered/cedilla/onesuperior/ordmasculine
/guillemotright/onequarter/onehalf/threequarters/questiondown
/Agrave/Aacute/Acircumflex/Atilde/Adieresis/Aring/AE/Ccedilla
/Egrave/Eacute/Ecircumflex/Edieresis/Igrave/Iacute/Icircumflex
/Idieresis/Eth/Ntilde/Ograve/Oacute/Ocircumflex/Otilde/Odieresis
/multiply/Oslash/Ugrave/Uacute/Ucircumflex/Udieresis/Yacute
/Thorn/germandbls/agrave/aacute/acircumflex/atilde/adieresis
/aring/ae/ccedilla/egrave/eacute/ecircumflex/edieresis/igrave
/iacute/icircumflex/idieresis/eth/ntilde/ograve/oacute/ocircumflex
/otilde/odieresis/divide/oslash/ugrave/uacute/ucircumflex/udieresis
/yacute/thorn/ydieresis
] def
/Helvetica reencodeISO def
/none null def
/numGraphicParameters 17 def
/stringLimit 65535 def
/Begin {
save
numGraphicParameters dict begin
} def
/End {
end
restore
} def
/SetB {
dup type /nulltype eq {
pop
false /brushRightArrow idef
false /brushLeftArrow idef
true /brushNone idef
} {
/brushDashOffset idef
/brushDashArray idef
0 ne /brushRightArrow idef
0 ne /brushLeftArrow idef
/brushWidth idef
false /brushNone idef
} ifelse
} def
/SetCFg {
/fgblue idef
/fggreen idef
/fgred idef
} def
/SetCBg {
/bgblue idef
/bggreen idef
/bgred idef
} def
/SetF {
/printSize idef
/printFont idef
} def
/SetP {
dup type /nulltype eq {
pop true /patternNone idef
} {
dup -1 eq {
/patternGrayLevel idef
/patternString idef
} {
/patternGrayLevel idef
} ifelse
false /patternNone idef
} ifelse
} def
/BSpl {
0 begin
storexyn
newpath
n 1 gt {
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 true subspline
n 2 gt {
0 0 0 0 1 1 2 2 false subspline
1 1 n 3 sub {
/i exch def
i 1 sub dup i dup i 1 add dup i 2 add dup false subspline
} for
n 3 sub dup n 2 sub dup n 1 sub dup 2 copy false subspline
} if
n 2 sub dup n 1 sub dup 2 copy 2 copy false subspline
patternNone not brushLeftArrow not brushRightArrow not and and { ifill } if
brushNone not { istroke } if
0 0 1 1 leftarrow
n 2 sub dup n 1 sub dup rightarrow
} if
end
} dup 0 4 dict put def
/Circ {
newpath
0 360 arc
closepath
patternNone not { ifill } if
brushNone not { istroke } if
} def
/CBSpl {
0 begin
dup 2 gt {
storexyn
newpath
n 1 sub dup 0 0 1 1 2 2 true subspline
1 1 n 3 sub {
/i exch def
i 1 sub dup i dup i 1 add dup i 2 add dup false subspline
} for
n 3 sub dup n 2 sub dup n 1 sub dup 0 0 false subspline
n 2 sub dup n 1 sub dup 0 0 1 1 false subspline
patternNone not { ifill } if
brushNone not { istroke } if
} {
Poly
} ifelse
end
} dup 0 4 dict put def
/Elli {
0 begin
newpath
4 2 roll
translate
scale
0 0 1 0 360 arc
closepath
patternNone not { ifill } if
brushNone not { istroke } if
end
} dup 0 1 dict put def
/Line {
0 begin
2 storexyn
newpath
x 0 get y 0 get moveto
x 1 get y 1 get lineto
brushNone not { istroke } if
0 0 1 1 leftarrow
0 0 1 1 rightarrow
end
} dup 0 4 dict put def
/MLine {
0 begin
storexyn
newpath
n 1 gt {
x 0 get y 0 get moveto
1 1 n 1 sub {
/i exch def
x i get y i get lineto
} for
patternNone not brushLeftArrow not brushRightArrow not and and { ifill } if
brushNone not { istroke } if
0 0 1 1 leftarrow
n 2 sub dup n 1 sub dup rightarrow
} if
end
} dup 0 4 dict put def
/Poly {
3 1 roll
newpath
moveto
-1 add
{ lineto } repeat
closepath
patternNone not { ifill } if
brushNone not { istroke } if
} def
/Rect {
0 begin
/t exch def
/r exch def
/b exch def
/l exch def
newpath
l b moveto
l t lineto
r t lineto
r b lineto
closepath
patternNone not { ifill } if
brushNone not { istroke } if
end
} dup 0 4 dict put def
/Text {
ishow
} def
/idef {
dup where { pop pop pop } { exch def } ifelse
} def
/ifill {
0 begin
gsave
patternGrayLevel -1 ne {
fgred bgred fgred sub patternGrayLevel mul add
fggreen bggreen fggreen sub patternGrayLevel mul add
fgblue bgblue fgblue sub patternGrayLevel mul add setrgbcolor
eofill
} {
eoclip
originalCTM setmatrix
pathbbox /t exch def /r exch def /b exch def /l exch def
/w r l sub ceiling cvi def
/h t b sub ceiling cvi def
/imageByteWidth w 8 div ceiling cvi def
/imageHeight h def
bgred bggreen bgblue setrgbcolor
eofill
fgred fggreen fgblue setrgbcolor
w 0 gt h 0 gt and {
l w add b translate w neg h scale
w h true [w 0 0 h neg 0 h] { patternproc } imagemask
} if
} ifelse
grestore
end
} dup 0 8 dict put def
/istroke {
gsave
brushDashOffset -1 eq {
[] 0 setdash
1 setgray
} {
brushDashArray brushDashOffset setdash
fgred fggreen fgblue setrgbcolor
} ifelse
brushWidth setlinewidth
originalCTM setmatrix
stroke
grestore
} def
/ishow {
0 begin
gsave
fgred fggreen fgblue setrgbcolor
/fontDict printFont printSize scalefont dup setfont def
/descender fontDict begin 0 /FontBBox load 1 get FontMatrix end
transform exch pop def
/vertoffset 1 printSize sub descender sub def {
0 vertoffset moveto show
/vertoffset vertoffset printSize sub def
} forall
grestore
end
} dup 0 3 dict put def
/patternproc {
0 begin
/patternByteLength patternString length def
/patternHeight patternByteLength 8 mul sqrt cvi def
/patternWidth patternHeight def
/patternByteWidth patternWidth 8 idiv def
/imageByteMaxLength imageByteWidth imageHeight mul
stringLimit patternByteWidth sub min def
/imageMaxHeight imageByteMaxLength imageByteWidth idiv patternHeight idiv
patternHeight mul patternHeight max def
/imageHeight imageHeight imageMaxHeight sub store
/imageString imageByteWidth imageMaxHeight mul patternByteWidth add string def
0 1 imageMaxHeight 1 sub {
/y exch def
/patternRow y patternByteWidth mul patternByteLength mod def
/patternRowString patternString patternRow patternByteWidth getinterval def
/imageRow y imageByteWidth mul def
0 patternByteWidth imageByteWidth 1 sub {
/x exch def
imageString imageRow x add patternRowString putinterval
} for
} for
imageString
end
} dup 0 12 dict put def
/min {
dup 3 2 roll dup 4 3 roll lt { exch } if pop
} def
/max {
dup 3 2 roll dup 4 3 roll gt { exch } if pop
} def
/midpoint {
0 begin
/y1 exch def
/x1 exch def
/y0 exch def
/x0 exch def
x0 x1 add 2 div
y0 y1 add 2 div
end
} dup 0 4 dict put def
/thirdpoint {
0 begin
/y1 exch def
/x1 exch def
/y0 exch def
/x0 exch def
x0 2 mul x1 add 3 div
y0 2 mul y1 add 3 div
end
} dup 0 4 dict put def
/subspline {
0 begin
/movetoNeeded exch def
y exch get /y3 exch def
x exch get /x3 exch def
y exch get /y2 exch def
x exch get /x2 exch def
y exch get /y1 exch def
x exch get /x1 exch def
y exch get /y0 exch def
x exch get /x0 exch def
x1 y1 x2 y2 thirdpoint
/p1y exch def
/p1x exch def
x2 y2 x1 y1 thirdpoint
/p2y exch def
/p2x exch def
x1 y1 x0 y0 thirdpoint
p1x p1y midpoint
/p0y exch def
/p0x exch def
x2 y2 x3 y3 thirdpoint
p2x p2y midpoint
/p3y exch def
/p3x exch def
movetoNeeded { p0x p0y moveto } if
p1x p1y p2x p2y p3x p3y curveto
end
} dup 0 17 dict put def
/storexyn {
/n exch def
/y n array def
/x n array def
n 1 sub -1 0 {
/i exch def
y i 3 2 roll put
x i 3 2 roll put
} for
} def
/SSten {
fgred fggreen fgblue setrgbcolor
dup true exch 1 0 0 -1 0 6 -1 roll matrix astore
} def
/FSten {
dup 3 -1 roll dup 4 1 roll exch
newpath
0 0 moveto
dup 0 exch lineto
exch dup 3 1 roll exch lineto
0 lineto
closepath
bgred bggreen bgblue setrgbcolor
eofill
SSten
} def
/Rast {
exch dup 3 1 roll 1 0 0 -1 0 6 -1 roll matrix astore
} def
%%EndProlog
%I Idraw 13 Grid 8 8
%%Page: 1 1
Begin
%I b u
%I cfg u
%I cbg u
%I f u
%I p u
%I t
[ 0.956649 0 0 0.956649 0 0 ] concat
/originalCTM matrix currentmatrix def
Begin %I BSpl
%I b 65535
0 0 1 [] 0 SetB
%I cfg Black
0 0 0 SetCFg
%I cbg Black
0 0 0 SetCBg
%I p
1 SetP
%I t
[ 0.5 -0 -0 0.5 14.5 176.5 ] concat
%I 5
792 685
891 683
885 605
843 604
808 642
5 BSpl
%I 2
End
Begin %I BSpl
%I b 65535
0 0 1 [] 0 SetB
%I cfg Black
0 0 0 SetCFg
%I cbg Black
0 0 0 SetCBg
%I p
1 SetP
%I t
[ 0.5 -0 -0 0.5 14.5 176.5 ] concat
%I 5
788 689
811 789
877 788
887 733
829 710
5 BSpl
%I 2
End
Begin %I BSpl
%I b 65535
0 0 1 [] 0 SetB
%I cfg Black
0 0 0 SetCFg
%I cbg Black
0 0 0 SetCBg
%I p
1 SetP
%I t
[ 0.5 -0 -0 0.5 115.5 177.5 ] concat
%I 5
288 389
241 313
320 290
382 317
338 389
5 BSpl
%I 2
End
Begin %I BSpl
%I b 65535
0 0 1 [] 0 SetB
%I cfg Black
0 0 0 SetCFg
%I cbg White
1 1 1 SetCBg
%I p
0 SetP
%I t
[ 1.00041 -0 -0 1.00041 -333.136 -91.0373 ] concat
%I 5
476 610
442 545
465 477
517 460
582 474
5 BSpl
%I 1
End
Begin %I BSpl
%I b 65535
0 0 1 [] 0 SetB
%I cfg Black
0 0 0 SetCFg
%I cbg Black
0 0 0 SetCBg
%I p
1 SetP
%I t
[ 0.5 -0 -0 0.5 78 177.5 ] concat
%I 3
389 427
610 468
657 636
3 BSpl
%I 2
End
Begin %I BSpl
%I b 65535
0 0 1 [] 0 SetB
%I cfg Black
0 0 0 SetCFg
%I cbg Black
0 0 0 SetCBg
%I p
1 SetP
%I t
[ 0.5 -0 -0 0.5 78 177.5 ] concat
%I 3
388 427
324 622
175 660
3 BSpl
%I 2
End
Begin %I BSpl
%I b 65535
0 0 1 [] 0 SetB
%I cfg Black
0 0 0 SetCFg
%I cbg Black
0 0 0 SetCBg
%I p
1 SetP
%I t
[ 0.5 -0 -0 0.5 78 177.5 ] concat
%I 3
129 688
165 486
339 433
3 BSpl
%I 2
End
Begin %I BSpl
%I b 65535
0 0 1 [] 0 SetB
%I cfg Black
0 0 0 SetCFg
%I cbg Black
0 0 0 SetCBg
%I p
1 SetP
%I t
[ 0.5 -0 -0 0.5 68 177.5 ] concat
%I 3
680 685
424 781
193 713
3 BSpl
%I 2
End
Begin %I BSpl
%I b 65535
0 0 1 [] 0 SetB
%I cfg Black
0 0 0 SetCFg
%I cbg Black
0 0 0 SetCBg
%I p
1 SetP
%I t
[ -2.18557e-08 0.5 -0.5 -2.18557e-08 488.25 448.25 ] concat
%I 4
149 683
62 839
221 843
168 729
4 BSpl
%I 2
End
Begin %I Elli
%I b 65535
0 0 0 [] 0 SetB
%I cfg Black
0 0 0 SetCFg
%I cbg White
1 1 1 SetCBg
%I p
1 SetP
%I t
[ 0.5 -0 -0 0.5 68 177.5 ] concat
%I
152 685 48 48 Elli
End
Begin %I Elli
%I b 65535
0 0 0 [] 0 SetB
%I cfg Black
0 0 0 SetCFg
%I cbg White
1 1 1 SetCBg
%I p
1 SetP
%I t
[ 0.5 -0 -0 0.5 196 49.5 ] concat
%I
152 685 48 48 Elli
End
Begin %I Elli
%I b 65535
0 0 0 [] 0 SetB
%I cfg Black
0 0 0 SetCFg
%I cbg White
1 1 1 SetCBg
%I p
1 SetP
%I t
[ 0.5 -0 -0 0.5 332 177.5 ] concat
%I
152 685 48 48 Elli
End
Begin %I Text
%I cfg Black
0 0 0 SetCFg
%I f -adobe-helvetica-medium-r-normal--10-100-75-75-p-56-iso8859-1
Helvetica 10 SetF
%I t
[ 1 0 0 1 300 352.5 ] concat
%I
[
(Receive Non-preferred BSM)
([Forward BSM])
] Text
End
Begin %I Text
%I cfg Black
0 0 0 SetCFg
%I f -adobe-helvetica-medium-r-normal--10-100-75-75-p-56-iso8859-1
Helvetica 10 SetF
%I t
[ 1 0 0 1 120.754 527.006 ] concat
%I
[
(Candidate)
( BSR)
] Text
End
Begin %I Text
%I cfg Black
0 0 0 SetCFg
%I f -adobe-helvetica-medium-r-normal--10-100-75-75-p-56-iso8859-1
Helvetica 10 SetF
%I t
[ 1 0 0 1 252 399.5 ] concat
%I
[
(Pending)
( BSR)
] Text
End
Begin %I Text
%I cfg Black
0 0 0 SetCFg
%I f -adobe-helvetica-medium-r-normal--10-100-75-75-p-56-iso8859-1
Helvetica 10 SetF
%I t
[ 1 0 0 1 391.001 529.004 ] concat
%I
[
(Elected)
( BSR)
] Text
End
Begin %I Text
%I cfg Black
0 0 0 SetCFg
%I f -adobe-helvetica-medium-r-normal--10-100-75-75-p-56-iso8859-1
Helvetica 10 SetF
%I t
[ 1 0 0 1 126.007 456.006 ] concat
%I
[
(Bootstrap Timer Expires)
([Set Bootstrap Timer)
( to BS_Rand_Override])
] Text
End
Begin %I Text
%I cfg Black
0 0 0 SetCFg
%I f -adobe-helvetica-medium-r-normal--10-100-75-75-p-56-iso8859-1
Helvetica 10 SetF
%I t
[ 1 0 0 1 23.9651 377.038 ] concat
%I
[
(Receive Non-preferred BSM)
(from Elected BSR)
([Forward BSM])
([Set Bootstrap Timer to BS_Rand_Override])
] Text
End
Begin %I Text
%I cfg Black
0 0 0 SetCFg
%I f -adobe-helvetica-medium-r-normal--10-100-75-75-p-56-iso8859-1
Helvetica 10 SetF
%I t
[ 1 0 0 1 365.021 412.987 ] concat
%I
[
(Bootstrap Timer Expires)
([Originate BSM])
([Set Bootstrap Timer to BS_Period])
] Text
End
Begin %I Text
%I cfg Black
0 0 0 SetCFg
%I f -adobe-helvetica-medium-r-normal--10-100-75-75-p-56-iso8859-1
Helvetica 10 SetF
%I t
[ 1 0 0 1 229.517 515.508 ] concat
%I
[
(Receive Preferred BSM)
([Forward BSM])
([Store RP-Set])
([Set Bootstrap Timer to BS_Timeout])
] Text
End
Begin %I Text
%I cfg Black
0 0 0 SetCFg
%I f -adobe-helvetica-medium-r-normal--10-100-75-75-p-56-iso8859-1
Helvetica 10 SetF
%I t
[ 1 0 0 1 217.002 596.02 ] concat
%I
[
(Receive Preferred BSM)
([Forward BSM])
([Store RP-Set])
([Set Bootstrap Timer to BS_Timeout])
] Text
End
Begin %I Text
%I cfg Black
0 0 0 SetCFg
%I f -adobe-helvetica-medium-r-normal--10-100-75-75-p-56-iso8859-1
Helvetica 10 SetF
%I t
[ 1 0 0 1 54.5115 595.009 ] concat
%I
[
(Receive Preferred BSM)
([Forward BSM])
([Store RP-Set])
([Set Bootstrap Timer )
( to BS_Timeout])
] Text
End
Begin %I Text
%I cfg Black
0 0 0 SetCFg
%I f -adobe-helvetica-medium-r-normal--10-100-75-75-p-56-iso8859-1
Helvetica 10 SetF
%I t
[ 1 0 0 1 423 478 ] concat
%I
[
(Receive Non-preferred BSM)
([Originate BSM])
([Set Bootstrap Timer to BS_Period])
] Text
End
Begin %I Text
%I cfg Black
0 0 0 SetCFg
%I f -adobe-helvetica-medium-r-normal--10-100-75-75-p-56-iso8859-1
Helvetica 10 SetF
%I t
[ 1 0 0 1 421.502 611.038 ] concat
%I
[
(Bootstrap Timer Expires)
([Originate BSM])
([Set Bootstrap Timer )
( to BS_Period])
] Text
End
End %I eop
showpage
%%Trailer
end
%%EndDocument
end PEND(Figur)108 339.286 Q 2.75(e1)-.198 G 2.75(:P)-2.75 G(er)-2.97 E
(-Scope-Zone state machine f)-.407 E(or a Candidate-BSR)-.275 E F0(Per)
72 361.886 Q(-Scope-Zone state machine for a Candidate-BSR in tab)-.22 E
(ular form:)-.22 E .44 LW 503.996 372.636 72 372.636 DL F1
(When in C-BSR state)237.733 382.886 Q 503.996 387.636 72 387.636 DL(Ev)
83.541 397.886 Q(ent)-.11 E F0(Recei)166.667 397.886 Q .33 -.165(ve P)
-.275 H(referred).165 E(BSM)166.667 410.886 Q(Bootstrap T)284.626
397.886 Q(imer)-.385 E(Expires)284.626 410.886 Q(Recei)405.852 397.886 Q
.33 -.165(ve N)-.275 H(on-).165 E(preferred BSM)405.852 410.886 Q
(from Elected BSR)405.852 423.886 Q 503.996 428.636 72 428.636 DL
(-> C-BSR state)166.667 438.886 Q(-> P-BSR state)284.626 438.886 Q
(-> P-BSR state)405.852 438.886 Q F1(Action)83.541 464.886 Q F0 -.165
(Fo)166.667 451.886 S(rw).165 E(ard BSM;)-.11 E(Store RP-Set; Set)
166.667 464.886 Q(Bootstrap T)166.667 477.886 Q(imer to)-.385 E(BS_T)
166.667 490.886 Q(imeout)-.385 E(Set Bootstrap)284.626 451.886 Q -.385
(Ti)284.626 464.886 S(mer to).385 E(BS_Rand_Ov)284.626 477.886 Q(erride)
-.165 E -.165(Fo)405.852 451.886 S(rw).165 E(ard BSM; Set)-.11 E
(Bootstrap T)405.852 464.886 Q(imer to)-.385 E(BS_Rand_Ov)405.852
477.886 Q(erride)-.165 E 503.996 495.636 72 495.636 DL 388.54 387.636
388.54 495.636 DL 267.314 387.636 267.314 495.636 DL 149.355 387.636
149.355 495.636 DL 503.996 372.636 503.996 495.636 DL 72 372.636 72
495.636 DL 503.999 520.636 72 520.636 DL F1(When in P-BSR state)238.345
530.886 Q 503.999 535.636 72 535.636 DL(Ev)86.741 545.886 Q(ent)-.11 E
F0(Recei)179.162 545.886 Q .33 -.165(ve P)-.275 H(referred).165 E(BSM)
179.162 558.886 Q(Bootstrap T)306.721 545.886 Q(imer)-.385 E(Expires)
306.721 558.886 Q(Recei)422.972 545.886 Q .33 -.165(ve N)-.275 H(on-)
.165 E(preferred BSM)422.972 558.886 Q 503.999 563.636 72 563.636 DL
(-> C-BSR state)179.162 573.886 Q(-> E-BSR state)306.721 573.886 Q
(-> P-BSR state)422.972 573.886 Q F1(Action)86.741 599.886 Q F0 -.165
(Fo)179.162 586.886 S(rw).165 E(ard BSM;)-.11 E(Store RP-Set; Set)
179.162 599.886 Q(Bootstrap T)179.162 612.886 Q(imer to)-.385 E(BS_T)
179.162 625.886 Q(imeout)-.385 E(Originate BSM;)306.721 586.886 Q
(Set Bootstrap)306.721 599.886 Q -.385(Ti)306.721 612.886 S(mer to).385
E(BS_Period)306.721 625.886 Q -.165(Fo)422.972 586.886 S(rw).165 E
(ard BSM)-.11 E 503.999 630.636 72 630.636 DL 400.86 535.636 400.86
630.636 DL 284.609 535.636 284.609 630.636 DL 157.05 535.636 157.05
630.636 DL 503.999 520.636 503.999 630.636 DL 72 520.636 72 630.636 DL
(Bhaskar/Gall/Ling)72 769 Q(ard/V)-.055 E 196.369(enaas Section)-1.221 F
2.75(3.1.1. [P)2.75 F(age 8])-.165 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 9 9
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 11/Times-Roman@0 SF(INTERNET)72 49 Q 72.802(-DRAFT Expires:)-1.012 F
(August 2007)2.75 E(February 2007)103.569 E .44 LW 503.999 76.75 72
76.75 DL/F1 11/Times-Bold@0 SF(When in E-BSR state)238.037 87 Q 503.999
91.75 72 91.75 DL(Ev)86.336 102 Q(ent)-.11 E F0(Recei)177.696 102 Q .33
-.165(ve P)-.275 H(referred).165 E(BSM)177.696 115 Q(Bootstrap T)304.04
102 Q(imer)-.385 E(Expires)304.04 115 Q(Recei)419.076 102 Q .33 -.165
(ve N)-.275 H(on-).165 E(preferred BSM)419.076 115 Q 503.999 119.75 72
119.75 DL(-> C-BSR state)177.696 130 Q(-> E-BSR state)304.04 130 Q
(-> E-BSR state)419.076 130 Q F1(Action)86.336 156 Q F0 -.165(Fo)177.696
