One document matched: draft-ietf-pana-ipsec-06.txt

Differences from draft-ietf-pana-ipsec-05.txt



   PANA Working Group                                                   
   Internet Draft                                      M. Parthasarathy 
   Document: draft-ietf-pana-ipsec-06.txt                         Nokia 
   Expires: November 2005                                      May 2005 
 
                                       
                 PANA Enabling IPsec based Access Control 
 
Status of this Memo 
    
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   have been or will be disclosed, and any of which he or she becomes 
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   This Internet-Draft will expire on November 2005. 
     
Copyright Notice 
 
   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2005). All Rights Reserved.  
 
Abstract 
    
   PANA (Protocol for carrying Authentication for Network Access) is a 
   protocol for authenticating clients to the access network using IP 
   based protocols.  The PANA protocol authenticates the client and also 
   establishes a PANA security association between the PANA client and 
   PANA authentication agent at the end of a successful authentication. 
   This document discusses the details for establishing an IPsec 
   security association using the PANA security association for enabling 
   IPsec based access control. 
    
Table of Contents 
    
 
 
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   1.0 Introduction..................................................2 
   2.0 Keywords......................................................4 
   3.0 Pre-requisites for IPsec SA establisment......................4 
   4.0 IP Address Configuration......................................4 
   5.0 IKE Pre-shared key derivation.................................5 
   6.0 IKE and IPsec details.........................................6 
   7.0 Packet Formats................................................7 
   8.0 IPsec SPD entries.............................................8 
   9.0 Dual Stack Operation.........................................12 
   10.0 Security considerations.....................................12 
   11.0 Normative References........................................12 
   12.0 Informative References......................................13 
   13.0 Acknowledgments.............................................14 
   14.0 Revision log................................................14 
   15.0 Appendix A..................................................15 
   16.0 Author's Addresses..........................................16 
   Intellectual Property Statement..................................16 
   Disclaimer of Validity...........................................17 
   Copyright Statement..............................................17 
   Acknowledgment...................................................17 
    
    
1.0 Introduction 
    
   PANA (Protocol for carrying Authentication for Network Access) is a 
   protocol [PANA-PROT] for authenticating clients to the access network 
   using IP based protocols.  The PANA protocol authenticates the client 
   and also establishes a PANA security association between the PANA 
   client (PaC) and PANA authentication agent (PAA) at the end of 
   successful authentication. The PAA indicates the results of the 
   authentication using the PANA-Bind-Request message wherein it can 
   indicate the access control method enforced by the access network. 
   The PANA protocol [PANA-PROT] does not discuss any details of IPsec 
   [RFC2401] security association (SA) establishment, when IPsec is used 
   for access control. This document discusses the details of 
   establishing an IPsec security association between the PANA client 
   and the enforcement point. The IPsec SA is established using IKE 
   [RFC2409], which in turn uses the pre-shared key derived from the EAP 
   authentication (AAA-Key). The IPsec SA used to protect the packet 
   provides the assurance that the packet comes from the client that 
   authenticated to the network.  Thus, the IPsec SA can be used for 
   access control and specifically used to prevent the service theft 
   mentioned in [PANA-THREATS]. The term "access control" in this 
   document refers to the per-packet authentication provided by IPsec. 
   IPsec is used to protect packets flowing between PaC and EP in both 
   directions. 
    
   Please refer to [PANAREQ] for terminology and definitions of terms 
   used in this document. The PANA framework document [PANA-FRAME] 
 
 
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   describes the deployment scenarios for IPsec. The following picture 
   illustrates what is being protected with IPsec. The different 
   scenarios of PANA usage are described in the [PANAREQ]. When IPsec is 
   used, scenarios 3 and 5 are supported as shown below. As shown in 
   Figure 1, the Enforcement Point (EP), Access Router (AR) and the PANA 
   authentication agent are co-located which is described as scenario 3 
   in [PANAREQ]. 
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
                      PaC ------------------+ 
                                            | 
                                            +---EP/AR/PAA----Intranet/Internet 
                                            | 
                      PaC ------------------+ 
                       
