One document matched: draft-ietf-mpls-tp-requirements-09.xml


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<rfc category="std" docName="draft-ietf-mpls-tp-requirements-09"
     ipr="trust200811">
  <front>
    <title abbrev="MPLS-TP Requirements">MPLS-TP Requirements</title>

    <author fullname="Ben Niven-Jenkins" initials="B.P." role="editor"
            surname="Niven-Jenkins">
      <organization>BT</organization>

      <address>
        <postal>
          <street>208 Callisto House, Adastral Park</street>

          <city>Ipswich</city>

          <region>Suffolk</region>

          <code>IP5 3RE</code>

          <country>UK</country>
        </postal>

        <email>benjamin.niven-jenkins@bt.com</email>
      </address>
    </author>

    <author fullname="Deborah Brungard" initials="D." role="editor"
            surname="Brungard">
      <organization>AT&T</organization>

      <address>
        <postal>
          <street>Rm. D1-3C22 - 200 S. Laurel Ave.</street>

          <city>Middletown</city>

          <region>NJ</region>

          <code>07748</code>

          <country>USA</country>
        </postal>

        <email>dbrungard@att.com</email>
      </address>
    </author>

    <author fullname="Malcolm Betts" initials="M." role="editor"
            surname="Betts">
      <organization>Nortel Networks</organization>

      <address>
        <postal>
          <street>3500 Carling Avenue</street>

          <city>Ottawa</city>

          <region>Ontario</region>

          <code>K2H 8E9</code>

          <country>Canada</country>
        </postal>

        <email>betts01@nortel.com</email>
      </address>
    </author>

    <author fullname="Nurit Sprecher" initials="N." role="" surname="Sprecher">
      <organization>Nokia Siemens Networks</organization>

      <address>
        <postal>
          <street>3 Hanagar St. Neve Ne'eman B</street>

          <city>Hod Hasharon</city>

          <region></region>

          <code>45241</code>

          <country>Israel</country>
        </postal>

        <email>nurit.sprecher@nsn.com</email>
      </address>
    </author>

    <author fullname="Satoshi Ueno" initials="S." role="" surname="Ueno">
      <organization>NTT</organization>

      <address>
        <postal>
          <street></street>

          <city></city>

          <region></region>

          <code></code>

          <country></country>
        </postal>

        <email>satoshi.ueno@ntt.com</email>
      </address>
    </author>

    <date year="2009" />

    <area>Routing</area>

    <workgroup>MPLS Working Group</workgroup>

    <abstract>
      <t>This document specifies the requirements of an MPLS Transport Profile
      (MPLS-TP). This document is a product of a joint International
      Telecommunications Union (ITU)-IETF effort to include an MPLS Transport
      Profile within the IETF MPLS and PWE3 architectures to support the
      capabilities and functionalities of a packet transport network as
      defined by International Telecommunications Union - Telecommunications
      Standardization Sector (ITU-T).</t>

      <t>This work is based on two sources of requirements; MPLS and PWE3
      architectures as defined by IETF, and packet transport networks as
      defined by ITU-T.</t>

      <t>The requirements expressed in this document are for the behavior of
      the protocol mechanisms and procedures that constitute building blocks
      out of which the MPLS transport profile is constructed. The requirements
      are not implementation requirements.</t>
    </abstract>

    <note title="Requirements Language">
      <t>Although this document is not a protocol specification, the key words
      "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD
      NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" are to be interpreted as
      described in <xref target="RFC2119">RFC 2119</xref> and are to be
      interpreted as instructions to the protocol designers producing
      solutions that satisfy the requirements set out in this document.</t>
    </note>
  </front>

  <middle>
    <section title="Introduction">
      <t>Bandwidth demand continues to grow worldwide, stimulated by the
      accelerating growth and penetration of new packet based services and
      multimedia applications:<list style="symbols">
          <t>Packet-based services such as Ethernet, Voice over IP (VoIP),
          Layer 2 (L2)/Layer 3 (L3) Virtual Private Networks (VPNs), IP
          Television (IPTV), Radio Access Network (RAN) backhauling, etc.,</t>

          <t>Applications with various bandwidth and Quality of Service (QoS)
          requirements.</t>
        </list></t>

      <t>This growth in demand has resulted in dramatic increases in access
      rates that are, in turn, driving dramatic increases in metro and core
      network bandwidth requirements.</t>

      <t>Over the past two decades, the evolving optical transport
      infrastructure (Synchronous Optical Networking (SONET)/Synchronous
      Digital Hierarchy (SDH), Optical Transport Network (OTN)) has provided
      carriers with a high benchmark for reliability and operational
      simplicity.</t>

      <t>With the movement towards packet based services, the transport
      network has to evolve to encompass the provision of packet aware
      capabilities while enabling carriers to leverage their installed, as
      well as planned, transport infrastructure investments.</t>

      <t>Carriers are in need of technologies capable of efficiently
      supporting packet based services and applications on their transport
      networks with guaranteed Service Level Agreements (SLAs). The need to
      increase their revenue while remaining competitive forces operators to
      look for the lowest network Total Cost of Ownership (TCO). Investment in
      equipment and facilities (Capital Expenditure (CAPEX)) and Operational
      Expenditure (OPEX) should be minimized.</t>

      <t>There are a number of technology options for carriers to meet the
      challenge of increased service sophistication and transport efficiency,
      with increasing usage of hybrid packet transport and circuit transport
      technology solutions. To realize these goals, it is essential that
      packet transport technology be available that can support the same high
      benchmarks for reliability and operational simplicity set by SDH/SONET
      and OTN technologies.</t>

      <t>Furthermore for carriers it is important that operation of such
      packet transport networks should preserve the look-and-feel to which
      carriers have become accustomed in deploying their optical transport
      networks, while providing common, multi-layer operations, resiliency,
      control and multi-technology management.</t>

      <t>Transport carriers require control and deterministic usage of network
      resources. They need end-to-end control to engineer network paths and to
      efficiently utilize network resources. They require capabilities to
      support static (management plane based) or dynamic (control plane based)
      provisioning of deterministic, protected and secured services and their
      associated resources.</t>

      <t>It is also important to ensure smooth interworking of the packet
      transport network with other existing/legacy packet networks, and
      provide mappings to enable packet transport carriage over a variety of
      transport network infrastructures. The latter has been termed vertical
      interworking, and is also known as client/server or network
      interworking. The former has been termed horizontal interworking, and is
      also known as peer-partition or service interworking. For more details
      on interworking and some of the issues that may arise (especially with
      horizontal interworking) see <xref target="ITU.G805.2000"> G.805</xref>
      and <xref target="ITU.Y1401.2008">Y.1401</xref>.</t>

      <t>Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) is a maturing packet technology
      and it is already playing an important role in transport networks and
      services. However, not all of MPLS's capabilities and mechanisms are
      needed and/or consistent with transport network operations. There are
      also transport technology characteristics that are not currently
      reflected in MPLS. There is therefore the need to define an MPLS
      Transport Profile (MPLS-TP) that supports the capabilities and
      functionalities needed for packet transport network services and
      operations through combining the packet experience of MPLS with the
      operational experience and practices of existing transport networks.</t>

      <t>MPLS-TP will enable the depoyment of packet based transport networks
      that will efficiently scale to support packet services in a simple and
      cost effective way. MPLS-TP needs to combine the necessary existing
      capabilities of MPLS with additional minimal mechanisms in order that it
      can be used in a transport role.</t>

      <t>This document specifies the requirements of an MPLS Transport Profile
      (MPLS-TP). The requirements are for the behavior of the protocol
      mechanisms and procedures that constitute building blocks out of which
      the MPLS transport profile is constructed. That is, the requirements
      indicate what features are to be available in the MPLS toolkit for use
      by MPLS-TP. The requirements in this document do not describe what
      functions an MPLS-TP implementation supports. The purpose of this
      document is to identify the toolkit and any new protocol work that is
      required.</t>

      <t>Although this document is not a protocol specification, the key words
      "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD
      NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" are used as described in
      <xref target="RFC2119"></xref> and are to be interpreted as instructions
      to the protocol designers producing solutions that satisfy the
      requirements set out in this document.</t>

      <t>This document is a product of a joint ITU-T and IETF effort to
      include an MPLS Transport Profile within the IETF MPLS and PWE3
      architectures to support the capabilities and functionalities of a
      packet transport network as defined by ITU-T.</t>

      <t>This work is based on two sources of requirements, MPLS and PWE3
      architectures as defined by IETF and packet transport networks as
      defined by ITU-T. The requirements of MPLS-TP are provided below. The
      relevant functions of MPLS and PWE3 are included in MPLS-TP, except
      where explicitly excluded.</t>

      <t>Although both static and dynamic configuration of MPLS-TP transport
      paths (including Operations, Administration and Maintenance (OAM) and
      protection capabilities) is required by this document, it MUST be
      possible for operators to be able to completely operate (including OAM
      and protection capabilities) an MPLS-TP network in the absence of any
      control plane.</t>

      <section title="Terminology">
        <t>Note: Mapping between the terms in this section and ITU-T
        terminology is described in <xref
        target="I-D.helvoort-mpls-tp-rosetta-stone"></xref>.</t>