143 S(rw).165 E(ard BSM;)-.11 E(Store RP-Set; Set)177.696 156 Q
(Bootstrap T)177.696 169 Q(imer to)-.385 E(BS_T)177.696 182 Q(imeout)
-.385 E(Originate BSM;)304.04 143 Q(Set Bootstrap)304.04 156 Q -.385(Ti)
304.04 169 S(mer to).385 E(BS_Period)304.04 182 Q(Originate BSM;)419.076
143 Q(Set Bootstrap)419.076 156 Q -.385(Ti)419.076 169 S(mer to).385 E
(BS_Period)419.076 182 Q 503.999 186.75 72 186.75 DL 397.572 91.75
397.572 186.75 DL 282.536 91.75 282.536 186.75 DL 156.192 91.75 156.192
186.75 DL 503.999 76.75 503.999 186.75 DL 72 76.75 72 186.75 DL 2.75(AC)
72 217.6 S(andidate-BSR may be in one of three states for a particular \
scope zone:)-2.75 E F1(Candidate-BSR \(C-BSR\))72 234.2 Q F0
(The router is a candidate to be the BSR for the scope zone, b)97 247.2
Q(ut currently another router is)-.22 E(the preferred BSR.)97 260.2 Q F1
-.22(Pe)72 276.8 S(nding-BSR \(P-BSR\)).22 E F0
(The router is a candidate to be the BSR for the scope zone.)97 289.8 Q
(Currently no other router is the)5.5 E(preferred BSR, b)97 302.8 Q
(ut this router is not yet the elected BSR.)-.22 E
(This is a temporary state that)5.5 E(pre)97 315.8 Q -.165(ve)-.275 G
(nts rapid thrashing of the choice of BSR during BSR election.).165 E F1
(Elected-BSR \(E-BSR\))72 332.4 Q F0(The router is the elected BSR for \
the scope zone and it must perform all the BSR functions.)97 345.4 Q
(In addition to the three states, there is one timer:)72 362 Q 7.15
<8354>72 378.6 S(he Bootstrap T)-7.15 E(imer \(BST\) - used to time out\
old bootstrap router information, and used in the)-.385 E
(election process to terminate P-BSR state.)83 391.6 Q(The initial stat\
e for this con\214gured scope zone is "Pending-BSR"; the Bootstrap T)72
408.2 Q(imer is)-.385 E(initialized to BS_Rand_Ov)72 421.2 Q 2.75
(erride. This)-.165 F
(is the case both if the router is a Candidate BSR at)2.75 E
(startup, and if recon\214gured to become one later)72 434.2 Q(.)-.605 E
(Bhaskar/Gall/Ling)72 769 Q(ard/V)-.055 E 196.369(enaas Section)-1.221 F
2.75(3.1.2. [P)2.75 F(age 9])-.165 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 10 10
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 11/Times-Roman@0 SF(INTERNET)72 49 Q 72.802(-DRAFT Expires:)-1.012 F
(August 2007)2.75 E(February 2007)103.569 E/F1 11/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.75
(3.1.2. P)72 85 R(er)-.22 E(-Scope-Zone State Machine f)-.407 E
(or Non-Candidate-BSR Routers)-.275 E 49 403 396 516 -182.651 238 108
290.251 PBEGIN
%%BeginDocument: non-c-bsr.ps
%!PS-Adobe-2.0 EPSF-1.2
%%Creator: idraw
%%DocumentFonts: Helvetica
%%Pages: 1
%%BoundingBox: 49 403 565 641
%%EndComments
%%BeginIdrawPrologue
/arrowhead {
0 begin
transform originalCTM itransform
/taily exch def
/tailx exch def
transform originalCTM itransform
/tipy exch def
/tipx exch def
/dy tipy taily sub def
/dx tipx tailx sub def
/angle dx 0 ne dy 0 ne or { dy dx atan } { 90 } ifelse def
gsave
originalCTM setmatrix
tipx tipy translate
angle rotate
newpath
arrowHeight neg arrowWidth 2 div moveto
0 0 lineto
arrowHeight neg arrowWidth 2 div neg lineto
patternNone not {
originalCTM setmatrix
/padtip arrowHeight 2 exp 0.25 arrowWidth 2 exp mul add sqrt brushWidth mul
arrowWidth div def
/padtail brushWidth 2 div def
tipx tipy translate
angle rotate
padtip 0 translate
arrowHeight padtip add padtail add arrowHeight div dup scale
arrowheadpath
ifill
} if
brushNone not {
originalCTM setmatrix
tipx tipy translate
angle rotate
arrowheadpath
istroke
} if
grestore
end
} dup 0 9 dict put def
/arrowheadpath {
newpath
arrowHeight neg arrowWidth 2 div moveto
0 0 lineto
arrowHeight neg arrowWidth 2 div neg lineto
} def
/leftarrow {
0 begin
y exch get /taily exch def
x exch get /tailx exch def
y exch get /tipy exch def
x exch get /tipx exch def
brushLeftArrow { tipx tipy tailx taily arrowhead } if
end
} dup 0 4 dict put def
/rightarrow {
0 begin
y exch get /tipy exch def
x exch get /tipx exch def
y exch get /taily exch def
x exch get /tailx exch def
brushRightArrow { tipx tipy tailx taily arrowhead } if
end
} dup 0 4 dict put def
%%EndIdrawPrologue
/arrowHeight 8 def
/arrowWidth 4 def
/IdrawDict 51 dict def
IdrawDict begin
/reencodeISO {
dup dup findfont dup length dict begin
{ 1 index /FID ne { def }{ pop pop } ifelse } forall
/Encoding ISOLatin1Encoding def
currentdict end definefont
} def
/ISOLatin1Encoding [
/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef
/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef
/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef
/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef
/space/exclam/quotedbl/numbersign/dollar/percent/ampersand/quoteright
/parenleft/parenright/asterisk/plus/comma/minus/period/slash
/zero/one/two/three/four/five/six/seven/eight/nine/colon/semicolon
/less/equal/greater/question/at/A/B/C/D/E/F/G/H/I/J/K/L/M/N
/O/P/Q/R/S/T/U/V/W/X/Y/Z/bracketleft/backslash/bracketright
/asciicircum/underscore/quoteleft/a/b/c/d/e/f/g/h/i/j/k/l/m
/n/o/p/q/r/s/t/u/v/w/x/y/z/braceleft/bar/braceright/asciitilde
/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef
/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/.notdef
/.notdef/dotlessi/grave/acute/circumflex/tilde/macron/breve
/dotaccent/dieresis/.notdef/ring/cedilla/.notdef/hungarumlaut
/ogonek/caron/space/exclamdown/cent/sterling/currency/yen/brokenbar
/section/dieresis/copyright/ordfeminine/guillemotleft/logicalnot
/hyphen/registered/macron/degree/plusminus/twosuperior/threesuperior
/acute/mu/paragraph/periodcentered/cedilla/onesuperior/ordmasculine
/guillemotright/onequarter/onehalf/threequarters/questiondown
/Agrave/Aacute/Acircumflex/Atilde/Adieresis/Aring/AE/Ccedilla
/Egrave/Eacute/Ecircumflex/Edieresis/Igrave/Iacute/Icircumflex
/Idieresis/Eth/Ntilde/Ograve/Oacute/Ocircumflex/Otilde/Odieresis
/multiply/Oslash/Ugrave/Uacute/Ucircumflex/Udieresis/Yacute
/Thorn/germandbls/agrave/aacute/acircumflex/atilde/adieresis
/aring/ae/ccedilla/egrave/eacute/ecircumflex/edieresis/igrave
/iacute/icircumflex/idieresis/eth/ntilde/ograve/oacute/ocircumflex
/otilde/odieresis/divide/oslash/ugrave/uacute/ucircumflex/udieresis
/yacute/thorn/ydieresis
] def
/Helvetica reencodeISO def
/none null def
/numGraphicParameters 17 def
/stringLimit 65535 def
/Begin {
save
numGraphicParameters dict begin
} def
/End {
end
restore
} def
/SetB {
dup type /nulltype eq {
pop
false /brushRightArrow idef
false /brushLeftArrow idef
true /brushNone idef
} {
/brushDashOffset idef
/brushDashArray idef
0 ne /brushRightArrow idef
0 ne /brushLeftArrow idef
/brushWidth idef
false /brushNone idef
} ifelse
} def
/SetCFg {
/fgblue idef
/fggreen idef
/fgred idef
} def
/SetCBg {
/bgblue idef
/bggreen idef
/bgred idef
} def
/SetF {
/printSize idef
/printFont idef
} def
/SetP {
dup type /nulltype eq {
pop true /patternNone idef
} {
dup -1 eq {
/patternGrayLevel idef
/patternString idef
} {
/patternGrayLevel idef
} ifelse
false /patternNone idef
} ifelse
} def
/BSpl {
0 begin
storexyn
newpath
n 1 gt {
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 true subspline
n 2 gt {
0 0 0 0 1 1 2 2 false subspline
1 1 n 3 sub {
/i exch def
i 1 sub dup i dup i 1 add dup i 2 add dup false subspline
} for
n 3 sub dup n 2 sub dup n 1 sub dup 2 copy false subspline
} if
n 2 sub dup n 1 sub dup 2 copy 2 copy false subspline
patternNone not brushLeftArrow not brushRightArrow not and and { ifill } if
brushNone not { istroke } if
0 0 1 1 leftarrow
n 2 sub dup n 1 sub dup rightarrow
} if
end
} dup 0 4 dict put def
/Circ {
newpath
0 360 arc
closepath
patternNone not { ifill } if
brushNone not { istroke } if
} def
/CBSpl {
0 begin
dup 2 gt {
storexyn
newpath
n 1 sub dup 0 0 1 1 2 2 true subspline
1 1 n 3 sub {
/i exch def
i 1 sub dup i dup i 1 add dup i 2 add dup false subspline
} for
n 3 sub dup n 2 sub dup n 1 sub dup 0 0 false subspline
n 2 sub dup n 1 sub dup 0 0 1 1 false subspline
patternNone not { ifill } if
brushNone not { istroke } if
} {
Poly
} ifelse
end
} dup 0 4 dict put def
/Elli {
0 begin
newpath
4 2 roll
translate
scale
0 0 1 0 360 arc
closepath
patternNone not { ifill } if
brushNone not { istroke } if
end
} dup 0 1 dict put def
/Line {
0 begin
2 storexyn
newpath
x 0 get y 0 get moveto
x 1 get y 1 get lineto
brushNone not { istroke } if
0 0 1 1 leftarrow
0 0 1 1 rightarrow
end
} dup 0 4 dict put def
/MLine {
0 begin
storexyn
newpath
n 1 gt {
x 0 get y 0 get moveto
1 1 n 1 sub {
/i exch def
x i get y i get lineto
} for
patternNone not brushLeftArrow not brushRightArrow not and and { ifill } if
brushNone not { istroke } if
0 0 1 1 leftarrow
n 2 sub dup n 1 sub dup rightarrow
} if
end
} dup 0 4 dict put def
/Poly {
3 1 roll
newpath
moveto
-1 add
{ lineto } repeat
closepath
patternNone not { ifill } if
brushNone not { istroke } if
} def
/Rect {
0 begin
/t exch def
/r exch def
/b exch def
/l exch def
newpath
l b moveto
l t lineto
r t lineto
r b lineto
closepath
patternNone not { ifill } if
brushNone not { istroke } if
end
} dup 0 4 dict put def
/Text {
ishow
} def
/idef {
dup where { pop pop pop } { exch def } ifelse
} def
/ifill {
0 begin
gsave
patternGrayLevel -1 ne {
fgred bgred fgred sub patternGrayLevel mul add
fggreen bggreen fggreen sub patternGrayLevel mul add
fgblue bgblue fgblue sub patternGrayLevel mul add setrgbcolor
eofill
} {
eoclip
originalCTM setmatrix
pathbbox /t exch def /r exch def /b exch def /l exch def
/w r l sub ceiling cvi def
/h t b sub ceiling cvi def
/imageByteWidth w 8 div ceiling cvi def
/imageHeight h def
bgred bggreen bgblue setrgbcolor
eofill
fgred fggreen fgblue setrgbcolor
w 0 gt h 0 gt and {
l w add b translate w neg h scale
w h true [w 0 0 h neg 0 h] { patternproc } imagemask
} if
} ifelse
grestore
end
} dup 0 8 dict put def
/istroke {
gsave
brushDashOffset -1 eq {
[] 0 setdash
1 setgray
} {
brushDashArray brushDashOffset setdash
fgred fggreen fgblue setrgbcolor
} ifelse
brushWidth setlinewidth
originalCTM setmatrix
stroke
grestore
} def
/ishow {
0 begin
gsave
fgred fggreen fgblue setrgbcolor
/fontDict printFont printSize scalefont dup setfont def
/descender fontDict begin 0 /FontBBox load 1 get FontMatrix end
transform exch pop def
/vertoffset 1 printSize sub descender sub def {
0 vertoffset moveto show
/vertoffset vertoffset printSize sub def
} forall
grestore
end
} dup 0 3 dict put def
/patternproc {
0 begin
/patternByteLength patternString length def
/patternHeight patternByteLength 8 mul sqrt cvi def
/patternWidth patternHeight def
/patternByteWidth patternWidth 8 idiv def
/imageByteMaxLength imageByteWidth imageHeight mul
stringLimit patternByteWidth sub min def
/imageMaxHeight imageByteMaxLength imageByteWidth idiv patternHeight idiv
patternHeight mul patternHeight max def
/imageHeight imageHeight imageMaxHeight sub store
/imageString imageByteWidth imageMaxHeight mul patternByteWidth add string def
0 1 imageMaxHeight 1 sub {
/y exch def
/patternRow y patternByteWidth mul patternByteLength mod def
/patternRowString patternString patternRow patternByteWidth getinterval def
/imageRow y imageByteWidth mul def
0 patternByteWidth imageByteWidth 1 sub {
/x exch def
imageString imageRow x add patternRowString putinterval
} for
} for
imageString
end
} dup 0 12 dict put def
/min {
dup 3 2 roll dup 4 3 roll lt { exch } if pop
} def
/max {
dup 3 2 roll dup 4 3 roll gt { exch } if pop
} def
/midpoint {
0 begin
/y1 exch def
/x1 exch def
/y0 exch def
/x0 exch def
x0 x1 add 2 div
y0 y1 add 2 div
end
} dup 0 4 dict put def
/thirdpoint {
0 begin
/y1 exch def
/x1 exch def
/y0 exch def
/x0 exch def
x0 2 mul x1 add 3 div
y0 2 mul y1 add 3 div
end
} dup 0 4 dict put def
/subspline {
0 begin
/movetoNeeded exch def
y exch get /y3 exch def
x exch get /x3 exch def
y exch get /y2 exch def
x exch get /x2 exch def
y exch get /y1 exch def
x exch get /x1 exch def
y exch get /y0 exch def
x exch get /x0 exch def
x1 y1 x2 y2 thirdpoint
/p1y exch def
/p1x exch def
x2 y2 x1 y1 thirdpoint
/p2y exch def
/p2x exch def
x1 y1 x0 y0 thirdpoint
p1x p1y midpoint
/p0y exch def
/p0x exch def
x2 y2 x3 y3 thirdpoint
p2x p2y midpoint
/p3y exch def
/p3x exch def
movetoNeeded { p0x p0y moveto } if
p1x p1y p2x p2y p3x p3y curveto
end
} dup 0 17 dict put def
/storexyn {
/n exch def
/y n array def
/x n array def
n 1 sub -1 0 {
/i exch def
y i 3 2 roll put
x i 3 2 roll put
} for
} def
/SSten {
fgred fggreen fgblue setrgbcolor
dup true exch 1 0 0 -1 0 6 -1 roll matrix astore
} def
/FSten {
dup 3 -1 roll dup 4 1 roll exch
newpath
0 0 moveto
dup 0 exch lineto
exch dup 3 1 roll exch lineto
0 lineto
closepath
bgred bggreen bgblue setrgbcolor
eofill
SSten
} def
/Rast {
exch dup 3 1 roll 1 0 0 -1 0 6 -1 roll matrix astore
} def
%%EndProlog
%I Idraw 13 Grid 7.5738e-15 7.25873e-43
%%Page: 1 1
Begin
%I b u
%I cfg u
%I cbg u
%I f u
%I p u
%I t
[ 0.956649 0 0 0.956649 0 0 ] concat
/originalCTM matrix currentmatrix def
Begin %I BSpl
%I b 65535
0 0 1 [] 0 SetB
%I cfg Black
0 0 0 SetCFg
%I cbg Black
0 0 0 SetCBg
%I p
1 SetP
%I t
[ 0.28429 -0.411314 0.411314 0.28429 22.1701 392.787 ] concat
%I 4
149 683
62 839
221 843
168 729
4 BSpl
%I 2
End
Begin %I BSpl
%I b 65535
0 0 1 [] 0 SetB
%I cfg Black
0 0 0 SetCFg
%I cbg White
1 1 1 SetCBg
%I p
0 SetP
%I t
[ 1.00041 0 0 1.00041 -392.156 -90.037 ] concat
%I 3
614 734
696 715
731 633
3 BSpl
%I 1
End
Begin %I BSpl
%I b 65535
0 0 1 [] 0 SetB
%I cfg Black
0 0 0 SetCFg
%I cbg Black
0 0 0 SetCBg
%I p
1 SetP
%I t
[ 1.00041 0 0 1.00041 -392.156 -90.037 ] concat
%I 3
477 611
520 703
591 728
3 BSpl
%I 1
End
Begin %I BSpl
%I b 65535
0 0 1 [] 0 SetB
%I cfg Black
0 0 0 SetCFg
%I cbg Black
0 0 0 SetCBg
%I p
1 SetP
%I t
[ 0.5 0 0 0.5 18.9796 178.5 ] concat
%I 3
131 684
386 552
621 659
3 BSpl
%I 2
End
Begin %I BSpl
%I b 65535
0 0 1 [] 0 SetB
%I cfg Black
0 0 0 SetCFg
%I cbg Black
0 0 0 SetCBg
%I p
1 SetP
%I t
[ 0.5 0 0 0.5 8.9796 178.5 ] concat
%I 3
680 685
424 781
193 713
3 BSpl
%I 2
End
Begin %I BSpl
%I b 65535
0 0 1 [] 0 SetB
%I cfg Black
0 0 0 SetCFg
%I cbg Black
0 0 0 SetCBg
%I p
1 SetP
%I t
[ -0.280155 -0.414142 0.414142 -0.280155 98.8816 771.359 ] concat
%I 4
149 683
62 839
221 843
168 729
4 BSpl
%I 2
End
Begin %I Elli
%I b 65535
0 0 0 [] 0 SetB
%I cfg Black
0 0 0 SetCFg
%I cbg White
1 1 1 SetCBg
%I p
1 SetP
%I t
[ 0.5 0 0 0.5 8.9796 178.5 ] concat
%I
152 685 48 48 Elli
End
Begin %I Elli
%I b 65535
0 0 0 [] 0 SetB
%I cfg Black
0 0 0 SetCFg
%I cbg White
1 1 1 SetCBg
%I p
1 SetP
%I t
[ 0.5 0 0 0.5 272.98 178.5 ] concat
%I
152 685 48 48 Elli
End
Begin %I Elli
%I b 65535
0 0 0 [] 0 SetB
%I cfg Black
0 0 0 SetCFg
%I cbg White
1 1 1 SetCBg
%I p
1 SetP
%I t
[ 0.5 0 0 0.5 144.98 303.466 ] concat
%I
152 685 48 48 Elli
End
Begin %I Text
%I cfg Black
0 0 0 SetCFg
%I f -*-helvetica-medium-r-normal-*-12-*-*-*-*-*-*-*
Helvetica 12 SetF
%I t
[ 1 0 0 1 212.98 656.966 ] concat
%I
[
(No)
(Info)
] Text
End
Begin %I Text
%I cfg Black
0 0 0 SetCFg
%I f -adobe-helvetica-medium-r-normal--10-100-75-75-p-56-iso8859-1
Helvetica 10 SetF
%I t
[ 1 0 0 1 327.983 531 ] concat
%I
[
( Accept)
(Preferred)
] Text
End
Begin %I Text
%I cfg Black
0 0 0 SetCFg
%I f -adobe-helvetica-medium-r-normal--10-100-75-75-p-56-iso8859-1
Helvetica 10 SetF
%I t
[ 1 0 0 1 69.4796 531 ] concat
%I
[
(Accept)
( Any )
] Text
End
Begin %I Text
%I cfg Black
0 0 0 SetCFg
%I f -adobe-helvetica-medium-r-normal--10-100-75-75-p-56-iso8859-1
Helvetica 10 SetF
%I t
[ 1 0 0 1 310.954 661.972 ] concat
%I
[
(Receive BSM)
([Forward BSM])
([Store RP-Set])
([Set Bootstrap Timer to BS_Timeout])
([Set SZT to SZ_Timeout])
] Text
End
Begin %I Text
%I cfg Black
0 0 0 SetCFg
%I f -adobe-helvetica-medium-r-normal--10-100-75-75-p-56-iso8859-1
Helvetica 10 SetF
%I t
[ 1 0 0 1 411.98 497.5 ] concat
%I
[
(Receive )
(Non-preferred BSM)
] Text
End
Begin %I Text
%I cfg Black
0 0 0 SetCFg
%I f -adobe-helvetica-medium-r-normal--10-100-75-75-p-56-iso8859-1
Helvetica 10 SetF
%I t
[ 1 0 0 1 52.9774 624.977 ] concat
%I
[
(Scope-Zone Expiry )
(Timer expires)
([Cancel timers])
([Clear state])
] Text
End
Begin %I Text
%I cfg Black
0 0 0 SetCFg
%I f -adobe-helvetica-medium-r-normal--10-100-75-75-p-56-iso8859-1
Helvetica 10 SetF
%I t
[ 1 0 0 1 421.482 584.501 ] concat
