One document matched: draft-ietf-ippm-twamp-yang-00.xml


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<rfc category="std" docName="draft-ietf-ippm-twamp-yang-00" ipr="trust200902">
  <?rfc toc="yes" ?>

  <?rfc symrefs="yes" ?>

  <?rfc sortrefs="yes"?>

  <?rfc iprnotified="no" ?>

  <?rfc strict="yes" ?>

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  <front>
    <title abbrev="TWAMP YANG Data Model">Two-Way Active Measurement Protocol
    (TWAMP) Data Model</title>

    <author fullname="Ruth Civil" initials="R." surname="Civil">
      <organization>Ciena Corporation</organization>

      <address>
        <postal>
          <street>307 Legget Drive</street>

          <city>Kanata</city>

          <region>ON</region>

          <code>K2K 3C8</code>

          <country>Canada</country>
        </postal>

        <email>gcivil@ciena.com</email>

        <uri>www.ciena.com</uri>
      </address>
    </author>

    <author fullname="Al Morton" initials="A." surname="Morton">
      <organization>AT&T Labs</organization>

      <address>
        <postal>
          <street>200 Laurel Avenue South</street>

          <city>Middletown,</city>

          <region>NJ</region>

          <code>07748</code>

          <country>USA</country>
        </postal>

        <phone>+1 732 420 1571</phone>

        <facsimile>+1 732 368 1192</facsimile>

        <email>acmorton@att.com</email>

        <uri>http://home.comcast.net/~acmacm/</uri>
      </address>
    </author>

    <author fullname="Lianshu Zheng" initials="L." surname="Zheng">
      <organization>Huawei Technologies</organization>

      <address>
        <postal>
          <street/>

          <city/>

          <region/>

          <code/>

          <country>China</country>
        </postal>

        <email>vero.zheng@huawei.com</email>
      </address>
    </author>

    <author fullname="Reshad Rahman" initials="R." surname="Rahman">
      <organization>Cisco Systems</organization>

      <address>
        <postal>
          <street>2000 Innovation Drive</street>

          <city>Kanata</city>

          <region>ON</region>

          <code>K2K 3E8</code>

          <country>Canada</country>
        </postal>

        <email>rrahman@cisco.com</email>
      </address>
    </author>

    <author fullname="Mahesh Jethanandani" initials="M" surname="Jethanandani">
      <organization>Cisco Systems</organization>

      <address>
        <postal>
          <street>3700 Cisco Way</street>

          <city>San Jose</city>

          <region>CA</region>

          <code>95134</code>

          <country>USA</country>
        </postal>

        <email>mjethanandani@gmail.com</email>
      </address>
    </author>

    <author fullname="Kostas Pentikousis" initials="K.P." role="editor"
            surname="Pentikousis">
      <organization abbrev="EICT"/>

      <address>
        <postal>
          <street/>

          <city> Berlin</city>

          <country>Germany</country>
        </postal>

        <email>pentikousis@gmail.com</email>
      </address>
    </author>

    <date year="2016"/>

    <area>Transport</area>

    <workgroup>IPPM WG</workgroup>

    <abstract>
      <t>This document specifies a data model for client and server
      implementations of the Two-Way Active Measurement Protocol (TWAMP). We
      define the TWAMP data model through Unified Modeling Language (UML)
      class diagrams and formally specify it using YANG.</t>
    </abstract>
  </front>

  <middle>
    <section title="Introduction">
      <t>The Two-Way Active Measurement Protocol (TWAMP) <xref
      target="RFC5357"/> is used to measure network performance parameters
      such as latency, bandwidth, and packet loss by sending probe packets and
      measuring their experience in the network. To date, TWAMP
      implementations do not come with a standard management framework and, as
      such, configuration depends on the various proprietary mechanisms
      developed by the corresponding TWAMP vendor. This document addresses
      this gap by formally specifying the TWAMP data model using YANG.</t>

      <section anchor="motivation" title="Motivation">
        <t>In current TWAMP deployments, the lack of a standardized data model
        limits the flexibility to dynamically instantiate TWAMP-based
        measurements across equipment from different vendors. In large,
        virtualized, and dynamically instantiated infrastructures where
        network functions are placed according to orchestration algorithms as
        discussed in <xref target="I-D.unify-nfvrg-challenges"/><xref
        target="I-D.unify-nfvrg-devops"/>, proprietary mechanisms for managing
        TWAMP measurements pose severe limitations with respect to
        programmability.</t>

        <t>Two major trends call for revisiting the standardization on TWAMP
        management aspects. First, we expect that in the coming years
        large-scale and multi-vendor TWAMP deployments will become the norm.
        From an operations perspective, dealing with several vendor-specific
        TWAMP configuration mechanisms is simply unsustainable in this
        context. Second, the increasingly software-defined and virtualized
        nature of network infrastructures, based on dynamic service chains
        <xref target="NSC"/> and programmable control and management planes
        <xref target="RFC7426"/> requires a well-defined data model for TWAMP
        implementations. This document defines such a TWAMP data model and
        specifies it formally using the YANG data modeling language <xref
        target="RFC6020"/>.</t>
      </section>

      <section title="Terminology">
        <t>The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
        "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
        document are to be interpreted as described in <xref
        target="RFC2119"/>.</t>
      </section>

      <section title="Document Organization">
        <t>The rest of this document is organized as follows. <xref
        target="scope"/> presents the scope and applicability of this
        document. <xref target="structure"/> provides a high-level overview of
        the TWAMP data model. <xref target="parameters"/> details the
        configuration parameters of the data model and <xref target="module"/>
        specifies in YANG the TWAMP data model. <xref target="examples"/>
        lists illustrative examples which conform to the YANG data model
        specified in this document. <xref target="AuthExample"/> elaborates
        these examples further.</t>
      </section>
    </section>

    <section anchor="scope" title="Scope, Model, and Applicability">
      <t>The purpose of this document is the specification of a
      vendor-independent data model for TWAMP implementations.</t>

      <t><xref target="fig:scope"/> illustrates a redrawn version of the TWAMP
      logical model found in Section 1.2 of <xref target="RFC5357"/>. The
      figure is annotated with pointers to the UML diagrams provided in this
      document and associated with the data model of the four logical entities
      in a TWAMP deployment, namely the TWAMP Control-Client, Server,
      Session-Sender and Session-Reflector. As per <xref target="RFC5357"/>,
      unlabeled links in <xref target="fig:scope"/> are unspecified and may be
      proprietary protocols.</t>

      <figure anchor="fig:scope" title="Annotated TWAMP logical model">
        <artwork><![CDATA[
    [Fig. 3]                                 [Fig. 4]
+----------------+                          +--------+
| Control-Client |  <-- TWAMP-Control -->   | Server |
+----------------+                          +--------+ 
        ^                                        ^
        |                                        |
        V                                        V
+----------------+                     +-------------------+
| Session-Sender |  <-- TWAMP-Test --> | Session-Reflector |
+----------------+                     +-------------------+
    [Fig. 5]                                 [Fig. 6]
]]></artwork>
      </figure>

      <t>As per <xref target="RFC5357"/>, a TWAMP implementation may follow a
      simplified logical model, in which the same node acts both as the
      Control-Client and Session-Sender, while another node acts at the same
      time as the TWAMP Server and Session-Reflector. <xref
      target="fig:scope2"/> illustrates this simplified logical model and
      indicates the interaction between the TWAMP configuration client and
      server using, for instance, NETCONF <xref target="RFC6241"/> or RESTCONF
      <xref target="I-D.ietf-netconf-restconf"/>. Note, however, that the
      specific protocol used to communicate the TWAMP configuration parameters
      specified herein is outside the scope of this document. <xref
      target="OperationalCommands"/> considers TWAMP operational commands,
      which are also outside the scope of this document.</t>

      <figure anchor="fig:scope2" title="Simplified TWAMP model and protocols">
        <artwork><![CDATA[
o-------------------o                       o-------------------o
|   Config client   |                       |   Config client   |
o-------------------o                       o-------------------o
         ||                                          ||
 NETCONF || RESTCONF                         NETCONF || RESTCONF
         ||                                          ||
o-------------------o                       o-------------------o
|   Config server   |                       |   Config server   |
|    [Fig. 3, 5]    |                       |    [Fig. 4, 6]    |
+-------------------+                       +-------------------+
|   Control-Client  | <-- TWAMP-Control --> |      Server       |
|                   |                       |                   |
|   Session-Sender  |  <-- TWAMP-Test -->   | Session-Reflector |
+-------------------+                       +-------------------+
]]></artwork>
      </figure>
    </section>

    <section anchor="structure" title="Data Model Overview">
      <t>A TWAMP data model includes four categories of configuration items.
      Global configuration items relate to parameters that are set on a per
      device level. For example, the administrative status of the device with
      respect to whether it allows TWAMP sessions and, if so, in what capacity
      (e.g. Control-Client, Server or both), are typical instances of global
      configuration items. A second category includes attributes that can be
      configured on a per control connection basis, such as the Server IP
      address. A third category includes attributes related to per test
      session attributes, for instance setting different values in the
      Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP) field. Finally, the data model
      could include attributes that relate to the operational state of the
      TWAMP implementation.</t>

      <t>As we describe the TWAMP data model in the remaining sections of this
      document, readers should keep in mind the functional entity grouping
      illustrated in <xref target="fig:scope"/>.</t>

      <section anchor="twamp-client" title="Control-Client">
        <t>A TWAMP Control-Client has an administrative status field set at
        the device level that indicates whether the node is enabled to
        function as such.</t>

        <t>Each TWAMP Control-Client is associated with zero or more TWAMP
        control connections. The main configuration parameters of each control
        connection are: <list style="symbols">
            <t>A name which can be used to uniquely identify at the
            Control-Client a particular control connection. This name is
            necessary for programmability reasons because at the time of
            creation of a TWAMP control connection not all IP and TCP port
            number information needed to uniquely identify the connection is
            available.</t>

            <t>The IP address of the interface the Control-Client will use for
            connections</t>

            <t>The IP address of the remote Server</t>

            <t>Authentication and Encryption attributes such as KeyID, Token
            and the Client Initialization Vector (Client-IV) <xref
            target="RFC4656"/>.</t>
          </list></t>

        <t>Each TWAMP control connection, in turn, is associated with zero or
        more test sessions. For each test session we note the following
        configuration items: <list style="symbols">
            <t>The test session name that uniquely identifies a particular
            test session at the Control-Client and Session-Sender. Similarly
            to the control connections above, this unique test session name is
            needed because at the time of creation of a test session, for
            example, the source UDP port number is not known to uniquely
            identify the test session.</t>

            <t>The IP address and UDP port number of the Session-Sender of the
            path under test by TWAMP</t>

            <t>The IP address and UDP port number of the Session-Reflector of
            said path</t>

            <t>Information pertaining to the test packet stream, such as the
            test starting time or whether the test should be repeated.</t>
          </list></t>
      </section>

      <section anchor="twamp-server" title="Server">
        <t>Each TWAMP Server has an administrative status field set at the
        device level to indicate whether the node is enabled to function as a
        TWAMP Server.</t>

        <t>Each TWAMP Server is associated with zero or more control
        connections. Each control connection is uniquely identified by the
        4-tuple {Control-Client IP address, Control-Client TCP port number,
        Server IP address, Server TCP port}. Control connection configuration
        items on a TWAMP Server are read-only.</t>
      </section>