        <t>The recovery requirements in this document use the recovery
        terminology defined in RFC 4427 <xref target="RFC4427"></xref>, this
        is applied to both control plane and management plane based operations
        of MPLS-TP transport paths.</t>

        <section title="Abbreviations">
          <t>ASON: Automatically Switched Optical Network</t>

          <t>ATM: Asynchronous Transfer Mode</t>

          <t>CAPEX: Capital Expenditure</t>

          <t>CE: Customer Edge</t>

          <t>FR: Frame Relay</t>

          <t>GMPLS: Generalised Multi-Protocol Label Switching</t>

          <t>IGP: Interior Gateway Protocol</t>

          <t>IPTV: IP Television</t>

          <t>L2: Layer 2</t>

          <t>L3: Layer 3</t>

          <t>LSP: Label Switched Path</t>

          <t>LSR: Label Switching Router</t>

          <t>MPLS: Multi-Protocol Label Switching</t>

          <t>OAM: Operations, Administration and Maintenance</t>

          <t>OPEX: Operational Expenditure</t>

          <t>OSI: Open Systems Interconnection</t>

          <t>OTN: Optical Transport Network</t>

          <t>P2MP: Point to Multi-Point</t>

          <t>P2P: Point to Point</t>

          <t>PDU: Protocol Data Unit</t>

          <t>PSC: Protection State Coordination</t>

          <t>PW: Pseudo Wire</t>

          <t>QoS: Quality of Service</t>

          <t>SDH: Synchronous Digital Hierarchy</t>

          <t>SLA: Service Level Agreement</t>

          <t>SLS: Service Level Specification</t>

          <t>S-PE: Switching Provider Edge</t>

          <t>SONET: Synchronous Optical Network</t>

          <t>SRLG: Shared Risk Link Group</t>

          <t>TCO: Total Cost of Ownership</t>

          <t>T-PE: Terminating Provider Edge</t>

          <t>VoIP: Voice over IP</t>

          <t>VPN: Virtual Private Network</t>

          <t>WDM: Wavelength Division Multiplexing</t>
        </section>

        <section title="Definitions">
          <t>Note: The definition of segment in a GMPLS/ASON context (i.e. as
          defined in <xref target="RFC4397">RFC4397</xref>) encompasses both
          segment and concatenated segment as defined in this document.</t>

          <t>Associated bidirectional path: A path that supports traffic flow
          in both directions but which is constructed from a pair of
          unidirectional paths (one for each direction) which are associated
          with one another at the path's ingress/egress points. The forward
          and backward directions are setup, monitored and protected
          independently. As a consequence they may or may not follow the same
          route (links and nodes) across the network.</t>

          <t>Client layer network: In a client/server relationship (see <xref
          target="ITU.G805.2000">G.805</xref>), the client layer network
          receives a (transport) service from the lower server layer network
          (usually the layer network under consideration).</t>

          <t>Concatenated Segment: A serial-compound link connection as
          defined in <xref target="ITU.G805.2000">G.805</xref>. A concatenated
          segment is a contiguous part of an LSP or multi-segment PW that
          comprises a set of segments and their interconnecting nodes in
          sequence. See also "Segment".</t>

          <t>Control Plane: Within the scope of this document the control
          plane performs transport path control functions. Through signalling,
          the control plane sets up, modifies and releases transport paths,
          and may recover a transport path in case of a failure. The control
          plane also performs other functions in support of transport path
          control, such as routing information dissemination.</t>

          <t>Co-routed Bidirectional path: A path where the forward and
          backward directions follow the same route (links and nodes) across
          the network. Both directions are setup, monitored and protected as a
          single entity. A transport network path is typically co-routed.</t>

          <t>Domain: A domain represents a collection of entities (for example
          network elements) that are grouped for a particular purpose,
          examples of which are administrative and/or managerial
          responsibilities, trust relationships, addressing schemes,
          infrastructure capabilities, aggregation, survivability techniques,
          distributions of control functionality, etc. Examples of such
          domains include IGP areas and Autonomous Systems.</t>

          <t>Layer network: Layer network is defined in <xref
          target="ITU.G805.2000">G.805</xref>. A layer network provides for
          the transfer of client information and independent operation of the
          client OAM. A Layer Network may be described in a service context as
          follows: one layer network may provide a (transport) service to
          higher client layer network and may, in turn, be a client to a lower
          layer network. A layer network is a logical construction somewhat
          independent of arrangement or composition of physical network
          elements. A particular physical network element may topologically
          belong to more than one layer network, depending on the actions it
          takes on the encapsulation associated with the logical layers (e.g.
          the label stack), and thus could be modeled as multiple logical
          elements. A layer network may consist of one or more sublayers.
          <xref target="LayerNetworkOverview"></xref> provides a more detailed
          overview of what constitutes a layer network. For additional
          explanation of how layer networks relate to the OSI concept of
          layering see Appendix I of <xref
          target="ITU.Y2611.2006">Y.2611</xref>.</t>

          <t>Link: A physical or logical connection between a pair of LSRs
          that are adjacent at the (sub)layer network under consideration. A
          link may carry zero, one or more LSPs or PWs. A packet entering a
          link will emerge with the same label stack entry values.</t>

          <t>MPLS-TP Logical Ring: An MPLS-TP logical ring is constructed from
          a set of LSRs and logical data links (such as MPLS-TP LSP tunnels or
          MPLS-TP pseudowires) and physical data links that form a ring
          topology.</t>

          <t>Path: See Transport Path.</t>

          <t>MPLS-TP Physical Ring: An MPLS-TP physical ring is constructed
          from a set of LSRs and physical data links that form a ring
          topology.</t>

          <t>MPLS-TP Ring Topology: In an MPLS-TP ring topology each LSR is
          connected to exactly two other LSRs, each via a single
          point-to-point bidirectional MPLS-TP capable link. A ring may also
          be constructed from only two LSRs where there are also exactly two
          links. Rings may be connected to other LSRs to form a larger
          network. Traffic originating or terminating outside the ring may be
          carried over the ring. Client network nodes (such as CEs) may be
          connected directly to an LSR in the ring.</t>

          <t>Section Layer Network: A section layer is a server layer (which
          may be MPLS-TP or a different technology) which provides for the
          transfer of the section layer client information between adjacent
          nodes in the transport path layer or transport service layer. A
          section layer may provide for aggregation of multiple MPLS-TP
          clients. Note that <xref target="ITU.G805.2000">G.805</xref> defines
          the section layer as one of the two layer networks in a transmission
          media layer network. The other layer network is the physical media
          layer network.</t>

          <t>Segment: A link connection as defined in <xref
          target="ITU.G805.2000">G.805</xref>. A segment is the part of an LSP
          that traverses a single link or the part of a PW that traverses a
          single link (i.e. that connects a pair of adjacent
          {Switching|Terminating} Provider Edges). See also "Concatenated
          Segment".</t>

          <t>Server Layer Network: In a client/server relationship (see <xref
          target="ITU.G805.2000">G.805</xref>), the server layer network
          provides a (transport) service to the higher client layer network
          (usually the layer network under consideration).</t>

          <t>Sublayer: Sublayer is defined in <xref
          target="ITU.G805.2000">G.805</xref>. The distinction between a layer
          network and a sublayer is that a sublayer is not directly accessible
          to clients outside of its encapsulating layer network and offers no
          direct transport service for a higher layer (client) network.</t>

          <t>Switching Provider Edge (S-PE): See <xref
          target="I-D.ietf-pwe3-ms-pw-arch"></xref>.</t>

          <t>Terminating Provider Edge (T-PE): See <xref
          target="I-D.ietf-pwe3-ms-pw-arch"></xref>.</t>

          <t>Transport Path: A network connection as defined in <xref
          target="ITU.G805.2000">G.805</xref>. In an MPLS-TP environment a
          transport path corresponds to an LSP or a PW.</t>

          <t>Transport Path Layer: A (sub-)layer network that provides
          point-to-point or point-to-multipoint transport paths. It provides
          independent (of the client) OAM when transporting its clients.</t>

          <t>Transport Service Layer: A layer network in which transport paths
          are used to carry a customer’s (individual or bundled) service
          (may be point-to-point, point-to-multipoint or
          multipoint-to-multipoint services).</t>

          <t>Transmission Media Layer: A layer network, consisting of a
          section layer network and a physical layer network as defined in
          <xref target="ITU.G805.2000">G.805</xref>, that provides sections
          (two-port point-to-point connections) to carry the aggregate of
          network transport path or network service layers on various physical
          media.</t>

          <t>Unidirectional Path: A path that supports traffic flow in only
          one direction.</t>
        </section>
      </section>

      <section title="Transport network overview">
        <t>The connectivity service is the basic service provided by a
        transport network. The purpose of a transport network is to carry its
        customer traffic (i.e. the stream of customer PDUs or customer bits,
        including overhead) between endpoints in the transport network
        (typically over several intermediate nodes). The connectivity services
        offered to customers are typically aggregated into large transport
        paths with long-holding times and independent OAM (of the client OAM),
        which contribute to enabling the efficient and reliable operation of
        the transport network. These transport paths are modified
        infrequently.</t>