                      <-----------IPsec--------> 
    
                          Figure 1: PAA/EP/AR are co-located 
 
   As show in Figure 2, only the AR and EP are co-located. The PAA is a 
   separate node though located on the same link as the AR and EP. All 
   of them are one IP hop away from the PaC. This is the same as 
   scenario 5 described in [PANAREQ]. 
                                         
                      PaC ------------------+ 
                                            | 
                                            +---PAA 
                                            | 
                                            +---EP/AR-----Intranet/Internet 
                                            | 
                      PaC ------------------+ 
                                             
 
                      <-----------IPsec--------> 
    
                          Figure 2: EP and AR are co-located 
 
    
   The IPsec security association protects the traffic between the PaC 
   and EP. In IPsec terms, the EP is a security gateway (therefore a 
   router) and forwards packets coming from the PaC to other nodes. 
    
   First, this document discusses some of the pre-requisites for IPsec 
   SA establishment. Next, it gives details on what should be 

 
 
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   communicated between the PAA and EP. Then, it gives the details of 
   IKE exchange with IPsec packet formats and SPD entries. Finally, it 
   discusses the dual stack operation. 
 
2.0 Keywords 
     
   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", 
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this 
   document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2118].  
 
    
3.0 Pre-requisites for IPsec SA establisment 
 
   This document assumes that the following have already happened before 
   the IKE exchange starts. 
    
     1) The PaC) and PAA mutually authenticate each other using an EAP 
        method that is able to derive a AAA-key [EAP-KEY]. 
      
     2) The PaC learns the IP address of the Enforcement point (EP) 
        during the PANA exchange. 
    
     3) The PaC learns that the network uses IPsec [RFC2401] for 
        securing the link between the PaC and EP during the PANA 
        exchange. 
 
4.0 IP Address Configuration 
 
   The IP address configuration is explained in [PANA-FRAME]. Some of 
   the details relevant to IPsec are briefly repeated here for clarity.  
   The PaC configures an IP address before the PANA protocol exchange 
   begins. This address is called a pre-PANA address (PRPA). After a 
   successful authentication, the client may have to configure a post-
   PANA address (POPA) for communication with other nodes, if PRPA is a 
   local-use (e.g., link-local or private address) or a temporarily 
   allocated IP address. 
    
   The PRPA of the PaC may be a link-local address [IPV4-LINK] or a 
   private address [RFC1918] or a routable address or an IPv6 link-local 
   address or global address [RFC2462]. Please refer to [PANA-FRAME] for 
   more details on how these addresses may be configured. The PaC would 
   use the PRPA as the outer address of IPsec tunnel mode SA (IPsec-
   TOA). The PaC also needs to configure an inner address (IPsec-TIA). 
   There are different ways to configure IPsec-TIA. 
    
     1) Some IPv4 IPsec implementations are known to work properly when 
        the same address is configured as both the IPsec-TIA and IPsec-
        TOA. When PRPA is a routable address, the PRPA may be used as 
        both the IPsec-TIA and IPsec-TOA and POPA may not be configured. 
 
 
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     2) In IPv4, an IPsec-TIA can be obtained via the configuration 
        method available using DHCP over IPsec tunnels [RFC3456]. The 
        minor difference from the original usage of [RFC3456] is that 
        the IPsec-TOA does not need to be a routable address when 
        [RFC3456] is used between the PaC and EP. 
 
     3) When IKEv2 [IKEV2] is used for security association negotiation, 
        the address configuration method available in [IKEV2] can be 
        used for configuring the IPsec-TIA for both IPv4 and IPv6. 
    
   There are other address configuration methods possible. They have 
   some implementation issues, which are described in the Appendix A. 
 
5.0 IKE Pre-shared key derivation 
    
   If the network chooses IPsec to secure the link between the PaC and 
   EP, the PAA should communicate the IKE pre-shared key (Pac-EP Master 
   Key), Key-Id, the device identifier of the PaC, and the session-Id to 
   the EP before the IKE exchange begins. Whenever the IKE pre-shared 
   key changes due to re-authentication as described below, the new 
   value is computed by the PAA and communicated to the EP with all the 
   other parameters. 
    