      <section anchor="twampSender" title="Session-Sender">
        <t>There is one TWAMP Session-Sender instance for each test session
        that is initiated from the sending device. Primary configuration
        fields include: <list style="symbols">
            <t>The test session name that MUST be identical with the
            corresponding test session name on the TWAMP Control-Client (<xref
            target="twamp-client"/>)</t>

            <t>The control connection name, which along with the test session
            name uniquely identify the TWAMP Session-Sender instance</t>

            <t>Information pertaining to the test packet stream, such as, for
            example, the number of test packets and the packet distribution to
            be employed.</t>
          </list></t>
      </section>

      <section anchor="twampReflector" title="Session-Reflector">
        <t>Each TWAMP Session-Reflector is associated with zero or more test
        sessions. For each test session, the REFWAIT parameter (Section 4.2 of
        <xref target="RFC5357"/> can be configured. Read-only access to other
        data model parameters, such as the Sender IP address is foreseen. Each
        test session can be uniquely identified by the 4-tuple mentioned in
        <xref target="twamp-server"/>.</t>
      </section>
    </section>

    <section anchor="parameters" title="Data Model Parameters">
      <t>This section defines the TWAMP data model using UML and describes all
      associated parameters.</t>

      <section anchor="clientConfig" title="Control-Client">
        <t>The twamp-client container (see <xref target="fig:twamp-client"/>)
        holds items that are related to the configuration of the TWAMP
        Control-Client logical entity. These are divided up into items that
        are associated with the configuration of the Control-Client as a whole
        (e.g. client-admin-state) and items that are associated with
        individual control connections initiated by the Control-Client entity
        (twamp-client-ctrl-connection).</t>

        <figure anchor="fig:twamp-client"
                title="TWAMP Control-Client UML class diagram">
          <artwork><![CDATA[
+--------------------+
| twamp-client       |
+--------------------+                   1..* +-----------------------+
| client-admin-state |<>----------------------| mode-preference-chain |
|                    |                        +-----------------------+
|                    |  1..* +------------+   | priority              |
|                    |<>-----| key-chain  |   | mode                  |
+--------------------+       +------------+   +-----------------------+
              ^              | key-id     |
              V              | secret-key |
              |              +------------+
              | 0..*
+------------------------------+
| twamp-client-ctrl-connection |
+------------------------------+
| ctrl-connection-name         |
| client-ip                    |
| server-ip                    |
| server-tcp-port              |    0..* +-------------------------+
| dscp                         |<>-------| twamp-session-request   |
| key-id                       |         +-------------------------+
| max-count                    |         | test-session-name       |
| client-tcp-port         {ro} |         | sender-ip               |
| server-start-time       {ro} |         | sender-udp-port         |
| ctrl-connection-state   {ro} |         | reflector-ip            |
| selected-mode           {ro} |         | reflector-udp-port      |
| token                   {ro} |         | timeout                 |
| client-iv               {ro} |         | padding-length          |
+------------------------------+         | dscp                    |
                                         | start-time              |
                  +-------------+ 1      | repeat                  |
                  | pm-reg-list |------<>| repeat-interval         |
                  +-------------+        | test-session-state {ro} |
                  | pm-index    |        | sid                {ro} |
                  +-------------+        +-------------------------+
]]></artwork>
        </figure>

        <t>The twamp-client container includes an administrative parameter
        (client-admin-state) that controls whether the device is allowed to
        initiate TWAMP control sessions.</t>

        <t>The twamp-client container holds a list (mode-preference-chain)
        which specifies the preferred Mode values according to their preferred
        order of use, including the authentication and encryption Modes.
        Specifically, mode-preference-chain lists each priority (expressed as
        a 16-bit unsigned integer, where zero is the highest priority and
        subsequent values monotonically increasing) with their corresponding
        mode (expressed as a 32-bit Hexadecimal value). Depending on the Modes
        available in the Server Greeting, the Control-Client MUST choose the
        highest priority Mode from the configured mode-preference-chain list.
        Note that the list of preferred Modes may set bit position
        combinations when necessary, such as when referring to the extended
        TWAMP features in <xref target="RFC5618"/>, <xref target="RFC5938"/>,
        and <xref target="RFC6038"/>. If the Control-Client cannot determine
        an acceptable Mode, it MUST respond with zero Mode bits set in the
        Set-up Response message, indicating it will not continue with the
        control connection.</t>

        <t>In addition, the twamp-client container holds a list named
        key-chain which relates KeyIDs with the respective secret keys. Both
        the Server and the Control-Client use the same mappings from KeyIDs to
        shared secrets (key-id and secret-key in <xref
        target="fig:twamp-client"/>, respectively). The Server, being prepared
        to conduct sessions with more than one Control-Client, uses KeyIDs to
        choose the appropriate secret-key; a Control-Client would typically
        have different secret keys for different Servers. The secret-key is
        the shared secret, an octet string of arbitrary length whose
        interpretation as a text string is unspecified. The key-id and
        secret-key encoding should follow Section 9.4 of <xref
        target="RFC6020"/>. The derived key length (dkLen in <xref
        target="RFC2898"/>) MUST be 128-bits for the AES Session-key used for
        encryption and a 256-bit HMAC-SHA1 Session-key used for authentication
        (see Section 6.10 of <xref target="RFC4656"/>).</t>

        <t>Each twamp-client container also holds a list of
        twamp-client-ctrl-connection, where each item in the list describes a
        TWAMP control connection that will be initiated by this
        Control-Client. There SHALL be one instance of
        twamp-client-ctrl-connection per TWAMP-Control (TCP) connection that
        is to be initiated from this device.</t>

        <t>The configuration items for twamp-client-ctrl-connection are: <list
            hangIndent="8" style="hanging">
            <t hangText="ctrl-connection-name"><vspace/>A unique name used as
            a key to identify this individual TWAMP control connection on the
            Control-Client device.</t>

            <t hangText="client-ip"><vspace/>The IP address of the local
            Control-Client device, to be placed in the source IP address field
            of the IP header in TWAMP-Control (TCP) packets belonging to this
            control connection. If not configured, the device SHALL choose its
            own source IP address.</t>

            <t hangText="server-ip"><vspace/>The IP address belonging to the
            remote Server device, which the TWAMP-Control connection will be
            initiated to. This item is mandatory.</t>

            <t hangText="server-tcp-port"><vspace/>This parameter defines the
            TCP port number that is to be used by this outgoing TWAMP-Control
            connection. Typically, this is the well-known TWAMP port number
            (862) as per <xref target="RFC5357"/>. However, there are known
            realizations of TWAMP in the field that were implemented before
            this well-known port number was allocated. These early
            implementations allowed the port number to be configured. This
            parameter is therefore provided for backward compatibility
            reasons. The default value is 862.</t>

            <t hangText="dscp">The DSCP value to be placed in the TCP header
            of TWAMP-Control packets generated by this Control-Client. The
            default value is 0.</t>

            <t hangText="key-id"><vspace/>The key-id value that is selected
            for this TWAMP-Control connection.</t>

            <t hangText="max-count"><vspace/>If an attacking system sets the
            maximum value in Count (2**32), then the system under attack would
            stall for a significant period of time while it attempts to
            generate keys. Therefore, TWAMP-compliant systems SHOULD have a
            configuration control to limit the maximum Count value. The
            default max-count value SHOULD be 32768.</t>
          </list></t>

        <t>The following twamp-client-ctrl-connection parameters are
        read-only: <list hangIndent="8" style="hanging">
            <t hangText="client-tcp-port"><vspace/>The source TCP port number
            used in the TWAMP-Control packets belonging to this control
            connection.</t>

            <t hangText="server-start-time"><vspace/>The Start-Time advertized
            by the Server in the Server-Start message (<xref
            target="RFC4656"/>, Section 3.1). This is a timestamp representing
            the time when the current instantiation of the Server started
            operating.</t>

            <t hangText="ctrl-connection-state"><vspace/>The TWAMP-Control
            connection state can be either active or idle.</t>

            <t hangText="selected-mode"><vspace/>The TWAMP Mode that the
            Control-Client has chosen for this control connection as set in
            the Mode field of the Set-Up-Response message (<xref
            target="RFC4656"/>, Section 3.1).</t>

            <t hangText="token">This parameter holds the 64 octets containing
            the concatenation of a 16-octet challenge, a 16-octet AES
            Session-key used for encryption, and a 32-octet HMAC-SHA1
            Session-key used for authentication. AES Session-key and HMAC
            Session-key are generated randomly by the Control-Client. AES
            Session-key and HMAC Session-key MUST be generated with sufficient
            entropy not to reduce the security of the underlying cipher <xref
            target="RFC4086"/>. The token itself is encrypted using the AES
            (Advanced Encryption Standard) in Cipher Block Chaining (CBC).
            Encryption MUST be performed using an Initialization Vector (IV)
            of zero and a key derived from the shared secret associated with
            KeyID. Challenge is the same as transmitted by the Server (<xref
            target="serverConfig"/>) in the clear; see also the last paragraph
            of Section 6 in <xref target="RFC4656"/>.</t>

            <t hangText="client-iv"><vspace/>The Control-Client Initialization
            Vector (Client-IV) is generated randomly by the Control-Client.
            Client-IV merely needs to be unique (i.e., it MUST never be
            repeated for different sessions using the same secret key; a
            simple way to achieve that without the use of cumbersome state is
            to generate the Client-IV values using a cryptographically secure
            pseudo-random number source.</t>
          </list></t>

        <t>Each twamp-client-ctrl-connection holds a list of
        twamp-session-request. twamp-session-request holds information
        associated with the Control-Client for this test session. This
        includes information that is associated with the
        Request-TW-Session/Accept-Session message exchange (see Section 3.5 of
        <xref target="RFC5357"/>). The Control-Client is also responsible for
        scheduling and results collection for TWAMP-Test sessions, so
        twamp-session-request will also hold information related these actions
        (e.g. pm-index, repeat-interval).</t>

        <t>There SHALL be one instance of twamp-session-request for each
        TWAMP-Test session that is to be negotiated by this TWAMP-Control
        connection via a Request-TW-Session/Accept-Session exchange.</t>

        <t>The configuration items for twamp-session-request are: <list
            hangIndent="8" style="hanging">
            <t hangText="test-session-name"><vspace/>A unique name for this
            test session to be used for identification of this TWAMP-Test
            session on the Control-Client.</t>

            <t hangText="sender-ip"><vspace/>The IP address of the
            Session-Sender device, which is to be placed in the source IP
            address field of the IP header in TWAMP-Test (UDP) packets
            belonging to this test session. This value will be used to
            populate the sender address field of the Request-TW-Session
            message. If not configured, the device SHALL choose its own source
            IP address.</t>

            <t hangText="sender-udp-port"><vspace/>The UDP port number that is
            to be used by the Session-Sender for this TWAMP-Test session. The
            number is restricted to the dynamic port range (49152 .. 65535). A
            value of zero indicates that the Control-Client SHALL
            auto-allocate a UDP port number for this TWAMP-Test session. The
            configured (or auto-allocated) value is advertized in the Sender
            Port field of the Request-TW-session message (see also Section 3.5
            of <xref target="RFC5357"/>). Note that in the scenario where a
            device auto-allocates a UDP port number for a session, and the
            repeat parameter for that session indicates that it should be
            repeated, the device is free to auto-allocate a different UDP port
            number when it negotiates the next (repeated) iteration of this
            session.</t>