        <t>Quality-of-service mechanisms are required in the packet transport
        network to ensure the prioritization of critical services, to
        guarantee bandwidth and to control jitter and delay. A transport
        network must provide the means to commit quality of service objectives
        to clients. This is achieved by providing a mechanism for client
        network service demarcation for the network path together with an
        associated network resiliency mechanism.</t>

        <t>Aggregation is beneficial for achieving scalability and security
        since: <list style="numbers">
            <t>It reduces the number of provisioning and forwarding states in
            the network core.</t>

            <t>It reduces load and the cost of implementing service assurance
            and fault management.</t>

            <t>Customer traffic is encapsulated and layer associated OAM
            overhead is added. This allows complete isolation of customer
            traffic and its management from carrier operations.</t>
          </list></t>

        <t>An important attribute of a transport network is that it is able to
        function regardless of which clients are using its connection service
        or over which transmission media it is running. The client, transport
        network and server layers are from a functional and operations point
        of view independent layer networks. Another key characteristic of
        transport networks is the capability to maintain the integrity of the
        client across the transport network. A transport network must also
        provide a method of service monitoring in order to verify the delivery
        of an agreed quality of service. This is enabled by means of
        carrier-grade OAM tools.</t>

        <t>Customer traffic is first encapsulated within the transport service
        layer network. The transport service layer network signals may then be
        aggregated into a transport path layer network for transport through
        the network in order to optimize network management. Transport service
        layer network OAM is used to monitor the transport integrity of the
        customer traffic and transport path layer network OAM is used to
        monitor the transport integrity of the aggregates. At any hop, the
        aggregated signals may be further aggregated in lower layer transport
        network paths for transport across intermediate shared links. The
        transport service layer network signals are extracted at the edges of
        aggregation domains, and are either delivered to the customer or
        forwarded to another domain. In the core of the network, only the
        transport path layer network signals are monitored at intermediate
        points; individual transport service layer network signals are
        monitored at the network boundary. Although the connectivity of the
        transport service layer network may be point-to-point,
        point-to-multipoint or multipoint-to-multipoint, the transport path
        layer network only provides point-to-point or point-to-multipoint
        transport paths which are used to carry aggregates of transport
        service layer network traffic.</t>
      </section>

      <section anchor="LayerNetworkOverview" title="Layer network overview">
        <t>A layer network provides its clients with a transport service and
        the operation of the layer network is independent of whatever client
        happens to use the layer network. Information that passes between any
        client to the layer network is common to all clients and is the
        minimum needed to be consistent with the definition of the transport
        service offered. The client layer network can be connectionless,
        connection oriented packet switched, or circuit switched. The
        transport service transfers a payload (individual packet payload for
        connectionless networks, a sequence of packets payloads in the case of
        connection oriented packet switched networks, and a deterministic
        schedule of payloads in the case of circuit switched networks) such
        that the client can populate the payload without affecting any
        operation within the serving layer network.</t>

        <t>The operations within a layer network that are independent of its
        clients include the control of forwarding, the control of resource
        reservation, the control of traffic demerging, and the OAM and
        recovery of the transport service. All of these operations are
        internal to a layer network. By definition, a layer network does not
        rely on any client information to perform these operations and
        therefore all information required to perform these operations is
        independent of whatever client is using the layer network.</t>

        <t>A layer network will have consistent features in order to support
        the control of forwarding, resource reservation, OAM and recovery. For
        example, a layer network will have a common addressing scheme for the
        end points of the transport service and a common set of transport
        descriptors for the transport service. However, a client may use a
        different addressing scheme or different traffic descriptors
        (consistent with performance inheritance).</t>

        <t>It is sometimes useful to independently monitor a smaller domain
        within a layer network (or the transport services that traverse this
        smaller domain) but the control of forwarding or the control of
        resource reservation involved retain their common elements. These
        smaller monitored domains are sublayers.</t>

        <t>It is sometimes useful to independently control forwarding in a
        smaller domain within a layer network but the control of resource
        reservation and OAM retain their common elements. These smaller
        domains are partitions of the layer network.</t>
      </section>
    </section>

    <section title="MPLS-TP Requirements">
      <t>This document specifies the requirements of an MPLS Transport Profile
      (MPLS-TP). The requirements are for the behavior of the protocol
      mechanisms and procedures that constitute building blocks out of which
      the MPLS transport profile is constructed. That is, the requirements
      indicate what features are to be available in the MPLS toolkit for use
      by MPLS-TP. The requirements in this document do not describe what
      functions an MPLS-TP implementation supports. The purpose of this
      document is to identify the toolkit and any new protocol work that is
      required.</t>

      <section title="General requirements">
        <t><list counter="Requirements" style="format %d">
            <t>The MPLS-TP data plane MUST be a subset of the MPLS data plane
            as defined by the IETF. When MPLS offers multiple options in this
            respect, MPLS-TP SHOULD select the minimum sub-set (necessary and
            sufficient subset) applicable to a transport network
            application.</t>

            <t>Any new functionality that is defined to fulfill the
            requirements for MPLS-TP MUST be agreed within the IETF through
            the IETF consensus process as per <xref
            target="RFC4929"></xref></t>

            <t>The MPLS-TP design SHOULD as far as reasonably possible re-use
            existing MPLS standards.</t>

            <t>Mechanisms and capabilities MUST be able to interoperate with
            existing IETF MPLS <xref target="RFC3031"></xref> and IETF PWE3
            <xref target="RFC3985"></xref> control and data planes where
            appropriate.<list style="letters">
                <t>Data plane interoperability MUST NOT require a gateway
                function.</t>
              </list></t>

            <t>MPLS-TP and its interfaces, both internal and external, MUST be
            sufficiently well-defined that interworking equipment supplied by
            multiple vendors will be possible both within a single domain, and
            between domains.</t>

            <t>MPLS-TP MUST be a connection-oriented packet switching
            technology with traffic engineering capabilities that allow
            deterministic control of the use of network resources.</t>

            <t>MPLS-TP MUST support traffic engineered point to point (P2P)
            and point to multipoint (P2MP) transport paths.</t>

            <t>MPLS-TP MUST support unidirectional, co-routed bidirectional
            and associated bidirectional point-to-point transport paths.</t>

            <t>MPLS-TP MUST support unidirectional point-to-multipoint
            transport paths.</t>

            <t>The end points of a co-routed bidirectional transport path MUST
            be aware of the pairing relationship of the forward and reverse
            paths used to support the bidirectional service.</t>

            <t>All nodes on the path of a co-routed bidirectional transport
            path in the same (sub-)layer as the path MUST be aware of the
            pairing relationship of the forward and the backward directions of
            the transport path.</t>

            <t>The end points of an associated bidirectional transport path
            MUST be aware of the pairing relationship of the forward and
            reverse paths used to support the bidirectional service.</t>

            <t>Nodes on the path of an associated bidirectional transport path
            where both the forward and backward directions transit the same
            node in the same (sub-)layer as the path SHOULD be aware of the
            pairing relationship of the forward and the backward directions of
            the transport path.</t>

            <t>MPLS-TP MUST support bidirectional transport paths with
            symmetric bandwidth requirements, i.e. the amount of reserved
            bandwidth is the same between the forward and backward
            directions.</t>

            <t>MPLS-TP MUST support bidirectional transport paths with
            asymmetric bandwidth requirements, i.e. the amount of reserved
            bandwidth differs between the forward and backward directions.</t>

            <t>MPLS-TP MUST support the logical separation of the control and
            management planes from the data plane.</t>

            <t>MPLS-TP MUST support the physical separation of the control and
            management planes from the data plane.</t>

            <t>MPLS-TP MUST support static provisioning of transport paths via
            the management plane.</t>

            <t>A solution MUST be defined to support dynamic provisioning and
            restoration of MPLS-TP transport paths via a control plane.</t>

            <t>Static provisioning MUST NOT depend on the presence of any
            element of a control plane.</t>

            <t>MPLS-TP MUST support the co-existence of statically and
            dynamically provisioned/managed MPLS-TP transport paths within the
            same layer network or domain.</t>

            <t>Mechanisms in an MPLS-TP layer network that satisfy functional
            requirements that are common to general transport layer networks
            (i.e., independent of technology) SHOULD be operable in a way that
            is similar to the way the equivalent mechanisms are operated in
            other transport layer technologies.</t>

            <t>MPLS-TP MUST support the capability for network operation
            (including OAM and recovery) via the management plane (without the
            use of any control plane protocols).</t>

            <t>The MPLS-TP data plane MUST be capable of <list style="letters">
                <t>forwarding data independent of the control or management
                plane used to configure and operate the MPLS-TP layer
                network.</t>

                <t>taking recovery actions independent of the control or
                management plane used to configure the MPLS-TP layer
                network.</t>

                <t>operating normally (i.e. forwarding, OAM and protection
                MUST continue to operate) if the management plane or control
                plane that configured the transport paths fails.</t>
              </list></t>

            <t>MPLS-TP MUST support mechanisms to avoid or minimize traffic
            impact (e.g. packet delay, reordering and loss) during network
            reconfiguration.</t>

            <t>MPLS-TP MUST support transport paths through multiple
            homogeneous domains.</t>