   The IKE exchange between the PaC and PAA is equivalent to the 4-way 
   handshake in [IEEE80211i] following the EAP exchange. The IKE 
   exchange establishes the IPsec SA similar to the pair-wise transient 
   key (PTK) established in [IEEE80211i]. The IKE exchange provides both 
   key confirmation and protected cipher-suite negotiation. 
    
   The IKE pre-shared key is derived as follows. 
    
   IKE Pre-shared Key = HMAC-SHA-1 (AAA-Key, "IKE-preshared key" | 
                           Session ID | Key-ID | EP-address) 
    
   The values have the following meaning:   
    
   AAA-Key: A key derived by the peer and EAP server and transported to 
   the authenticator [EAP-KEY]. 
    
   Session ID: The value as defined in the PANA protocol [PANA-PROT], 
   identifies a particular session of a client. 
    
   Key-ID: This identifies the AAA-Key within a given session [PANA-
   PROT]. During the lifetime of the PANA session, there could be 
   multiple runs of EAP re-authentications. As EAP re-authentication 
   changes the AAA-Key, Key-ID is used to identify the right AAA-Key. 
   This is contained in the Key-ID AVP [PANA-PROT]. 
    
 
 
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   EP-address: This is the address of the enforcement point with which 
   the IKE exchange is being performed. When the PAA is controlling 
   multiple EPs, this provides a different pre-shared key for each of 
   the EPs. 
    
   The character "|" denotes concatenation as defined in [RFC2409]. 
    
   During EAP re-authentication, the AAA-Key changes. Whenever the AAA-
   Key changes, a new value of Key-ID is established between the PaC and 
   PAA/EP as defined in [PANA-PROT]. If there is already an IKE SA or 
   IPsec SA established, it MUST continue to be used till it expires. A 
   change in the value of AAA-Key MUST NOT result in re-negotiating a 
   new IKE SA or IPsec SA immediately. The IKE PSK continues to exist 
   even after the AAA-Key from which it is derived expires. When the 
   IPsec SA expires, a new IPsec SA is negotiated without negotiating a 
   new IKE SA. When the IKE SA expires, a new IKE PSK is derived from 
   the latest AAA-key and used in negotiating the IKE SA and IPsec SA. 
   In case where two runs of EAP authentication (NAP/ISP) are performed 
   during a single PANA authentication phase, a AAA-Key is derived from 
   both authentications as specified in the [PANA-PROT]. 
    
 
6.0 IKE and IPsec details 
    
   IKE [RFC2409] MUST be used for establishing the IPsec SA. The details 
   specified in this document works with IKEv2 [IKEV2] as well as IKE. 
   Any difference between them would be explicitly noted. PANA 
   authenticates the client and network, and derives the keys to protect 
   the traffic. Hence, manual keying cannot be used. If IKE is used, 
   aggressive mode with pre-shared key MUST be supported. The PaC and EP 
   SHOULD use the following value in the payload of the ID_KEY_ID to 
   identify the pre-shared key. 
    
           ID_KEY_ID data = (Session-Id | Key-Id) 
    
   The Session-Id and Key-Id are the values contained in the data 
   portion of the Session-Id and Key-Id AVP respectively [PANA-PROT]. 
   They are concatenated to form the content of ID_KEY_ID data. IP 
   addresses cannot be used as identifier as the same PaC or different 
   PaC may use the same IP address across a PANA session. For the same 
   reason, main mode of IKE cannot be used, as it requires addresses to 
   be used as identifiers. 
    