            <t hangText="reflector-ip"><vspace/>The IP address belonging to
            the remote Session-Reflector device to which the TWAMP-Test
            session will be initiated. This value will be used to populate the
            receiver address field of the Request-TW-Session message. This
            item is mandatory.</t>

            <t hangText="reflector-udp-port"><vspace/>This parameter defines
            the UDP port number that will be used by the Session-Reflector for
            this TWAMP-Test session. The number is restricted to the dynamic
            port range (49152 .. 65535). This value will be placed in the
            Receiver Port field of the Request-TW-Session message. If this
            value is not set, the device SHALL use the same port number as
            defined in the server-tcp-port parameter of this
            twamp-session-request's parent twamp-client-ctrl-connection.</t>

            <t hangText="timeout">The length of time (in seconds) that the
            Session-Reflector should continue to respond to packets belonging
            to this TWAMP-Test session after a Stop-Sessions TWAMP-Control
            message has been received (<xref target="RFC5357"/>, Section 3.8).
            This value will be placed in the Timeout field of the
            Request-TW-Session message. The default value is 2 seconds.</t>

            <t hangText="padding-length"><vspace/>The number of bytes of
            padding that will be added to the TWAMP-Test (UDP) packets
            generated by the Session-Sender. This value will be placed in the
            Padding Length field of the Request-TW-Session message (<xref
            target="RFC4656"/>, Section 3.5).</t>

            <t hangText="dscp">The DSCP value to be placed in the UDP header
            of TWAMP-Test packets generated by the Session-Sender, and in the
            UDP header of the TWAMP-Test response packets generated by the
            Session-Reflector for this test session. This value will be placed
            in the Type-P Descriptor field of the Request-TW-Session message
            (<xref target="RFC5357"/>).</t>

            <t hangText="start-time"><vspace/>Time when the session is to be
            started (but not before the Start-Sessions command is issued).
            This value is placed in the Start Time field of the
            Request-TW-Session message. The default value of 0 indicates that
            the session will be started as soon as the Start-Sessions message
            is received.</t>

            <t hangText="repeat"><vspace/>This value determines if the
            TWAMP-Test session must be repeated. When a test session has
            completed, the repeat parameter is checked. The value of 0
            indicates that the session MUST NOT be repeated. If the value is 1
            through 4,294,967,294 then the test session SHALL be repeated
            using the information in repeat-interval parameter, and the parent
            TWAMP-Control connection for this test session is restarted to
            negotiate a new instance of this TWAMP-Test session. The
            implementation MUST decrement the value of repeat after
            determining a repeated session is expected. The value of
            4,294,967,295 indicates that the test session SHALL be repeated
            *forever* using the information in repeat-interval parameter, and
            SHALL NOT decrement the value. The default value of repeat is 0,
            indicating that once the session has completed, it will not be
            renegotiated and restarted.</t>

            <t hangText="repeat-interval"><vspace/>This parameter determines
            the timing of repeated test sessions when repeat > 0. When the
            value of repeat-interval is 0, the negotiation of a new test
            session SHALL begin immediately after the previous test session
            completes. Otherwise, the Control-Client will wait for the number
            of minutes specified in the repeat-interval parameter before
            negotiating the new instance of this TWAMP-Test session. The
            default value of repeat-interval is 0, indicating immediate
            re-start.</t>

            <t hangText="pm-reg-list"><vspace/> A list of one or more
            Performance Metric Registry Index values (see <xref
            target="I-D.ietf-ippm-metric-registry"/>, which communicate packet
            stream characteristics and one or more metrics to be measured. All
            members of the pm-reg-list MUST have the same stream
            characteristics, such that they combine to specify all metrics
            that shall be measured on a single stream.</t>

            <t hangText="pm-index"><vspace/> One or more Numerical index
            values of a Registered Metric in the Performance Metric Registry
            <xref target="I-D.ietf-ippm-metric-registry"/> comprise the
            pm-reg-list. Output statistics are specified in the corresponding
            Registry entry.</t>
          </list></t>

        <t>The following twamp-session-request parameters are read-only: <list
            hangIndent="8" style="hanging">
            <t hangText="test-session-state"><vspace/>The TWAMP-Test session
            state can be either accepted or indicate the respective error
            code.</t>

            <t hangText="sid">The SID allocated by the Server for this
            TWAMP-Test session, and communicated back to the Control-Client in
            the SID field of the Accept-Session message; see Section 4.3 of
            <xref target="RFC6038"/>.</t>
          </list></t>
      </section>

      <section anchor="serverConfig" title="Server">
        <t>The twamp-server container (see <xref target="fig:twamp-server"/>)
        holds items that are related to the configuration of the TWAMP Server
        logical entity (recall <xref target="fig:scope"/>).</t>

        <figure anchor="fig:twamp-server"
                title="TWAMP Server UML class diagram">
          <artwork><![CDATA[
+------------------ -+
| twamp-server       |
+--------------------+
| server-admin-state |   1..* +------------+
| server-tcp-port    |<>------| key-chain  |
| servwait           |        +------------+
| dscp               |        | key-id     |
| count              |        | secret-key |
| max-count          |        +------------+
| modes              |
|                    |   0..* +-----------------------------------+
|                    |<>------| twamp-server-ctrl-connection      |
+--------------------+        +-----------------------------------+
                              | client-ip                    {ro} |                            
                              | client-tcp-port              {ro} |
                              | server-ip                    {ro} |
                              | server-tcp-port              {ro} |
                              | server-ctrl-connection-state {ro} |
                              | dscp                         {ro} |
                              | selected-mode                {ro} |
                              | key-id                       {ro} |
                              | count                        {ro} |
                              | max-count                    {ro} |
                              | salt                         {ro} | 
                              | server-iv                    {ro} |
                              | challenge                    {ro} |
                              +-----------------------------------+
]]></artwork>
        </figure>

        <t>A device operating in the Server role cannot configure attributes
        on a per TWAMP-Control connection basis, as it has no foreknowledge of
        what incoming TWAMP-Control connections it will receive. As such, any
        parameter that the Server might want to apply to an incoming control
        connection must be configured at the overall Server level, and will
        then be applied to all incoming TWAMP-Control connections.</t>

        <t>Each twamp-server container holds a list named key-chain which
        relates KeyIDs with the respective secret keys. As mentioned in <xref
        target="clientConfig"/>, both the Server and the Control-Client use
        the same mappings from KeyIDs to shared secrets. The Server, being
        prepared to conduct sessions with more than one Control-Client, uses
        KeyIDs to choose the appropriate secret-key; a Control-Client would
        typically have different secret keys for different Servers. key-id
        tells the Server which shared-secret the Control-Client wishes to use
        for authentication or encryption.</t>

        <t>Each incoming control connection that is active on the Server will
        be represented by an instance of a twamp-server-ctrl-connection
        object. All items in the twamp-server-ctrl-connection object are
        read-only, as we explain later in this section.</t>

        <t>The twamp-server container items are as follows: <list
            hangIndent="8" style="hanging">
            <t hangText="server-admin-state"><vspace/>This administrative
            parameter controls whether the device is allowed to operate as a
            TWAMP Server. As defined in <xref target="RFC5357"/> the roles of
            Server and Session-Reflector can be played by the same host;
            recall <xref target="fig:scope2"/>. For a host operating in this
            manner, this parameter controls whether the device is allowed to
            respond to TWAMP control sessions.</t>

            <t hangText="server-tcp-port"><vspace/>This parameter defines the
            well known TCP port number that is used by TWAMP-Control. The
            Server will listen on this port number for incoming TWAMP-Control
            connections. Although this is defined as a fixed value (862) in
            <xref target="RFC5357"/>, there are several realizations of TWAMP
            in the field that were implemented before this well-known port
            number was allocated. These early implementations allowed the port
            number to be configured. This parameter is therefore provided for
            backward compatibility reasons. The default value is 862.</t>

            <t hangText="servwait"><vspace/>TWAMP-Control (TCP) session
            timeout, in seconds ((<xref target="RFC5357"/>, Section 3.1)).</t>

            <t hangText="dscp">The DSCP value to be placed in the IP header of
            TWAMP-Control (TCP) packets generated by the Server. Section 3.1
            of <xref target="RFC5357"/> specifies that the server SHOULD use
            the DSCP value from the Control-Client's TCP SYN. However, for
            practical purposes TWAMP will typically be implemented using a
            general purpose TCP stack provided by the underlying operating
            system, and such a stack may not provide this information to the
            user. Consequently, it is not always possible to implement the
            behavior described in <xref target="RFC5357"/> in an OS-portable
            version of TWAMP. The default behavior if this item is not set is
            to use the DSCP value from the Control-Client's TCP SYN, as per
            Section 3.1 of <xref target="RFC5357"/>.</t>

            <t hangText="count">Parameter used in deriving a key from a shared
            secret as described in Section 3.1 of <xref target="RFC4656"/>,
            and are communicated to the Control-Client as part of the Server
            Greeting message. count MUST be a power of 2. count MUST be at
            least 1024. count SHOULD be increased as more computing power
            becomes common.</t>

            <t hangText="max-count"><vspace/>If an attacking system sets the
            maximum value in count (2**32), then the system under attack would
            stall for a significant period of time while it attempts to
            generate keys. Therefore, TWAMP-compliant systems SHOULD have a
            configuration control to limit the maximum count value. The
            default max-count value SHOULD be 32768.</t>

            <t hangText="modes"><vspace/>The bit mask of TWAMP Modes this
            Server instance is willing to support; see IANA TWAMP Modes
            Registry. Each bit position set represents a mode; see TWAMP-Modes
            at
            http://www.iana.org/assignments/twamp-parameters/twamp-parameters.xhtml.
            Note: Modes requiring Authentication or Encryption MUST include
            the related attributes.</t>
          </list></t>

        <t>There SHALL be one instance of twamp-server-ctrl-connection per
        incoming TWAMP-Control (TCP) connection that is received and active on
        the Server device. All items in the twamp-server-ctrl-connection are
        read-only. Each instance of twamp-server-ctrl-connection uses the
        following 4-tuple as its unique key: client-ip, client-tcp-port,
        server-ip, server-tcp-port.</t>

        <t>The twamp-server-ctrl-connection container items are all read-only:
        <list hangIndent="8" style="hanging">
            <t hangText="client-ip"><vspace/>The IP address on the remote
            Control-Client device, which is the source IP address used in the
            TWAMP-Control (TCP) packets belonging to this control
            connection.</t>

            <t hangText="client-tcp-port"><vspace/>The source TCP port number
            used in the TWAMP-Control (TCP) packets belonging to this control
            connection.</t>

            <t hangText="server-ip"><vspace/>The IP address of the local
            Server device, which is the destination IP address used in the
            TWAMP-Control (TCP) packets belonging to this control
            connection.</t>