            <t>MPLS-TP SHOULD support transport paths through multiple
            non-homogeneous domains.</t>

            <t>MPLS-TP MUST NOT dictate the deployment of any particular
            network topology either physical or logical, however:<list
                style="letters">
                <t>It MUST be possible to deploy MPLS-TP in rings.</t>

                <t>It MUST be possible to deploy MPLS-TP in arbitrarily
                interconnected rings with one or two points of
                interconnection.</t>

                <t>MPLS-TP MUST support rings of at least 16 nodes in order to
                support the upgrade of existing TDM rings to MPLS-TP. MPLS-TP
                SHOULD support rings with more than 16 nodes.</t>
              </list></t>

            <t>MPLS-TP MUST be able to scale at least as well as existing
            transport technologies with growing and increasingly complex
            network topologies as well as with increasing bandwidth demands,
            number of customers, and number of services.</t>

            <t>MPLS-TP SHOULD support mechanisms to safeguard against the
            provisioning of transport paths which contain forwarding
            loops.</t>
          </list></t>
      </section>

      <section title="Layering requirements">
        <t><list counter="Requirements" style="format %d">
            <t>A generic and extensible solution MUST be provided to support
            the transport of one or more client layer networks (e.g. MPLS-TP,
            IP, MPLS, Ethernet, ATM, FR, etc.) over an MPLS-TP layer
            network.</t>

            <t>A generic and extensible solution MUST be provided to support
            the transport of MPLS-TP transport paths over one or more server
            layer networks (such as MPLS-TP, Ethernet, SONET/SDH, OTN, etc.).
            Requirements for bandwidth management within a server layer
            network are outside the scope of this document.</t>

            <t>In an environment where an MPLS-TP layer network is supporting
            a client layer network, and the MPLS-TP layer network is supported
            by a server layer network then operation of the MPLS-TP layer
            network MUST be possible without any dependencies on the server or
            client layer network.<list style="letters">
                <t>The server layer MUST guarantee that the traffic loading
                imposed by other clients does not cause the transport service
                provided to the MPLS-TP layer to fall below the agreed level.
                Mechanisms to achieve this are outside the scope of these
                requirements.</t>

                <t>It MUST be possible to isolate the control and management
                planes of the MPLS-TP layer network from the control and
                management planes of the client and server layer networks.</t>
              </list></t>

            <t>A solution MUST be provided to support the transport of a
            client MPLS or MPLS-TP layer network over a server MPLS or MPLS-TP
            layer network.<list style="letters">
                <t>The level of co-ordination required between the client and
                server MPLS(-TP) layer networks MUST be minimized (preferably
                no co-ordination will be required).</t>

                <t>The MPLS(-TP) server layer network MUST be capable of
                transporting the complete set of packets generated by the
                client MPLS(-TP) layer network, which may contain packets that
                are not MPLS packets (e.g. IP or CNLS packets used by the
                control/management plane of the client MPLS(-TP) layer
                network).</t>
              </list></t>

            <t>It MUST be possible to operate the layers of a multi-layer
            network that includes an MPLS-TP layer autonomously.</t>
          </list></t>

        <t>The above are not only technology requirements, but also
        operational requirements. Different administrative groups may be
        responsible for the same layer network or different layer
        networks.</t>

        <t><list counter="Requirements" style="format %d">
            <t>It MUST be possible to hide MPLS-TP layer network addressing
            and other information (e.g. topology) from client layer networks.
            However, it SHOULD be possible, at the option of the operator, to
            leak a limited amount of summarized information (such as SRLGs or
            reachability) between layers.</t>
          </list></t>
      </section>

      <section title="Data plane requirements">
        <t><list counter="Requirements" style="format %d">
            <t>It MUST be possible to operate and configure the MPLS-TP data
            plane without any IP forwarding capability in the MPLS-TP data
            plane. i.e. the data plane only operates on the MPLS label.</t>

            <t>It MUST be possible for the end points of an MPLS-TP transport
            path that is carrying an aggregate of client transport paths to be
            able to decompose the aggregate transport path into its component
            client transport paths.</t>

            <t>A transport path on a link MUST be uniquely identifiable by a
            single label on that link.</t>

            <t>A transport path's source MUST be identifiable at its
            destination within its layer network.</t>

            <t>MPLS-TP MUST be capable of using P2MP server (sub-)layer
            capabilities as well as P2P server (sub-)layer capabilities when
            supporting P2MP MPLS-TP transport paths.</t>

            <t>MPLS-TP MUST be extensible in order to accommodate new types of
            client layer networks and services.</t>

            <t>MPLS-TP SHOULD support mechanisms to enable the reserved
            bandwidth associated with a transport path to be increased without
            impacting the existing traffic on that transport path provided
            enough resources are available.</t>

            <t>MPLS-TP SHOULD support mechanisms to enable the reserved
            bandwidth of a transport path to be decreased without impacting
            the existing traffic on that transport path, provided that the
            level of existing traffic is smaller than the reserved bandwidth
            following the decrease.</t>

            <t>MPLS-TP MUST support mechanisms which ensure the integrity of
            the transported customer's service traffic as required by its
            associated SLA. Loss of integrity may be defined as packet
            corruption, re-ordering or loss during normal network
            conditions.</t>

            <t>MPLS-TP MUST support mechanisms to detect when loss of
            integrity of the transported customer's service traffic has
            occurred.</t>

            <t>MPLS-TP MUST support an unambiguous and reliable means of
            distinguishing users' (client) packets from MPLS-TP control
            packets (e.g. control plane, management plane, OAM and protection
            switching packets).</t>
          </list></t>
      </section>

      <section title="Control plane requirements">
        <t>This section defines the requirements that apply to an MPLS-TP
        control plane. Note that it MUST be possible to operate an MPLS-TP
        network without using a control plane.</t>

        <t>The ITU-T has defined an architecture for Automatically Switched
        Optical Networks (ASON) in <xref target="ITU.G8080.2006">G.8080</xref>
        and <xref target="ITU.G8080.2008">G.8080 Amd1</xref>. The control
        plane for MPLS-TP MUST fit within the ASON architecture.</t>

        <t>An interpretation of the ASON signaling and routing requirements in
        the context of GMPLS can be found in <xref target="RFC4139"></xref>
        and <xref target="RFC4258"></xref>.</t>

        <t>Additionally:</t>

        <t><list counter="Requirements" style="format %d">
            <t>The MPLS–TP control plane MUST support control plane
            topology and data plane topology independence. As a consequence a
            failure of the control plane does not imply that there has also
            been a failure of the data plane.</t>

            <t>The MPLS-TP control plane MUST be able to be operated
            independent of any particular client or server layer control
            plane.</t>

            <t>MPLS-TP SHOULD define a solution to support an integrated
            control plane encompassing MPLS-TP together with its server and
            client layer networks when these layer networks belong to the same
            administrative domain.</t>

            <t>The MPLS-TP control plane MUST support establishing all the
            connectivity patterns defined for the MPLS-TP data plane (i.e.,
            unidirectional P2P, associated bidirectional P2P, co-routed
            bidirectional P2P, unidirectional P2MP) including configuration of
            protection functions and any associated maintenance functions.</t>

            <t>The MPLS-TP control plane MUST support the configuration and
            modification of OAM maintenance points as well as the
            activation/deactivation of OAM when the transport path or
            transport service is established or modified.</t>

            <t>An MPLS-TP control plane MUST support operation of the recovery
            functions described in Section 2.8.</t>

            <t>An MPLS-TP control plane MUST scale gracefully to support a
            large number of transport paths, nodes and links.</t>

            <t>If a control plane is used for MPLS-TP, following a control
            plane failure, the control plane MUST be capable of restarting and
            relearning its previous state without impacting forwarding.</t>

            <t>An MPLS-TP control plane MUST provide a mechanism for dynamic
            ownership transfer of the control of MPLS-TP transport paths from
            the management plane to the control plane and vice versa. The
            number of reconfigurations required in the data plane MUST be
            minimized (preferably no data plane reconfiguration will be
            required).</t>
          </list></t>
      </section>

      <section title="Network Management requirements">
        <t>For requirements related to network management functionality
        (Management Plane in ITU-T terminology) for MPLS-TP, see the MPLS-TP
        Network Management requirements document <xref
        target="I-D.ietf-mpls-tp-nm-req"></xref>.</t>
      </section>

      <section title="Operation, Administration and Maintenance (OAM) requirements">
        <t>For requirements related to OAM functionality for MPLS-TP, see the
        MPLS-TP OAM requirements document <xref
        target="I-D.ietf-mpls-tp-oam-requirements"></xref>.</t>
      </section>

      <section title="Network performance monitoring requirements">
        <t>For requirements related to performance monitoring functionality
        for MPLS-TP, see the MPLS-TP OAM requirements document <xref
        target="I-D.ietf-mpls-tp-oam-requirements"></xref>.</t>
      </section>

      <section anchor="recovery" title="Recovery requirements">
        <t>Network survivability plays a critical role in the delivery of
        reliable services. Network availability is a significant contributor
        to revenue and profit. Service guarantees in the form of SLAs require
        a resilient network that rapidly detects facility or node failures and
        restores network operation in accordance with the terms of the
        SLA.</t>