%I
[
(Receive Preferred BSM)
([Forward BSM])
([Store RP-Set])
([Set Bootstrap Timer to BS_Timeout])
([Set SZT to SZ_Timeout])
] Text
End
Begin %I Text
%I cfg Black
0 0 0 SetCFg
%I f -adobe-helvetica-medium-r-normal--10-100-75-75-p-56-iso8859-1
Helvetica 10 SetF
%I t
[ 1 0 0 1 158.974 540.999 ] concat
%I
[
(Bootstrap Timer Expires)
([Refresh RP-Set])
([Remove BSR state])
] Text
End
Begin %I Text
%I cfg Black
0 0 0 SetCFg
%I f -adobe-helvetica-medium-r-normal--10-100-75-75-p-56-iso8859-1
Helvetica 10 SetF
%I t
[ 1 0 0 1 149.48 471.522 ] concat
%I
[
(Receive BSM)
([Forward BSM])
([Store RP-Set])
([Set Bootstrap Timer to BS_Timeout])
([Set SZT to SZ_Timeout])
] Text
End
End %I eop
showpage
%%Trailer
end
%%EndDocument
end PEND(Figur)108 316.251 Q 2.75(e2)-.198 G 2.75(:P)-2.75 G(er)-2.97 E
(-Scope-Zone state machine f)-.407 E(or a r)-.275 E
(outer not con\214gur)-.198 E(ed as C-BSR)-.198 E F0(Per)72 338.851 Q(-\
Scope-Zone state machine for a router not con\214gured as C-BSR in tab)
-.22 E(ular form:)-.22 E .44 LW 503.997 349.601 72 349.601 DL F1
(When in NoInf)237.871 359.851 Q 2.75(os)-.275 G(tate)-2.75 E 503.997
364.601 72 364.601 DL(Ev)119.807 374.851 Q(ent)-.11 E F0(Recei)147.194 E
.33 -.165(ve B)-.275 H(SM).165 E 503.997 379.601 72 379.601 DL
(-> AP state)294.391 389.851 Q -.165(Fo)294.391 402.851 S(rw).165 E
(ard BSM; Store RP-Set;)-.11 E(Set Bootstrap T)294.391 415.851 Q
(imer to BS_T)-.385 E(imeout;)-.385 E(Set SZT to SZ_T)294.391 428.851 Q
(imeout)-.385 E F1(Action)119.807 409.351 Q 503.997 433.601 72 433.601
DL 222.68 364.601 222.68 433.601 DL 503.997 349.601 503.997 433.601 DL
72 349.601 72 433.601 DL 503.993 458.601 72 458.601 DL
(When in Accept Any state)226.891 468.851 Q 503.993 473.601 72 473.601
DL(Ev)97.593 483.851 Q(ent)-.11 E F0(Recei)80.552 E .33 -.165(ve B)-.275
H(SM).165 E(Scope-Zone Expiry)387.969 483.851 Q -.385(Ti)387.969 496.851
S(mer Expires).385 E 503.993 501.601 72 501.601 DL(-> AP state)205.535
511.851 Q(-> NoInfo state)132.846 E F1(Action)97.593 537.851 Q F0 -.165
(Fo)205.535 524.851 S(rw).165 E(ard BSM; Store)-.11 E
(RP-Set; Set Bootstrap)205.535 537.851 Q -.385(Ti)205.535 550.851 S
(mer to BS_T).385 E(imeout;)-.385 E(Set SZT to SZ_T)205.535 563.851 Q
(imeout)-.385 E(Cancel timers; Clear)387.969 524.851 Q(state)387.969
537.851 Q 503.993 568.601 72 568.601 DL 349.579 473.601 349.579 568.601
DL 167.145 473.601 167.145 568.601 DL 503.993 458.601 503.993 568.601 DL
72 458.601 72 568.601 DL(Bhaskar/Gall/Ling)72 769 Q(ard/V)-.055 E
190.869(enaas Section)-1.221 F 2.75(3.1.2. [P)2.75 F(age 10])-.165 E 0
Cg EP
%%Page: 11 11
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 11/Times-Roman@0 SF(INTERNET)72 49 Q 72.802(-DRAFT Expires:)-1.012 F
(August 2007)2.75 E(February 2007)103.569 E .44 LW 503.992 76.75 72
76.75 DL/F1 11/Times-Bold@0 SF(When in Accept Pr)213.966 87 Q(eferr)
-.198 E(ed state)-.198 E 503.992 91.75 72 91.75 DL(Ev)85.845 102 Q(ent)
-.11 E F0(Recei)158.543 102 Q .33 -.165(ve P)-.275 H(referred).165 E
(BSM)158.543 115 Q(Bootstrap T)299.54 102 Q(imer)-.385 E(Expires)299.54
115 Q(Recei)423.861 102 Q .33 -.165(ve N)-.275 H(on-).165 E
(preferred BSM)423.861 115 Q 503.992 119.75 72 119.75 DL(-> AP state)
158.543 130 Q(-> AA state)91.409 E(-> AP state)72.907 E F1(Action)85.845
162.5 Q F0 -.165(Fo)158.543 143 S(rw).165 E(ard BSM; Store)-.11 E
(RP-Set; Set Bootstrap)158.543 156 Q -.385(Ti)158.543 169 S(mer to BS_T)
.385 E(imeout;)-.385 E(Set SZT to)158.543 182 Q(SZ_T)158.543 195 Q
(imeout)-.385 E(Refresh RP-Set;)299.54 143 Q(Remo)299.54 156 Q .33 -.165
(ve B)-.165 H(SR state).165 E 503.992 199.75 72 199.75 DL 403.093 91.75
403.093 199.75 DL 278.772 91.75 278.772 199.75 DL 137.775 91.75 137.775
199.75 DL 503.992 76.75 503.992 199.75 DL 72 76.75 72 199.75 DL 2.75(Ar)
72 214 S
(outer that is not a Candidate-BSR may be in one of three states:)-2.75
E F1(NoInf)72 230.6 Q(o)-.275 E F0
(The router has no information about this scope zone.)97 243.6 Q
(This state does not apply if the router)5.5 E(is con\214gured to kno)97
256.6 Q 2.75(wa)-.275 G
(bout this scope zone, or for the global scope zone.)-2.75 E
(When in this)5.5 E(state, no state information is held and no timers r\
un that refer to this scope zone.)97 269.6 Q F1(Accept Any \(AA\))72
286.2 Q F0(The router does not kno)97 299.2 Q 2.75(wo)-.275 G 2.75(fa)
-2.75 G 2.75(na)-2.75 G(cti)-2.75 E .33 -.165(ve B)-.275 H
(SR, and will accept the \214rst Bootstrap message it).165 E(sees as gi)
97 312.2 Q(ving the ne)-.275 E 2.75(wB)-.275 G(SR')-2.75 E 2.75(si)-.605
G(dentity and the RP-Set.)-2.75 E F1(Accept Pr)72 328.8 Q(eferr)-.198 E
(ed \(AP\))-.198 E F0(The router kno)97 341.8 Q
(ws the identity of the current BSR, and is using the RP-Set pro)-.275 E
(vided by that)-.165 E 2.75(BSR. Only)97 354.8 R(Bootstrap messages fro\
m that BSR or from a C-BSR with higher weight than)2.75 E
(the current BSR will be accepted.)97 367.8 Q
(In addition to the three states, there are tw)72 384.4 Q 2.75(ot)-.11 G
(imers:)-2.75 E 7.15<8354>72 401 S(he Bootstrap T)-7.15 E
(imer \(BST\) - used to time out old bootstrap router information.)-.385
E 7.15<8354>72 417.6 S(he Scope-Zone Expiry T)-7.15 E
(imer \(SZT\) - used to time out the scope zone itself if Bootstrap)
-.385 E(messages specifying this scope zone stop arri)83 430.6 Q(ving.)
-.275 E(On startup, the initial state for this scope zone is "Accept An)
72 447.2 Q(y" for routers that kno)-.165 E 2.75(wa)-.275 G(bout this)
-2.75 E(scope zone, either through con\214guration or because the scope\
zone is the global scope which)72 460.2 Q(al)72 473.2 Q -.11(wa)-.11 G
(ys e).11 E(xists; the Scope-Zone Expiry T)-.165 E
(imer is considered to be al)-.385 E -.11(wa)-.11 G
(ys running for such scope).11 E 2.75(zones. F)72 486.2 R
(or routers that do not kno)-.165 E 2.75(wa)-.275 G
(bout a particular scope zone, the initial state is NoInfo; no)-2.75 E
(timers e)72 499.2 Q(xist for the scope zone.)-.165 E F1 2.75
(3.1.3. Bootstrap)72 525.2 R(Message Pr)2.75 E(ocessing Checks)-.198 E
F0(When a Bootstrap message is recei)72 541.8 Q -.165(ve)-.275 G
(d, the follo).165 E(wing initial checks must be performed:)-.275 E
(Bhaskar/Gall/Ling)72 769 Q(ard/V)-.055 E 190.869(enaas Section)-1.221 F
2.75(3.1.3. [P)2.75 F(age 11])-.165 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 12 12
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 11/Times-Roman@0 SF(INTERNET)72 49 Q 72.802(-DRAFT Expires:)-1.012 F
(August 2007)2.75 E(February 2007)103.569 E/F1 11/Courier@0 SF
(if \(\(DirectlyConnected\(BSM.src_ip_address\) == FALSE\) OR)72 85 Q
(\(we have no Hello state for BSM.src_ip_address\)\) {)105 98 Q
(drop the Bootstrap message silently)85.2 111 Q(})72 124 Q
(if \(BSM.dst_ip_address == ALL-PIM-ROUTERS\) {)72 150 Q
(if \(BSM.no_forward_bit == 0\) {)85.2 163 Q
(if \(BSM.src_ip_address != RPF_neighbor\(BSM.BSR_ip_address\)\) {)98.4
176 Q(drop the Bootstrap message silently)111.6 189 Q(})98.4 202 Q 6.6
(}e)85.2 215 S
(lse if \(\(any previous BSM for this scope has been accepted\) OR)-6.6
E(\(more than BS_Period has elapsed since startup\)\) {)157.8 228 Q(#)
98.4 241 Q F0(only accept no-forw)A(ard BSM if quick refresh on startup)
-.11 E F1(drop the Bootstrap message silently)98.4 254 Q(})85.2 267 Q
6.6(}e)72 280 S(lse if \(\(Unicast BSM support enabled\) AND)-6.6 E
(\(BSM.dst_ip_address is one of my addresses\)\) {)144.6 293 Q
(if \(\(any previous BSM for this scope has been accepted\) OR)85.2 306
Q(\(more than BS_Period has elapsed since startup\)\) {)111.6 319 Q(#)
98.4 332 Q F0(the pack)A(et w)-.11 E(as unicast, b)-.11 E(ut this w)-.22
E(asn')-.11 E(t)-.198 E F1(#)98.4 345 Q F0 2.75(aq)C
(uick refresh on startup)-2.75 E F1(drop the Bootstrap message silently)
98.4 358 Q(})85.2 371 Q 6.6(}e)72 384 S(lse {)-6.6 E
(drop the Bootstrap message silently)85.2 397 Q(})72 410 Q
(if \(the interface the message arrived on is an Admin Scope)72 436 Q
(border for the BSM.first_group_address\) {)98.4 449 Q
(drop the Bootstrap message silently)85.2 462 Q(})72 475 Q F0(Basically)
72 494 Q 2.75(,t)-.715 G(he pack)-2.75 E(et must ha)-.11 E .33 -.165
(ve c)-.22 H(ome from a directly connected neighbor for which we ha).165
E -.165(ve)-.22 G(acti)72 507 Q .33 -.165(ve H)-.275 H(ello state.).165
E(It must ha)5.5 E .33 -.165(ve b)-.22 H(een sent to the ALL-PIM-R).165
E(OUTERS group, and unless it is a)-.44 E(No-F)72 520 Q(orw)-.165 E
(ard BSM, been sent by the correct upstream router to)-.11 E -.11(wa)
-.275 G(rds the BSR that originated the).11 E(Bootstrap message; or)72
533 Q 2.75(,i)-.44 G 2.75(fi)-2.75 G 2.75(ti)-2.75 G 2.75(saN)-2.75 G
(o-F)-2.75 E(orw)-.165 E(ard BSM, we must ha)-.11 E .33 -.165(ve r)-.22
H(ecently restarted and ha).165 E .33 -.165(ve n)-.22 H(o).165 E
(BSR state for that admin scope.)72 546 Q
(Also, if unicast BSM support is enabled, a unicast BSM is)5.5 E
(accepted if it is addressed to us and we ha)72 559 Q .33 -.165(ve r)
-.22 H(ecently restarted and ha).165 E .33 -.165(ve n)-.22 H 2.75(oB)
.165 G(SR state for that)-2.75 E(admin scope.)72 572 Q
(In addition, it must not ha)5.5 E .33 -.165(ve a)-.22 H(rri).165 E
-.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75(do).165 G 2.75(na)-2.75 G 2.75(ni)-2.75 G(nterf)
-2.75 E(ace that is a con\214gured admin)-.11 E(scope border for the \
\214rst group address contained in the Bootstrap message.)72 585 Q/F2 11
/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.75(3.1.4. State)72 611 R(Machine T)2.75 E
(ransition Ev)-.814 E(ents)-.11 E F0
(If the Bootstrap message passes the initial checks abo)72 627.6 Q .33
-.165(ve w)-.165 H(ithout being discarded, then it may).165 E
(cause a state transition e)72 640.6 Q -.165(ve)-.275 G
(nt in one of the abo).165 E .33 -.165(ve s)-.165 H(tate machines.).165
E -.165(Fo)5.5 G 2.75(rb).165 G(oth candidate and non-)-2.75 E
(candidate BSRs, the follo)72 653.6 Q(wing transition e)-.275 E -.165
(ve)-.275 G(nts are de\214ned:).165 E F2(Recei)97 670.2 Q .22 -.11(ve P)
-.11 H -.198(re).11 G(ferr).198 E(ed BSM)-.198 E F0 2.75(AB)122 683.2 S
(ootstrap message is recei)-2.75 E -.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75(df).165 G
(rom a BSR that has higher or equal weight than the)-2.75 E
(current BSR.)122 696.2 Q
(If a router is in P-BSR state, then it uses its o)5.5 E
(wn weight as that of the)-.275 E(current BSR.)122 709.2 Q
(Bhaskar/Gall/Ling)72 769 Q(ard/V)-.055 E 190.869(enaas Section)-1.221 F
2.75(3.1.4. [P)2.75 F(age 12])-.165 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 13 13
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 11/Times-Roman@0 SF(INTERNET)72 49 Q 72.802(-DRAFT Expires:)-1.012 F
(August 2007)2.75 E(February 2007)103.569 E 2.75(AB)122 85 S(ootstrap m\
essage is also preferred if it is from the current BSR with a lo)-2.75 E
(wer)-.275 E(weight than the pre)122 98 Q(vious BSM it sent, pro)-.275 E
(vided that if the router is a Candidate BSR)-.165 E(the current BSR st\
ill has a weight higher or equal than the router itself.)122 111 Q
(In this case,)5.5 E(the "Current Bootstrap Router')122 124 Q 2.75(sB)
-.605 G(SR Priority" state must be updated.)-2.75 E(\(F)5.5 E(or lo)
-.165 E(wer)-.275 E
(weight, see Non-preferred BSM from Elected BSR case.\))122 137 Q
(The weight of a BSR is de\214ned to be the concatenation in \214x)122
163 Q(ed-precision unsigned)-.165 E(arithmetic of the BSR Priority \214\
eld from the Bootstrap message and the IP address of)122 176 Q(the BSR \
from the Bootstrap message \(with the BSR Priority taking the most-)122
189 Q(signi\214cant bits and the IP address taking the least signi\214c\
ant bits\).)122 202 Q/F1 11/Times-Bold@0 SF(Recei)97 218.6 Q .22 -.11
(ve N)-.11 H(on-pr).11 E(eferr)-.198 E(ed BSM)-.198 E F0 2.75(AB)122
231.6 S(ootstrap message is recei)-2.75 E -.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75(df).165
G(rom a BSR that has lo)-2.75 E(wer weight than the current)-.275 E 2.75
(BSR. If)122 244.6 R 2.75(ar)2.75 G
(outer is in P-BSR state, then it uses its o)-2.75 E
(wn weight as that of the current)-.275 E(BSR.)122 257.6 Q F1(Recei)97
274.2 Q .22 -.11(ve N)-.11 H(on-pr).11 E(eferr)-.198 E(ed BSM fr)-.198 E
(om Elected BSR)-.198 E F0 2.75(AB)122 287.2 S
(ootstrap message is recei)-2.75 E -.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75(df).165 G
(rom the elected BSR, b)-2.75 E(ut the BSR Priority \214eld in)-.22 E
(the recei)122 300.2 Q -.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75(dm).165 G
(essage has changed, so that no)-2.75 E 2.75(wt)-.275 G
(he currently elected BSR has lo)-2.75 E(wer)-.275 E
(weight that the router itself.)122 313.2 Q F1(Recei)97 329.8 Q .22 -.11
(ve B)-.11 H(SM).11 E F0 2.75(AB)122 342.8 S(ootstrap message is recei)
-2.75 E -.165(ve)-.275 G(d, re).165 E -.055(ga)-.165 G
(rdless of BSR weight.).055 E(In addition to state machine transitions \
caused by the receipt of Bootstrap messages, a state)72 359.4 Q
(machine transition tak)72 372.4 Q(es place each time the Bootstrap T)
-.11 E(imer or Scope-Zone Expiry T)-.385 E(imer)-.385 E -.165(ex)72
385.4 S(pires.).165 E F1 2.75(3.1.5. State)72 411.4 R(Machine Actions)
2.75 E F0(The state machines specify actions that include setting the B\
ootstrap T)72 428 Q(imer and the Scope-Zone)-.385 E(Expiry T)72 441 Q
(imer to v)-.385 E(arious v)-.275 E 2.75(alues. These)-.275 F -.275(va)
2.75 G(lues are de\214ned in Section 5.).275 E
(In addition to setting and cancelling the timers, the follo)72 457.6 Q
(wing actions may be triggered by state)-.275 E
(changes in the state machines:)72 470.6 Q F1 -.275(Fo)97 487.2 S
(rward BSM).275 E F0 2.75(Am)122 500.2 S
(ulticast Bootstrap message with No-F)-2.75 E(orw)-.165 E
(ard bit cleared that passes the Bootstrap)-.11 E
(Message Processing Checks is forw)122 513.2 Q(arded out of all interf)
-.11 E(aces with PIM neighbors)-.11 E(\(including the interf)122 526.2 Q
(ace it is recei)-.11 E -.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75(do).165 G(n\), e)-2.75 E
(xcept where this w)-.165 E(ould cause the BSM to)-.11 E(cross an admin\
-scope boundary for the scope zone indicated in the message.)122 539.2 Q
-.165(Fo)5.5 G(r).165 E(details, see section 3.4.)122 552.2 Q F1
(Originate BSM)97 581.8 Q F0 2.75(An)122 594.8 S .55 -.275(ew B)-2.75 H
(ootstrap message is constructed by the BSR, gi).275 E(ving the BSR')
-.275 E 2.75(sa)-.605 G(ddress and)-2.75 E(BSR priority)122 607.8 Q 2.75
(,a)-.715 G(nd containing the BSR')-2.75 E 2.75(sc)-.605 G
(hosen RP-Set.)-2.75 E(The message is forw)5.5 E(arded out)-.11 E
(of all interf)122 620.8 Q(aces on which PIM neighbors e)-.11 E(xist, e)
-.165 E(xcept where this w)-.165 E(ould cause the)-.11 E(BSM to cross a\
n admin-scope boundary for the scope zone indicated in the message.)122
633.8 Q F1(Stor)97 650.4 Q 2.75(eR)-.198 G(P-Set)-2.75 E F0(The router \
uses the group-to-RP mappings contained in a BSM to update its local RP\
-)122 663.4 Q(Set.)122 676.4 Q(This action is skipped for an empty BSM.)
122 702.4 Q 2.75(AB)5.5 G(SM is empty if it contains no group)-2.75 E(r\
anges, or if it only contains a single group range where that group ran\
ge has the)122 715.4 Q(Bhaskar/Gall/Ling)72 769 Q(ard/V)-.055 E 190.869
(enaas Section)-1.221 F 2.75(3.1.5. [P)2.75 F(age 13])-.165 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 14 14
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 11/Times-Roman@0 SF(INTERNET)72 49 Q 72.802(-DRAFT Expires:)-1.012 F
(August 2007)2.75 E(February 2007)103.569 E
(Admin Scope Zone bit set \(a scoped BSM\) and an RP count of zero.)122
85 Q(If a mapping does not yet e)122 111 Q
(xist, it is created and the associated Group-to-RP mapping)-.165 E
(Expiry T)122 124 Q
(imer \(GET\) is initialized with the holdtime from the BSM.)-.385 E
(If a mapping already e)122 150 Q
(xists, its GET is set to the holdtime from the BSM.)-.165 E(If the)5.5
E(holdtime is zero, the mapping is remo)122 163 Q -.165(ve)-.165 G 2.75
(di).165 G(mmediately)-2.75 E 5.5(.N)-.715 G(ote that for an e)-5.5 E
(xisting)-.165 E(mapping, the RP priority must be updated if changed.)