            <t hangText="server-tcp-port"><vspace/>The destination TCP port
            number used in the TWAMP-Control (TCP) packets belonging to this
            control connection. This will usually be the same value as the
            server-tcp-port configured under twamp-server. However, in the
            event that the user re-configured twamp-server:server-tcp-port
            after this control connection was initiated, this value will
            indicate the server-tcp-port that is actually in use for this
            control connection.</t>

            <t hangText="server-ctrl-connection-state"><vspace/>The Server
            TWAMP-Control connection state can be active or SERVWAIT.</t>

            <t hangText="dscp"><vspace/>The DSCP value used in the IP header
            of the TWAMP-Control (TCP) packets sent by the Server for this
            control connection. This will usually be the same value as is
            configured in the dscp parameter under the twamp-server container.
            However, in the event that the user re-configures
            twamp-server:dscp after this control connection is already in
            progress, this read-only value will show the actual dscp value in
            use by this TWAMP-Control connection.</t>

            <t hangText="selected-mode"><vspace/>The Mode that was chosen for
            this TWAMP-Control connection as set in the Mode field of the
            Set-Up-Response message.</t>

            <t hangText="key-id"><vspace/>The KeyID value that is in use by
            this TWAMP-Control connection. The Control-Client selects the
            key-id for the control connection.</t>

            <t hangText="count"><vspace/>The count value that is in use by
            this TWAMP-Control connection. This will usually be the same value
            as is configured under twamp-server. However, in the event that
            the user re-configured twamp-server:count after this control
            connection is already in progress, this read-only value will show
            the actual count that is in use for this TWAMP-Control
            connection.</t>

            <t hangText="max-count"><vspace/>The max-count value that is in
            use by this TWAMP-Control connection. This will usually be the
            same value as is configured under twamp-server. However, in the
            event that the user re-configured twamp-server:max-count after
            this control connection is already in progress, this read-only
            value will show the actual max-count that is in use for this
            control connection.</t>
          </list><list hangIndent="8" style="hanging">
            <t hangText="salt">A parameter used in deriving a key from a
            shared secret as described in Section 3.1 of <xref
            target="RFC4656"/>. Salt MUST be generated pseudo-randomly
            (independently of anything else in the RFC) and is communicated to
            the Control-Client as part of the Server Greeting message.</t>

            <t hangText="server-iv"><vspace/>The Server Initialization Vector
            (IV) is generated randomly by the Server.</t>

            <t hangText="challenge"><vspace/>A random sequence of octets
            generated by the Server. As described in <xref
            target="clientConfig"/> challenge is used by the Control-Client to
            prove possession of a shared secret.</t>
          </list></t>
      </section>

      <section anchor="senderConfig" title="Session-Sender">
        <t>The twamp-session-sender container, illustrated in <xref
        target="fig:twampSenders"/>, holds items that are related to the
        configuration of the TWAMP Session-Sender logical entity.</t>

        <t>The twamp-session-sender container includes an administrative
        parameter (session-sender-admin-state) that controls whether the
        device is allowed to initiate TWAMP test sessions.</t>

        <t>There is one instance of twamp-sender-test-session for each
        TWAMP-Test session for which packets are being sent.</t>

        <figure anchor="fig:twampSenders"
                title="TWAMP Session-Sender UML class diagram">
          <artwork><![CDATA[
+----------------------------+
| twamp-session-sender       |
+----------------------------+  0..* +---------------------------+
| session-sender-admin-state |<>-----| twamp-sender-test-session |
+----------------------------+       +---------------------------+
                                     | test-session-name         |
                                     | ctrl-connection-name {ro} |
                                     | fill-mode                 |
                                     | number-of-packets         |
                                     | sender-session-state {ro} |
                                     | sent-packets         {ro} |
                                     | rcv-packets          {ro} |
                                     | last-sent-seq        {ro} |
                                     | last-rcv-seq         {ro} |
                                     +---------------------------+
                                                ^
                                                V
                                                | 1
                                      +---------------------+
                                      | packet-distribution |
                                      +---------------------+
                                      | periodic /  poisson |
                                      +---------------------+
                                          |           |
                         +-------------------------+  |
                         | periodic-interval       |  | 
                         | periodic-interval-units |  | 
                         +-------------------------+  |
                                          +------------------------+
                                          | lambda                 | 
                                          | lambda-units           |
                                          | max-interval           |
                                          | truncation-point-units |
                                          +------------------------+
]]></artwork>
        </figure>

        <t>The twamp-sender-test-session container items are: <list
            hangIndent="8" style="hanging">
            <t hangText="test-session-name"><vspace/>A unique name for this
            TWAMP-Test session to be used for identifying this test session by
            the Session-Sender logical entity.</t>

            <t hangText="ctrl-connection-name"><vspace/>The name of the parent
            TWAMP-Control connection that is responsible for negotiating this
            TWAMP-Test session.</t>

            <t hangText="fill-mode"><vspace/>Indicates whether the padding
            added to the TWAMP-Test (UDP) packets will contain pseudo-random
            numbers, or whether it should consist of all zeroes, as per
            Section 4.2.1 of <xref target="RFC5357"/>.</t>

            <t hangText="number-of-packets"><vspace/>The overall number of
            TWAMP-Test (UDP) packets to be transmitted by the Session-Sender
            for this test session.</t>

            <t hangText="packet-distribution"><vspace/>Defines whether
            TWAMP-Test (UDP) packets are to be transmitted with a fixed
            interval between them, or whether a Poisson distribution is to be
            used.</t>

            <t
            hangText="periodic-interval and periodic-interval-units"><vspace/>If
            packet-distribution is set to periodic, these two values are used
            together to determine the period to wait between the first bits of
            TWAMP-Test (UDP) packet transmissions for this test session.
            periodic-interval-units is one of seconds, milliseconds,
            microseconds, nanoseconds; see <xref target="RFC3432"/>.</t>

            <t hangText="lambda and lambda-units"><vspace/>If
            packet-distribution is Poisson, the lambda parameter determines
            the corresponding average rate of packet transmission.
            lambda-units defines the units of lambda in reciprocal seconds;
            see <xref target="RFC3432"/>.</t>

            <t hangText="max-interval"><vspace/>If packet-distribution is
            Poisson, then this parameter keeps a stream active by setting a
            maximum time between packet transmissions.</t>

            <t hangText="truncation-point-units"><vspace/>One of seconds,
            milliseconds, microseconds, nanoseconds.</t>
          </list></t>

        <t>The following twamp-sender-test-session parameters are read-only:
        <list hangIndent="8" style="hanging">
            <t hangText="sender-session-state"><vspace/>This read-only item
            can be either Active or Idle.</t>

            <t hangText="sent-packets"><vspace/>The number of TWAMP-Test (UDP)
            packets belonging to this session that have been transmitted by
            the Session-Sender.</t>

            <t hangText="rcv-packets"><vspace/>The number of TWAMP-Test (UDP)
            packets belonging to this session that have been received from the
            Session-Reflector. The round trip loss for a test session can be
            calculated as sent-packets - rcv-packets.</t>

            <t hangText="last-sent-seq"><vspace/>The value in the sequence
            number field of the last TWAMP-Test (UDP) packet transmitted for
            this test session. Sequence numbers start from zero, so this
            should always be one less than the sent-packets value.</t>

            <t hangText="last-rcv-seq"><vspace/>The value in the sequence
            number field of the last TWAMP-Test (UDP) packet received for this
            test session. In the case of packet loss in the Session-Sender to
            Session-Reflector direction, this value minus the last-sent-seq
            will quantify the number of packets that were lost in the
            Session-Sender to Session-Reflector direction.</t>
          </list></t>
      </section>

      <section anchor="reflectorConfig" title="Session-Reflector">
        <t>The twamp-session-reflector container, illustrated in <xref
        target="fig:twampReflector"/>, holds items that are related to the
        configuration of the TWAMP Session-Reflector logical entity.</t>

        <t>A device operating in the Session-Reflector role cannot configure
        attributes on a per-session basis, as it has no foreknowledge of what
        incoming sessions it will receive. As such, any parameter that the
        Session-Reflector might want to apply to an incoming TWAMP-Test
        session must be configured at the overall Session-Reflector level, and
        will then be applied to all incoming sessions.</t>

        <t>The twamp-session-sender container includes an administrative
        parameter (session-reflector-admin-state) that controls whether the
        device is allowed to respond to incoming TWAMP test sessions. Each
        incoming TWAMP-Test session that is active on the Session-Reflector
        will be represented by an instance of a twamp-reflector-test-session
        object. All items in the twamp-reflector-test-session object are
        read-only.</t>

        <figure anchor="fig:twampReflector"
                title="TWAMP Session-Reflector UML class diagram">
          <artwork><![CDATA[
+----=--------------------------+
| twamp-session-reflector       |
+-------------------------------+
| session-reflector-admin-state |
| refwait                       |
+-------------------------------+
                 ^
                 V
                 |
                 | 0..*
+----------------------------------------+
| twamp-reflector-test-session           |
+----------------------------------------+
| sid                               {ro} |
| sender-ip                         {ro} |
| sender-udp-port                   {ro} |
| reflector-ip                      {ro} |
| reflector-udp-port                {ro} |
| parent-connection-client-ip       {ro} |
| parent-connection-client-tcp-port {ro} |
| parent-connection-server-ip       {ro} |
| parent-connection-server-tcp-port {ro} |
| dscp                              {ro} |
| sent-packets                      {ro} |
| rcv-packets                       {ro} |
| last-sent-seq                     {ro} |
| last-rcv-seq                      {ro} |
+----------------------------------------+
]]></artwork>
        </figure>

        <t>The twamp-session-reflector configuration items are: <list
            hangIndent="8" style="hanging">
            <t hangText="refwait"><vspace/>The Session-Reflector MAY
            discontinue any session that has been started when no packet
            associated with that session has been received for REFWAIT
            seconds. The default value of REFWAIT SHALL be 900 seconds, and
            this waiting time MAY be configurable. This timeout allows a
            Session-Reflector to free up resources in case of failure.</t>
          </list></t>

        <t>Instances of twamp-reflector-test-session are indexed by a session
        identifier (sid). This value is auto-allocated by the Server as test
        session requests are received, and communicated back to the
        Control-Client in the SID field of the Accept-Session message; see
        Section 4.3 of <xref target="RFC6038"/>.</t>

        <t>When attempting to retrieve operational data for active test
        sessions from a Session-Reflector device, the user will not know what
        sessions are currently active on that device, or what SIDs have been
        auto-allocated for these test sessions. If the user has network access
        to the Control-Client device, then it is possible to read the data for
        this session under
        twamp-client:twamp-client-ctrl-connection:twamp-session-request:sid
        and obtain the SID (see <xref target="fig:twamp-client"/>). The user
        may then use this SID value as an index to retrieve an individual
        twamp-session-reflector:twamp-reflector-test-session instance on the
        Session-Reflector device.</t>

        <t>If the user has no network access to the Control-Client device,
        then the only option is to retrieve all twamp-reflector-test-session
        instances from the Session-Reflector device. This could be problematic
        if a large number of test sessions are currently active on that
        device.</t>