        <t><list counter="Requirements" style="format %d">
            <t>MPLS-TP MUST provide protection and restoration
            mechanisms.<list style="letters">
                <t>MPLS-TP recovery techniques SHOULD be identical (or as
                similar as possible) to those already used in existing
                transport networks to simplify implementation and operations.
                However, this MUST NOT override any other requirement.</t>

                <t>Recovery techniques used for P2P and P2MP SHOULD be
                identical to simplify implementation and operation. However,
                this MUST NOT override any other requirement.</t>
              </list></t>

            <t>MPLS-TP recovery mechanisms MUST be applicable at various
            levels throughout the network including support for link,
            transport path, segment, concatenated segment and end to end
            recovery.</t>

            <t>MPLS-TP recovery paths MUST meet the SLA protection objectives
            of the service.<list style="letters">
                <t>MPLS-TP MUST provide mechanisms to guarantee 50ms recovery
                times from the moment of fault detection in networks with
                spans less than 1200 km.</t>

                <t>For protection it MUST be possible to require protection of
                100% of the traffic on the protected path.</t>

                <t>Recovery MUST meet SLA requirements over multiple
                domains.</t>
              </list></t>

            <t>Recovery objectives SHOULD be configurable per transport
            path.</t>

            <t>The recovery mechanisms SHOULD be applicable to any
            topology.</t>

            <t>The recovery mechanisms MUST support the means to operate in
            synergy with (including coordination of timing) the recovery
            mechanisms present in any client or server transport networks (for
            example, Ethernet, SDH, OTN, WDM) to avoid race conditions between
            the layers.</t>

            <t>MPLS-TP recovery and reversion mechanisms MUST prevent frequent
            operation of recovery in the event of an intermittent defect.</t>
          </list></t>

        <section title="Data plane behavior requirements">
          <t>General protection and survivability requirements are expressed
          in terms of the behavior in the data plane.</t>

          <section title="Protection">
            <t>Note: Only nodes that are aware of the pairing relationship
            between the forward and backward directions of an associated
            bidirectional transport path can be used as end points to protect
            all or part of that transport path.<list counter="Requirements"
                style="format %d">
                <t>It MUST be possible to provide protection for the MPLS-TP
                data plane without any IP forwarding capability in the MPLS-TP
                data plane. i.e. the data plane only operates on the MPLS
                label.</t>

                <t>MPLS-TP protection mechanisms MUST support revertive and
                non-revertive behavior.</t>

                <t>MPLS-TP MUST support 1+1 protection.<list style="letters">
                    <t>Bidirectional 1+1 protection for P2P connectivity MUST
                    be supported.</t>

                    <t>Unidirectional 1+1 protection for P2P connectivity MUST
                    be supported.</t>

                    <t>Unidirectional 1+1 protection for P2MP connectivity
                    MUST be supported.</t>
                  </list></t>

                <t>MPLS-TP MUST support the ability to share protection
                resources amongst a number of transport paths.</t>

                <t>MPLS-TP MUST support 1:n protection (including 1:1
                protection).<list style="letters">
                    <t>Bidirectional 1:n protection for P2P connectivity MUST
                    be supported, and SHOULD be the default behavior for 1:n
                    protection.</t>

                    <t>Unidirectional 1:n protection for P2MP connectivity
                    MUST be supported.</t>

                    <t>Unidirectional 1:n protection for P2P connectivity is
                    not required and MAY be omitted from the MPLS-TP
                    specifications.</t>

                    <t>The action of protection switching MUST NOT cause the
                    user data to enter an uncontrolled loop. The protection
                    switching system MAY cause traffic to pass over a given
                    link more than once, but it must do so in a controlled way
                    such that uncontrolled loops do not form.</t>
                  </list></t>
              </list>Note: Support for extra traffic (as defined in <xref
            target="RFC4427"></xref>) is not required in MPLS-TP and MAY be
            omitted from the MPLS-TP specifications.</t>
          </section>

          <section title="Sharing of protection resources">
            <t><list counter="Requirements" style="format %d">
                <t>MPLS-TP SHOULD support 1:n (including 1:1) shared mesh
                recovery.</t>

                <t>MPLS-TP MUST support sharing of protection resources such
                that protection paths that are known not to be required
                concurrently can share the same resources.</t>
              </list></t>
          </section>
        </section>

        <section title="Restoration">
          <t><list counter="Requirements" style="format %d">
              <t>The restoration transport path MUST be able to share
              resources with the transport path being replaced (sometimes
              known as soft rerouting).</t>

              <t>Restoration priority MUST be supported so that an
              implementation can determine the order in which transport paths
              should be restored (to minimize service restoration time as well
              as to gain access to available spare capacity on the best
              paths).</t>

              <t>Preemption priority MUST be supported to allow restoration to
              displace other transport paths in the event of resource
              constraint.</t>

              <t>MPLS-TP restoration mechanisms MUST support revertive and
              non-revertive behavior.</t>
            </list></t>
        </section>

        <section title="Triggers for protection, restoration, and reversion">
          <t>Recovery actions may be triggered from different places as
          follows:<list counter="Requirements" style="format %d">
              <t>MPLS-TP MUST support physical layer fault indication
              triggers.</t>

              <t>MPLS-TP MUST support OAM-based triggers.</t>

              <t>MPLS-TP MUST support management plane triggers (e.g., forced
              switch, etc.).</t>

              <t>There MUST be a mechanism to allow administrative recovery
              actions to be distinguished from recovery actions initiated by
              other triggers.</t>

              <t>Where a control plane is present, MPLS-TP SHOULD support
              control plane restoration triggers.</t>

              <t>MPLS-TP protection mechanisms MUST support priority logic to
              negotiate and accommodate coexisting requests (i.e., multiple
              requests) for protection switching (e.g., administrative
              requests and requests due to link/node failures).</t>
            </list></t>
        </section>

        <section title="Management plane operation of protection and restoration">
          <t>All functions described here are for control by the
          operator.<list counter="Requirements" style="format %d">
              <t>It MUST be possible to configure protection paths and
              protection-to-working path relationships (sometimes known as
              protection groups).</t>

              <t>There MUST be support for pre-calculation of recovery
              paths.</t>

              <t>There MUST be support for pre-provisioning of recovery
              paths.</t>

              <t>The external controls as defined in <xref
              target="RFC4427"></xref> MUST be supported.<list style="letters">
                  <t>External controls overruled by higher priority requests
                  (e.g., administrative requests and requests due to link/node
                  failures) or unable to be signaled to the remote end (e.g.
                  because of a protection state coordination fail) MUST be
                  dropped.</t>
                </list></t>

              <t>It MUST be possible to test and validate any
              protection/restoration mechanisms and protocols:<list
                  style="letters">
                  <t>Including the integrity of the protection/recovery
                  transport path.</t>

                  <t>Without triggering the actual protection/restoration.</t>

                  <t>While the working path is in service.</t>

                  <t>While the working path is out of service.</t>
                </list></t>

              <t>Restoration resources MAY be pre-planned and selected a
              priori, or computed after failure occurrence.</t>

              <t>When preemption is supported for restoration purposes, it
              MUST be possible for the operator to configure it.</t>

              <t>The management plane MUST provide indications of protection
              events and triggers.</t>

              <t>The management plane MUST allow the current protection status
              of all transport paths to be determined.</t>
            </list></t>
        </section>

        <section title="Control plane and in-band OAM operation of recovery">
          <t><list counter="Requirements" style="format %d">
              <t>The MPLS-TP control plane (which is not mandatory in an
              MPLS-TP implementation) MUST be capable of supporting: <list
                  style="letters">
                  <t>establishment and maintenance of all recovery entities
                  and functions</t>

                  <t>signaling of administrative control</t>

                  <t>protection state coordination (PSC). Since control plane
                  network topology is independent from the data plane network
                  topology, the PSC supported by the MPLS-TP control plane MAY
                  run on resources different than the data plane resources
                  handled within the recovery mechanism (e.g. backup).</t>
                </list></t>

              <t>In-band OAM MUST be capable of supporting:<list
                  style="letters">
                  <t>signaling of administrative control</t>

                  <t>protection state coordination (PSC). Since in-band OAM
                  tools share the data plane with the carried transport
                  service, in order to optimize the usage of network
                  resources, the PSC supported by in-band OAM MUST run on
                  protection resources.</t>
                </list></t>
            </list></t>
        </section>

        <section anchor="topologyspecific"
                 title="Topology-specific recovery mechanisms">
          <t><list counter="Requirements" style="format %d">
              <t>MPLS-TP MAY support recovery mechanisms that are optimized
              for specific network topologies. These mechanisms MUST be
              interoperable with the mechanisms defined for arbitrary topology
              (mesh) networks to enable protection of end-to-end transport
              paths.</t>
            </list></t>

          <section anchor="ringprotection" title="Ring protection">
            <t>Several service providers have expressed a high level of
            interest in operating MPLS-TP in ring topologies and require a
            high level of survivability function in these topologies. The
            requirements listed below have been collected from these service
            providers and from the ITU-T.</t>