122 176 Q(Mappings for a group range are also to be immediately remo)122
202 Q -.165(ve)-.165 G 2.75(di).165 G 2.75(ft)-2.75 G(he)-2.75 E 2.75
(ya)-.165 G(re not present)-2.75 E(in the recei)122 215 Q -.165(ve)-.275
G 2.75(dg).165 G(roup range.)-2.75 E(This means that if there are an)5.5
E 2.75(ye)-.165 G(xisting Group-to-RP)-2.915 E
(mappings for a range where the respecti)122 228 Q .33 -.165(ve R)-.275
H(Ps are not in the recei).165 E -.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75(dr).165 G
(ange, then)-2.75 E(those mappings must be remo)122 241 Q -.165(ve)-.165
G(d.).165 E(All RP mappings associated with the scope zone of the BSM a\
re updated with the ne)122 267 Q(w)-.275 E
(hash mask length from the recei)122 280 Q -.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75(dB).165
G 2.75(SM. This)-2.75 F(includes RP mappings for all group)2.75 E(range\
s learned for this zone, not just the ranges in this particular BSM.)122
293 Q(In addition, the entire BSM is stored for use in the action Refre\
sh RP-Set and to prime)122 319 Q 2.75(an)122 332 S .55 -.275(ew P)-2.75
H(IM neighbor as described belo).275 E -.715(w.)-.275 G/F1 11
/Times-Bold@0 SF(Refr)97 348.6 Q(esh RP-Set)-.198 E F0
(When the Bootstrap T)122 361.6 Q(imer e)-.385 E
(xpires, the router uses the cop)-.165 E 2.75(yo)-.11 G 2.75(ft)-2.75 G
(he last BSM that it has)-2.75 E(recei)122 374.6 Q -.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75
(dt).165 G 2.75(or)-2.75 G(efresh its RP-Set according to the action St\
ore RP-Set as if it had just)-2.75 E(recei)122 387.6 Q -.165(ve)-.275 G
2.75(di).165 G 2.75(t. This)-2.75 F
(will increase the chance that the group-to-RP mappings will not)2.75 E
-.165(ex)122 400.6 S(pire during the election of the ne).165 E 2.75(wB)
-.275 G(SR.)-2.75 E F1(Remo)97 417.2 Q .22 -.11(ve B)-.11 H(SR state).11
E F0(When the Bootstrap T)122 430.2 Q(imer e)-.385 E
(xpires, all state associated with the current BSR is)-.165 E(remo)122
443.2 Q -.165(ve)-.165 G 2.75(d\().165 G(see section 2\).)-2.75 E
(Note that this does not include an)5.5 E 2.75(yg)-.165 G
(roup-to-RP mappings.)-2.75 E F1(3.2.)72 469.2 Q/F2 13/Times-Bold@0 SF
(Sending Candidate-RP-Adv)5.5 E(ertisement Messages)-.13 E F0(Ev)72
485.8 Q(ery C-RP periodically unicasts a C-RP-Adv message to the BSR fo\
r each scope zone for which)-.165 E
(it has state, to inform the BSR of the C-RP')72 498.8 Q 2.75(sw)-.605 G
(illingness to function as an RP)-2.75 E 5.5(.T)-1.221 G(hese messages)
-5.5 E(are sent with an interv)72 511.8 Q(al of C_RP_Adv_Period, e)-.275
E(xcept when a ne)-.165 E 2.75(wB)-.275 G(SR is elected, see belo)-2.75
E -.715(w.)-.275 G(When a ne)72 528.4 Q 2.75(wB)-.275 G
(SR is elected, the C-RP MUST send one to three C-RP-Adv messages, w)
-2.75 E(aiting a)-.11 E(small randomized period C_RP_Adv_Back)72 541.4 Q
(of)-.11 E 2.75(fb)-.275 G(efore sending each message.)-2.75 E 1.76 -.88
(We r)5.5 H(ecommend).88 E(sending three messages because it is importa\
nt that the BSR quickly learns which RPs are acti)72 554.4 Q -.165(ve)
-.275 G(,).165 E(and some pack)72 567.4 Q(et loss may occur when a ne)
-.11 E 2.75(wB)-.275 G(SR is elected due to changes in the netw)-2.75 E
2.75(ork. One)-.11 F -.11(wa)72 580.4 S 2.75(yo).11 G 2.75(fi)-2.75 G
(mplementing this is to set the CRPT to C_RP_Adv_Back)-2.75 E(of)-.11 E
2.75(fw)-.275 G(hen the ne)-2.75 E 2.75(wB)-.275 G(SR is)-2.75 E
(elected, as well as setting a counter to 2.)72 593.4 Q(Whene)5.5 E
-.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75(rt).165 G(he CRPT e)-2.75 E
(xpires, we \214rst send a C-RP-Adv)-.165 E(message as usual.)72 606.4 Q
(Ne)5.5 E
(xt, if the counter is non-zero, it is decremented and the CRPT is ag)
-.165 E(ain set to)-.055 E(C_RP_Adv_Back)72 619.4 Q(of)-.11 E 2.75(fi)
-.275 G(nstead of C_RP_Adv_Period.)-2.75 E(The Priority \214eld in thes\
e messages is used by the BSR to select which C-RPs to include in the)72
636 Q 2.75(RP-Set. Note)72 649 R(that lo)2.75 E(wer v)-.275 E
(alues of this \214eld indicate higher priorities, so that a v)-.275 E
(alue of zero is the)-.275 E(highest possible priority)72 662 Q 5.5(.C)
-.715 G(-RPs should by def)-5.5 E
(ault send C-RP-Adv messages with the Priority)-.11 E
(\214eld set to 192.)72 675 Q(When a C-RP is being shut do)72 691.6 Q
(wn, it SHOULD immediately send a C-RP-Adv message to the)-.275 E(BSR f\
or each scope zone for which it is currently serving as an RP; the Hold\
time in this C-RP-)72 704.6 Q(Adv message should be zero.)72 717.6 Q
(The BSR will then immediately time out the C-RP and generate a)5.5 E
(Bhaskar/Gall/Ling)72 769 Q(ard/V)-.055 E 199.119(enaas Section)-1.221 F
2.75(3.2. [P)2.75 F(age 14])-.165 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 15 15
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 11/Times-Roman@0 SF(INTERNET)72 49 Q 72.802(-DRAFT Expires:)-1.012 F
(August 2007)2.75 E(February 2007)103.569 E(ne)72 85 Q 2.75(wB)-.275 G
(ootstrap message with the shut do)-2.75 E(wn RP holdtime set to 0.)
-.275 E 2.75(AC)72 101.6 S(-RP-Adv message carries a list of group addr\
ess and group mask \214eld pairs.)-2.75 E(This enables the)5.5 E
(C-RP to specify the group pre\214x)72 114.6 Q
(es for which it is willing to be the RP)-.165 E 5.5(.I)-1.221 G 2.75
(ft)-5.5 G(he C-RP becomes an)-2.75 E(RP)72 127.6 Q 2.75(,i)-1.221 G
2.75(tm)-2.75 G(ay enforce this scope acceptance when recei)-2.75 E
(ving Re)-.275 E(gister or Join/Prune messages.)-.165 E 2.75(AC)72 144.2
S(-RP is con\214gured with a list of group ranges for which it should a\
dv)-2.75 E(ertise itself as the C-RP)-.165 E(.)-1.221 E 2.75(AC)72 157.2
S(-RP uses the follo)-2.75 E
(wing algorithm to determine which ranges to send to a gi)-.275 E -.165
(ve)-.275 G 2.75(nB).165 G(SR.)-2.75 E -.165(Fo)72 173.8 S 2.75(re).165
G(ach group range R in the list, the C-RP adv)-2.75 E
(ertises that range to the scoped BSR for the)-.165 E
(smallest scope that "contains" R.)72 186.8 Q -.165(Fo)5.5 G 2.75(rI)
.165 G(Pv6, the containing scope is determined by matching the)-2.75 E
(scope identi\214er of the group range with the scope of the BSR.)72
199.8 Q -.165(Fo)5.5 G 2.75(rI).165 G(Pv4, it is the longest-pre\214x)
-2.75 E(match for R, amongst the kno)72 212.8 Q(wn admin-scope ranges.)
-.275 E(If no scope is found to contain the group)5.5 E
(range the C-RP includes it in the C-RP-Adv sent to the non-scoped BSR.)
72 225.8 Q(If a non-scoped BSR is)5.5 E(not kno)72 238.8 Q
(wn, the range is not included in an)-.275 E 2.75(yC)-.165 G(-RP-Adv)
-2.75 E(.)-.715 E(In addition, for each IPv4 group range R in the list,\
for each scoped BSR whose scope range is)72 255.4 Q
(strictly contained within R, the C-RP SHOULD by def)72 268.4 Q
(ault adv)-.11 E(ertise that BSR')-.165 E 2.75(ss)-.605 G(cope range to)
-2.75 E(that BSR.)72 281.4 Q(And for each IPv6 group range R in the lis\
t with pre\214x length < 16, the C-RP)5.5 E(SHOULD by def)72 294.4 Q
(ault adv)-.11 E
(ertise each sub-range of pre\214x length 16 to the scoped BSR with the)
-.165 E(corresponding scope ID.)72 307.4 Q(An implementation MA)5.5 E
2.75(Ys)-1.155 G(upply a con\214guration option to pre)-2.75 E -.165(ve)
-.275 G(nt the).165 E(beha)72 320.4 Q
(vior described in this paragraph, b)-.22 E
(ut such an option SHOULD be disabled by def)-.22 E(ault.)-.11 E -.165
(Fo)72 337 S 2.75(rI).165 G(Pv6, the mask length of all group ranges in\
cluded in the C-RP-Adv message sent to a scoped)-2.75 E
(BSR MUST be >= 16.)72 350 Q(If the abo)72 366.6 Q .33 -.165(ve a)-.165
H(lgorithm determines that there are no group ranges to adv).165 E
(ertise to the BSR for a)-.165 E
(particular scope zone, a C-RP-Adv message MUST NO)72 379.6 Q 2.75(Tb)
-.44 G 2.75(es)-2.75 G(ent to that BSR.)-2.75 E 2.75(AC)5.5 G(-RP MUST)
-2.75 E(NO)72 392.6 Q 2.75(Ts)-.44 G
(end a C-RP-Adv message with no group ranges in it.)-2.75 E(If the same\
router is the BSR for more than one scope zone, the C-RP-Adv messages \
for these)72 409.2 Q(scope zones MA)72 422.2 Q 2.75(Yb)-1.155 G 2.75(ec)
-2.75 G(ombined into a single message.)-2.75 E(If the C-RP is a ZBR for\
an admin scope zone, then the Admin Scope Zone bit MUST be set in)72
438.8 Q(the C-RP-Adv messages it sends for that scope zone; otherwise t\
his bit MUST NO)72 451.8 Q 2.75(Tb)-.44 G 2.75(es)-2.75 G 2.75(et. This)
-2.75 F
(information is currently only used for logging purposes by the BSR, b)
72 464.8 Q(ut might allo)-.22 E 2.75(wf)-.275 G(or future)-2.75 E -.165
(ex)72 477.8 S(tensions of the protocol.).165 E/F1 11/Times-Bold@0 SF
(3.3.)72 503.8 Q/F2 13/Times-Bold@0 SF(Cr)5.5 E
(eating the RP-Set at the BSR)-.234 E F0(Upon recei)72 520.4 Q(ving a C\
-RP-Adv message, the router needs to decide whether or not to accept ea\
ch of)-.275 E(the group ranges included in the message.)72 533.4 Q -.165
(Fo)5.5 G 2.75(re).165 G
(ach group range in the message, the router checks)-2.75 E
(to see if it is the elected BSR for an)72 546.4 Q 2.75(ys)-.165 G
(cope zone that contains the group range, or if it is elected)-2.75 E
(as the non-scoped BSR.)72 559.4 Q(If so, the group range is accepted; \
if not, the group range is ignored.)5.5 E -.165(Fo)72 576 S 2.75(rs).165
G(ecurity reasons, we recommend that implementations ha)-2.75 E .33
-.165(ve a w)-.22 H(ay of restricting which IP).055 E
(addresses the BSR accepts C-RP-Adv messages from, e.g., access lists.)
72 589 Q -.165(Fo)5.5 G 2.75(ru).165 G(se of scoped BSR, it)-2.75 E
(may also be useful to specify which group ranges should be accepted.)72
602 Q(If the group range is accepted, a group-to-C-RP mapping is create\
d for this group range and the)72 618.6 Q
(RP Address from the C-RP-Adv message.)72 631.6 Q(If the mapping is not\
already part of the C-RP-Set, it is added to the C-RP-Set and the asso\
ciated)72 648.2 Q(Group-to-C-RP mapping Expiry T)72 661.2 Q
(imer \(CGET\) is initialized to the holdtime from the C-RP-Adv)-.385 E
2.75(message. Its)72 674.2 R
(priority is set to the Priority from the C-RP-Adv message.)2.75 E(If t\
he mapping is already part of the C-RP-Set, it is updated with the Prio\
rity from the C-RP-Adv)72 690.8 Q(message and its associated CGET is re\
set to the holdtime from the C-RP-Adv message.)72 703.8 Q(If the)5.5 E
(holdtime is zero, the mapping is immediately remo)72 716.8 Q -.165(ve)
-.165 G 2.75(df).165 G(rom the C-RP-Set.)-2.75 E(Bhaskar/Gall/Ling)72
769 Q(ard/V)-.055 E 199.119(enaas Section)-1.221 F 2.75(3.3. [P)2.75 F
(age 15])-.165 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 16 16
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 11/Times-Roman@0 SF(INTERNET)72 49 Q 72.802(-DRAFT Expires:)-1.012 F
(August 2007)2.75 E(February 2007)103.569 E(The hash mask length is a g\
lobal property of the BSR and is therefore the same for all mappings)72
85 Q(managed by the BSR.)72 98 Q -.165(Fo)72 114.6 S 2.75(rc).165 G
(ompatibility with the pre)-2.75 E(vious v)-.275 E
(ersion of the BSR speci\214cation, a C-RP-Adv message with)-.165 E(no \
group ranges SHOULD be treated as though it contained the single group \
range f)72 127.6 Q(f00::/8 or)-.275 E 2.75(224/4. Therefore,)72 140.6 R
(according to the rule abo)2.75 E -.165(ve)-.165 G 2.75(,t).165 G
(his group range will be accepted if and only if the)-2.75 E
(router is elected as the non-scoped BSR.)72 153.6 Q(When a CGET e)72
170.2 Q(xpires, the corresponding group-to-C-RP mapping is remo)-.165 E
-.165(ve)-.165 G 2.75(df).165 G(rom the C-RP-)-2.75 E(Set.)72 183.2 Q
(The BSR constructs the RP-Set from the C-RP-Set.)72 199.8 Q
(It may apply a local polic)5.5 E 2.75(yt)-.165 G 2.75(ol)-2.75 G
(imit the)-2.75 E(number of Candidate-RPs included in the RP-Set.)72
212.8 Q(The BSR may o)5.5 E -.165(ve)-.165 G
(rride the pre\214x indicated in).165 E 2.75(aC)72 225.8 S(-RP-Adv mess\
age unless the `Priority' \214eld from the C-RP-Adv message is less tha\
n 128.)-2.75 E(If the BSR learns of both BIDIR and PIM-SM Candidate-RPs\
for the same group range, the BSR)72 242.4 Q
(MUST only include RPs for one of the protocols in the BSMs. The def)72
255.4 Q(ault beha)-.11 E(vior SHOULD be)-.22 E(to prefer BIDIR.)72 268.4
Q -.165(Fo)72 285 S 2.75(ri).165 G
(nclusion in a BSM, the RP-Set is subdi)-2.75 E
(vided into sets of {group-pre\214x, RP-Count, RP-)-.275 E 2.75
(addresses}. F)72 298 R(or each RP-address, the "RP-Holdtime" \214eld i\
s set to the Holdtime from the C-RP-)-.165 E
(Set, subject to the constraint that it MUST be lar)72 311 Q
(ger than BS_Period and SHOULD be lar)-.198 E(ger than)-.198 E
(2.5 times BS_Period to allo)72 324 Q 2.75(wf)-.275 G
(or some Bootstrap messages getting lost.)-2.75 E
(If some holdtimes from)5.5 E(the C-RP-Sets do not satisfy this constra\
int, the BSR MUST replace those holdtimes with a v)72 337 Q(alue)-.275 E
(satisfying the constraint.)72 350 Q(An e)5.5 E
(xception to this is the holdtime of zero which is used to)-.165 E
(immediately withdra)72 363 Q 2.75(wm)-.165 G(appings.)-2.75 E
(The format of the Bootstrap message allo)72 379.6 Q
(ws `semantic fragmentation', if the length of the original)-.275 E
(Bootstrap message e)72 392.6 Q(xceeds the pack)-.165 E
(et maximum boundaries.)-.11 E(Ho)5.5 E(we)-.275 E -.165(ve)-.275 G .88
-.44(r, w).165 H 2.75(er).44 G(ecommend ag)-2.75 E(ainst)-.055 E
(con\214guring a lar)72 405.6 Q(ge number of routers as C-RPs, to reduc\
e the semantic fragmentation required.)-.198 E
(In general BSMs are originated at re)72 422.2 Q(gular interv)-.165 E
(als according to the BS_Period timer)-.275 E 5.5(.W)-.605 G 2.75(ed)
-6.38 G(o)-2.75 E(recommend that a BSM is also originated whene)72 435.2
Q -.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75(rt).165 G(he RP-set to be announced in the BSMs)
-2.75 E 2.75(changes. This)72 448.2 R(will usually happen when recei)
2.75 E(ving C-RP adv)-.275 E(ertisements from a ne)-.165 E 2.75(wC)-.275
G(-RP)-2.75 E 2.75(,o)-1.221 G(r)-2.75 E(when a C-RP is shut do)72 461.2
Q(wn \(C-RP adv)-.275 E(ertisement with a holdtime of zero\).)-.165 E
(There MUST ho)5.5 E(we)-.275 E -.165(ve)-.275 G(r).165 E
(be a minimum of BS_Min_Interv)72 474.2 Q
(al between each time a BSM is sent.)-.275 E(In particular)5.5 E 2.75
(,w)-.44 G(hen a ne)-2.75 E(w)-.275 E
(BSR is elected, it will \214rst send one BSM \(which is lik)72 487.2 Q
(ely to be empty since it has not yet)-.11 E(recei)72 500.2 Q -.165(ve)
-.275 G 2.75(da).165 G .33 -.165(ny C)-2.75 H(-RP adv).165 E
(ertisements\), and then w)-.165 E(ait at least BS_Min_Interv)-.11 E
(al before sending a ne)-.275 E(w)-.275 E 2.75(one. During)72 513.2 R
(that time, it is lik)2.75 E(ely to ha)-.11 E .33 -.165(ve r)-.22 H
(ecei).165 E -.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75(dC).165 G(-RP adv)-2.75 E
(ertisements from all usable C-RPs)-.165 E
(\(since we say that a C-RP should send one or more adv)72 526.2 Q
(ertisements with small random delays of)-.165 E(C_RP_Adv_Back)72 539.2
Q(of)-.11 E 2.75(fw)-.275 G(hen a ne)-2.75 E 2.75(wB)-.275 G
(SR is elected\).)-2.75 E -.165(Fo)5.5 G 2.75(rt).165 G
(his case in particular)-2.75 E 2.75(,w)-.44 G(here routers may)-2.75 E
(not ha)72 552.2 Q .33 -.165(ve a u)-.22 H
(sable RP-set, we recommend originating a BSM as soon as BS_Min_Interv)
.165 E(al has)-.275 E 2.75(passed. W)72 565.2 R 2.75(es)-.88 G
(uggest though that a BSR can do this in general.)-2.75 E(One w)5.5 E
(ay of implementing this, is)-.11 E(to decrease the Bootstrap T)72 578.2
Q(imer to BS_Min_Interv)-.385 E(al whene)-.275 E -.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75
(rt).165 G(he RP-set changes, while not)-2.75 E
(changing the timer if it is less or equal to BS_Min_Interv)72 591.2 Q
(al.)-.275 E 2.75(AB)72 607.8 S(SR originates separate scoped BSMs for \
each scope zone for which it is the elected BSR, as)-2.75 E(well as ori\
ginating non-scoped BSMs if it is the elected non-scoped BSR.)72 620.8 Q
(Each group-to-C-RP mapping is included in precisely one of these BSM, \
namely the scoped BSM)72 637.4 Q(for the narro)72 650.4 Q
(west scope containing the group range of the mapping, if an)-.275 E
1.43 -.715(y, o)-.165 H 2.75(rt).715 G(he non-scoped)-2.75 E
(BSM otherwise.)72 663.4 Q 2.75(As)72 680 S(coped BSM MUST ha)-2.75 E
.33 -.165(ve a)-.22 H 2.75(tl).165 G
(east one group range, and the \214rst group range in a scoped BSM)-2.75
E(MUST ha)72 693 Q .33 -.165(ve t)-.22 H(he "Admin Scope Zone" bit set.)