   If IKE is used, a quick mode exchange is performed to establish an 
   ESP tunnel mode IPsec SA for protecting the traffic between the PaC 
   and EP. In IKEv2, the initial exchange (IKE_SA_INIT and IKE_AUTH) 
   creates the IPsec SA also. The identities (traffic selectors in 
   IKEv2) used during Phase 2 are explained in the next section. As 
   mentioned in section 4.0, an address (POPA) may also have to be 
 
 
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   configured. The address configuration method to be used by the PaC is 
   indicated in the PANA-Bind-Request message at the end of the 
   successful PANA authentication. The PaC chooses the appropriate 
   method and replies back in PANA-Bind-Answer message. 
 
7.0 Packet Formats 
 
   Following acronyms are used throughout this document. 
 
   PAC-TIA denotes the IPsec-TIA used by the PaC. PAC-TIA may be set to 
   a PRPA when the same PRPA is used as the IPsec-TIA and IPsec-TOA on 
   the PaC. Otherwise, PAC-TIA is set to the POPA. 
    
   PAC-TOA denotes the IPsec-TOA used by the PaC. 
    
   EP-ADDR denotes the address of the EP. 
    
   The node with which the PaC is communicating is denoted by END-ADDR. 
 
   Following is the IPv4 packet format on the wire for packets sent from 
   the PaC to the EP: 
    
         IPv4 header      (source = PAC-TOA, 
                           destination = EP-ADDR) 
         ESP  header 
         IPv4 header      (source = PAC-TIA, 
                           destination = END-ADDR) 
    
   Following is the IPv6 packet format on the wire for packets sent from 
   the PaC to the EP: 
    
         IPv6 header      (source = PAC-TOA, 
                           destination = EP-ADDR) 
         ESP  header 
         IPv6 header      (source = PAC-TIA, 
                           destination = END-ADDR) 
    
   Following is the IPv4 packet format on the wire for packets sent from 
   the EP to the PaC: 
 
         IPv4 header      (source = EP-ADDR, 
                           destination = PAC-TOA) 
         ESP  header 
         IPv4 header      (source = END-ADDR, 
                           destination = PAC-TIA) 
    
   Following is the IPv6 packet format on the wire for packets sent from 
   the EP to the PaC: 
 
 
 
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         IPv6 header      (source = EP-ADDR, 
                           destination = PAC-TOA) 
         ESP  header 
         IPv6 header      (source = END-ADDR, 
                           destination = PAC-TIA) 
    
8.0 IPsec SPD entries 
    
   The SPD entries for IPv4 and IPv6 are specified separately as they 
   are different. All the SPD entries described below are dynamically 
   created. When the same address is used as IPsec-TIA and IPsec-TOA, 
   the EP can add the entry to the SPD before the IKE exchange starts, 
   as it knows the address a priori. When IKEv2 [IKEV2] or [RFC3456] is 
   used for address configuration, the SPD entry cannot be created until 
   the IPsec SA is successfully negotiated as the address is not known a 
   priori. This is very similar to the road warrior case described in 
   [IPSEC-BIS]. In this case, an SPD entry with a name selector is used 
   and when the IPsec SA is successfully negotiated, a new SPD entry is 
   created with the appropriate addresses. The name used here could be 
   the contents of ID_KEY_ID payload. The SPD entries shown below are 
   the entries that are added after the successful IPsec SA negotiation. 
    
   In environments where the PaC is a router, the IPsec-TIA can be a 
   range of addresses (prefix) instead of a single host address. The PaC 
   acts like a security gateway in this case establishing the IPsec SA 
   with another security gateway (EP). This scenario is supported by 
   [RFC2401] and [IPSEC-BIS]. It is assumed that the PaC obtains the 
   prefix through other mechanisms not defined in this document. When 
   the IPsec SA is negotiated, the prefix is carried in the traffic 
   selectors. 
    