            <t>The main objective in considering a specific topology (such as
            a ring) is to determine whether it is possible to optimize any
            mechanisms such that the performance of those mechanisms within
            the topology is significantly better than the performance of the
            generic mechanisms in the same topology. The benefits of such
            optimizations are traded against the costs of developing,
            implementing, deploying, and operating the additional optimized
            mechanisms noting that the generic mechanisms MUST continue to be
            supported.</t>

            <t>Within the context of recovery in MPLS-TP networks, the
            optimization criteria considered in ring topologies are as
            follows: <list style="letters">
                <t>Minimize the number of OAM entities that are needed to
                trigger the recovery operation – less than are required
                by other recovery mechanisms.</t>

                <t>Minimize the number of elements of recovery in the ring
                – less than are required by other recovery
                mechanisms.</t>

                <t>Minimize the number of labels required for the protection
                paths across the ring – less than are required by other
                recovery mechanisms.</t>

                <t>Minimize the amount of control and management plane
                transactions during a maintenance operation (e.g., ring
                upgrade) – less than are required by other recovery
                mechanisms.</t>

                <t>When a control plane is supported, minimize the impact on
                signaling and routing information exchange during protection -
                less than are required by other recovery mechanisms.</t>
              </list></t>

            <t>It may be observed that the requirements in <xref
            target="ringprotection"></xref> are fully compatible with the
            generic requirements expressed in <xref target="recovery"></xref>
            through <xref target="topologyspecific"></xref> inclusive, and
            that no requirements that are specific to ring topologies have
            been identified.</t>

            <t><list counter="Requirements" style="format %d">
                <t>MPLS-TP MUST include recovery mechanisms that operate in
                any single ring supported in MPLS-TP, and continue to operate
                within the single rings even when the rings are
                interconnected.</t>

                <t>When a network is constructed from interconnected rings,
                MPLS-TP MUST support recovery mechanisms that protect user
                data that traverses more than one ring. This includes the
                possibility of failure of the ring-interconnect nodes and
                links.</t>

                <t>MPLS-TP recovery in a ring MUST protect unidirectional and
                bidirectional P2P transport paths.</t>

                <t>MPLS-TP recovery in a ring MUST protect unidirectional P2MP
                transport paths.</t>

                <t>MPLS-TP 1+1 and 1:1 protection in a ring MUST support
                switching time within 50 ms from the moment of fault detection
                in a network with a 16 nodes ring with less than 1200 km of
                fiber.</t>

                <t>The protection switching time in a ring MUST be independent
                of the number of LSPs crossing the ring.</t>

                <t>The configuration and operation of recovery mechanisms in a
                ring MUST scale well with: <list style="letters">
                    <t>the number of transport paths (must be better than
                    linear scaling)</t>

                    <t>the number of nodes on the ring (must be at least as
                    good as linear scaling)</t>

                    <t>the number of ring interconnects (must be at least as
                    good as linear scaling)</t>
                  </list></t>

                <t>Recovery techniques used in a ring MUST NOT prevent the
                ring from being connected to a general MPLS-TP network in any
                arbitrary way, and MUST NOT prevent the operation of recovery
                techniques in the rest of the network.</t>

                <t>Recovery techniques in a ring SHOULD be identical (or as
                similar as possible) to those in general transport networks to
                simplify implementation and operations. However, this MUST NOT
                override any other requirement.</t>

                <t>Recovery techniques in logical and physical rings SHOULD be
                identical to simplify implementation and operation. However,
                this MUST NOT override any other requirement.</t>

                <t>The default recovery scheme in a ring MUST be bidirectional
                recovery in order to simplify the recovery operation.</t>

                <t>The recovery mechanism in a ring MUST support revertive
                switching, which MUST be the default behavior. This allows
                optimization of the use of the ring resources, and restores
                the preferred quality conditions for normal traffic (e.g.,
                delay) when the recovery mechanism is no longer needed.</t>

                <t>The recovery mechanisms in a ring MUST support ways to
                allow administrative protection switching, to be distinguished
                from protection switching initiated by other triggers.</t>

                <t>It MUST be possible to lockout (disable) protection
                mechanisms on selected links (spans) in a ring (depending on
                operator’s need). This may require lockout mechanisms to
                be applied to intermediate nodes within a transport path.</t>
              </list></t>

            <t><list counter="Requirements" style="format %d">
                <t>MPLS-TP recovery mechanisms in a ring:<list style="letters">
                    <t>MUST include a mechanism to allow an implementation to
                    handle (including the coordination of) coexisting requests
                    or triggers (i.e., multiple requests – not
                    necessarily arriving simultaneously and located anywhere
                    in the ring) for protection switching based on priority.
                    Note that such coordination is the ring equivalent of the
                    definition of shared protection groups.</t>

                    <t>SHOULD protect against multiple failures</t>
                  </list></t>

                <t>MPLS-TP recovery and reversion mechanisms in a ring MUST
                offer a way to prevent frequent operation of recovery in the
                event of an intermittent defect.</t>

                <t>MPLS-TP MUST support the sharing of protection bandwidth in
                a ring by allowing best effort traffic.</t>

                <t>MPLS-TP MUST support sharing of ring protection resources
                such that protection paths that are known not to be required
                concurrently can share the same resources.</t>
              </list></t>
          </section>
        </section>
      </section>

      <section title="QoS requirements">
        <t>Carriers require advanced traffic management capabilities to
        enforce and guarantee the QoS parameters of customers’ SLAs.</t>

        <t>Quality of service mechanisms are REQUIRED in an MPLS-TP network to
        ensure:</t>

        <t><list counter="Requirements" style="format %d">
            <t>Support for differentiated services and different traffic types
            with traffic class separation associated with different
            traffic.</t>

            <t>Enabling the provisioning and the guarantee of Service Level
            Specifications (SLS), with support for hard and relative
            end-to-end bandwidth guaranteed.</t>

            <t>Support of services, which are sensitive to jitter and
            delay.</t>

            <t>Guarantee of fair access, within a particular class, to shared
            resources.</t>

            <t>Guaranteed resources for in-band control and management plane
            traffic regardless of the amount of data plane traffic.</t>

            <t>Carriers are provided with the capability to efficiently
            support service demands over the MPLS-TP network. This MUST
            include support for a flexible bandwidth allocation scheme.</t>
          </list></t>
      </section>

      <section title="Security requirements">
        <t>For a description of the security threats relevant in the context
        of MPLS and GMPLS and the defensive techniques to combat those threats
        see the Security Framework for MPLS & GMPLS Networks <xref
        target="I-D.ietf-mpls-mpls-and-gmpls-security-framework"></xref>.</t>
      </section>
    </section>

    <section anchor="IANA" title="IANA Considerations">
      <t>This document makes no request of IANA.</t>

      <t>Note to RFC Editor: this section may be removed on publication as an
      RFC.</t>
    </section>

    <section anchor="Security" title="Security Considerations">
      <t>See Section 2.10.</t>
    </section>

    <section anchor="Acknowledgements" title="Acknowledgements">
      <t>The authors would like to thank all members of the teams (the Joint
      Working Team, the MPLS Interoperability Design Team in the IETF, and the
      T-MPLS Ad Hoc Group in the ITU-T) involved in the definition and
      specification of MPLS Transport Profile.</t>

      <t>The authors would also like to thank Loa Andersson, Dieter Beller,
      Lou Berger, Italo Busi, John Drake, Adrian Farrel, Annamaria Fulignoli,
      Pietro Grandi, Eric Gray, Neil Harrison, Jia He, Huub van Helvoort,
      Enrique Hernandez-Valencia, Wataru Imajuku, Kam Lam, Andy Malis, Alan
      McGuire, Julien Meuric, Greg Mirsky, Tom Nadeau, Hiroshi Ohta, Tom
      Petch, Andy Reid, Vincenzo Sestito, George Swallow, Lubo Tancevski,
      Tomonori Takeda, Yuji Tochio, Alexander Vainshtein, Eve Varma and
      Maarten Vissers for their comments and enhancements to the text.</t>

      <t>An ad hoc discussion group consisting of Stewart Bryant, Italo Busi,
      Andrea Digiglio, Li Fang, Adrian Farrel, Jia He, Huub van Helvoort, Feng
      Huang, Harald Kullman, Han Li, Hao Long and Nurit Sprecher provided
      valuable input to the requirements for deployment and survivability in
      ring topologies.</t>
    </section>
  </middle>

  <back>
    <references title="Normative References">
      <!-- Begin inclusion reference.RFC.2119.xml. -->

      <reference anchor="RFC2119">
        <front>
          <title abbrev="RFC Key Words">Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
          Requirement Levels</title>

          <author fullname="Scott Bradner" initials="S." surname="Bradner">
            <organization>Harvard University</organization>

            <address>
              <postal>
                <street>1350 Mass. Ave.</street>

                <street>Cambridge</street>

                <street>MA 02138</street>
              </postal>

              <phone>- +1 617 495 3864</phone>

              <email>sob@harvard.edu</email>
            </address>
          </author>

          <date month="March" year="1997" />

          <area>General</area>

          <keyword>keyword</keyword>

          <abstract>
            <t>In many standards track documents several words are used to
            signify the requirements in the specification. These words are
            often capitalized. This document defines these words as they
            should be interpreted in IETF documents. Authors who follow these
            guidelines should incorporate this phrase near the beginning of
            their document: <list>
                <t>The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL",
                "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
                "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described
                in RFC 2119.</t>
              </list></t>