.165 E(This group range identi\214es the scope of the BSM.)5.5 E(In a s\
coped IPv4 BSM, the \214rst group range is the range corresponding to t\
he scope of the BSM.)72 706 Q
(In a scoped IPv6 BSM, the \214rst group range may be an)72 719 Q 2.75
(yg)-.165 G(roup range subject to the general)-2.75 E(Bhaskar/Gall/Ling)
72 769 Q(ard/V)-.055 E 199.119(enaas Section)-1.221 F 2.75(3.3. [P)2.75
F(age 16])-.165 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 17 17
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 11/Times-Roman@0 SF(INTERNET)72 49 Q 72.802(-DRAFT Expires:)-1.012 F
(August 2007)2.75 E(February 2007)103.569 E
(condition that all the group ranges in such a BSM MUST ha)72 85 Q .33
-.165(ve a m)-.22 H(ask length of at least 16 and).165 E(MUST ha)72 98 Q
.33 -.165(ve t)-.22 H(he same scope ID as the scope of the BSM.).165 E(\
Apart from identifying the scope, the \214rst group range in a scoped B\
SM is treated lik)72 114.6 Q 2.75(ea)-.11 G .33 -.165(ny o)-2.75 H(ther)
.165 E(range with respect to RP mappings.)72 127.6 Q
(I.e., all mappings in the RP-set for this group range, if an)5.5 E
-.715(y,)-.165 G
(must be included in this \214rst group range in the BSM.)72 140.6 Q
(After this group range, other group ranges)5.5 E
(in this scope for which there are RP mappings appear in an)72 153.6 Q
2.75(yo)-.165 G(rder)-2.75 E(.)-.605 E(The "Admin Scope Zone" bit of al\
l group ranges other than the \214rst SHOULD be set to 0 on)72 170.2 Q
(origination, and MUST be ignored on receipt.)72 183.2 Q
(When an elected BSR is being shut do)72 199.8 Q
(wn, it should immediately originate a Bootstrap message)-.275 E
(listing its current RP-Set, b)72 212.8 Q
(ut with the BSR Priority \214eld set to the lo)-.22 E(west priority v)
-.275 E(alue possible.)-.275 E(This will cause the election of a ne)72
225.8 Q 2.75(wB)-.275 G(SR to happen more quickly)-2.75 E(.)-.715 E/F1
11/Times-Bold@0 SF(3.4.)72 251.8 Q/F2 13/Times-Bold@0 SF -.325(Fo)5.5 G
(rwarding Bootstrap Messages).325 E F0(Generally)72 268.4 Q 2.75(,b)
-.715 G(ootstrap messages originate at the BSR, and are hop-by-hop forw)
-2.75 E(arded by)-.11 E(intermediate routers if the)72 281.4 Q 2.75(yp)
-.165 G(ass the Bootstrap Message Processing Checks.)-2.75 E
(There are tw)5.5 E(o)-.11 E -.165(ex)72 294.4 S(ceptions to this.).165
E(One is that a bootstrap message is not forw)5.5 E(arded if its No-F)
-.11 E(orw)-.165 E(ard bit is set,)-.11 E(see 3.5.1.)72 307.4 Q
(The other is that unicast BSMs, see 3.5.2, are usually not forw)5.5 E
2.75(arded. Implementers)-.11 F(MA)72 320.4 Q 2.838 -1.419(Y, h)-1.155 H
-.275(ow)1.419 G -2.365 -.275(ev e).275 H .88 -.44(r, a).275 H 2.75(tt)
.44 G(heir o)-2.75 E(wn discretion choose to re-send a No-F)-.275 E(orw)
-.165 E(ard or unicast BSM in a)-.11 E(multicast BSM which MUST ha)72
333.4 Q .33 -.165(ve t)-.22 H(he No-F).165 E(orw)-.165 E
(ard bit cleared.)-.11 E(It is essential that the No-)5.5 E -.165(Fo)72
346.4 S(rw).165 E
(ard bit is cleared, since no RPF check is performed by the recei)-.11 E
-.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75(rw).165 G(hen set.)-2.75 E(By hop-by-hop forw)72
363 Q(arding, we mean that the bootstrap message itself is forw)-.11 E
(arded, not the entire)-.11 E(IP pack)72 376 Q 2.75(et. Each)-.11 F
(hop constructs an IP pack)2.75 E(et for each of the interf)-.11 E
(aces the BSM is to be forw)-.11 E(arded)-.11 E(out of; each pack)72 389
Q(et containing the entire BSM that w)-.11 E(as recei)-.11 E -.165(ve)
-.275 G(d.).165 E(When a Bootstrap message is forw)72 405.6 Q
(arded, it is forw)-.11 E(arded out of e)-.11 E -.165(ve)-.275 G
(ry multicast-capable interf).165 E(ace)-.11 E
(which has PIM neighbors \(including the one o)72 418.6 Q -.165(ve)-.165
G 2.75(rw).165 G(hich the message w)-2.75 E(as recei)-.11 E -.165(ve)
-.275 G 2.75(d\). The).165 F -.165(ex)72 431.6 S
(ception to this is if the interf).165 E(ace is an administrati)-.11 E
.33 -.165(ve s)-.275 H(cope boundary for the admin scope zone).165 E
(indicated in the \214rst group address in the Bootstrap message pack)72
444.6 Q(et.)-.11 E(As an optimization, a router MA)72 461.2 Q 2.75(Yc)
-1.155 G(hoose not to forw)-2.75 E(ard a BSM out of the interf)-.11 E
(ace the message)-.11 E -.11(wa)72 474.2 S 2.75(sr).11 G(ecei)-2.75 E
-.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75(do).165 G 2.75(ni)-2.75 G 2.75(ft)-2.75 G
(hat interf)-2.75 E(ace is a point-to-point interf)-.11 E 2.75(ace. On)
-.11 F(interf)2.75 E(aces with multiple PIM)-.11 E
(neighbors, a router SHOULD forw)72 487.2 Q
(ard an accepted BSM onto the interf)-.11 E(ace that BSM w)-.11 E(as)
-.11 E(recei)72 500.2 Q -.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75(do).165 G(n, b)-2.75 E
(ut if the number of PIM neighbors on that interf)-.22 E(ace is lar)-.11
E(ge, it MA)-.198 E 2.75(Yd)-1.155 G(elay)-2.75 E(forw)72 513.2 Q
(arding a BSM onto that interf)-.11 E(ace by a small randomized interv)
-.11 E(al to pre)-.275 E -.165(ve)-.275 G(nt message).165 E 2.75
(implosion. A)72 526.2 R(con\214guration option MA)2.75 E 2.75(Yb)-1.155
G 2.75(ep)-2.75 G(ro)-2.75 E(vided to disable forw)-.165 E
(arding onto the interf)-.11 E(ace a)-.11 E(message w)72 539.2 Q
(as recei)-.11 E -.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75(do).165 G(n, b)-2.75 E
(ut we recommend that the def)-.22 E(ault beha)-.11 E(vior is to forw)
-.22 E(ard onto that)-.11 E(interf)72 552.2 Q(ace.)-.11 E/F3 11
/Times-Italic@0 SF(Rationale: A BSM needs to be forwar)72 568.8 Q
(ded onto the interface the messa)-.407 E .22 -.11(ge w)-.11 H(as r).11
E(eceived on \(in)-.407 E
(addition to the other interfaces\) because the r)72 581.8 Q(outer)-.495
E 2.75(so)-.11 G 2.75(naL)-2.75 G(AN may not have consistent r)-2.75 E
(outing)-.495 E 2.75(information. If)72 594.8 R(thr)2.75 E(ee r)-.407 E
(outer)-.495 E 2.75(so)-.11 G 2.75(naL)-2.75 G(AN ar)-2.75 E 2.75(eA)
-.407 G 2.75(,B)-2.75 G 2.75(,a)-2.75 G(nd C, and at r)-2.75 E
(outer B RPF\(BSR\)==A and at)-.495 E -.495(ro)72 607.8 S
(uter C RPF\(BSR\)==B, then r).495 E(outer A originally forwar)-.495 E
(ds the BSM onto the LAN, b)-.407 E(ut r)-.22 E(outer C)-.495 E
(will only accept it when r)72 620.8 Q(outer B r)-.495 E(e-forwar)-.407
E(ds the messa)-.407 E .22 -.11(ge o)-.11 H(nto the LAN.).11 E
(If the underlying r)5.5 E(outing)-.495 E(pr)72 633.8 Q
(otocol con\214gur)-.495 E(ation guar)-.165 E(antees that the r)-.165 E
(outer)-.495 E 2.75(sh)-.11 G(ave consistent r)-2.75 E
(outing information, then)-.495 E(forwar)72 646.8 Q
(ding onto the incoming interface may safely be disabled.)-.407 E F0
2.75(AZ)72 663.4 S(BR constrains all BSMs which are of equal or smaller\
scope than the con\214gured boundary)-2.75 E(.)-.715 E
(That is, the BSMs are not accepted from, originated or forw)72 676.4 Q
(arded on the interf)-.11 E(aces on which the)-.11 E
(boundary is con\214gured.)72 689.4 Q -.165(Fo)5.5 G 2.75(rI).165 G
(Pv6 the check is a comparison between the scope of the \214rst range)
-2.75 E(in the scoped BSM and the scope of the con\214gured boundary)72
702.4 Q 5.5(.F)-.715 G(or IPv4, the \214rst range in the)-5.665 E
(scoped BSM is check)72 715.4 Q(ed to see if it is contained in or is t\
he same as the range of the con\214gured)-.11 E(Bhaskar/Gall/Ling)72 769
Q(ard/V)-.055 E 199.119(enaas Section)-1.221 F 2.75(3.4. [P)2.75 F
(age 17])-.165 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 18 18
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 11/Times-Roman@0 SF(INTERNET)72 49 Q 72.802(-DRAFT Expires:)-1.012 F
(August 2007)2.75 E(February 2007)103.569 E(boundary)72 85 Q(.)-.715 E
/F1 11/Times-Bold@0 SF(3.5.)72 111 Q/F2 13/Times-Bold@0 SF
(Bootstrap Messages to New and Rebooting Routers)5.5 E F0 1.76 -.88
(To a)72 127.6 T(llo).88 E 2.75(wn)-.275 G .55 -.275(ew o)-2.75 H 2.75
(rr).275 G(ebooting routers to learn the RP-Set quickly)-2.75 E 2.75(,w)
-.715 G(hen a Hello message is recei)-2.75 E -.165(ve)-.275 G(d).165 E
(from a ne)72 140.6 Q 2.75(wn)-.275 G(eighbor)-2.75 E 2.75(,o)-.44 G
2.75(raH)-2.75 G(ello message with a ne)-2.75 E 2.75(wG)-.275 G
(enID is recei)-2.75 E -.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75(df).165 G(rom an e)-2.75 E
(xisting)-.165 E(neighbor)72 153.6 Q 2.75(,o)-.44 G
(ne router on the LAN sends a stored cop)-2.75 E 2.75(yo)-.11 G 2.75(ft)
-2.75 G(he Bootstrap message for each admin)-2.75 E
(scope zone to the ne)72 166.6 Q 2.75(wo)-.275 G 2.75(rr)-2.75 G
(ebooting router)-2.75 E(.)-.605 E
(This message SHOULD be sent as a No-F)72 183.2 Q(orw)-.165 E
(ard Bootstrap message, see 3.5.1.)-.11 E -.165(Fo)5.5 G 2.75(rb).165 G
(ackw)-2.75 E(ards)-.11 E(compatibility)72 196.2 Q 2.75(,t)-.715 G
(his message MA)-2.75 E 2.75(Yi)-1.155 G
(nstead or in addition be sent as a Unicast Bootstrap message,)-2.75 E
(see 3.5.2.)72 209.2 Q
(These messages MUST only be accepted at startup, see 3.1.3.)5.5 E(The \
router that does this is the Designated Router \(DR\) on the LAN, or)72
225.8 Q 2.75(,i)-.44 G 2.75(ft)-2.75 G(he ne)-2.75 E 2.75(wo)-.275 G
2.75(rr)-2.75 G(ebooting)-2.75 E(router is the DR, the router that w)72
238.8 Q(ould be the DR if the ne)-.11 E 2.75(wo)-.275 G 2.75(rr)-2.75 G
(ebooting router were e)-2.75 E(xcluded)-.165 E
(from the DR election process.)72 251.8 Q
(Before sending a Bootstrap message in this manner)72 268.4 Q 2.75(,t)
-.44 G(he router must w)-2.75 E(ait until it has sent a)-.11 E
(triggered Hello message on this interf)72 281.4 Q
(ace; otherwise, the ne)-.11 E 2.75(wn)-.275 G
(eighbor will discard the Bootstrap)-2.75 E(message.)72 294.4 Q F1 2.75
(3.5.1. No-F)72 320.4 R(orward Bootstrap Messages)-.275 E F0 2.75(AN)72
337 S(o-F)-2.75 E(orw)-.165 E
(ard Bootstrap message, is a bootstrap message that has the No-F)-.11 E
(orw)-.165 E(ard bit set.)-.11 E(All)5.5 E
(implementations SHOULD support sending of No-F)72 350 Q(orw)-.165 E
(ard Bootstrap messages, and SHOULD)-.11 E(also accept them.)72 363 Q
(The RPF check MUST NO)5.5 E 2.75(Tb)-.44 G 2.75(ep)-2.75 G
(erformed in the BSM processing check for a)-2.75 E(No-F)72 376 Q(orw)
-.165 E(ard BSM, see 3.1.3.)-.11 E(The messages ha)5.5 E .33 -.165(ve t)
-.22 H(he same source and destination addresses as).165 E
(the usual multicast Bootstrap messages.)72 389 Q F1 2.75
(3.5.2. Unicasting)72 415 R(Bootstrap Messages)2.75 E F0 -.165(Fo)72
431.6 S 2.75(rb).165 G(ackw)-2.75 E
(ards compatibility implementations MA)-.11 E 2.75(Ys)-1.155 G
(upport Unicast Bootstrap messages.)-2.75 E(Whether to send Unicast Boo\
tstrap Messages instead of or in addition to No-F)72 444.6 Q(orw)-.165 E
(ard Bootstrap)-.11 E(Messages, and also whether to accept such message\
s, SHOULD be con\214gurable.)72 457.6 Q(This message is)5.5 E
(unicast to the neighbor)72 470.6 Q(.)-.605 E F1(3.6.)72 496.6 Q F2
(Recei)5.5 E(ving and Using the RP-Set)-.13 E F0(The RP-Set maintained \
by BSR is used by RP-based multicast routing protocols lik)72 513.2 Q
2.75(eP)-.11 G(IM-SM)-2.75 E(and BIDIR-PIM.)72 526.2 Q
(These protocols may obtain RP-Sets from other sources as well.)5.5 E
(Ho)5.5 E 2.75(wt)-.275 G(he \214nal)-2.75 E(group-to-RP mappings are o\
btained from these RP-Sets is not part of the BSR speci\214cation.)72
539.2 Q(In)5.5 E(general, the routing protocols need to re-calculate th\
e mappings when an)72 552.2 Q 2.75(yo)-.165 G 2.75(ft)-2.75 G
(heir RP-Sets)-2.75 E 2.75(change. Ho)72 565.2 R 2.75(ws)-.275 G(uch a \
change is signalled to the routing protocol is also not part of the pre\
sent)-2.75 E(speci\214cation.)72 578.2 Q(Some group-to-RP mappings in t\
he RP-Set indicate group ranges for which PIM-SM should be)72 594.8 Q
(used; others indicate group ranges for use with BIDIR-PIM.)72 607.8 Q
(Routers that only support one of)5.5 E(these protocols MUST NO)72 620.8
Q 2.75(Ti)-.44 G
(gnore ranges indicated as being for the other protocol.)-2.75 E(The)5.5
E 2.75(yM)-.165 G(UST)-2.75 E(NO)72 633.8 Q 2.75(Tt)-.44 G
(reat them as being for the protocol the)-2.75 E 2.75(ys)-.165 G
(upport.)-2.75 E F1(4.)72 659.8 Q/F3 14/Times-Bold@0 SF(Message F)5.5 E
(ormats)-.35 E F0(BSR messages are PIM messages, as de\214ned in [1].)72
676.4 Q(The v)74.75 689.4 Q(alues of the PIM Message T)-.275 E
(ype \214eld for BSR messages are:)-.88 E 19.5(4B)72 706 S(ootstrap)
-19.5 E(Bhaskar/Gall/Ling)72 769 Q(ard/V)-.055 E 207.369(enaas Section)
-1.221 F 2.75(4. [P)2.75 F(age 18])-.165 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 19 19
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 11/Times-Roman@0 SF(INTERNET)72 49 Q 72.802(-DRAFT Expires:)-1.012 F
(August 2007)2.75 E(February 2007)103.569 E 19.5(8C)72 85 S
(andidate-RP-Adv)-19.5 E(ertisement)-.165 E
(As with all other PIM control messages, BSR messages ha)72 101.6 Q .33
-.165(ve I)-.22 H 2.75(Pp).165 G(rotocol number 103.)-2.75 E
(Candidate-RP-Adv)72 118.2 Q(ertisement messages are unicast to a BSR.)
-.165 E(Usually)5.5 E 2.75(,B)-.715 G(ootstrap messages are)-2.75 E
(multicast with TTL 1 to the ALL-PIM-R)72 131.2 Q(OUTERS group, b)-.44 E
(ut in some circumstances \(described in)-.22 E(section 3.5.2\) Bootstr\
ap messages are unicast to a speci\214c PIM neighbor)72 144.2 Q(.)-.605
E(The IP source address used for Candidate-RP-Adv)72 160.8 Q
(ertisement messages is a domain-wide)-.165 E(reachable address.)72
173.8 Q(The IP source address used for Bootstrap messages \(re)5.5 E
-.055(ga)-.165 G(rdless of whether).055 E(the)72 186.8 Q 2.75(ya)-.165 G
(re being originated or forw)-2.75 E
(arded\) is the link-local address of the interf)-.11 E
(ace on which the)-.11 E(message is being sent \(that is, the same sour\
ce address that the router uses for the Hello messages)72 199.8 Q
(it sends out that interf)72 212.8 Q(ace\).)-.11 E(The IPv4 ALL-PIM-R)72
229.4 Q(OUTERS group is 224.0.0.13.)-.44 E(The IPv6 ALL-PIM-R)5.5 E
(OUTERS group is)-.44 E -.275(ff)72 242.4 S(02::d.).275 E
(In this section we use the follo)72 259 Q
(wing terms de\214ned in the PIM-SM speci\214cation [1]:)-.275 E 21.15
<8345>72 275.6 S(ncoded-Unicast format)-21.15 E 21.15<8345>72 292.2 S
(ncoded-Group format)-21.15 E 1.76 -.88(We r)72 308.8 T
(epeat these here to aid readability).88 E(.)-.715 E/F1 11/Times-Bold@0
SF(Encoded-Unicast addr)72 334.8 Q(ess)-.198 E F0
(An Encoded-Unicast address tak)72 351.4 Q(es the follo)-.11 E
(wing format:)-.275 E/F2 11/Courier@0 SF 125.4(0123)78.6 370.4 S 6.6
(01234567890123456789012345678901)78.6 383.4 S
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)72
396.4 Q 13.2(|A)72 409.4 S(ddr Family)-13.2 E 6.6(|E)13.2 G
(ncoding Type |)-6.6 E(Unicast Address)33 E
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+...)72 422.4 Q F1
(Addr F)72 445 Q(amily)-.275 E F0(The PIM address f)97 458 Q
(amily of the `Unicast Address' \214eld of this address.)-.11 E -1.221
(Va)97 474.6 S(lues of 0-127 are as assigned by the IAN)1.221 E 2.75(Af)
-.385 G(or Internet Address F)-2.75 E(amilies in [10].)-.165 E -1.221
(Va)5.5 G(lues)1.221 E(128-250 are reserv)97 487.6 Q
(ed to be assigned by the IAN)-.165 E 2.75(Af)-.385 G
(or PIM-speci\214c Address F)-2.75 E(amilies.)-.165 E -1.221(Va)97 500.6
S(lues 251 though 255 are designated for pri)1.221 E -.275(va)-.275 G
(te use.).275 E(As there is no assignment authority)5.5 E
(for this space, collisions should be e)97 513.6 Q(xpected.)-.165 E F1
(Encoding T)72 530.2 Q(ype)-.814 E F0
(The type of encoding used within a speci\214c Address F)97 543.2 Q
(amily)-.165 E 5.5(.T)-.715 G(he v)-5.5 E(alue `0' is reserv)-.275 E
(ed for)-.165 E(this \214eld, and represents the nati)97 556.2 Q .33
-.165(ve e)-.275 H(ncoding of the Address F).165 E(amily)-.165 E(.)-.715
E F1(Unicast Addr)72 572.8 Q(ess)-.198 E F0
(The unicast address as represented by the gi)97 585.8 Q -.165(ve)-.275
G 2.75(nA).165 G(ddress F)-2.75 E(amily and Encoding T)-.165 E(ype.)-.88
E F1(Encoded-Gr)72 624.8 Q(oup addr)-.198 E(ess)-.198 E F0
(Bhaskar/Gall/Ling)72 769 Q(ard/V)-.055 E 207.369(enaas Section)-1.221 F
2.75(4. [P)2.75 F(age 19])-.165 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 20 20
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 11/Times-Roman@0 SF(INTERNET)72 49 Q 72.802(-DRAFT Expires:)-1.012 F
(August 2007)2.75 E(February 2007)103.569 E(Encoded-Group addresses tak)
72 85 Q 2.75(et)-.11 G(he follo)-2.75 E(wing format:)-.275 E/F1 11
/Courier@0 SF 125.4(0123)78.6 104 S 6.6
(01234567890123456789012345678901)78.6 117 S
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)72
130 Q 13.2(|A)72 143 S(ddr Family)-13.2 E 6.6(|E)13.2 G
(ncoding Type |B| Reserved)-6.6 E 6.6(|Z| Mask)13.2 F 26.4(Len |)6.6 F
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)72
156 Q 105.6(|G)72 169 S(roup multicast Address)-105.6 E
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+...)72 182 Q/F2 11/Times-Bold@0 SF
(Addr F)72 204.6 Q(amily)-.275 E F0(described abo)97 217.6 Q -.165(ve)
-.165 G(.).165 E F2(Encoding T)72 234.2 Q(ype)-.814 E F0(described abo)
97 247.2 Q -.165(ve)-.165 G(.).165 E F2([B]IDIR bit)72 263.8 Q F0(When \
set, all BIDIR capable PIM routers will operate the protocol described \
in [2] for the)97 276.8 Q(speci\214ed group range.)97 289.8 Q F2(Reser)
72 306.4 Q -.11(ve)-.11 G(d).11 E F0 -.385(Tr)97 319.4 S
(ansmitted as zero.).385 E(Ignored upon receipt.)5.5 E F2
(Admin Scope [Z]one)72 336 Q F0(When set, this bit indicates that this \
group address range is an administrati)97 349 Q -.165(ve)-.275 G
(ly scoped).165 E(range.)97 362 Q F2(Mask Len)72 378.6 Q F0
(The Mask length \214eld is 8 bits.)97 391.6 Q(The v)5.5 E
(alue is the number of contiguous one bits left justi\214ed)-.275 E(use\
d as a mask which, combined with the group address, describes a range o\
f groups.)97 404.6 Q(It is)5.5 E
(less than or equal to the address length in bits for the gi)97 417.6 Q
-.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75(nA).165 G(ddress F)-2.75 E(amily and Encoding)
-.165 E -.88(Ty)97 430.6 S 2.75(pe. If).88 F(the message is sent for a \
single group then the Mask length must equal the address)2.75 E
(length in bits for the gi)97 443.6 Q -.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75(nA).165 G
(ddress F)-2.75 E(amily and Encoding T)-.165 E 2.75(ype. \(e.g.)-.88 F
(32 for IPv4 nati)2.75 E -.165(ve)-.275 G
(encoding and 128 for IPv6 nati)97 456.6 Q .33 -.165(ve e)-.275 H
(ncoding\).).165 E F2(Gr)72 473.2 Q(oup multicast Addr)-.198 E(ess)-.198
E F0(Contains the group address.)97 486.2 Q F2(4.1.)72 512.2 Q/F3 13
/Times-Bold@0 SF(Bootstrap Message F)5.5 E(ormat)-.325 E F0 2.75(Ab)72
528.8 S(ootstrap message may be di)-2.75 E(vided up into ')-.275 E
(semantic fragments' if the resulting IP datagram)-.605 E -.11(wo)72
541.8 S(uld e).11 E(xceed the maximum pack)-.165 E(et size boundaries.)
-.11 E(Basically)5.5 E 2.75(,as)-.715 G(ingle Bootstrap message can be)
-2.75 E(sent as multiple semantic fragments \(each in a separate IP dat\
agram\), so long as the fragment tags)72 554.8 Q
(of all the semantic fragments comprising the message are the same.)72
567.8 Q(The format of a single non-)5.5 E
(fragmented message is the same as the one used for semantic fragments.)