   The SPD entries shown here affect the flow of data traffic, which 
   includes neighbor discovery messages for IPv6. The SPD entries in the 
   PaC protect all the traffic with source address set to IPsec-TIA. 
   When IPsec-TIA and IPsec-TOA are the same (as discussed in section 
   4.0), the PANA traffic also gets protected with IPsec. The PANA 
   traffic destined to the PAA from the PaC is forwarded to PAA after 
   decrementing the TTL in the IP header. The PAA would drop the packet 
   if the TTL is not 255. Hence, we need explicit entries to bypass 
   IPsec protection for PANA traffic on PaC. This may not be needed 
   always for traffic going from PAA to PaC. If PAA and EP are not co-
   located, PAA would send traffic directly to PaC without going through 
   EP. Hence, EP does not need to have SPD entries to bypass IPsec in 
   this case. If PAA and EP are co-located, the PANA packets will be 
   protected with IPsec only if the IPsec-TIA and IPsec-TOA are same. 
   Hence, we need explicit entries to bypass IPsec protection when PAA 
   and EP are co-located.   
    
      If source_port = PANA_PORT OR dest_port = PANA_PORT 
 
 
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          THEN BYPASS 
    
   PANA_PORT is the IANA assigned (TBD) PANA protocol number [PANA-
   PROT]. There may be other protocols that expect the TTL to be 255 
   whose SPD entries are not shown here. Also, when the PaC is using 
   IPsec for remote access, there may be additional SPD entries and 
   IPsec security associations, which are not discussed in this 
   document. 
 
 
8.1 IPv4 SPD entries 
 
   PaC's SPD OUT: 
    
             IF source_port = PANA_PORT OR dest_port = PANA_PORT 
              THEN BYPASS 
    
             IF source = PAC-TIA & destination = any 
              THEN USE ESP TUNNEL MODE SA: 
              outer source = PAC-TOA 
              outer destination = EP-ADDR 
    
   PaC's SPD IN: 
    
            IF source_port = PANA_PORT OR dest_port = PANA_PORT 
              THEN BYPASS 
    
            IF source = any & destination = PAC-TIA 
             THEN USE ESP TUNNEL MODE SA: 
             outer source = EP-ADDR 
             outer destination = PAC-TOA 
             
   EP's SPD OUT: 
    
            IF source_port = PANA_PORT OR dest_port = PANA_PORT 
              THEN BYPASS 
    
            IF source = any & destination = PAC-TIA 
             THEN USE ESP TUNEL MODE SA: 
             outer source = EP-ADDR 
             outer destination = PAC-TOA 
    
   EP's SPD IN: 
    
            IF source_port = PANA_PORT OR dest_port = PANA_PORT 
              THEN BYPASS 
    
            IF source = PAC-TIA & destination = any 
             THEN USE ESP TUNNEL MODE SA: 
 
 
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              outer source = PAC-TOA 
              outer destination = EP-ADDR 
    
   During the IPsec SA setup, the PaC uses PAC-TIA as its phase 2 
   identity (IDci) and EP uses ID_IPV4_ADDR_RANGE or ID_IPV4_ADDR_SUBNET 
   as its phase 2 identity. The starting address is zero IP address and 
   the end address is all ones for ID_IPV4_ADDR_RANGE. The starting 
   address is zero IP address and the end address is all zeroes for 
   ID_IPV4_ADDR_SUBNET. 
    
8.2 IPv6 SPD entries 
    
   The IPv6 SPD entries are slightly different from IPv4 to prevent the 
   neighbor and router discovery [RFC2461] packets from being protected 
   with IPsec. The first three entries of the following SPD entries 
   bypass IPsec protection for neighbor and router discovery packets. 
   The latest version of the IPsec [IPSEC-BIS] document allows traffic 
   selectors to be based on ICMPv6 type and code values. In that case, 
   the first three entries can be based on ICMPv6 type and code values. 
    
   Pac's SPD OUT: 
    
             IF source = ::/128  & destination = any 
              THEN BYPASS 
    
             IF source = fe80::/10 & destination = any 
             THEN BYPASS 
           
             IF source = any & destination = fe80::/10 
              THEN BYPASS 
 
             IF source_port = PANA_PORT OR dest_port = PANA_PORT 
              THEN BYPASS 
 
             IF source = PAC-TIA & destination = any 
              THEN USE ESP TUNNEL MODE SA: 
                 outer source = PAC-TOA 
                 outer destination = EP-ADDR 
    
   PaC's SPD IN: 
    