        <t>Each Session-Reflector TWAMP-Test session contains the following
        4-tuple: {parent-connection-client-ip,
        parent-connection-client-tcp-port, parent-connection-server-ip,
        parent-connection-server-tcp-port}. This 4-tuple corresponds to the
        equivalent 4-tuple {client-ip, client-tcp-port, server-ip,
        server-tcp-port} in the twamp-server-ctrl-connection object. This
        4-tuple allows the user to trace back from the TWAMP-Test session to
        the (parent) TWAMP-Control connection that negotiated this test
        session.</t>

        <t>All data under twamp-reflector-test-session is read-only: <list
            hangIndent="8" style="hanging">
            <t hangText="sid">An auto-allocated identifier for this TWAMP-Test
            session, that is unique within the context of this
            Server/Session-Reflector device only. This value will be
            communicated to the Control-Client that requested the test session
            in the SID field of the Accept-Session message.</t>

            <t hangText="sender-ip"><vspace/>The IP address on the remote
            device, which is the source IP address used in the TWAMP-Test
            (UDP) packets belonging to this test session.</t>

            <t hangText="sender-udp-port"><vspace/>The source UDP port used in
            the TWAMP-Test packets belonging to this test session. The number
            is restricted to the dynamic port range (49152 .. 65535).</t>

            <t hangText="reflector-ip"><vspace/>The IP address of the local
            Session-Reflector device, which is the destination IP address used
            in the TWAMP-Test (UDP) packets belonging to this test
            session.</t>

            <t hangText="reflector-udp-port"><vspace/>The destination UDP port
            number used in the TWAMP-Test (UDP) test packets belonging to this
            test session. The number is restricted to the dynamic port range
            (49152 .. 65535).</t>

            <t hangText="parent-connection-client-ip"><vspace/>The IP address
            on the Control-Client device, which is the source IP address used
            in the TWAMP-Control (TCP) packets belonging to the parent control
            connection that negotiated this test session.</t>

            <t hangText="parent-connection-client-tcp-port"><vspace/>The
            source TCP port number used in the TWAMP TCP control packets
            belonging to the parent control connection that negotiated this
            test session.</t>

            <t hangText="parent-connection-server-ip"><vspace/>The IP address
            of the Server device, which is the destination IP address used in
            the TWAMP-Control (TCP) packets belonging to the parent control
            connection that negotiated this test session.</t>

            <t hangText="parent-connection-server-tcp-port"><vspace/>The
            destination TCP port number used in the TWAMP-Control (TCP)
            packets belonging to the parent control connection that negotiated
            this test session.</t>

            <t hangText="dscp">The DSCP value present in the IP header of
            TWAMP-Test (UDP) packets belonging to this test session.</t>

            <t hangText="sent-packets"><vspace/>The number of TWAMP-Test (UDP)
            response packets that have been sent by the Session-Reflector for
            this test session.</t>

            <t hangText="rcv-packets"><vspace/>The number of TWAMP-Test (UDP)
            packets that have been received by the Session-Reflector for this
            test session. Since the Session-Reflector should respond to every
            test packet it receives, the sent-packets and rcv-packets values
            should always be identical.</t>

            <t hangText="last-sent-seq"><vspace/>The value in the sequence
            number field of the last TWAMP-Test (UDP) response packet
            transmitted for this test session.</t>

            <t hangText="last-rcv-seq"><vspace/>The value in the sequence
            number field of the last TWAMP-Test (UDP) packet received for this
            test session.</t>
          </list></t>
      </section>
    </section>

    <section anchor="module" title="Data Model">
      <t>This section formally specifies the TWAMP data model using YANG.</t>

      <section title="YANG Tree Diagram">
        <t>This section presents a simplified graphical representation of the
        TWAMP data model using a YANG tree diagram. Readers should keep in
        mind that the limit of 72 characters per line forces us to introduce
        artificial line breaks in some tree diagram nodes.</t>

        <figure>
          <artwork><![CDATA[
module: ietf-twamp
   +--rw twamp
      +--rw twamp-client! {control-client}?
      |  +--rw client-admin-state              boolean
      |  +--rw mode-preference-chain* [priority]
      |  |  +--rw priority    uint16
      |  |  +--rw mode?       mode
      |  +--rw key-chain* [key-id]
      |  |  +--rw key-id        string
      |  |  +--rw secret-key?   string
      |  +--rw twamp-client-ctrl-connection* [ctrl-connection-name]
      |     +--rw ctrl-connection-name     string
      |     +--rw client-ip?               inet:ip-address
      |     +--rw server-ip                inet:ip-address
      |     +--rw server-tcp-port?         inet:port-number
      |     +--rw dscp?                    inet:dscp
      |     +--rw key-id?                  string
      |     +--rw max-count?               uint32
      |     +--ro client-tcp-port?         inet:port-number
      |     +--ro server-start-time?       uint64
      |     +--ro ctrl-connection-state?   ctrl-connection-state
      |     +--ro selected-mode?           mode
      |     +--ro token?                   binary
      |     +--ro client-iv?               binary
      |     +--rw twamp-session-request* [test-session-name]
      |        +--rw test-session-name     string
      |        +--rw sender-ip?            inet:ip-address
      |        +--rw sender-udp-port?      inet:port-number
      |        +--rw reflector-ip          inet:ip-address
      |        +--rw reflector-udp-port?   inet:port-number
      |        +--rw timeout?              uint64
      |        +--rw padding-length?       uint32
      |        +--rw dscp?                 inet:dscp
      |        +--rw start-time?           uint64
      |        +--rw repeat?               uint32
      |        +--rw repeat-interval?      uint32
      |        +--rw pm-reg-list* [pm-index]
      |        |  +--rw pm-index    uint16
      |        +--ro test-session-state?   test-session-state
      |        +--ro sid?                  string
      +--rw twamp-server! {server}?
      |  +--rw server-admin-state              boolean
      |  +--rw server-tcp-port?                inet:port-number
      |  +--rw servwait?                       uint32
      |  +--rw dscp?                           inet:dscp
      |  +--rw count?                          uint32
      |  +--rw max-count?                      uint32
      |  +--rw modes?                          mode
      |  +--rw key-chain* [key-id]
      |  |  +--rw key-id        string
      |  |  +--rw secret-key?   string
      |  +--ro twamp-server-ctrl-connection* [client-ip client-tcp-port server-ip server-tcp-port]
      |     +--ro client-ip                       inet:ip-address
      |     +--ro client-tcp-port                 inet:port-number
      |     +--ro server-ip                       inet:ip-address
      |     +--ro server-tcp-port                 inet:port-number
      |     +--ro server-ctrl-connection-state?   server-ctrl-connection-state
      |     +--ro dscp?                           inet:dscp
      |     +--ro selected-mode?                  mode
      |     +--ro key-id?                         string
      |     +--ro count?                          uint32
      |     +--ro max-count?                      uint32
      |     +--ro salt?                           binary
      |     +--ro server-iv?                      binary
      |     +--ro challenge?                      binary
      +--rw twamp-session-sender! {session-sender}?
      |  +--rw session-sender-admin-state    boolean
      |  +--rw twamp-sender-test-session* [test-session-name]
      |     +--rw test-session-name          string
      |     +--ro ctrl-connection-name?      string
      |     +--rw fill-mode?                 fill-mode
      |     +--rw number-of-packets?         uint32
      |     +--rw (packet-distribution)?
      |     |  +--:(periodic)
      |     |  |  +--rw periodic-interval?         uint32
      |     |  |  +--rw periodic-interval-units?   units
      |     |  +--:(poisson)
      |     |     +--rw lambda?                    uint32
      |     |     +--rw lambda-units?              uint32
      |     |     +--rw max-interval?              uint32
      |     |     +--rw truncation-point-units?    units
      |     +--ro sender-session-state?      sender-session-state
      |     +--ro sent-packets?              uint32
      |     +--ro rcv-packets?               uint32
      |     +--ro last-sent-seq?             uint32
      |     +--ro last-rcv-seq?              uint32
      +--rw twamp-session-reflector! {session-reflector}?
         +--rw session-reflector-admin-state    boolean
         +--rw refwait?                         uint32
         +--ro twamp-reflector-test-session* [sender-ip sender-udp-port reflector-ip reflector-udp-port]
            +--ro sid?                                 string
            +--ro sender-ip                            inet:ip-address
            +--ro sender-udp-port                      inet:port-number
            +--ro reflector-ip                         inet:ip-address
            +--ro reflector-udp-port                   inet:port-number
            +--ro parent-connection-client-ip?         inet:ip-address
            +--ro parent-connection-client-tcp-port?   inet:port-number
            +--ro parent-connection-server-ip?         inet:ip-address
            +--ro parent-connection-server-tcp-port?   inet:port-number
            +--ro dscp?                                inet:dscp
            +--ro sent-packets?                        uint32
            +--ro rcv-packets?                         uint32
            +--ro last-sent-seq?                       uint32
            +--ro last-rcv-seq?                        uint32

     ]]></artwork>
        </figure>
      </section>

      <section title="YANG Module">
        <t>This section presents the YANG module for the TWAMP data model
        defined in this document.</t>

        <figure>
          <artwork><![CDATA[
<CODE BEGINS> file "ietf-twamp@2016-03-21.yang"
module ietf-twamp {
  namespace "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-twamp";
   //namespace need to be assigned by IANA
  prefix "ietf-twamp";
  
  import ietf-inet-types {
    prefix inet;
  }
  
  organization "IETF IPPM (IP Performance Metrics) Working Group";
  
  contact "draft-ietf-ippm-twamp-yang@tools.ietf.org";
  
  description "TWAMP Data Model";
  
  revision "2016-03-21" {
    description "01 version. RFC5357, RFC5618, RFC5938 and RFC6038
    is covered. draft-ietf-ippm-metric-registry is also considered";
  
  reference "draft-ietf-ippm-twamp-yang";
  }
  
  feature control-client {
    description "This feature relates to the device functions as 
    the TWAMP Control-Client.";
  }

  feature server {
    description "This feature relates to the device functions as 
    the TWAMP Server.";
  }
  
  feature session-sender {
    description "This feature relates to the device functions as 
    the TWAMP Session-Sender.";
  }
  
  feature session-reflector {
    description "This feature relates to the device functions as 
    the TWAMP Session-Reflector.";
  }
  
  typedef ctrl-connection-state {
    type enumeration {
      enum active {
        description "Control session is active.";
      }
      enum idle {
        description "Control session is idle.";
      }
    }
    description "Control connection state";
  }
  
  typedef mode {
    type bits {
      bit unauthenticated {
        position "0";
        description "Unauthenticated";
      }
      bit authenticated {
        position "1";
        description "Authenticated";
      }
      bit encrypted {
        position "2";
        description "Encrypted";
      }
      bit unauth-test-encrpyt-control {
        position "3";
        description "Mixed Security Mode per RFC 5618. Test 
        protocol security mode in Unauthenticated mode, 
        Control protocol in Encrypted mode.";
      }
      bit individual-session-control {
        position "4";
        description "Individual session control per RFC5938.";
      }
      bit reflect-octets {
        position "5";
        description "Reflect octets capability per RFC6038.";
      }
      bit symmetrical-size {
        position "6";
        description "Symmetrical size per RFC6038.";
      }
    }
    description "Authentication mode bit mask";
  }         
  