72 580.8 Q(The format of a single `fragment' is gi)72 597.4 Q -.165(ve)
-.275 G 2.75(nb).165 G(elo)-2.75 E(w:)-.275 E(Bhaskar/Gall/Ling)72 769 Q
(ard/V)-.055 E 199.119(enaas Section)-1.221 F 2.75(4.1. [P)2.75 F
(age 20])-.165 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 21 21
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 11/Times-Roman@0 SF(INTERNET)72 49 Q 72.802(-DRAFT Expires:)-1.012 F
(August 2007)2.75 E(February 2007)103.569 E/F1 11/Courier@0 SF 125.4
(0123)78.6 85 S 6.6(01234567890123456789012345678901)78.6 98 S
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)72
111 Q(|PIM Ver| Type)72 124 Q 6.6(|N| Reserved)13.2 F 72.6(|C)19.8 G
72.6(hecksum |)-72.6 F
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)72
137 Q 59.4(|F)72 150 S(ragment Tag)-59.4 E 6.6(|H)66 G
(ash Mask Len | BSR Priority)-6.6 E(|)13.2 E
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)72
163 Q 85.8(|B)72 176 S(SR Address \(Encoded-Unicast format\))-85.8 E(|)
92.4 E
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)72
189 Q 79.2(|G)72 202 S(roup Address 1 \(Encoded-Group format\))-79.2 E
(|)85.8 E
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)72
215 Q 6.6(|R)72 228 S 6.6(PC)-6.6 G(ount 1)-6.6 E 6.6(|F)26.4 G
(rag RP Cnt 1 |)-6.6 E 85.8(Reserved |)59.4 F
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)72
241 Q 85.8(|R)72 254 S 6.6(PA)-85.8 G
(ddress 1 \(Encoded-Unicast format\))-6.6 E(|)85.8 E
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)72
267 Q 66(|R)72 280 S(P1 Holdtime)-66 E 6.6(|R)59.4 G(P1 Priority)-6.6 E
19.8(|R)13.2 G 19.8(eserved |)-19.8 F
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)72
293 Q 85.8(|R)72 306 S 6.6(PA)-85.8 G
(ddress 2 \(Encoded-Unicast format\))-6.6 E(|)85.8 E
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)72
319 Q 66(|R)72 332 S(P2 Holdtime)-66 E 6.6(|R)59.4 G(P2 Priority)-6.6 E
19.8(|R)13.2 G 19.8(eserved |)-19.8 F
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)72
345 Q 204.6(|.|)72 358 S 204.6(|.|)72 371 S
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)72
384 Q 85.8(|R)72 397 S 6.6(PA)-85.8 G
(ddress m \(Encoded-Unicast format\))-6.6 E(|)85.8 E
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)72
410 Q 66(|R)72 423 S(Pm Holdtime)-66 E 6.6(|R)59.4 G(Pm Priority)-6.6 E
19.8(|R)13.2 G 19.8(eserved |)-19.8 F
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)72
436 Q 79.2(|G)72 449 S(roup Address 2 \(Encoded-Group format\))-79.2 E
(|)85.8 E
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)72
462 Q 204.6(|.|)72 475 S 204.6(|.|)72 488 S
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)72
501 Q 79.2(|G)72 514 S(roup Address n \(Encoded-Group format\))-79.2 E
(|)85.8 E
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)72
527 Q 6.6(|R)72 540 S 6.6(PC)-6.6 G(ount n)-6.6 E 6.6(|F)26.4 G
(rag RP Cnt n |)-6.6 E 79.2(Reserved |)66 F
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)72
553 Q 85.8(|R)72 566 S 6.6(PA)-85.8 G
(ddress 1 \(Encoded-Unicast format\))-6.6 E(|)85.8 E
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)72
579 Q 66(|R)72 592 S(P1 Holdtime)-66 E 6.6(|R)59.4 G(P1 Priority)-6.6 E
19.8(|R)13.2 G 19.8(eserved |)-19.8 F
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)72
605 Q 85.8(|R)72 618 S 6.6(PA)-85.8 G
(ddress 2 \(Encoded-Unicast format\))-6.6 E(|)85.8 E
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)72
631 Q 66(|R)72 644 S(P2 Holdtime)-66 E 6.6(|R)59.4 G(P2 Priority)-6.6 E
19.8(|R)13.2 G 19.8(eserved |)-19.8 F
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)72
657 Q 204.6(|.|)72 670 S 204.6(|.|)72 683 S
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)72
696 Q 85.8(|R)72 709 S 6.6(PA)-85.8 G
(ddress m \(Encoded-Unicast format\))-6.6 E(|)85.8 E
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)72
722 Q F0(Bhaskar/Gall/Ling)72 769 Q(ard/V)-.055 E 199.119(enaas Section)
-1.221 F 2.75(4.1. [P)2.75 F(age 21])-.165 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 22 22
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 11/Times-Roman@0 SF(INTERNET)72 49 Q 72.802(-DRAFT Expires:)-1.012 F
(August 2007)2.75 E(February 2007)103.569 E/F1 11/Courier@0 SF 66(|R)72
85 S(Pm Holdtime)-66 E 6.6(|R)59.4 G(Pm Priority)-6.6 E 19.8(|R)13.2 G
19.8(eserved |)-19.8 F
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)72 98
Q/F2 11/Times-Bold@0 SF(PIM V)72 120.6 Q(ersion, Reser)-1.1 E -.11(ve)
-.11 G(d, Checksum).11 E F0(Described in [1].)97 133.6 Q F2 -.814(Ty)72
163.2 S(pe).814 E F0(PIM Message T)97 176.2 Q 2.75(ype. V)-.88 F
(alue is 4 for a Bootstrap message.)-1.221 E F2([N]o-f)72 192.8 Q
(orward bit)-.275 E F0(When set, this bit means that the Bootstrap mess\
age fragment is not to be forw)97 205.8 Q(arded.)-.11 E F2(Fragment T)72
222.4 Q(ag)-1.012 E F0 2.75(Ar)97 235.4 S(andomly generated number)-2.75
E 2.75(,a)-.44 G(cts to distinguish the fragments belonging to dif)-2.75
E(ferent)-.275 E(Bootstrap messages; fragments belonging to same Bootst\
rap message carry the same)97 248.4 Q(`Fragment T)97 261.4 Q(ag'.)-.88 E
F2(Hash Mask Len)72 278 Q F0
(The length \(in bits\) of the mask to use in the hash function.)97 291
Q -.165(Fo)5.5 G 2.75(rI).165 G(Pv4 we recommend a)-2.75 E -.275(va)97
304 S(lue of 30.).275 E -.165(Fo)5.5 G 2.75(rI).165 G
(Pv6 we recommend a v)-2.75 E(alue of 126.)-.275 E
(This \214eld SHOULD be the same for)5.5 E
(all fragments belonging to the same Bootstrap message.)97 317 Q F2
(BSR Priority)72 333.6 Q F0(Contains the BSR priority v)97 346.6 Q
(alue of the included BSR.)-.275 E(This \214eld is considered as a high)
5.5 E(order byte when comparing BSR addresses.)97 359.6 Q
(BSRs should by def)5.5 E(ault set this \214eld to 64.)-.11 E(Note that\
for historical reasons, the highest BSR priority is 255 \(the higher t\
he better\),)97 372.6 Q(whereas the highest RP Priority \(see belo)97
385.6 Q(w\) is 0 \(the lo)-.275 E(wer the better\).)-.275 E F2(BSR Addr)
72 402.2 Q(ess)-.198 E F0
(The address of the bootstrap router for the domain.)97 415.2 Q
(The format for this address is gi)5.5 E -.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75(ni).165 G
(n)-2.75 E(the Encoded-Unicast address in [1].)97 428.2 Q F2(Gr)72 457.8
Q(oup Addr)-.198 E(ess 1..n)-.198 E F0(The group pre\214x \(address and\
mask\) with which the Candidate-RPs are associated.)97 470.8 Q -.165
(Fo)5.5 G(rmat).165 E(described in [1].)97 483.8 Q(In a fragment contai\
ning admin scope ranges, the \214rst group address in the)5.5 E
(fragment MUST satisfy the follo)97 496.8 Q(wing conditions: it MUST ha)
-.275 E .33 -.165(ve t)-.22 H(he Admin Scope bit set;).165 E(for IPv4 i\
t MUST be the group range for the entire admin scope range \(this is th\
e case e)97 509.8 Q -.165(ve)-.275 G(n).165 E(if there are no RPs in th\
e RP-Set for the entire admin scope range - in this case the sub-)97
522.8 Q(ranges for the RP-Set are speci\214ed later in the fragment alo\
ng with their RPs\); for IPv6 the)97 535.8 Q
(Mask Len MUST be at least 16 and ha)97 548.8 Q .33 -.165(ve t)-.22 H
(he scope ID of the admin scope range.).165 E F2(RP Count 1..n)72 578.4
Q F0(The number of Candidate-RP addresses included in the whole Bootstr\
ap message for the)97 591.4 Q(corresponding group pre\214x.)97 604.4 Q
2.75(Ar)5.5 G(outer does not replace its old RP-Set for a gi)-2.75 E
-.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75(ng).165 G(roup)-2.75 E
(pre\214x until/unless it recei)97 617.4 Q -.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75(s`).165
G(RP-Count' addresses for that pre\214x; the addresses could be)-2.75 E
(carried o)97 630.4 Q -.165(ve)-.165 G 2.75(rs).165 G -2.365 -.275(ev e)
-2.75 H(ral fragments.).275 E(If only part of the RP-Set for a gi)5.5 E
-.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75(ng).165 G(roup pre\214x w)-2.75 E(as)-.11 E(recei)
97 643.4 Q -.165(ve)-.275 G(d, the router discards it, without updating\
that speci\214c group pre\214x').165 E 2.75(sR)-.605 G(P-Set.)-2.75 E
F2(Frag RP Cnt 1..m)72 660 Q F0(The number of Candidate-RP addresses in\
cluded in this fragment of the Bootstrap message,)97 673 Q
(for the corresponding group pre\214x.)97 686 Q
(The `Frag RP Cnt' \214eld f)5.5 E(acilitates parsing of the RP-Set)-.11
E(for a gi)97 699 Q -.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75(ng).165 G
(roup pre\214x, when carried o)-2.75 E -.165(ve)-.165 G 2.75(rm).165 G
(ore than one fragment.)-2.75 E(Bhaskar/Gall/Ling)72 769 Q(ard/V)-.055 E
199.119(enaas Section)-1.221 F 2.75(4.1. [P)2.75 F(age 22])-.165 E 0 Cg
EP
%%Page: 23 23
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 11/Times-Roman@0 SF(INTERNET)72 49 Q 72.802(-DRAFT Expires:)-1.012 F
(August 2007)2.75 E(February 2007)103.569 E/F1 11/Times-Bold@0 SF
(RP addr)72 85 Q(ess 1..m)-.198 E F0(The address of the Candidate-RPs, \
for the corresponding group pre\214x.)97 98 Q(The format for these)5.5 E
(addresses is gi)97 111 Q -.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75(ni).165 G 2.75(nt)-2.75
G(he Encoded-Unicast address in [1].)-2.75 E F1(RP1..m Holdtime)72 127.6
Q F0(The Holdtime \(in seconds\) for the corresponding RP)97 140.6 Q 5.5
(.T)-1.221 G(his \214eld is copied from the)-5.5 E
(`Holdtime' \214eld of the associated RP stored at the BSR.)97 153.6 Q
F1(RP1..m Priority)72 170.2 Q F0
(The `Priority' of the corresponding RP and Encoded-Group Address.)97
183.2 Q(This \214eld is copied)5.5 E
(from the `Priority' \214eld stored at the BSR when recei)97 196.2 Q
(ving a C-RP-Adv message.)-.275 E(The)5.5 E
(highest priority is `0' \(i.e. unlik)97 209.2 Q 2.75(eB)-.11 G
(SR priority)-2.75 E 2.75(,t)-.715 G(he lo)-2.75 E(wer the v)-.275 E
(alue of the `Priority' \214eld, the)-.275 E 2.75(better\). Note)97
222.2 R(that the priority is per RP per Group Address.)2.75 E -.44(Wi)72
238.8 S(thin a Bootstrap message, the BSR Address, all the Group Addres\
ses and all the RP Addresses).44 E(MUST be of the same address f)72
251.8 Q(amily)-.11 E 5.5(.I)-.715 G 2.75(na)-5.5 G
(ddition, the address f)-2.75 E(amily of the \214elds in the message)
-.11 E(MUST be the same as the IP source and destination addresses of t\
he pack)72 264.8 Q 2.75(et. This)-.11 F(permits)2.75 E
(maximum implementation \215e)72 277.8 Q
(xibility for dual-stack IPv4/IPv6 routers.)-.165 E F1 2.75
(4.1.1. Semantic)72 303.8 R(Fragmentation of BSMs)2.75 E F0
(Bootstrap messages may be split o)72 320.4 Q -.165(ve)-.165 G 2.75(rs)
.165 G -2.365 -.275(ev e)-2.75 H
(ral PIM Bootstrap Message Fragments \(BSMF\); this is).275 E(kno)72
333.4 Q(wn as semantic fragmentation.)-.275 E
(Each of these must be according to the abo)5.5 E .33 -.165(ve f)-.165 H
(ormat.).165 E(This is useful if the BSM w)72 350 Q(ould otherwise e)
-.11 E(xceed the MTU of the link the message will be)-.165 E(forw)72 363
Q(arded o)-.11 E -.165(ve)-.165 G 3.96 -.605(r. I).165 H 2.75(fo).605 G
(ne relies purely on IP fragmentation, one w)-2.75 E
(ould lose the entire message if)-.11 E(one fragment is lost.)72 376 Q(\
By use of semantic fragmentation, one lost IP fragment will only cause \
the)5.5 E(loss of the semantic fragment that the IP fragment w)72 389 Q
(as part of.)-.11 E(As described belo)5.5 E 1.43 -.715(w, a r)-.275 H
(outer only).715 E(needs to recei)72 402 Q .33 -.165(ve a)-.275 H
(ll the RPs for a speci\214c group range to update that range.).165 E
(This means that loss)5.5 E
(of a semantic fragment, due to an IP fragment getting lost, only af)72
415 Q(fects the group ranges the lost)-.275 E
(semantic fragment contains information for)72 428 Q(.)-.605 E(If the B\
SR can split up the BSM so that each group pre\214x \(and all of its RP\
information\) can \214t)72 444.6 Q(entirely inside one BSMF)72 457.6 Q
2.75(,t)-.88 G(hen it should do so.)-2.75 E
(If a BSMF is lost, the state from the pre)5.5 E(vious)-.275 E
(BSM for the group-pre\214x)72 470.6 Q
(es from the missing BSMF will be retained.)-.165 E
(Each fragment that does)5.5 E(arri)72 483.6 Q .33 -.165(ve w)-.275 H
(ill update the RP information for the group-pre\214x).165 E
(es contained in that fragment, and the)-.165 E(ne)72 496.6 Q 2.75(wg)
-.275 G(roup-to-RP mappings for those can be used immediately)-2.75 E
5.5(.T)-.715 G(he information from the missing)-5.5 E
(fragment will be obtained when the ne)72 509.6 Q
(xt BSM is transmitted.)-.165 E(If the list of RPs for a single group-p\
re\214x is long, one may split the information across multiple)72 526.2
Q(BSMFs to a)72 539.2 Q -.22(vo)-.22 G(id IP fragmentation.).22 E
(In this case, all the BSMFs comprising the information for)5.5 E
(that group-pre\214x must be recei)72 552.2 Q -.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75(db)
.165 G(efore the group-to-RP mapping in use can be modi\214ed.)-2.75 E
(This)5.5 E(is the purpose of the RP Count \214eld - a router recei)72
565.2 Q(ving BSMFs from the same BSM \(i.e. that)-.275 E(ha)72 578.2 Q
.33 -.165(ve t)-.22 H(he same fragment tag\) must w).165 E
(ait until BSMFs pro)-.11 E(viding RP Count RPs for that group-)-.165 E
(pre\214x ha)72 591.2 Q .33 -.165(ve b)-.22 H(een recei).165 E -.165(ve)
-.275 G 2.75(db).165 G(efore the ne)-2.75 E 2.75(wg)-.275 G
(roup-to-RP mapping can be used for that group-pre\214x.)-2.75 E
(If a single BSMF from such a lar)72 604.2 Q
(ge group-pre\214x is lost, then that entire group-pre\214x will ha)
-.198 E .33 -.165(ve t)-.22 H(o).165 E -.11(wa)72 617.2 S
(it until the ne).11 E(xt BSM is originated.)-.165 E
(Hence the bene\214t of using semantic fragmentation is in)5.5 E
(this case dubious.)72 630.2 Q(Ne)72 646.8 Q(xt we need to consider ho)
-.165 E 2.75(waB)-.275 G(SR w)-2.75 E(ould remo)-.11 E .33 -.165(ve g)
-.165 H(roup-pre\214x).165 E(es from the BSM.)-.165 E 2.75(Ar)5.5 G
(outer)-2.75 E(recei)72 659.8 Q
(ving a set of BSMFs cannot tell if a group-pre\214x is missing.)-.275 E
(If it has seen a group-pre\214x)5.5 E
(before, it must assume that that group-pre\214x still e)72 672.8 Q
(xists, and that the BSMF describing it has been)-.165 E 2.75(lost. It)
72 685.8 R(should retain this information for BS_T)2.75 E 2.75
(imeout. Thus)-.385 F(for a BSR to remo)2.75 E .33 -.165(ve a g)-.165 H
(roup-pre\214x).165 E
(from the BSR, it should include that group-pre\214x, b)72 698.8 Q
(ut with a RP Count of zero, and it should)-.22 E
(resend this information in each BSM for BS_T)72 711.8 Q(imeout.)-.385 E
(Bhaskar/Gall/Ling)72 769 Q(ard/V)-.055 E 199.119(enaas Section)-1.221 F
2.75(4.2. [P)2.75 F(age 23])-.165 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 24 24
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 11/Times-Roman@0 SF(INTERNET)72 49 Q 72.802(-DRAFT Expires:)-1.012 F
(August 2007)2.75 E(February 2007)103.569 E/F1 11/Times-Bold@0 SF(4.2.)