             IF source = ::/128 & destination = any 
              THEN BYPASS 
    
             IF source = fe80::/10 & destination = any 
             THEN BYPASS 
           
             IF source = any & destination = fe80::/10 
              THEN BYPASS 
 
 
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             IF source_port = PANA_PORT OR dest_port = PANA_PORT 
              THEN BYPASS 
    
             IF source = any & destination = PAC-TIA 
                 THEN USE ESP TUNNEL MODE SA:  
                    outer source = EP-ADDR 
                    outer destination = PAC-TOA 
              
   EP's SPD OUT: 
    
             IF source = ::/128 & destination = any 
              THEN BYPASS 
    
             IF source = fe80::/10 & destination = any 
             THEN BYPASS 
           
             IF source = any & destination = fe80::/10 
              THEN BYPASS 
 
              IF source_port = PANA_PORT OR dest_port = PANA_PORT 
               THEN BYPASS 
 
             IF source = any & destination = PAC-TIA 
                 THEN USE ESP TUNNEL MODE SA: 
                    outer source = EP-ADDR 
                    outer destination = PAC-TOA 
    
   EP's SPD IN: 
    
             IF source = ::/128 & destination = any 
              THEN BYPASS 
    
             IF source = fe80::/10 & destination = any 
             THEN BYPASS 
           
             IF source = any & destination = fe80::/10 
              THEN BYPASS 
 
             IF source_port = PANA_PORT OR dest_port = PANA_PORT 
              THEN BYPASS 
 
             IF source = PAC-TIA & destination = any 
              THEN USE ESP TUNNEL MODE SA: 
                 outer source = PAC-TOA 
                 outer destination = EP-ADDR 
    
    

 
 
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   During the IPsec SA setup, the PaC uses PAC-TIA as its phase 2 
   identity (IDci) and the EP uses ID_IPV6_ADDR_RANGE or 
   ID_IPV6_ADDR_SUBNET as its phase 2 identity. The starting address is 
   zero IP address and the end address is all ones for 
   ID_IPV6_ADDR_RANGE. The starting address is zero IP address and the 
   end address is all zeroes for ID_IPV6_ADDR_SUBNET. 
    
9.0 Dual Stack Operation 
 
   IKEv2 [IKEV2] can enable configuration of IPsec-TIA for both IPv4 and 
   IPv6 TIAs by sending both IPv4 and IPv6 configuration attributes in 
   the configuration request (CFG-REQUEST). This enables use of single 
   IPsec tunnel mode SA for sending both IPv4 and IPv6 traffic. 
   Therefore, IKEv2 is recommended for handling dual-stack PaCs where 
   single execution of IKE is desired. 
 
10.0 Security considerations 
    
   This document discusses the use of IPsec for access control when PANA 
   is used for authenticating the clients to the access network. 
    
   The aggressive mode in IKE [RFC2409] is considered bad due to its DoS 
   properties i.e., any attacker can bombard IKE aggressive mode packets 
   making the EP perform heavy diffie-hellman calculations. As the 
   ID_KEY_ID can be verified by the EP before doing the diffie-hellman 
   calculation, it prevents random attacks. The attacker now needs to 
   listen on the traffic between PaC and PAA to originate IKE requests 
   with valid ID_KEY_ID.  
    
   If the EP does not verify whether the PaC is authorized to use an IP 
   address, it is possible for the PaC to steal the traffic destined to 
   some other PaC. When IKEv2 [IKEV2] and [RFC3456] are used for address 
   configuration, the address is assigned by the EP and hence this 
   attack is not present in such cases. When the same address is used as 
   both IPsec-TIA and IPsec-TOA, the EP creates the SPD entry with the 
   appropriate address for the PaC and hence the address is verified 
   implicitly by the virtue of successful IPsec SA negotiation. 
    
   When IPv6 is used, the SPD entries bypass all link-local traffic 
   without applying IPsec. This should not be a limitation as the link-
   local address is used only by link-local services e.g. neighbor and 
   router discovery, which could use [SEND] to protect their traffic. 
   Moreover, this limitation may not be there in the future if IPsec 
   extends the SPD selectors to specify ICMP types. 
 