  typedef test-session-state {
    type enumeration {
      enum ok {
        value 0;
        description "Test session is accepted.";
      }
      enum failed {
        value 1;
        description "Failure, reason unspecified (catch-all).";
      }
      enum internal-error {
        value 2;
        description "Internal error.";
      }
      enum not-supported {
        value 3;
        description "Some aspect of request is not supported.";
      }
      enum permanent-resource-limit {
        value 4;
        description "Cannot perform request due to
        permanent resource limitations.";
      }
      enum temp-resource-limit {
        value 5;
        description "Cannot perform request due to
        temporary resource limitations.";
      }
    }
    description "Test session state";
  }
  
  typedef server-ctrl-connection-state {
    type enumeration {
      enum "active" {
        description "Active";
      }
      enum "servwait" {
        description "Servwait";
      }
    }
    description "Server control connection state";
  }
  
  typedef fill-mode {
    type enumeration {
      enum zero {
        description "Zero";
      }
      enum random {
        description "Random";
      }
    }
    description "Indicates whether the padding added to the 
    UDP test packets will contain pseudo-random numbers, or 
    whether it should consist of all zeroes.";
  }
  
  typedef units  {
    type enumeration {
      enum seconds {
        description "Seconds";
      }
      enum milliseconds {
        description "Milliseconds";
      }  
      enum microseconds {
        description "Microseconds";
      }
      enum nanoseconds {
        description "Nanoseconds";
      }
    }
    description "Time units";
  }
  
  typedef sender-session-state {
    type enumeration {
      enum setup {
        description "Test session is active.";
      }
      enum failure {
        description "Test session is idle.";
      }
    }
    description "Sender session state.";
  }
  
  typedef dynamic-port-number {
  type inet:port-number {
    range "49152 .. 65535";
  }
  description "Dynamic range for port numbers";
  }
  
  grouping maintenance-statistics {
    description "Maintenance statistics grouping";
    leaf sent-packets {
      type uint32;
      config "false";
      description "Packets sent";
    }
    leaf rcv-packets {
      type uint32;
      config "false";
      description "Packets received";
    }
    leaf last-sent-seq {
      type uint32;
      config "false";
      description "Last sent sequence number";
    }
    leaf last-rcv-seq {
      type uint32;
      config "false";
      description "Last received sequence number";
    }
  }

  container twamp {
    description "Top level container";
    container twamp-client {
      if-feature control-client;
      presence "twamp-client";
      description "Twamp client container";
      leaf client-admin-state {
        type boolean;
        mandatory "true";
        description "Indicates whether this device is allowed to run
        TWAMP to initiate control sessions";
      }
      
      list mode-preference-chain {
        key "priority";
        unique "mode";
        leaf priority {
          type uint16;
          description "priority";
        }
        leaf mode {
          type mode;
          description "Authentication mode bit mask";
        }        
        description "Authentication mode preference";
      }
      
      list key-chain {
        key "key-id";
        leaf key-id {
          type string {
            length "1..80";
          }
          description "Key ID";
        }
        leaf secret-key {
          type string;
          description "Secret key";
        }
        description "Key chain";
      }

      list twamp-client-ctrl-connection {
        key "ctrl-connection-name";
        description "Twamp client control connections";
        leaf ctrl-connection-name {
          type string;
          description "A unique name used as a key to identify this
            individual TWAMP control connection on the
            Control-Client device.";
        }
        leaf client-ip {
          type inet:ip-address;
          description "Client IP address";
        }
        leaf server-ip {
          type inet:ip-address;
          mandatory "true";
          description "Server IP address";
        }
        leaf server-tcp-port {
          type inet:port-number;
          default "862";
          description "Server tcp port";
        }
        leaf dscp{
          type inet:dscp; 
          default "0";
          description "The DSCP value to be placed in the IP header
            of the TWAMP TCP Control packets generated
            by the Control-Client";
        }
        leaf key-id {
          type string {
            length "1..80";
          }
          description "Key ID";
        }
        leaf max-count {
          type uint32 {
            range 1024..4294967295;
          }
          default 32768;
          description "Max count value.";
        }
        leaf client-tcp-port {
          type inet:port-number;
          config "false";
          description "Client TCP port";
        }
        leaf server-start-time {
          type uint64;
          config "false";
          description "The Start-Time advertized by the Server in 
          the Server-Start message";
        }
        leaf ctrl-connection-state {
          type ctrl-connection-state;
          config "false";
          description "Control connection state";
        }        
        leaf selected-mode {
          type mode;
          config "false";
          description "The TWAMP mode that the Control-Client has
          chosen for this control connection as set in the Mode 
          field of the Set-Up-Response message";
        }
        leaf token {
            type binary {
            length "64";
          }
          config "false";
          description "64 octets, containing the concatenation of a 
            16-octet challenge, a 16-octet AES Session-key used
            for encryption, and a 32-octet HMAC-SHA1 Session-key
            used for authentication";
        }
        leaf client-iv{
          type binary {
            length "16";
          }
          config "false";
          description "16 octets, Client-IV is generated randomly 
            by the Control-Client.";
        }
        
        list twamp-session-request {
          key "test-session-name";
          description "Twamp session requests";
          leaf test-session-name {
            type string;
            description "A unique name for this test session to be
            used as a key for this test session on the 
            Control-Client.";
          }
          leaf sender-ip {
            type inet:ip-address;
            description "Sender IP address";
          }
          leaf sender-udp-port {
            type dynamic-port-number;
            description "Sender UDP port";
          }
          leaf reflector-ip {
            type inet:ip-address;
            mandatory "true";
            description "Reflector IP address.";
          }
          leaf reflector-udp-port {
            type dynamic-port-number;
            description "Reflector UDP port. If this value is not 
            set, the device shall use the same port number as 
            defined in the server-tcp-port parameter of this 
            twamp-session-request's 
            parent client-control-connection.";
          }
          leaf timeout {
            type uint64;
            default "2";
            description "The time (in seconds)Session-Reflector MUST
            wait after receiving a Stop-Session message.";
          }
          leaf padding-length {
            type uint32{
              range "64..4096";
            }
            description "The number of bytes of padding that should
                be added to the UDP test packets generated by the
                sender. Jumbo sized packets supported.";
          }
          leaf dscp {
            type inet:dscp; 
            description "The DSCP value to be placed in the UDP 
            header of TWAMP-Test packets generated by the 
            Session-Sender, and in the UDP header of the TWAMP-Test
            response packets generated by the Session-Reflector 
            for this test session.";
          }
          leaf start-time {
            type uint64;
            default "0";
            description "Time when the session is to be started 
            (but not before the Start-Sessions command is issued).
            This value is placed in the Start Time field of the 
            Request-TW-Session message. The default value of 0 
            indicates that the session will be started as soon 
            as the Start-Sessions message is received.";
          }
          leaf repeat {
            type uint32;
            default "0";
            description "Determines if the test session is to be
            run repeatedly. The default value of repeat is 0,
            indicating that once the session has completed, it
            will not be renegotiated and restarted. 1 thru 4,294,967,294
            indicate the number of repetitions, and the max value of 
            4,294,967,295 indicates repeat forever.";
          }
          leaf repeat-interval  {
            when "../repeat!='0'" {
              description "When repeat is not 0, the test is to be
              repeated";
            }
            type uint32;
            description "Repeat interval (in minutes)";
          }
          
          list pm-reg-list {
            key "pm-index";
            leaf pm-index {
              type uint16;
              description "One or more Numerical index values of a 
              Registered Metric in the Performance Metric Registry";
            }
            description "A list of one or more pm-index values, 
            which communicate packet stream characteristics and one
            or more metrics to be measured.";
          }
          leaf test-session-state {
            type test-session-state;
            config "false";
            description "Test session state";
          }
          leaf sid{
            type string;
            config "false";
            description "The SID allocated by the Server for 
            this test session";
          }
        }
      }
    }

    container twamp-server{
      if-feature server;
      presence "twamp-server";
      description "Twamp sever container";
      leaf server-admin-state{
        type boolean;
        mandatory "true";
        description "Indicates whether this device is allowed to run
          TWAMP to respond to control sessions";
      }
      leaf server-tcp-port {
        type inet:port-number;
        default "862";
        description "This parameter defines the well known TCP port
        number that is used by TWAMP.";
      }
      leaf servwait {
        type uint32 {
          range 1..604800;
        }
        default 900;
        description "SERVWAIT (TWAMP Control (TCP) session timeout),
          default value is 900";
      }
      leaf dscp {
        type inet:dscp; 
        description "The DSCP value to be placed in the IP header of
        TCP TWAMP-Control packets generated by the Server";
      }
      leaf count {
        type uint32 {
          range 1024..4294967295;
        }
        description "Parameter used in deriving a key from a 
        shared secret ";
      }
      leaf max-count {
        type uint32 {
          range 1024..4294967295;
        }
        default 32768;
        description "Max count value.";
      }
      leaf modes {
        type mode;
        description "The bit mask of TWAMP Modes this Server 
        instance is willing to support.";
      }

      list key-chain {
        key "key-id";
        leaf key-id {
          type string {
            length "1..80";
          }
          description "Key IDs.";
        }
        leaf secret-key {
          type string;
          description "Secret keys.";
        }
        description "KeyIDs with the respective secret keys.";
      }
  
      list twamp-server-ctrl-connection {
        key "client-ip client-tcp-port server-ip server-tcp-port";
        config "false";
        description "Twamp server control connections";
        leaf client-ip {
          type inet:ip-address;
          description "Client IP address";
        }
        leaf client-tcp-port {
          type inet:port-number;
          description "Client TCP port";
        }
        leaf server-ip {
          type inet:ip-address;
          description "Server IP address";
        }
        leaf server-tcp-port {
          type inet:port-number;
          description "Server TCP port";
        }     
        leaf server-ctrl-connection-state {
          type server-ctrl-connection-state;
          description "Server control connection state";
        }
        leaf dscp {
          type inet:dscp; 
          description "The DSCP value used in the IP header of the
          TCP control packets sent by the Server for this control
          connection. This will usually be the same value as is
          configured for twamp-server:dscp under the twamp-server.
          However, in the event that the user re-configures
          twamp-server:dscp after this control connection is already
          in progress, this read-only value will show the actual 
          dscp value in use by this control connection.";
        }
        leaf selected-mode {
          type mode;
          description "The mode that was chosen for this control
          connection as set in the Mode field of the 
          Set-Up-Response message.";
        }
        leaf key-id {
          type string {
            length "1..80";
          }
          description "The key-id value that is in use by this
		  control connection.";
        }
        leaf count {
          type uint32 {
            range 1024..4294967295;
          }
          description "The count value that is in use by this control
          connection. This will usually be the same value as is
          configured under twamp-server. However, in the event that
          the user re-configured twamp-server:count after this 
          control connection is already in progress, this read-only
          value will show the different count that is in use for 
          this control connection.";
        }
        leaf max-count {
          type uint32 {
            range 1024..4294967295;
          }
          description "The max-count value that is in use by this
          control connection. This will usually be the same value
          as is configured under twamp-server. However, in the
          event that the user re-configured twamp-server:max-count
          after this control connection is already in progress,
          this read-only value will show the different max-count
          that is in use for this control connection.";
        }
        leaf salt{
          type binary {
            length "16";
          }
          description "Salt MUST be generated pseudo-randomly";
        }   
        leaf server-iv {
          type binary {
            length "16";
          }
          description "16 octets, Server-IV is generated randomly
          by the Control-Client.";
        }
        leaf challenge {
          type binary {
            length "16";
          }
          description "Challenge is a random sequence of octets
          generated by the Server";
        }
      }
    }
  