72 85 Q/F2 13/Times-Bold@0 SF(Candidate-RP-Adv)5.5 E
(ertisement Message F)-.13 E(ormat)-.325 E F0(Candidate-RP-Adv)72 101.6
Q(ertisement messages are periodically unicast from the C-RPs to the BS\
R.)-.165 E/F3 11/Courier@0 SF 125.4(0123)78.6 120.6 S 6.6
(01234567890123456789012345678901)78.6 133.6 S
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)72
146.6 Q(|PIM Ver| Type)72 159.6 Q 19.8(|R)13.2 G 19.8(eserved |)-19.8 F
72.6(Checksum |)72.6 F
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)72
172.6 Q 6.6(|P)72 185.6 S(refix Count)-6.6 E 19.8(|P)13.2 G 19.8
(riority |)-19.8 F 72.6(Holdtime |)72.6 F
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)72
198.6 Q 85.8(|R)72 211.6 S 6.6(PA)-85.8 G
(ddress \(Encoded-Unicast format\))-6.6 E(|)99 E
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)72
224.6 Q 79.2(|G)72 237.6 S(roup Address 1 \(Encoded-Group format\))-79.2
E(|)85.8 E
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)72
250.6 Q 204.6(|.|)72 263.6 S 204.6(|.|)72 276.6 S 204.6(|.|)72 289.6 S
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)72
302.6 Q 79.2(|G)72 315.6 S(roup Address n \(Encoded-Group format\))-79.2
E(|)85.8 E
(+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+)72
328.6 Q F1(PIM V)72 351.2 Q(ersion, Reser)-1.1 E -.11(ve)-.11 G
(d, Checksum).11 E F0(Described in [1].)97 364.2 Q F1 -.814(Ty)72 393.8
S(pe).814 E F0(PIM Message T)97 406.8 Q 2.75(ype. V)-.88 F
(alue is 8 for a Candidate-RP-Adv)-1.221 E(ertisement message.)-.165 E
F1(Pr)72 423.4 Q(e\214x Count)-.198 E F0(The number of encoded group ad\
dresses included in the message; indicating the group)97 436.4 Q
(pre\214x)97 449.4 Q(es for which the C-RP is adv)-.165 E 2.75
(ertising. C-RPs)-.165 F(MUST NO)2.75 E 2.75(Ts)-.44 G
(end C-RP-Adv messages)-2.75 E(with a Pre\214x Count of `0'.)97 462.4 Q
F1(Priority)72 479 Q F0(The `Priority' of the included RP)97 492 Q 2.75
(,f)-1.221 G(or the corresponding Encoded-Group Address \(if an)-2.75 E
(y\).)-.165 E(The highest priority is `0' \(i.e. the lo)97 505 Q
(wer the v)-.275 E(alue of the `Priority' \214eld, the higher the)-.275
E 2.75(priority\). This)97 518 R(\214eld is stored at the BSR upon rece\
ipt along with the RP address and)2.75 E
(corresponding Encoded-Group Address.)97 531 Q F1(Holdtime)72 547.6 Q F0
(The amount of time \(in seconds\) the adv)97 560.6 Q(ertisement is v)
-.165 E 2.75(alid. This)-.275 F(\214eld allo)2.75 E(ws)-.275 E(adv)97
573.6 Q(ertisements to be aged out.)-.165 E
(This \214eld should be set to 2.5 times C_RP_Adv_Period.)5.5 E F1
(RP Addr)72 590.2 Q(ess)-.198 E F0(The address of the interf)97 603.2 Q
(ace to adv)-.11 E(ertise as a Candidate RP)-.165 E 5.5(.T)-1.221 G
(he format for this address is)-5.5 E(gi)97 616.2 Q -.165(ve)-.275 G
2.75(ni).165 G 2.75(nt)-2.75 G(he Encoded-Unicast address in [1].)-2.75
E F1(Gr)72 645.8 Q(oup Addr)-.198 E(ess-1..n)-.198 E F0
(The group pre\214x)97 658.8 Q(es for which the C-RP is adv)-.165 E 2.75
(ertising. F)-.165 F(ormat described in Encoded-Group-)-.165 E
(Address in [1].)97 671.8 Q -.44(Wi)72 701.4 S(thin a Candidate-RP-Adv)
.44 E(ertisement message, the RP Address and all the Group Addresses)
-.165 E(MUST be of the same address f)72 714.4 Q(amily)-.11 E 5.5(.I)
-.715 G 2.75(na)-5.5 G(ddition, the address f)-2.75 E
(amily of the \214elds in the message)-.11 E(Bhaskar/Gall/Ling)72 769 Q
(ard/V)-.055 E 199.119(enaas Section)-1.221 F 2.75(4.2. [P)2.75 F
(age 24])-.165 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 25 25
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 11/Times-Roman@0 SF(INTERNET)72 49 Q 72.802(-DRAFT Expires:)-1.012 F
(August 2007)2.75 E(February 2007)103.569 E(MUST be the same as the IP \
source and destination addresses of the pack)72 85 Q 2.75(et. This)-.11
F(permits)2.75 E(maximum implementation \215e)72 98 Q
(xibility for dual-stack IPv4/IPv6 routers.)-.165 E/F1 11/Times-Bold@0
SF(5.)72 124 Q/F2 14/Times-Bold@0 SF -.252(Ti)5.5 G(mers and T).252 E
(imer V)-.252 E(alues)-1.288 E F1 -.198(Ti)72 150 S
(mer Name: Bootstrap T).198 E(imer \(BST\(Z\)\))-.198 E .44 LW 503.996
160.75 72 160.75 DL -1.012(Va)89.155 171 S(lue Name)1.012 E -1.012(Va)
87.523 G 118.774(lue Explanation)1.012 F 503.996 175.75 72 175.75 DL
503.996 177.75 72 177.75 DL(BS_P)89.155 188 Q 91.604(eriod Default:)-.22
F(60 seconds)2.75 E -.22(Pe)381.417 188 S(riodic inter).22 E -.11(va)
-.11 G 2.75(lw).11 G(ith)-2.75 E(which BSMs ar)381.417 201 Q(e)-.198 E
(normally originated)381.417 214 Q 503.996 218.75 72 218.75 DL(BS_T)
89.155 229 Q 83.024(imeout Default:)-.198 F(130 seconds)2.75 E(Inter)
381.417 229 Q -.11(va)-.11 G 2.75(la).11 G(fter which a)-2.75 E
(BSR is timed out if no)381.417 242 Q(BSM is r)381.417 255 Q(ecei)-.198
E -.11(ve)-.11 G 2.75(df).11 G -.198(ro)-2.75 G(m).198 E(that BSR)
381.417 268 Q 503.996 272.75 72 272.75 DL(BS_Min_Inter)89.155 283 Q -.11
(va)-.11 G 62.575(lD).11 G(efault: 10 seconds)-62.575 E(Minimum inter)
381.417 283 Q -.11(va)-.11 G(l).11 E(with which BSMs may)381.417 296 Q
(be originated)381.417 309 Q 503.996 313.75 72 313.75 DL(BS_Rand_Ov)
89.155 324 Q 48.715(erride see)-.11 F(belo)2.75 E(w)-.11 E
(Randomized inter)381.417 324 Q -.11(va)-.11 G(l).11 E(used to r)381.417
337 Q(educe contr)-.198 E(ol)-.198 E(message o)381.417 350 Q -.11(ve)
-.11 G(rhead).11 E(during BSR election)381.417 363 Q 503.996 367.75 72
367.75 DL 355.684 160.75 355.684 367.75 DL 207.672 160.75 207.672 367.75
DL 503.996 160.75 503.996 367.75 DL 72 160.75 72 367.75 DL F0
(Note that BS_T)72 385.6 Q(imeout MUST be lar)-.385 E
(ger than BS_Period, e)-.198 E -.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75(ni).165 G 2.75(ft)
-2.75 G(heir v)-2.75 E(alues are changed from the)-.275 E(def)72 398.6 Q
2.75(aults. W)-.11 F 2.75(er)-.88 G(ecommend that BS_T)-2.75 E
(imeout is set to 2 times BS_Period plus 10 seconds.)-.385 E
(Bhaskar/Gall/Ling)72 769 Q(ard/V)-.055 E 207.369(enaas Section)-1.221 F
2.75(5. [P)2.75 F(age 25])-.165 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 26 26
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 11/Times-Roman@0 SF(INTERNET)72 49 Q 72.802(-DRAFT Expires:)-1.012 F
(August 2007)2.75 E(February 2007)103.569 E(BS_Rand_Ov)72 85 Q
(erride is calculated using the follo)-.165 E
(wing pseudocode, in which all v)-.275 E(alues are in units)-.275 E
(of seconds.)72 98 Q(The v)5.5 E(alues of BS_Rand_Ov)-.275 E
(erride generated by this pseudocode are between 5 and)-.165 E
(23 seconds, with smaller v)72 111 Q
(alues generated if the C-BSR has a high bootstrap weight, and lar)-.275
E(ger)-.198 E -.275(va)72 124 S(lues generated if the C-BSR has a lo)
.275 E 2.75(wb)-.275 G(ootstrap weight.)-2.75 E/F1 11/Courier@0 SF
(BS_Rand_Override = 5 + priorityDelay + addrDelay)108 143 Q F0(where)72
162 Q F1(priorityDelay)2.75 E F0(is gi)2.75 E -.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75(nb)
.165 G(y:)-2.75 E F1
(priorityDelay = 2 * log_2\(1 + bestPriority - myPriority\))108 181 Q F0
(and)72 200 Q F1(addrDelay)2.75 E F0(is gi)2.75 E -.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75
(nb).165 G 2.75(yt)-2.75 G(he follo)-2.75 E(wing for IPv4:)-.275 E F1
(if \(bestPriority == myPriority\) {)108 219 Q
(addrDelay = log_2\(1 + bestAddr - myAddr\) / 16)134.4 232 Q 6.6(}e)108
245 S(lse {)-6.6 E(addrDelay = 2 - \(myAddr / 2^31\))134.4 258 Q(})108
271 Q F0(and)72 290 Q F1(addrDelay)2.75 E F0(is gi)2.75 E -.165(ve)-.275
G 2.75(nb).165 G 2.75(yt)-2.75 G(he follo)-2.75 E(wing for IPv6:)-.275 E
F1(if \(bestPriority == myPriority\) {)108 309 Q
(addrDelay = log_2\(1 + bestAddr - myAddr\) / 64)134.4 322 Q 6.6(}e)108
335 S(lse {)-6.6 E(addrDelay = 2 - \(myAddr / 2^127\))134.4 348 Q(})108
361 Q F0(and)72 380 Q F1(bestPriority)2.75 E F0(is gi)2.75 E -.165(ve)
-.275 G 2.75(nb).165 G(y:)-2.75 E F1
(bestPriority = max\(storedPriority, myPriority\))108 399 Q F0(and)72
418 Q F1(bestAddr)2.75 E F0(is gi)2.75 E -.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75(nb).165 G
(y:)-2.75 E F1(bestAddr = max\(storedAddr, myAddr\))108 437 Q F0
(and where)72 456 Q F1(myAddr)2.75 E F0(is the Candidate-BSR')2.75 E
2.75(sa)-.605 G(ddress,)-2.75 E F1(storedAddr)2.75 E F0
(is the stored BSR')2.75 E 2.75(sa)-.605 G(ddress,)-2.75 E F1
(myPriority)72 469 Q F0(is the Candidate-BSR')2.75 E 2.75(sc)-.605 G
(on\214gured priority)-2.75 E 2.75(,a)-.715 G(nd)-2.75 E F1
(storedPriority)2.75 E F0(is the stored)2.75 E(BSR')72 482 Q 2.75(sp)
-.605 G(riority)-2.75 E(.)-.715 E/F2 11/Times-Bold@0 SF -.198(Ti)72 508
S(mer Name: Scope Zone Expiry T).198 E(imer \(SZT\(Z\)\))-.198 E .44 LW
503.998 518.75 72 518.75 DL -1.012(Va)92.491 529 S(lue Name)1.012 E
-1.012(Va)63.222 G 134.282(lue Explanation)1.012 F 503.998 533.75 72
533.75 DL 503.998 535.75 72 535.75 DL(SZ_T)92.491 546 Q 58.723
(imeout Default:)-.198 F(1300 seconds)2.75 E(Inter)375.96 546 Q -.11(va)
-.11 G 2.75(la).11 G(fter which a)-2.75 E(scope zone is timed out)375.96
559 Q(if no BSM is r)375.96 572 Q(ecei)-.198 E -.11(ve)-.11 G(d).11 E
-.275(fo)375.96 585 S 2.75(rt).275 G(hat scope zone)-2.75 E 503.998
589.75 72 589.75 DL 345.223 518.75 345.223 589.75 DL 181.703 518.75
181.703 589.75 DL 503.998 518.75 503.998 589.75 DL 72 518.75 72 589.75
DL F0(Note that SZ_T)72 607.6 Q(imeout MUST be lar)-.385 E
(ger than BS_T)-.198 E(imeout, e)-.385 E -.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75(ni).165 G
2.75(ft)-2.75 G(heir v)-2.75 E(alues are changed from)-.275 E(the def)72
620.6 Q 2.75(aults. W)-.11 F 2.75(er)-.88 G(ecommend that SZ_T)-2.75 E
(imeout is set to 10 times BS_T)-.385 E(imeout.)-.385 E F2 -.198(Ti)72
646.6 S(mer Name: Gr).198 E(oup-to-C-RP mapping Expiry T)-.198 E
(imer \(CGET\(M,Z\)\))-.198 E 503.999 657.35 72 657.35 DL -1.012(Va)
90.903 667.6 S(lue Name)1.012 E -1.012(Va)114.063 G 91.722
(lue Explanation)1.012 F 503.999 672.35 72 672.35 DL 503.999 674.35 72
674.35 DL(C-RP Mapping T)90.903 684.6 Q 53.959(imeout fr)-.198 F
(om message)-.198 E(Holdtime fr)382.653 684.6 Q(om C-RP-)-.198 E
(Adv message)382.653 697.6 Q 503.999 702.35 72 702.35 DL 354.298 657.35
354.298 702.35 DL 233.338 657.35 233.338 702.35 DL 503.999 657.35
503.999 702.35 DL 72 657.35 72 702.35 DL F0(Bhaskar/Gall/Ling)72 769 Q
(ard/V)-.055 E 207.369(enaas Section)-1.221 F 2.75(5. [P)2.75 F(age 26])
-.165 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 27 27
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 11/Times-Roman@0 SF(INTERNET)72 49 Q 72.802(-DRAFT Expires:)-1.012 F
(August 2007)2.75 E(February 2007)103.569 E/F1 11/Times-Bold@0 SF -.198
(Ti)72 85 S(mer Name: Gr).198 E(oup-to-RP mapping Expiry T)-.198 E
(imer \(GET\(M,Z\)\))-.198 E .44 LW 503.996 95.75 72 95.75 DL -1.012(Va)
93.115 106 S(lue Name)1.012 E -1.012(Va)109.094 G 98.358
(lue Explanation)1.012 F 503.996 110.75 72 110.75 DL 503.996 112.75 72
112.75 DL(RP Mapping T)93.115 123 Q 60.595(imeout fr)-.198 F(om message)
-.198 E(Holdtime fr)63.345 E(om BSM)-.198 E 503.996 127.75 72 127.75 DL
354.859 95.75 354.859 127.75 DL 227.263 95.75 227.263 127.75 DL 503.996
95.75 503.996 127.75 DL 72 95.75 72 127.75 DL -.198(Ti)72 155 S
(mer Name: C-RP Adv).198 E(ertisement T)-.11 E(imer \(CRPT\))-.198 E
503.994 165.75 72 165.75 DL -1.012(Va)89.064 176 S(lue Name)1.012 E
-1.012(Va)89.626 G 116.664(lue Explanation)1.012 F 503.994 180.75 72
180.75 DL 503.994 182.75 72 182.75 DL(C_RP_Adv_P)89.064 193 Q 53.997
(eriod Default:)-.22 F(60 seconds)2.75 E -.22(Pe)381.319 193 S
(riodic inter).22 E -.11(va)-.11 G 2.75(lw).11 G(ith)-2.75 E
(which C-RP-Adv)381.319 206 Q(messages ar)381.319 219 Q 2.75(es)-.198 G
(ent to a)-2.75 E(BSR)381.319 232 Q 503.994 236.75 72 236.75 DL
(C_RP_Adv_Back)89.064 247 Q 48.442(off Default:)-.165 F(0-3 seconds)2.75
E(Whene)381.319 247 Q -.11(ve)-.165 G 2.75(rat).11 G(rigger)-2.75 E(ed)
-.198 E(C_RP_Adv is sent, a)381.319 260 Q(new randomized v)381.319 273 Q
(alue)-.11 E(between 0 and 3s is)381.319 286 Q(used)381.319 299 Q
503.994 303.75 72 303.75 DL 355.723 165.75 355.723 303.75 DL 209.821
165.75 209.821 303.75 DL 503.994 165.75 503.994 303.75 DL 72 165.75 72
303.75 DL(6.)72 344 Q/F2 14/Times-Bold@0 SF(Security Considerations)5.5
E F1(6.1.)72 370 Q/F3 13/Times-Bold@0 SF -.26(Po)5.5 G(ssible Thr).26 E
(eats)-.234 E F0(Threats af)72 386.6 Q
(fecting the PIM BSR mechanism are primarily of tw)-.275 E 2.75(of)-.11
G(orms: denial of service attacks,)-2.75 E(and traf)72 399.6 Q(\214c di)
-.275 E -.165(ve)-.275 G(rsion attacks.).165 E(An attack)5.5 E
(er that sub)-.11 E -.165(ve)-.165 G(rts the BSR mechanism can pre).165
E -.165(ve)-.275 G(nt multicast).165 E(traf)72 412.6 Q
(\214c from reaching the intended recipients, can di)-.275 E -.165(ve)
-.275 G(rt multicast traf).165 E(\214c to a place where the)-.275 E 2.75
(yc)-.165 G(an)-2.75 E
(monitor it, and can potentially \215ood third parties with traf)72
425.6 Q(\214c.)-.275 E -.385(Tr)72 442.2 S(af).385 E(\214c can be pre)
-.275 E -.165(ve)-.275 G
(nted from reaching the intended recipients by one of tw).165 E 2.75(om)
-.11 G(echanisms:)-2.75 E 21.15<8353>72 458.8 S(ub)-21.15 E -.165(ve)
-.165 G(rting a BSM, and specifying RPs that w).165 E(on')-.11 E 2.75
(ta)-.198 G(ctually forw)-2.75 E(ard traf)-.11 E(\214c.)-.275 E 21.15
<8352>72 475.4 S -.165(eg)-21.15 G(istering with the BSR as a C-RP).165
E 2.75(,a)-1.221 G(nd then not forw)-2.75 E(arding traf)-.11 E(\214c.)
-.275 E -.385(Tr)72 492 S(af).385 E(\214c can be di)-.275 E -.165(ve)
-.275 G(rted to a place where it can be monitored by both of the abo)
.165 E .33 -.165(ve m)-.165 H(echanisms; in).165 E(this case the RPs w)
72 505 Q(ould forw)-.11 E(ard the traf)-.11 E(\214c, b)-.275 E
(ut are located so as to aid monitoring or man-in-the-)-.22 E
(middle attacks on the multicast traf)72 518 Q(\214c.)-.275 E 2.75(At)72
534.6 S(hird party can be \215ooded by either of the abo)-2.75 E .33
-.165(ve t)-.165 H .22 -.11(wo m).165 H
(echanisms by specifying the third party).11 E(as the RP)72 547.6 Q 2.75
(,a)-1.221 G(nd re)-2.75 E(gister)-.165 E(-encapsulated traf)-.22 E
(\214c will then be forw)-.275 E(arded to them.)-.11 E F1(6.2.)72 573.6
Q F3(Limiting Third-P)5.5 E(arty DoS Attacks)-.13 E F0
(The third party DoS attack abo)72 590.2 Q .33 -.165(ve c)-.165 H
(an be greatly reduced if PIM routers acting as DR do not).165 E
(continue to forw)72 603.2 Q(ard Re)-.11 E(gister traf)-.165 E
(\214c to the RP in the presence of ICMP Protocol Unreachable or)-.275 E
(ICMP Host Unreachable responses.)72 616.2 Q(If a PIM router sending Re)
5.5 E(gister pack)-.165 E(ets to an RP recei)-.11 E -.165(ve)-.275 G(s)
.165 E(one of these responses to a data pack)72 629.2 Q
(et it has sent, it should rate-limit the transmission of future)-.11 E
(Re)72 642.2 Q(gister pack)-.165 E
(ets to that RP for a short period of time.)-.11 E(As this does not af)
72 658.8 Q(fect interoperability)-.275 E 2.75(,t)-.715 G
(he precise details are left to the implementer to decide.)-2.75 E(Ho)72
671.8 Q(we)-.275 E -.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75(rw).165 G 2.75(en)-2.75 G(ote \
that a router implementing such rate limiting must only do so if the IC\
MP)-2.75 E(pack)72 684.8 Q(et correctly echoes part of a Re)-.11 E
(gister pack)-.165 E(et that w)-.11 E(as sent to the RP)-.11 E 5.5(.I)
-1.221 G 2.75(ft)-5.5 G(his check were not)-2.75 E
(made, then simply sending ICMP Unreachable pack)72 697.8 Q
(ets to the DR with the source address of the)-.11 E(RP spoofed w)72
710.8 Q(ould be suf)-.11 E
(\214cient to cause a denial-of-service attack on the multicast traf)
-.275 E<8c63>-.275 E(originating from that DR.)72 723.8 Q
(Bhaskar/Gall/Ling)72 769 Q(ard/V)-.055 E 199.119(enaas Section)-1.221 F
2.75(6.2. [P)2.75 F(age 27])-.165 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 28 28
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 11/Times-Roman@0 SF(INTERNET)72 49 Q 72.802(-DRAFT Expires:)-1.012 F
(August 2007)2.75 E(February 2007)103.569 E/F1 11/Times-Bold@0 SF(6.3.)
72 85 Q/F2 13/Times-Bold@0 SF(Bootstrap Message Security)5.5 E F0
(If a le)72 101.6 Q
(gitimate PIM router is compromised, there is little an)-.165 E 2.75(ys)
-.165 G(ecurity mechanism can do to)-2.75 E(pre)72 114.6 Q -.165(ve)
-.275 G(nt that router sub).165 E -.165(ve)-.165 G(rting PIM traf).165 E
(\214c in that domain.)-.275 E(Ho)5.5 E(we)-.275 E -.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75
(rw).165 G 2.75(er)-2.75 G(ecommend that)-2.75 E(implementers pro)72
127.6 Q
(vide a mechanism whereby a PIM router using the BSR mechanisms can be)
-.165 E(con\214gured with the IP addresses of v)72 140.6 Q
(alid BSR routers, and that an)-.275 E 2.75(yB)-.165 G
(ootstrap message from an)-2.75 E(y)-.165 E
(other BSR should then be dropped and logged as a security issue.)72
153.6 Q 1.76 -.88(We a)5.5 H(lso recommend that this).88 E
(not be enabled by def)72 166.6 Q(ault, as it mak)-.11 E
(es the initial con\214guration of a PIM domain problematic - it is)-.11
E(the sort of feature that might be enabled once the con\214guration of\
a domain has stabilized.)72 179.6 Q(The primary security requirement f\
or BSR \(as for PIM\) is that it is possible to pre)72 196.2 Q -.165(ve)
-.275 G(nt hosts that).165 E(are not le)72 209.2 Q
(gitimate PIM routers, either within or outside the domain, from sub)
-.165 E -.165(ve)-.165 G(rting the BSR).165 E(mechanism.)72 222.2 Q
(The Bootstrap Message Processing Checks pre)72 238.8 Q -.165(ve)-.275 G
(nt a router from accepting a Bootstrap message).165 E(from outside of \
the PIM Domain, as the source address on Bootstrap messages must be an)
72 251.8 Q(immediate PIM neighbor)72 264.8 Q 5.5(.T)-.605 G(here is ho)
-5.5 E(we)-.275 E -.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75(ras).165 G(mall windo)-2.75 E
2.75(wo)-.275 G 2.75(ft)-2.75 G(ime after a reboot where a PIM)-2.75 E(\
router will accept a bad Bootstrap message unicast from an immediate ne\
ighbor)72 277.8 Q 2.75(,a)-.44 G(nd it might be)-2.75 E
(possible to unicast a Bootstrap message to a router during this interv)
72 290.8 Q(al from outside the domain,)-.275 E
(using the spoofed source address of a neighbor)72 303.8 Q 5.5(.T)-.605
G(his can be pre)-5.5 E -.165(ve)-.275 G(nted if PMBRs perform source-)
.165 E(address \214ltering to pre)72 316.8 Q -.165(ve)-.275 G(nt pack)
.165 E(ets entering the PIM domain with IP source addresses that are)
-.11 E(infrastructure addresses in the PIM domain.)72 329.8 Q
(It might also be a good idea to con\214gure the PMBRs)5.5 E
(to not accept an)72 342.8 Q 2.75(yB)-.165 G
(ootstrap messages from outside the domain.)-2.75 E
(One might con\214gure the PMBRs)5.5 E
(to drop all unicast PIM messages \(Bootstrap message, Candidate RP Adv)
72 355.8 Q(ertisement, PIM re)-.165 E(gister)-.165 E(and PIM re)72 368.8
Q(gister stop\).)-.165 E(The principal threat to Bootstrap message secu\
rity comes from hosts within the PIM domain that)72 385.4 Q
(attempt to sub)72 398.4 Q -.165(ve)-.165 G(rt the BSR mechanism.).165 E
(The)5.5 E 2.75(ym)-.165 G
(ay be able to do this by sending PIM messages to)-2.75 E
(their local router)72 411.4 Q 2.75(,o)-.44 G 2.75(rb)-2.75 G 2.75(yu)
-2.75 G
(nicasting a Bootstrap message to another PIM router during the brief)
-2.75 E(interv)72 424.4 Q(al after it has restarted.)-.275 E
(The use of unicast BSMs is for backw)72 441 Q(ards compatibility only)
-.11 E 5.5(.D)-.715 G(ue to the possible security)-5.5 E
(implications, implementations supporting unicast BSMs should pro)72 454
Q(vide a con\214guration option for)-.165 E(whether the)72 467 Q 2.75
(ya)-.165 G(re to be used.)-2.75 E F1 2.75(6.3.1. Rejecting)72 493 R
(Bootstrap Messages fr)2.75 E(om In)-.198 E -.11(va)-.44 G
(lid Neighbors).11 E F0(Most hosts that are lik)72 509.6 Q
(ely to attempt to sub)-.11 E -.165(ve)-.165 G(rt PIM BSR are lik).165 E
(ely to be located on leaf subnets.)-.11 E 1.76 -.88(We r)72 522.6 T
(ecommend that implementers pro).88 E
(vide a con\214guration option that speci\214es an interf)-.165 E
(ace is a)-.11 E(leaf subnet, and that no PIM pack)72 535.6 Q
(ets are accepted on such interf)-.11 E(aces.)-.11 E(On multi-access su\
bnets with multiple PIM routers and hosts that are not trusted, we reco\
mmend)72 552.2 Q(that IPsec AH is used to protect communication between\
PIM routers, and that such routers are)72 565.2 Q
(con\214gured to drop and log communication attempts from an)72 578.2 Q
2.75(yh)-.165 G(ost that do not pass the)-2.75 E(authentication check.)