11.0 Normative References 
 
   Bradner, S., "The Internet Standards Process -- Revision 3", BCP 9, 
      RFC 2026, October 1996. 
 
 
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   [RFC2401] S. Kent et al., "Security Architecture for the Internet 
      Protocol", RFC 2401, November 1998 
    
   [PANA-PROT] D. Fosberg et al., "Protocol for Carrying Authentication 
      for Network Access", draft-ietf-pana-05.txt 
    
   [PANA-THREATS] M. Parthasarathy, "PANA Threat analysis and security 
      requirements", draft-ietf-pana-threats-eval-04.txt 
 
12.0 Informative References 
 
   [PANAREQ] A. Yegin et al., "Protocol for Carrying Authentication for 
      Network Access (PANA) Requirements and Terminology", draft-ietf-
      pana-requirements-09.txt 
    
   [PANA-FRAME] P. Jayaraman et al., "PANA Framework", draft-ietf-pana-
      framework-01.txt  
    
   [RFC2119] S. Bradner, "Key words for use in RFCS to indicate 
      requirement levels", RFC 2119, March 1997 
    
   [RFC2409] D. Harkins et al., "Internet Key Exchange", RFC 2409, 
      November 1998 
    
   [IKEV2] C. Kauffman et al., "Internet Key Exchange(IKEv2) Protocol", 
      draft-ietf-ipsec-ikev2-15.txt 
    
   [IPSEC-BIS] S. Kent, "Security Architecture for the Internet 
      Protocol", draft-ietf-ipsec-rfc2401bis-00.txt 
    
   [RFC2131] R. Droms, "Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol", RFC 2131, 
      March 1997 
    
   [RFC3456] B. Patel et al., "Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol 
      (DHCPv4) Configuration of IPsec Tunnel Mode", RFC 3456, January 
      2003 
    
   [RFC3315] R. Droms et. al, "Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for 
      IPv6", RFC 3315, July 2003 
     
   [RFC2461] T. Narten et al., "Neighbor Discovery for IP version 6 
      (IPv6) ", RFC 2461, December 1998 
    
   [RFC2462] S. Thomson et. al, "IPv6 Stateless Address 
      Autoconfiguration", RFC 2462, December 1998 
    
   [RFC3041] T. Narten et al., "Privacy Extensions for Stateless Address 
      Autoconfiguration in IPv6", RFC 3041, January 2001 
 
 
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   [EAP-KEY] D. Simon et al., "EAP Key Management Framework", draft-
      ietf-eap-keying-02.txt 
    
   [SEND] J. Arkko et al., "Secure Neighbor Discovery", draft-ietf-send-
      ndopt-06.txt 
    
   [IPV4-LINK] B. Aboba et al., "Dynamic configuration of Link-local 
      IPv4 addresses", draft-ietf-zeroconf-ipv4-linklocal-12.txt 
    
   [RFC1918] Y. Rekhter et al., "Address Allocation for Private 
      Internets", BCP 5, RFC 1918, February 1996 
    
   [IEEE80211i] IEEE Draft 802.11I/D5.0, "Draft Supplement to STANDARD 
      FOR Telecommunications and Information Exchange between Systems û 
      LAN/MAN Specific Requirements - Part 11: Wireless Medium Access 
      Control (MAC) and physical layer specifications: Specification for 
      Enhanced Security", August 2003. 
 
13.0 Acknowledgments 
    
   The author would like to thank Francis Dupont, Pasi Eronen, Yoshihiro 
   Ohba, Jari Arkko, Hannes Tschofenig, Alper Yegin, Erik Nordmark, 
   Giaretta Gerardo, Rafa Marin Lopez, Tero Kivinen and other PANA WG 
   members for their valuable comments and discussions. 
    
14.0 Revision log 
 
   Changes between revision 05 and 06 
    
   -Clarified that PRPA can be a global address also in IPv6. 
 