            <t>Note that the force of these words is modified by the
            requirement level of the document in which they are used.</t>
          </abstract>
        </front>

        <seriesInfo name="BCP" value="14" />

        <seriesInfo name="RFC" value="2119" />

        <format octets="4723" target="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc2119.txt"
                type="TXT" />

        <format octets="16553"
                target="http://xml.resource.org/public/rfc/html/rfc2119.html"
                type="HTML" />

        <format octets="5703"
                target="http://xml.resource.org/public/rfc/xml/rfc2119.xml"
                type="XML" />
      </reference>

      <!-- End inclusion reference.RFC.2119.xml. -->

      <!--Begin inclusion reference.RFC.3031.xml. -->

      <reference anchor="RFC3031">
        <front>
          <title abbrev="MPLS Architecture">Multiprotocol Label Switching
          Architecture</title>

          <author fullname="E. Rosen" initials="E." surname="Rosen">
            <organization></organization>
          </author>

          <author fullname="A. Viswanathan" initials="A."
                  surname="Viswanathan">
            <organization></organization>
          </author>

          <author fullname="R. Callon" initials="R." surname="Callon">
            <organization></organization>
          </author>

          <date month="January" year="2001" />

          <abstract>
            <t>This document specifies the architecture for Multiprotocol
            Label Switching (MPLS). [STANDARDS TRACK]</t>
          </abstract>
        </front>

        <seriesInfo name="RFC" value="3031" />

        <format octets="147175"
                target="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc3031.txt" type="TXT" />
      </reference>

      <!-- End inclusion reference.RFC.3031.xml. -->

      <!--Begin inclusion reference.RFC.3985.xml. -->

      <reference anchor="RFC3985">
        <front>
          <title abbrev="PWE3 Architecture">Pseudo Wire Emulation Edge-to-Edge
          (PWE3) Architecture</title>

          <author fullname="S. Bryant" initials="S." surname="Bryant">
            <organization></organization>
          </author>

          <author fullname="P. Pate" initials="P." surname="Pate">
            <organization></organization>
          </author>

          <date month="March" year="2005" />

          <abstract>
            <t>This document describes an architecture for Pseudo Wire
            Emulation Edge-to-Edge (PWE3). It discusses the emulation of
            services such as Frame Relay, ATM, Ethernet, TDM, and SONET/SDH
            over packet switched networks (PSNs) using IP or MPLS. It presents
            the architectural framework for pseudo wires (PWs), defines
            terminology, and specifies the various protocol elements and their
            functions. This memo provides information for the Internet
            community.</t>
          </abstract>
        </front>

        <seriesInfo name="RFC" value="3985" />

        <format octets="95062" target="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc3985.txt"
                type="TXT" />
      </reference>

      <!-- End inclusion reference.RFC.3985.xml. -->

      <?rfc include="reference.RFC.4929"?>

      <!--Begin inclusion reference.ITU.G805.2000.xml. -->

      <reference anchor="ITU.G805.2000">
        <front>
          <title abbrev="G.805">Generic functional architecture of transport
          networks</title>

          <author>
            <organization>International Telecommunications
            Union</organization>
          </author>

          <date month="March" year="2000" />

          <abstract>
            <t>This Recommendation describes the functional architecture of
            transport networks in a technology independent way. The generic
            functional architecture may be used as the basis for a harmonized
            set of functional architecture Recommendations for ATM, SDH, PDH
            transport networks, and a corresponding set of Recommendations for
            management, performance analysis and equipment specification.</t>
          </abstract>
        </front>

        <seriesInfo name="ITU-T" value="Recommendation G.805" />
      </reference>

      <!-- End inclusion reference.ITU.G805.2000.xml.-->

      <!--Begin inclusion reference.ITU.G8080.2006.xml. -->

      <reference anchor="ITU.G8080.2006">
        <front>
          <title abbrev="ASON architecture">Architecture for the automatically
          switched optical network (ASON)</title>

          <author>
            <organization>International Telecommunications
            Union</organization>
          </author>

          <date month="June" year="2006" />

          <abstract>
            <t>This Recommendation describes the functional architecture of
            transport networks in a technology independent way. The generic
            functional architecture may be used as the basis for a harmonized
            set of functional architecture Recommendations for ATM, SDH, PDH
            transport networks, and a corresponding set of Recommendations for
            management, performance analysis and equipment specification.</t>
          </abstract>
        </front>

        <seriesInfo name="ITU-T" value="Recommendation G.8080" />
      </reference>

      <!-- End inclusion reference.ITU.G8080.2006.xml.-->

      <!--Begin inclusion reference.ITU.G8080.2008.xml. -->

      <reference anchor="ITU.G8080.2008">
        <front>
          <title abbrev="ASON architecture Amendment 1">Architecture for the
          automatically switched optical network (ASON) Amendment 1</title>

          <author>
            <organization>International Telecommunications
            Union</organization>
          </author>

          <date month="March" year="2008" />

          <abstract>
            <t>This Recommendation describes the functional architecture of
            transport networks in a technology independent way. The generic
            functional architecture may be used as the basis for a harmonized
            set of functional architecture Recommendations for ATM, SDH, PDH
            transport networks, and a corresponding set of Recommendations for
            management, performance analysis and equipment specification.</t>
          </abstract>
        </front>

        <seriesInfo name="ITU-T" value="Recommendation G.8080 Amendment 1" />
      </reference>

      <!-- End inclusion reference.ITU.G8080.2008.xml.-->
    </references>

    <references title="Informative References">
      <!--Begin inclusion reference.RFC.4139.xml. -->

      <reference anchor="RFC4139">
        <front>
          <title abbrev="ASON Signaling Requirements">Requirements for
          Generalized MPLS (GMPLS) Signaling Usage and Extensions for
          Automatically Switched Optical Network (ASON)</title>

          <author fullname="D. Papadimitriou" initials="D."
                  surname="Papadimitriou">
            <organization></organization>
          </author>

          <author fullname="J. Drake" initials="J." surname="Drake">
            <organization></organization>
          </author>

          <author fullname="J. Ash" initials="J." surname="Ash">
            <organization></organization>
          </author>

          <author fullname="A. Farrel" initials="A." surname="Farrel">
            <organization></organization>
          </author>

          <author fullname="L. Ong" initials="L." surname="Ong">
            <organization></organization>
          </author>

          <date month="July" year="2005" />

          <abstract>
            <t>The Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS) suite of
            protocols has been defined to control different switching
            technologies and different applications. These include support for
            requesting Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) connections, including
            Synchronous Optical Network (SONET)/Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
            (SDH) and Optical Transport Networks (OTNs).</t>

            <t>This document concentrates on the signaling aspects of the
            GMPLS suite of protocols. It identifies the features to be covered
            by the GMPLS signaling protocol to support the capabilities of an
            Automatically Switched Optical Network (ASON). This document
            provides a problem statement and additional requirements for the
            GMPLS signaling protocol to support the ASON functionality. This
            memo provides information for the Internet community.</t>
          </abstract>
        </front>

        <seriesInfo name="RFC" value="4139" />

        <format octets="36660" target="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc4139.txt"
                type="TXT" />
      </reference>

      <!-- End inclusion reference.RFC.4139.xml. -->

      <!--Begin inclusion reference.RFC.4258.xml. -->

      <reference anchor="RFC4258">
        <front>
          <title abbrev="ASON Routing Requirements">Requirements for
          Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS) Routing for the
          Automatically Switched Optical Network (ASON)</title>

          <author fullname="D. Brungard" initials="D." surname="Brungard">
            <organization></organization>
          </author>

          <date month="November" year="2005" />

          <abstract>
            <t>The Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS) suite of
            protocols has been defined to control different switching
            technologies as well as different applications. These include
            support for requesting Time Division Multiplexing (TDM)
            connections including Synchronous Optical Network
            (SONET)/Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) and Optical Transport
            Networks (OTNs).</t>

            <t>This document concentrates on the routing requirements placed
            on the GMPLS suite of protocols in order to support the
            capabilities and functionalities of an Automatically Switched
            Optical Network (ASON) as defined by the ITU-T. This memo provides
            information for the Internet community.</t>
          </abstract>
        </front>

        <seriesInfo name="RFC" value="4258" />

        <format octets="48558" target="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc4258.txt"
                type="TXT" />
      </reference>

      <!-- End inclusion reference.RFC.4258.xml. -->

      <!--Begin inclusion reference.RFC.4397.xml. -->

      <reference anchor="RFC4397">
        <front>
          <title abbrev="ASON/GMPLS terminology lexicography">A Lexicography
          for the Interpretation of Generalized Multiprotocol Label Switching
          (GMPLS) Terminology within the Context of the ITU-T's Automatically
          Switched Optical Network (ASON) Architecture</title>

          <author fullname="I. Bryskin" initials="I." surname="Bryskin">
            <organization></organization>
          </author>

          <author fullname="A. Farrel" initials="A." surname="Farrel">
            <organization></organization>
          </author>