    container twamp-session-sender{
      if-feature session-sender;
      presence "twamp-session-sender";
      description "Twamp session sender container";
      leaf session-sender-admin-state {
        type boolean;
        mandatory "true";
        description "Indicates whether this device is allowed to run 
        TWAMP to initiate test sessions";
      }
      list twamp-sender-test-session{
        key "test-session-name";
        description "Twamp sender test sessions";
        leaf test-session-name {
          type string;
          description "A unique name for this test session to be
          used as a key for this test session by the Session-Sender
          logical entity.";
        }
        leaf ctrl-connection-name {
          type string;
          config "false";
          description "The name of the parent control connection 
          that is responsible for negotiating this test session.";
        }
        leaf fill-mode {
          type fill-mode;
          default zero;
          description "Indicates whether the padding added to the 
          UDP test packets will contain pseudo-random numbers, or
          whether it should consist of all zeroes.";
        }
        leaf number-of-packets {
          type uint32;
          description "The overall number of UDP test packets to be
            transmitted by the sender for this test session.";
        }
        choice packet-distribution {
          description "Packet distributions, poisson or periodic";
          case periodic {
            leaf periodic-interval {
              type uint32;
              description "Periodic interval";
            }
            leaf periodic-interval-units  {
              type units;
              description "Periodic interval units";
            }
          }
          case poisson {
            leaf lambda{
              type uint32;
              description "The average rate of
              packet transmission.";
            }  
            leaf lambda-units{
              type uint32;
              description "Lambda units.";
            }  
            leaf max-interval{
              type uint32;
              description "maximum time between packet 
              transmissions.";
            }
            leaf truncation-point-units{
              type units;
              description "Truncation point units";
            }
          }
        }
        leaf sender-session-state {
          type sender-session-state;
          config "false";
          description "Sender session state.";
        }
        uses maintenance-statistics;
      }
    }
    
    container twamp-session-reflector {
      if-feature session-reflector;
      presence "twamp-session-reflector";
      description "Twamp session reflector container";
      leaf session-reflector-admin-state {
        type boolean;
        mandatory "true";
        description "Indicates whether this device is allowed to run 
        TWAMP to respond to test sessions";
      }
      leaf refwait {
        type uint32 {
          range 1..604800;
        }
        default 900;
        description "REFWAIT (TWAMP test session timeout),
          the default value is 900";
      }
  
      list twamp-reflector-test-session {
        key "sender-ip sender-udp-port reflector-ip 
            reflector-udp-port";
        config "false";
        description "Twamp reflector test sessions"; 
        leaf sid{
          type string;
          description "An auto-allocated identifier for this test
          session, that is unique within the context of this 
          Server/Session-Reflector device only. ";
        }
        leaf sender-ip {
          type inet:ip-address;
          description "Sender IP address.";
        }
        leaf sender-udp-port {
          type dynamic-port-number;
          description "Sender UDP port.";
        }
        leaf reflector-ip {
          type inet:ip-address;
          description "Reflector IP address.";
        }
        leaf reflector-udp-port {
          type dynamic-port-number;
          description "Reflector UDP port.";
        }
        leaf parent-connection-client-ip {
          type inet:ip-address;
          description "Parent connction client IP address.";
        }
        leaf parent-connection-client-tcp-port {
          type inet:port-number;
          description "Parent connection client TCP port.";
        }
        leaf parent-connection-server-ip {
          type inet:ip-address;
          description "Parent connection server IP address.";
        }
        leaf parent-connection-server-tcp-port {
          type inet:port-number;
          description "Parent connection server TCP port";
        }
        leaf dscp {
          type inet:dscp;
          description "The DSCP value present in the IP header of
          TWAMP UDP test packets belonging to this test session.";
        }
        uses maintenance-statistics;
      }
    }
  }
}

<CODE ENDS>
       ]]></artwork>
        </figure>
      </section>
    </section>

    <section anchor="examples" title="Data Model Examples">
      <t>This section presents a simple but complete example of configuring
      all four entities in <xref target="fig:scope"/>, based on the YANG
      module specified in <xref target="module"/>. The example is illustrative
      in nature, but aims to be self-contained, i.e. were it to be executed in
      a real TWAMP implementation it would lead to a correctly configured test
      session. A more elaborated example, which also includes authentication
      parameters, is provided in <xref target="AuthExample"/>.</t>

      <section anchor="ExampleCC" title="Control-Client">
        <t>The following configuration example shows a Control-Client with
        client-admin-state enabled. In a real implementation following <xref
        target="fig:scope2"/> this would permit the initiation of
        TWAMP-Control connections and TWAMP-Test sessions.</t>

        <figure>
          <artwork><![CDATA[
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<config xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netconf:base:1.0">
   <twamp xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-twamp">
      <twamp-client>
         <client-admin-state>true</client-admin-state>
      </twamp-client>
   </twamp>
</config>
]]></artwork>
        </figure>

        <t>The following configuration example shows a Control-Client with two
        instances of twamp-client-ctrl-connection, one called "RouterA" and
        another called "RouterB". Each TWAMP-Control connection is to a
        different Server. The control connection named "RouterA" has two test
        session requests. The TWAMP-Control connection named "RouterB" has no
        TWAMP-Test session requests.</t>

        <figure>
          <artwork><![CDATA[
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<config xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netconf:base:1.0">
   <twamp xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-twamp">
      <twamp-client>
         <client-admin-state>true</client-admin-state>
         <twamp-client-ctrl-connection>
            <ctrl-connection-name>RouterA</ctrl-connection-name>
            <client-ip>203.0.113.1</client-ip>
            <server-ip>203.0.113.2</server-ip>
            <twamp-session-request>
               <test-session-name>Test1</test-session-name>
               <sender-ip>10.1.1.1</sender-ip>
               <sender-udp-port>50000</sender-udp-port>
               <reflector-ip>10.1.1.2</reflector-ip>
               <reflector-udp-port>500001</reflector-udp-port>
               <start-time>0</start-time>
            </twamp-session-request>
            <twamp-session-request>
               <test-session-name>Test2</test-session-name>
               <sender-ip>203.0.113.1</sender-ip>
               <sender-udp-port>4001</sender-udp-port>
               <reflector-ip>203.0.113.2</reflector-ip>
               <reflector-udp-port>50001</reflector-udp-port>
               <start-time>0</start-time>
            </twamp-session-request>
         </twamp-client-ctrl-connection>
         <twamp-client-ctrl-connection>
            <ctrl-connection-name>RouterB</ctrl-connection-name>
            <client-ip>203.0.113.1</client-ip>
            <server-ip>203.0.113.3</server-ip>
         </twamp-client-ctrl-connection>
      </twamp-client>
   </twamp>
</config>
]]></artwork>
        </figure>
      </section>

      <section title="Server">
        <t>This configuration example shows a Server with server-admin-state
        enabled, which permits a device following <xref target="fig:scope2"/>
        to respond to TWAMP-Control connections and TWAMP-Test sessions.</t>

        <figure align="left">
          <preamble/>

          <artwork align="left"><![CDATA[
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<config xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netconf:base:1.0">
   <twamp xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-twamp">
      <twamp-server>
         <server-admin-state>true</server-admin-state>
      </twamp-server>
   </twamp>
</config>
]]></artwork>
        </figure>

        <t>The following example presents a Server with the TWAMP-Control
        connection corresponding to the control connection name
        (ctrl-connection-name) "RouterA" presented in <xref
        target="ExampleCC"/>.</t>

        <figure>
          <artwork><![CDATA[
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<data xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netconf:base:1.0">
   <twamp xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-twamp">
      <twamp-server>
         <server-admin-state>true</server-admin-state>
         <twamp-server-ctrl-connection>
            <client-ip>203.0.113.1</client-ip>
            <client-tcp-port>16341</client-tcp-port>
            <server-ip>203.0.113.2</server-ip>
            <server-tcp-port>862</server-tcp-port>
            <server-ctrl-connection-state>
               active
            </server-ctrl-connection-state>
         </twamp-server-ctrl-connection>
      </twamp-server>
   </twamp>
</data>
]]></artwork>
        </figure>
      </section>

      <section anchor="ExampleSS" title="Session-Sender">
        <t>The following configuration example shows a Session-Sender with the
        two TWAMP-Test sessions presented in <xref target="ExampleCC"/>.</t>

        <figure>
          <artwork><![CDATA[
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<data xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netconf:base:1.0">
 <twamp xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-twamp">
     <twamp-session-sender>
        <session-sender-admin-state>true</session-sender-admin-state>
        <twamp-sender-test-session>
           <test-session-name>Test1</test-session-name>
           <ctrl-connection-name>RouterA</ctrl-connection-name>
           <number-of-packets>900</number-of-packets>
           <periodic-interval>1</periodic-interval>
           <periodic-interval-units>seconds</periodic-interval-units>
           <sender-session-state>setup</sender-session-state>
        </twamp-sender-test-session>
        <twamp-sender-test-session>
           <test-session-name>Test2</test-session-name>
           <ctrl-connection-name>
             RouterA
           </ctrl-connection-name>
           <number-of-packets>900</number-of-packets>
           <lambda>1</lambda>
           <lambda-units>1</lambda-units>
           <max-interval>2</max-interval>
           <truncation-point-units>seconds</truncation-point-units>
           <sender-session-state>setup</sender-session-state>
        </twamp-sender-test-session>
     </twamp-session-sender>
  </twamp>
</data>
]]></artwork>
        </figure>
      </section>

      <section title="Session-Reflector">
        <t>The following example shows the two Session-Reflector TWAMP-Test
        sessions corresponding to the test sessions presented in <xref
        target="ExampleSS"/>.</t>

        <figure>
          <artwork><![CDATA[
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<data xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netconf:base:1.0">
   <twamp xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-twamp">
      <twamp-session-reflector>
          <session-reflector-admin-state>
             true
          </session-reflector-admin-state>
          <twamp-reflector-test-session>
            <sender-ip>10.1.1.1</sender-ip>
            <sender-udp-port>4000</sender-udp-port>
            <reflector-ip>10.1.1.2</reflector-ip>
            <reflector-udp-port>50001</reflector-udp-port>
            <sid>1232</sid>
            <parent-connection-client-ip>
               203.0.113.1
            </parent-connection-client-ip>
            <parent-connection-client-tcp-port>
               16341
            </parent-connection-client-tcp-port>
            <parent-connection-server-ip>
               203.0.113.2
            </parent-connection-server-ip>
            <parent-connection-server-tcp-port>
               862
             </parent-connection-server-tcp-port>
            <sent-packets>2</sent-packets>
            <rcv-packets>2</rcv-packets>
            <last-sent-seq>1</last-sent-seq>
            <last-rcv-seq>1</last-rcv-seq>
         </twamp-reflector-test-session>
         <twamp-reflector-test-session>
            <sender-ip>203.0.113.1</sender-ip>
            <sender-udp-port>50000</sender-udp-port>
            <reflector-ip>192.68.0.2</reflector-ip>
            <reflector-udp-port>50001</reflector-udp-port>
            <sid>178943</sid>
            <parent-connection-client-ip>
               203.0.113.1
            </parent-connection-client-ip>
            <parent-connection-client-tcp-port>
               16341
             </parent-connection-client-tcp-port>
            <parent-connection-server-ip>
               203.0.113.2
            </parent-connection-server-ip>
            <parent-connection-server-tcp-port>
              862
            </parent-connection-server-tcp-port>
            <sent-packets>21</sent-packets>
            <rcv-packets>21</rcv-packets>
            <last-sent-seq>20</last-sent-seq>
            <last-rcv-seq>20</last-rcv-seq>
         </twamp-reflector-test-session>
      </twamp-session-reflector>
   </twamp>
</data>
]]></artwork>
        </figure>
      </section>
    </section>