   Changes between revision 04 and 05 
    
   -working group last call comments (mostly editorial) 
    
   Changes between revision 03 and 04 
    
   -Comments from Erik Nordmark (mostly editorial) 
    
   Changes between revision 02 and 03 
    
   -Clarified the use of key-Id in ID_KEY_ID payload 
   -Clarified the address configuration issues. 
   -Added an Appendix to clarify implementation issues. 
    
   Changes between revision 01 and 02 
    
   -Updated the draft with the fixes for all open issues 
 
 
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   -Added the IP configuration section 
   -Modified the IKE pre-shared key derivation to handle PAA controlling 
   multiple EPs 
   -Clarification regarding DHCP usage and RFC3456 usage. 
   -Only aggressive mode to be supported. Main mode not needed anymore. 
 
   Changes between revision 00 and 01 
    
   -Specified the use of ESP tunnel mode SA instead of IP-IP transport 
   mode SA after working group discussion. 
   -Specified the IKE pre-shared key derivation. 
 
15.0 Appendix A 
 
   This section describes the alternate address configuration methods 
   for Post-PANA address (POPA) and the issues associated with it. As 
   mentioned in section 4, there are multiple ways by which the PaC may 
   configure the POPA address. Only [IKEV2] and [RFC3456] address 
   configuration methods were described in section 4. Other 
   possibilities and the issues are as follows. 
    
     1) Some IKEv1 implementations support IKEv1 MODECFG for configuring 
        IP address. There is no RFC describing MODECFG feature of IKEv1. 
        Also, there is not much information on its widespread support 
        among the implementations. Hence, this document does not 
        recommend it. 
 
     2) The address may also be obtained using DHCP [RFC2131] [RFC3315] 
        before the IKE exchange starts. Normally the implementations 
        associate the address and other configuration information (e.g.,  
        the default router address) with the interface on which the DHCP 
        is performed. This can cause problems with implementations if 
        they attempt to use an IP address that is configured via 
        [RFC2131] [RFC3315] on the physical interface and use it as the 
        IPsec-TIA on the IPsec tunnel interface. This may work without 
        problems when the IPsec-TIA and IPsec-TOA are same as the IPv4 
        PRPA that was obtained using DHCP, as the source address 
        selection has to deal with just one address. But using an IPv4 
        IPsec-TOA different than the IPsec-TIA on a single interface may 
        cause source address selection problem, as there is more than 
        one address to be dealt with. Similarly, an IPv6 address 
        obtained and maintained through a physical link but used on a 
        tunnel interface requires additional implementation 
        considerations. Therefore, this document does not handle the 
        case where DHCP is used to acquire an address for the IPsec-TIA 
        that is different from the IPsec-TOA. Note that this case is 
        different from the address configuration using [RFC3456], which 
        also uses DHCP. When [RFC3456] is used, DHCP is run over the 
        IPsec tunnel and the address (IPsec-TIA) is typically assigned 
 
 
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        to the IPsec tunnel interface. The IPsec-TOA is assigned to the 
        physical interface. As there is only one address on each 
        interface, there are no address selection issues. 
 
     3) The address may also be obtained using auto-configuration 
        [RFC2461] including the temporary addresses described in 
        [RFC3041]. The problem described above for DHCP applies to this 
        also. The implementations would associate the auto-configured 
        addresses and the default router with the interface on which the 
        router advertisement was received. As we configure the SPD to 
        bypass IPsec for router discovery and neighbor discovery 
        messages, the address would be associated with the physical 
        interface and not with the IPsec interface. There is also an 
        additional issue, as the address configured by the PaC is not 
        known to the EP. It needs to trust whatever PaC provides in its 
        traffic selector during the IPsec SA negotiation. This leads to 
        a DoS attack where the PaC can steal some other PaC's address, 
        which cannot be prevented unless [SEND] is deployed. 
 
16.0 Author's Addresses 
    
   Mohan Parthasarathy 
   313 Fairchild Drive 
   Mountain View CA-94043 
 
   Email: mohanp@sbcglobal.net 
 
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