72 591.2 Q(When all the PIM routers are under the same administrati)5.5
E .33 -.165(ve c)-.275 H(ontrol, this).165 E
(authentication may use a con\214gured shared secret.)72 604.2 Q
(The securing of interactions between PIM)5.5 E(neighbors is discussed \
in more detail in the Security Considerations section of [1], and so we\
do)72 617.2 Q(not discuss the details further here.)72 630.2 Q
(The same security mechanisms that can be used to secure)5.5 E(PIM Join\
, Prune and Assert messages should also be used to secure Bootstrap mes\
sages.)72 643.2 Q F1(6.4.)72 669.2 Q F2(Candidate-RP-Adv)5.5 E
(ertisement Message Security)-.13 E F0(Ev)72 685.8 Q
(en if it is not possible to sub)-.165 E -.165(ve)-.165 G
(rt Bootstrap messages, an attack).165 E(er might be able to perform)
-.11 E(most of the same attacks by simply sending C-RP-Adv messages to \
the BSR specifying the)72 698.8 Q(attack)72 711.8 Q(er')-.11 E 2.75(sc)
-.605 G(hoice of RPs.)-2.75 E
(Thus it is necessary to control the sending of C-RP-Adv messages in)5.5
E(essentially the same w)72 724.8 Q
(ays that we control Bootstrap messages.)-.11 E(Ho)5.5 E(we)-.275 E
-.165(ve)-.275 G .88 -.44(r, C).165 H(-RP-Adv messages).44 E
(Bhaskar/Gall/Ling)72 769 Q(ard/V)-.055 E 199.119(enaas Section)-1.221 F
2.75(6.4. [P)2.75 F(age 28])-.165 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 29 29
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 11/Times-Roman@0 SF(INTERNET)72 49 Q 72.802(-DRAFT Expires:)-1.012 F
(August 2007)2.75 E(February 2007)103.569 E
(are unicast and normally tra)72 85 Q -.165(ve)-.22 G 2.75(lm).165 G
(ultiple hops, so controlling them is more dif)-2.75 E(\214cult.)-.275 E
/F1 11/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.75(6.4.1. Non-Cryptographic)72 111 R
(Security of C-RP-Adv Messages)2.75 E F0 1.76 -.88(We r)72 127.6 T
(ecommend that PMBRs are con\214gured to drop C-RP-Adv messages.).88 E
(One might con\214gure)5.5 E(the PMBRs to drop all unicast PIM messages\
\(Bootstrap message, Candidate RP Adv)72 140.6 Q(ertisement,)-.165 E
(PIM re)72 153.6 Q(gister and PIM re)-.165 E(gister stop\).)-.165 E
(PMBRs may also perform source-address \214ltering to)5.5 E(pre)72 166.6
Q -.165(ve)-.275 G(nt pack).165 E(ets entering the PIM domain with IP s\
ource addresses that are infrastructure)-.11 E
(addresses in the PIM domain.)72 179.6 Q 1.76 -.88(We a)5.5 H
(lso recommend that implementations ha).88 E .33 -.165(ve a w)-.22 H
(ay of restricting).055 E
(which IP addresses the BSR accepts C-RP-Adv messages from.)72 192.6 Q
(The BSR can then be con\214gured)5.5 E(to only accept C-RP-Adv message\
s from infrastructure addresses or the subset used for candidate)72
205.6 Q(RPs.)72 218.6 Q(If the unicast and multicast topologies are kno)
72 235.2 Q(wn to be congruent, the follo)-.275 E(wing checks should be)
-.275 E 2.75(made. On)72 248.2 R(interf)2.75 E(aces that are con\214gur\
ed to be leaf subnets, all C-RP-Adv messages should be)-.11 E 2.75
(dropped. On)72 261.2 R(multi-access subnets with multiple PIM routers \
and hosts that are not trusted, the)2.75 E
(router can at least check that the source MA)72 274.2 Q 2.75(Ca)-.44 G
(ddress is that of a v)-2.75 E(alid PIM neighbor)-.275 E(.)-.605 E F1
2.75(6.4.2. Cryptographic)72 300.2 R(Security of C-RP-Adv Messages)2.75
E F0 -.165(Fo)72 316.8 S 2.75(rt).165 G(rue security)-2.75 E 2.75(,w)
-.715 G 2.75(er)-2.75 G
(ecommend that all C-RPs are con\214gured to use IPsec authentication.)
-2.75 E(The)5.5 E(authentication process for a C-RP-Adv message between\
a C-RP and the BSR is identical to the)72 329.8 Q
(authentication process for PIM Re)72 342.8 Q
(gister messages between a DR and the rele)-.165 E -.275(va)-.275 G
(nt RP).275 E 2.75(,e)-1.221 G(xcept that)-2.915 E
(there will normally be fe)72 355.8 Q
(wer C-RPs in a domain than there are DRs, so k)-.275 E .33 -.165(ey m)
-.11 H(anagement is a little).165 E(simpler)72 368.8 Q 5.5(.W)-.605 G
2.75(ed)-6.38 G 2.75(on)-2.75 G
(ot describe the details of this process further here, b)-2.75 E
(ut refer to the Security)-.22 E(Considerations section of [1].)72 381.8
Q(Note that the use of cryptographic security for C-RP-Adv)5.5 E
(messages does not remo)72 394.8 Q .33 -.165(ve t)-.165 H
(he need for the non-cryptographic mechanisms, as e).165 E
(xplained belo)-.165 E -.715(w.)-.275 G F1(6.5.)72 420.8 Q/F2 13
/Times-Bold@0 SF(Denial of Ser)5.5 E(vice using IPsec)-.13 E F0(An addi\
tional concern is that of Denial-of-Service attacks caused by sending h\
igh v)72 437.4 Q(olumes of)-.22 E
(Bootstrap messages or C-RP-Adv messages with in)72 450.4 Q -.275(va)
-.44 G(lid IPsec authentication information.).275 E(It is)5.5 E
(possible that these messages could o)72 463.4 Q -.165(ve)-.165 G
(rwhelm the CPU resources of the recipient.).165 E
(The non-cryptographic security mechanisms abo)72 480 Q .33 -.165(ve r)
-.165 H(estrict from where unicast Bootstrap).165 E
(messages and C-RP-Adv messages are accepted.)72 493 Q
(In addition, we recommend that rate-limiting)5.5 E
(mechanisms can be con\214gured, to be applied to recei)72 506 Q -.275
(va)-.275 G 2.75(lo).275 G 2.75(fu)-2.75 G(nicast PIM pack)-2.75 E 2.75
(ets. The)-.11 F(rate-limiter)2.75 E(MUST independently rate-limit dif)
72 519 Q(ferent types of PIM pack)-.275 E(ets - for e)-.11 E
(xample a \215ood of C-RP-)-.165 E(Adv messages MUST NO)72 532 Q 2.75
(Tc)-.44 G(ause a rate limiter to drop lo)-2.75 E
(w-rate Bootstrap messages.)-.275 E(Such a rate-)5.5 E(limiter might it\
self be used to cause a denial of service attack by causing v)72 545 Q
(alid pack)-.275 E(ets to be)-.11 E(dropped, b)72 558 Q
(ut in practice this is more lik)-.22 E
(ely to constrain bad PIM messages.)-.11 E(The rate limiter will)5.5 E
(pre)72 571 Q -.165(ve)-.275 G(nt attacks on PIM from af).165 E
(fecting other acti)-.275 E(vity on the recei)-.275 E(ving router)-.275
E 2.75(,s)-.44 G(uch as unicast)-2.75 E(routing.)72 584 Q F1(7.)72 610 Q
/F3 14/Times-Bold@0 SF(Contrib)5.5 E(utors)-.28 E F0(Bill Fenner)72
626.6 Q 2.75(,M)-.44 G(ark Handle)-2.75 E 1.43 -.715(y, R)-.165 H
(oger K).715 E(ermode and Da)-.275 E(vid Thaler ha)-.22 E .33 -.165
(ve c)-.22 H(ontrib).165 E(uted greatly to this)-.22 E 2.75(draft. The)
72 639.6 R 2.75(yw)-.165 G(ere authors of this draft up to v)-2.75 E
(ersion 03, and much of the current te)-.165 E(xt comes from)-.165 E
-.165(ve)72 652.6 S(rsion 03.).165 E F1(8.)72 678.6 Q F3(Ackno)5.5 E
(wledgments)-.14 E F0(PIM-SM w)72 695.2 Q(as designed o)-.11 E -.165(ve)
-.165 G 2.75(rm).165 G(an)-2.75 E 2.75(yy)-.165 G(ears by a lar)-2.75 E
(ge group of people, including ideas from Deborah)-.198 E
(Estrin, Dino F)72 708.2 Q(arinacci, Ahmed Helmy)-.165 E 2.75(,S)-.715 G
(te)-2.75 E .33 -.165(ve D)-.275 H(eering, V).165 E
(an Jacobson, C. Liu, Puneet Sharma,)-1.221 E(Liming W)72 721.2 Q(ei, T)
-.88 E(om Pusateri, T)-.88 E(on)-.88 E 2.75(yB)-.165 G
(allardie, Scott Brim, Jon Cro)-2.75 E(wcroft, P)-.275 E
(aul Francis, Joel)-.165 E(Bhaskar/Gall/Ling)72 769 Q(ard/V)-.055 E
207.369(enaas Section)-1.221 F 2.75(8. [P)2.75 F(age 29])-.165 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 30 30
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 11/Times-Roman@0 SF(INTERNET)72 49 Q 72.802(-DRAFT Expires:)-1.012 F
(August 2007)2.75 E(February 2007)103.569 E
(Halpern, Horst Hodel, Polly Huang, Stephen Ostro)72 85 Q
(wski, Lixia Zhang, Girish Chandranmenon,)-.275 E -.165(Pa)72 98 S
(vlin Radosla)-.055 E -2.475 -.22(vo v)-.22 H 2.75(,J)-.495 G
(ohn Zwiebel, Isidor K)-2.75 E(ouv)-.385 E(elas and Hugh Holbrook.)-.165
E(This BSR speci\214cation)5.5 E(dra)72 111 Q(ws hea)-.165 E(vily on te)
-.22 E(xt from RFC 2362.)-.165 E(Man)72 127.6 Q 2.75(ym)-.165 G
(embers of the PIM W)-2.75 E(orking Group ha)-.88 E .33 -.165(ve c)-.22
H(ontrib).165 E(uted comments and corrections for this)-.22 E
(document, including Christopher Thomas Bro)72 140.6 Q
(wn, Ardas Cilingiroglu, Murth)-.275 E 2.75(yE)-.055 G(sak)-2.75 E(onu,)
-.11 E -1.221(Ve)72 153.6 S
(nugopal Hemige, Prashant Jhingran, Rishabh P)1.221 E
(arekh and Katta Sambasi)-.165 E -.275(va)-.275 G(rao.).275 E/F1 11
/Times-Bold@0 SF(9.)72 179.6 Q/F2 14/Times-Bold@0 SF(IAN)5.5 E 3.5(AC)
-.28 G(onsiderations)-3.5 E F0(This document has no actions for IAN)72
196.2 Q(A.)-.385 E F1(10.)72 222.2 Q F2(Normati)5.5 E .28 -.14(ve R)-.14
H(efer).14 E(ences)-.252 E F0([1] W)72 238.8 Q 2.75(.F)-1.012 G(enner)
-2.75 E 2.75(,M)-.44 G 2.75(.H)-2.75 G(andle)-2.75 E 1.43 -.715(y, H)
-.165 H 2.75(.H).715 G(olbrook, I. K)-2.75 E(ouv)-.385 E
(elas, "Protocol Independent Multicast - Sparse)-.165 E
(Mode \(PIM-SM\): Protocol Speci\214cation \(Re)97 251.8 Q
(vised\)", RFC 4601, August 2006.)-.275 E([2] M. Handle)72 268.4 Q 1.43
-.715(y, I)-.165 H 2.75(.K).715 G(ouv)-3.135 E(elas, T)-.165 E 2.75(.S)
-.814 G(peakman, L. V)-2.75 E
(icisano, "Bi-directional Protocol Independent)-.66 E
(Multicast \(BIDIR-PIM\)", Internet Draft draft-ietf-pim-bidir)97 281.4
Q(-08.txt)-.22 E([3] D. Me)72 298 Q(yer)-.165 E 2.75(,")-.44 G
(Administrati)-2.75 E -.165(ve)-.275 G
(ly Scoped IP Multicast", RFC 2365, Jul 1998.).165 E
([4] S. Deering, B. Haberman, T)72 314.6 Q 2.75(.J)-.814 G
(inmei, E. Nordmark, B. Zill, "IPv6 Scoped Address)-2.75 E
(Architecture", RFC 4007, Mar 2005.)97 327.6 Q
([5] R. Hinden, S. Deering, "IP V)72 344.2 Q
(ersion 6 Addressing Architecture", RFC 4291, Feb 2006.)-1.221 E
([6] S. Bradner)72 360.8 Q 2.75(,")-.44 G -2.365 -.275(Ke y)-2.75 H -.11
(wo)3.025 G(rds for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Le).11 E -.165
(ve)-.275 G(ls", BCP 14, RFC 2119,).165 E(Mar 1997.)97 373.8 Q F1(11.)72
399.8 Q F2(Inf)5.5 E(ormati)-.35 E .28 -.14(ve R)-.14 H(efer).14 E
(ences)-.252 E F0([7] D. Estrin et al., "Protocol Independent Multicast\
- Sparse Mode \(PIM-SM\): Protocol)72 416.4 Q
(Speci\214cation", RFC 2362, June 1998 \(no)97 429.4 Q 2.75(wo)-.275 G
(bsolete\).)-2.75 E([8] D. Kim, D. Me)72 446 Q(yer)-.165 E 2.75(,H)-.44
G 2.75(.K)-2.75 G(ilmer)-2.75 E 2.75(,D)-.44 G 2.75(.F)-2.75 G
(arinacci, "An)-2.915 E(ycast Rende)-.165 E -.22(vo)-.275 G
(us Point \(RP\) mechanism using).22 E
(Protocol Independent Multicast \(PIM\) and Multicast Source Disco)97
459 Q -.165(ve)-.165 G(ry Protocol \(MSDP\)",).165 E
(RFC 3446, Jan 2003.)97 472 Q([9] D. F)72 488.6 Q(arinacci, Y)-.165 E
2.75(.C)-1.419 G(ai, "An)-2.75 E
(ycast-RP using PIM", Internet Draft draft-ietf-pim-an)-.165 E
(ycast-rp-07.txt)-.165 E([10] IAN)72 505.2 Q(A, "Address F)-.385 E
(amily Numbers", link)-.165 E(ed from http://www)-.11 E(.iana.or)-.715 E
(g/numbers.html)-.198 E F1 -.55(Au)72 531.2 S(thors' Addr).55 E(esses)
-.198 E F0(Nidhi Bhaskar)108 550.2 Q(Cisco Systems)108 563.2 Q(170 W)108
576.2 Q 2.75(.T)-1.012 G(asman Dri)-3.63 E -.165(ve)-.275 G
(San Jose, CA 95134)108 589.2 Q(USA)108 602.2 Q(nbhaskar@cisco.com)108
615.2 Q(Bhaskar/Gall/Ling)72 769 Q(ard/V)-.055 E 201.869(enaas Section)
-1.221 F 2.75(11. [P)2.75 F(age 30])-.165 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 31 31
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 11/Times-Roman@0 SF(INTERNET)72 49 Q 72.802(-DRAFT Expires:)-1.012 F
(August 2007)2.75 E(February 2007)103.569 E(Ale)108 85 Q(xander Gall)
-.165 E(SWITCH)108 98 Q(Limmatquai 138)108 111 Q -1.221(P.)108 124 S
(O. Box)1.221 E(CH-8021 Zurich)108 137 Q(Switzerland)108 150 Q -.055(ga)
108 163 S(ll@switch.ch).055 E(James Ling)108 188 Q(ard)-.055 E
(Arastra, Inc.)108 201 Q -1.221(P.)108 214 S(O. Box 10905)1.221 E -.165
(Pa)108 227 S(lo Alto, CA 94303).165 E(USA)108 240 Q(jchl@arastra.com)
108 253 Q(Stig V)108 278 Q(enaas)-1.221 E(UNINETT)108 291 Q(NO-7465 T)
108 304 Q(rondheim)-.385 E(Norw)108 317 Q(ay)-.11 E -.165(ve)108 330 S
(naas@uninett.no).165 E/F1 11/Times-Bold@0 SF(Copyright Statement)72 362
Q F0(Cop)72 378.6 Q(yright \(C\) The IETF T)-.11 E(rust \(2007\).)-.385
E(This document is subject to the rights, licenses and restrictions con\
tained in BCP 78, and e)72 395.2 Q(xcept)-.165 E
(as set forth therein, the authors retain all their rights.)72 408.2 Q
(This document and the information contained herein are pro)72 424.8 Q
(vided on an "AS IS" basis and THE)-.165 E(CONTRIB)72 437.8 Q(UT)-.11 E
(OR, THE ORGANIZA)-.198 E(TION HE/SHE REPRESENTS OR IS SPONSORED BY)
-1.221 E(\(IF ANY\), THE INTERNET SOCIETY)72 450.8 Q 2.75(,T)-1.419 G
(HE IETF TR)-2.75 E(UST AND THE INTERNET)-.44 E(ENGINEERING T)72 463.8 Q
(ASK FORCE DISCLAIM ALL W)-1.023 E(ARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED,)-1.32
E(INCLUDING B)72 476.8 Q(UT NO)-.11 E 2.75(TL)-.44 G(IMITED T)-2.75 E
2.75(OA)-.198 G(NY W)-2.75 E(ARRANTY THA)-1.32 E 2.75(TT)-1.221 G
(HE USE OF THE)-2.75 E(INFORMA)72 489.8 Q(TION HEREIN WILL NO)-1.221 E
2.75(TI)-.44 G(NFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED)-2.75 E -1.32(WA)72
502.8 S(RRANTIES OF MERCHANT)1.32 E(ABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A P)-1.023 E
(AR)-1.012 E(TICULAR PURPOSE.)-.66 E F1(Intellectual Pr)72 528.8 Q
(operty)-.198 E F0(The IETF tak)72 545.4 Q(es no position re)-.11 E
-.055(ga)-.165 G(rding the v).055 E(alidity or scope of an)-.275 E 2.75
(yI)-.165 G(ntellectual Property Rights or)-2.75 E(other rights that mi\
ght be claimed to pertain to the implementation or use of the technolog\
y)72 558.4 Q(described in this document or the e)72 571.4 Q
(xtent to which an)-.165 E 2.75(yl)-.165 G
(icense under such rights might or might)-2.75 E(not be a)72 584.4 Q
-.275(va)-.22 G(ilable; nor does it represent that it has made an).275 E
2.75(yi)-.165 G(ndependent ef)-2.75 E(fort to identify an)-.275 E 2.75
(ys)-.165 G(uch)-2.75 E 2.75(rights. Information)72 597.4 R(on the proc\
edures with respect to rights in RFC documents can be found in)2.75 E
(BCP 78 and BCP 79.)72 610.4 Q
(Copies of IPR disclosures made to the IETF Secretariat and an)72 627 Q
2.75(ya)-.165 G(ssurances of licenses to be made)-2.75 E -.22(av)72 640
S(ailable, or the result of an attempt made to obtain a general license\
or permission for the use of)-.055 E(such proprietary rights by implem\
enters or users of this speci\214cation can be obtained from the)72 653
Q(IETF on-line IPR repository at http://www)72 666 Q(.ietf.or)-.715 E
(g/ipr)-.198 E(.)-.605 E(The IETF in)72 682.6 Q(vites an)-.44 E 2.75(yi)
-.165 G(nterested party to bring to its attention an)-2.75 E 2.75(yc)
-.165 G(op)-2.75 E(yrights, patents or patent)-.11 E
(applications, or other proprietary rights that may co)72 695.6 Q -.165
(ve)-.165 G 2.75(rt).165 G(echnology that may be required to)-2.75 E
(implement this standard.)72 708.6 Q
(Please address the information to the IETF at ietf-ipr@ietf.or)5.5 E
(g.)-.198 E(Bhaskar/Gall/Ling)72 769 Q(ard/V)-.055 E 201.869
(enaas Section)-1.221 F 2.75(11. [P)2.75 F(age 31])-.165 E 0 Cg EP
%%Trailer
end
%%EOF
| PAFTECH AB 2003-2026 | 2026-04-22 07:33:05 |