          <date month="February" year="2006" />

          <abstract>
            <t>The Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS) suite of
            protocols has been defined to control different switching
            technologies as well as different applications. These include
            support for requesting Time Division Multiplexing (TDM)
            connections including Synchronous Optical Network
            (SONET)/Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) and Optical Transport
            Networks (OTNs).</t>

            <t>This document concentrates on the routing requirements placed
            on the GMPLS suite of protocols in order to support the
            capabilities and functionalities of an Automatically Switched
            Optical Network (ASON) as defined by the ITU-T. This memo provides
            information for the Internet community.</t>
          </abstract>
        </front>

        <seriesInfo name="RFC" value="4397" />

        <format octets="40331" target="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc4397.txt"
                type="TXT" />
      </reference>

      <!-- End inclusion reference.RFC.4397.xml. -->

      <!--Begin inclusion reference.RFC.4427.xml. -->

      <reference anchor="RFC4427">
        <front>
          <title abbrev="Recovery Terminology">Recovery (Protection and
          Restoration) Terminology for Generalized Multi-Protocol Label
          Switching (GMPLS)</title>

          <author fullname="E. Mannie" initials="E." surname="Mannie">
            <organization></organization>
          </author>

          <author fullname="D. Papadimitriou" initials="D."
                  surname="Papadimitriou">
            <organization></organization>
          </author>

          <date month="March" year="2006" />

          <abstract>
            <t>This document defines a common terminology for Generalized
            Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS)-based recovery mechanisms
            (i.e., protection and restoration). The terminology is independent
            of the underlying transport technologies covered by GMPLS. This
            memo provides information for the Internet community.</t>
          </abstract>
        </front>

        <seriesInfo name="RFC" value="4427" />

        <format octets="43842" target="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc4427.txt"
                type="TXT" />
      </reference>

      <!-- End inclusion reference.RFC.4427.xml.-->

      <!--Begin inclusion reference.I-D.ietf-mpls-mpls-and-gmpls-security-framework.xml. -->

      <reference anchor="I-D.ietf-mpls-mpls-and-gmpls-security-framework">
        <front>
          <title
          abbrev="Security Framework for MPLS & GMPLS Networks">Security
          Framework for MPLS and GMPLS Networks</title>

          <author fullname="L. Fang" initials="L." surname="Fang">
            <organization></organization>
          </author>

          <author fullname="M. Behringer" initials="M." surname="Behringer">
            <organization></organization>
          </author>

          <date month="November" year="2008" />

          <abstract></abstract>
        </front>

        <seriesInfo name="Internet-Draft"
                    value="draft-ietf-mpls-mpls-and-gmpls-security-framework-05" />

        <format target="http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-mpls-mpls-and-gmpls-security-framework-05"
                type="TXT" />
      </reference>

      <!-- End inclusion reference.I-D.ietf-mpls-mpls-and-gmpls-security-framework.xml. -->

      <!--Begin inclusion reference.I-D.ietf-mpls-tp-nm-req.xml. -->

      <reference anchor="I-D.ietf-mpls-tp-nm-req">
        <front>
          <title abbrev="MPLS-TP NM requirements">MPLS TP Network Management
          Requirements</title>

          <author fullname="H. Lam" initials="H." surname="Lam">
            <organization></organization>
          </author>

          <author fullname="S. Mansfield" initials="S." surname="Mansfield">
            <organization></organization>
          </author>

          <author fullname="E. Gray" initials="E." surname="Gray">
            <organization></organization>
          </author>

          <date month="April" year="2009" />

          <abstract></abstract>
        </front>

        <seriesInfo name="Internet-Draft" value="draft-ietf-mpls-tp-nm-req-01" />

        <format target="http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-mpls-tp-nm-req-00.txt"
                type="TXT" />
      </reference>

      <!-- End inclusion reference.I-D.ietf-mpls-tp-nm-req.xml. -->

      <!--Begin inclusion reference.I-D.helvoort-mpls-tp-rosetta-stone.xml. -->

      <reference anchor="I-D.helvoort-mpls-tp-rosetta-stone">
        <front>
          <title abbrev="MPLS-TP Terminology Thesaurus">A Thesaurus for the
          Terminology used in Multiprotocol Label Switching Transport Profile
          (MPLS-TP) drafts/RFCs and ITU-T's Transport Network
          Recommendations.</title>

          <author fullname="H. van Helvoort" initials="H."
                  surname="van Helvoort">
            <organization></organization>
          </author>

          <author fullname="L. Andersson" initials="L." surname="Andersson">
            <organization></organization>
          </author>

          <author fullname="N. Sprecher" initials="N." surname="Sprecher">
            <organization></organization>
          </author>

          <date day="" month="March" year="2009" />

          <abstract></abstract>
        </front>

        <seriesInfo name="Internet-Draft"
                    value="draft-helvoort-mpls-tp-rosetta-stone-00" />

        <format target="http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-helvoort-mpls-tp-rosetta-stone-00.txt"
                type="TXT" />
      </reference>

      <!-- End inclusion reference.I-D.helvoort-mpls-tp-rosetta-stone.xml.-->

      <!--Begin inclusion reference.I-D.ietf-mpls-tp-oam-requirements.xml. -->

      <reference anchor="I-D.ietf-mpls-tp-oam-requirements">
        <front>
          <title abbrev="MPLS-TP NM requirements">Requirements for OAM in MPLS
          Transport Networks</title>

          <author fullname="M. Vigoureux" initials="M." surname="Vigoureux">
            <organization></organization>
          </author>

          <author fullname="D. Ward" initials="D." surname="Ward">
            <organization></organization>
          </author>

          <author fullname="M. Betts" initials="M." surname="Betts">
            <organization></organization>
          </author>

          <date month="November" year="2008" />

          <abstract></abstract>
        </front>

        <seriesInfo name="Internet-Draft"
                    value="draft-ietf-mpls-tp-oam-requirements-01" />

        <format target="http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-mpls-tp-oam-requirements-01.txt"
                type="TXT" />
      </reference>

      <!-- End inclusion reference.I-D.ietf-mpls-tp-oam-requirements.xml. -->

      <!--Begin inclusion reference.I-D.ietf-pwe3-ms-pw-arch.xml. -->

      <reference anchor="I-D.ietf-pwe3-ms-pw-arch">
        <front>
          <title abbrev="MPLS-TP NM requirements">Requirements for OAM in MPLS
          Transport Networks</title>

          <author fullname="M. Bocci" initials="M." surname="Bocci">
            <organization></organization>
          </author>

          <author fullname="S. Bryant" initials="S." surname="Bryant">
            <organization></organization>
          </author>

          <date month="September" year="2008" />

          <abstract></abstract>
        </front>

        <seriesInfo name="Internet-Draft"
                    value="draft-ietf-pwe3-ms-pw-arch-06" />

        <format target="http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-pwe3-ms-pw-arch-06.txt"
                type="TXT" />
      </reference>

      <!-- End inclusion reference.I-D.ietf-pwe3-ms-pw-arch.xml. -->

      <!--Begin inclusion reference.ITU.Y1401.2008.xml. -->

      <reference anchor="ITU.Y1401.2008">
        <front>
          <title abbrev="Y.1401">Principles of interworking</title>

          <author>
            <organization>International Telecommunications
            Union</organization>
          </author>

          <date month="February" year="2008" />

          <abstract>
            <t>This Recommendation provides an architectural framework and
            general principles for transport stratum interworking in an NGN
            environment. It describes client/server and peer-partition
            interworking.</t>
          </abstract>
        </front>

        <seriesInfo name="ITU-T" value="Recommendation Y.1401" />
      </reference>

      <!-- End inclusion reference.ITU.Y1401.2008.xml. -->

      <!--Begin inclusion reference.ITU.Y2611.2006.xml. -->

      <reference anchor="ITU.Y2611.2006">
        <front>
          <title abbrev="Y.2611">High-level architecture of future
          packet-based networks</title>

          <author>
            <organization>International Telecommunications
            Union</organization>
          </author>

          <date month="December" year="2006" />

          <abstract>
            <t>ITU-T Recommendation Y.2611 specifies a high-level architecture
            for future packet-based networks (FPBNs). This Recommendation also
            specifies the relationship between an FPBN and the NGN strata and
            the interfaces in an FPBN.</t>

            <t>In order to be able to provide a full suite of services
            (examples of which include data, video and voice telephony
            services) to their customers, operators may need to utilize both
            connectionless packet switched (cl-ps) and connection-oriented
            packet-switched (co-ps) transport modes. This is because each mode
            is well suited to the transport of some services and not so well
            suited to the transport of others.</t>

            <t>FPBNs provide the topmost layer(s) of the transport stratum as
            defined in ITU-T Recommendation Y.2011. The services mentioned
            above form part of the service stratum as defined in ITU-T
            Recommendation Y.2011.</t>
          </abstract>
        </front>

        <seriesInfo name="ITU-T" value="Recommendation Y.2611" />
      </reference>

      <!-- End inclusion reference.ITU.Y2611.2006.xml. -->
    </references>
  </back>
</rfc>

PAFTECH AB 2003-20262026-04-22 22:20:47