    <section anchor="security" title="Security Considerations">
      <t>TBD</t>
    </section>

    <section anchor="iana" title="IANA Considerations">
      <t>This document registers a URI in the IETF XML registry <xref
      target="RFC3688"/>. Following the format in <xref target="RFC3688"/>,
      the following registration is requested to be made.</t>

      <t>URI: urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-twamp</t>

      <t>Registrant Contact: The IPPM WG of the IETF.</t>

      <t>XML: N/A, the requested URI is an XML namespace.</t>

      <t>This document registers a YANG module in the YANG Module Names
      registry <xref target="RFC6020"/>.</t>

      <t>name: ietf-twamp</t>

      <t>namespace: urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-twamp</t>

      <t>prefix: twamp</t>

      <t>reference: RFC XXXX</t>
    </section>

    <section anchor="acks" title="Acknowledgements">
      <t>We thank Gregory Mirsky, Kevin D'Souza, and Robert Sherman for their
      thorough and constructive reviews, comments and text suggestions.</t>

      <t>Haoxing Shen contributed to the definition of the YANG module in
      <xref target="module"/>.</t>

      <t>Ladislav Lhokta did thorough review of the YANG module and the
      examples.</t>

      <t>Kostas Pentikousis is partially supported by FP7 UNIFY
      (http://fp7-unify.eu), a research project partially funded by the
      European Community under the Seventh Framework Program (grant agreement
      no. 619609). The views expressed here are those of the authors only. The
      European Commission is not liable for any use that may be made of the
      information in this document.</t>
    </section>
  </middle>

  <back>
    <references title="Normative References">
      <?rfc include='reference.RFC.2119'?>

      <?rfc include='reference.RFC.3432'?>

      <?rfc include='reference.RFC.3688'?>

      <?rfc include='reference.RFC.4656'?>

      <?rfc include='reference.RFC.5357'?>

      <?rfc include='reference.RFC.6020'?>

      <?rfc include='reference.RFC.6038'?>
    </references>

    <references title="Informative References">
      <!--<?rfc include="reference.RFC.7398"?>-->

      <?rfc include='reference.RFC.2898'?>

      <?rfc include='reference.RFC.4086'?>

      <?rfc include='reference.RFC.5618'?>

      <?rfc include='reference.RFC.5938'?>

      <?rfc ?>

      <?rfc include='reference.RFC.6241'?>

      <?rfc include='reference.RFC.7426'?>

      <?rfc include='reference.I-D.ietf-netconf-restconf'?>

      <?rfc include='reference.I-D.ietf-ippm-metric-registry'?>

      <?rfc include='reference.I-D.unify-nfvrg-challenges'?>

      <?rfc include='reference.I-D.unify-nfvrg-devops'?>

      <reference anchor="NSC">
        <front>
          <title>Research directions in network service chaining</title>

          <author>
            <organization>John, W., Pentikousis, K., et al.</organization>
          </author>

          <date month="November" year="2013"/>
        </front>

        <seriesInfo name="Proc. SDN for Future Networks and Services (SDN4FNS), Trento, Italy"
                    value="IEEE"/>
      </reference>
    </references>

    <section anchor="AuthExample" title="Detailed Data Model Examples">
      <t>This appendix extends the example presented in <xref
      target="examples"/> by configuring more fields such as authentication
      parameters, dscp values and so on.</t>

      <section title="Control-Client">
        <figure>
          <artwork><![CDATA[
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<data xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netconf:base:1.0">
   <twamp xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-twamp">
      <twamp-client>
         <client-admin-state>true</client-admin-state>
         <mode-preference-chain>
            <priority>0</priority>
            <mode>authenticated</mode>
         </mode-preference-chain>
         <mode-preference-chain>
            <priority>1</priority>
            <mode>unauthenticated</mode>
         </mode-preference-chain>
         <key-chain>
            <key-id>KeyClient1ToRouterA</key-id>
            <secret-key>secret1</secret-key>
         </key-chain>
         <key-chain>
            <key-id>KeyForRouterB</key-id>
            <secret-key>secret2</secret-key>
         </key-chain>
         <twamp-client-ctrl-connection>
            <ctrl-connection-name>RouterA</ctrl-connection-name>
            <client-ip>203.0.113.1</client-ip>
            <server-ip>203.0.113.2</server-ip>
            <dscp>32</dscp>
            <key-id>KeyClient1ToRouterA</key-id>
            <twamp-session-request>
               <test-session-name>Test1</test-session-name>
               <sender-ip>10.1.1.1</sender-ip>
               <sender-udp-port>4000</sender-udp-port>
               <reflector-ip>10.1.1.2</reflector-ip>
               <reflector-udp-port>5000</reflector-udp-port>
               <padding-length>64</padding-length>
               <start-time>0</start-time>
               <test-session-state>ok</test-session-state>
               <sid>1232</sid>
            </twamp-session-request>
            <twamp-session-request>
               <test-session-name>Test2</test-session-name>
               <sender-ip>203.0.113.1</sender-ip>
               <sender-udp-port>4001</sender-udp-port>
               <reflector-ip>203.0.113.2</reflector-ip>
               <reflector-udp-port>5001</reflector-udp-port>
               <padding-length>128</padding-length>
               <start-time>0</start-time>
               <test-session-state>ok</test-session-state>
               <sid>178943</sid>
            </twamp-session-request>
         </twamp-client-ctrl-connection>
      </twamp-client>
   </twamp>
</data>
]]></artwork>
        </figure>
      </section>

      <section title="Server">
        <figure>
          <artwork><![CDATA[
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<data xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netconf:base:1.0">
   <twamp xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-twamp">
      <twamp-server>
         <server-admin-state>true</server-admin-state>
         <servwait>1800</servwait>
         <dscp>32</dscp>
         <modes>authenticated unauthenticated</modes>
         <count>1024</count>
         <key-chain>
            <key-id>KeyClient1ToRouterA</key-id>
            <secret-key>secret1</secret-key>
         </key-chain>
         <key-chain>
            <key-id>KeyClient10ToRouterA</key-id>
            <secret-key>secret10</secret-key>
         </key-chain>
         <twamp-server-ctrl-connection>
            <client-ip>203.0.113.1</client-ip>
            <client-tcp-port>16341</client-tcp-port>
            <server-ip>203.0.113.2</server-ip>
            <server-tcp-port>862</server-tcp-port>
            <server-ctrl-connection-state>
               active
             </server-ctrl-connection-state>
            <dscp>32</dscp>
            <selected-mode>unauthenticated</selected-mode>
            <key-id>KeyClient1ToRouterA</key-id>
            <count>1024</count>
         </twamp-server-ctrl-connection>
      </twamp-server>
   </twamp>
</data>
]]></artwork>
        </figure>
      </section>

      <section title="Session-Sender">
        <figure>
          <artwork><![CDATA[
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<data xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netconf:base:1.0">
  <twamp xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-twamp">
     <twamp-session-sender>
        <session-sender-admin-state>true</session-sender-admin-state>
        <twamp-sender-test-session>
           <test-session-name>Test1</test-session-name>
           <ctrl-connection-name>RouterA</ctrl-connection-name>
           <fill-mode>zero</fill-mode>
           <number-of-packets>900</number-of-packets>
           <periodic-interval>1</periodic-interval>
           <periodic-interval-units>seconds</periodic-interval-units>
           <sender-session-state>setup</sender-session-state>
           <sent-packets>2</sent-packets>
           <rcv-packets>2</rcv-packets>
           <last-sent-seq>1</last-sent-seq>
           <last-rcv-seq>1</last-rcv-seq>
        </twamp-sender-test-session>
        <twamp-sender-test-session>
           <test-session-name>Test2</test-session-name>
           <ctrl-connection-name>
             RouterA
           </ctrl-connection-name>
           <fill-mode>random</fill-mode>
           <number-of-packets>900</number-of-packets>
           <lambda>1</lambda>
           <lambda-units>1</lambda-units>
           <max-interval>2</max-interval>
           <truncation-point-units>seconds</truncation-point-units>
           <sender-session-state>setup</sender-session-state>
           <sent-packets>21</sent-packets>
           <rcv-packets>21</rcv-packets>
           <last-sent-seq>20</last-sent-seq>
           <last-rcv-seq>20</last-rcv-seq>
        </twamp-sender-test-session>
     </twamp-session-sender>
  </twamp>
</data>
]]></artwork>
        </figure>
      </section>

      <section title="Session-Reflector">
        <figure>
          <artwork><![CDATA[
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<data xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netconf:base:1.0">
   <twamp xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-twamp">
      <twamp-session-reflector>
         <session-reflector-admin-state>
            true
         </session-reflector-admin-state>
         <twamp-reflector-test-session>
            <sender-ip>10.1.1.1</sender-ip>
            <sender-udp-port>4000</sender-udp-port>
            <reflector-ip>10.1.1.2</reflector-ip>
            <reflector-udp-port>5000</reflector-udp-port>
            <sid>1232</sid>
            <parent-connection-client-ip>
               203.0.113.1
            </parent-connection-client-ip>
            <parent-connection-client-tcp-port>
               16341
            </parent-connection-client-tcp-port>
            <parent-connection-server-ip>
               203.0.113.2
            </parent-connection-server-ip>
            <parent-connection-server-tcp-port>
               862
            </parent-connection-server-tcp-port>
            <dscp>32</dscp>
            <sent-packets>2</sent-packets>
            <rcv-packets>2</rcv-packets>
            <last-sent-seq>1</last-sent-seq>
            <last-rcv-seq>1</last-rcv-seq>
         </twamp-reflector-test-session>
         <twamp-reflector-test-session>
            <sender-ip>203.0.113.1</sender-ip>
            <sender-udp-port>4001</sender-udp-port>
            <reflector-ip>192.68.0.2</reflector-ip>
            <reflector-udp-port>5001</reflector-udp-port>
            <sid>178943</sid>
            <parent-connection-client-ip>
               203.0.113.1
            </parent-connection-client-ip>
            <parent-connection-client-tcp-port>
               16341
            </parent-connection-client-tcp-port>
            <parent-connection-server-ip>
               203.0.113.2
            </parent-connection-server-ip>
            <parent-connection-server-tcp-port>
               862
            </parent-connection-server-tcp-port>
            <dscp>32</dscp>
            <sent-packets>21</sent-packets>
            <rcv-packets>21</rcv-packets>
            <last-sent-seq>20</last-sent-seq>
            <last-rcv-seq>20</last-rcv-seq>
         </twamp-reflector-test-session>
      </twamp-session-reflector>
   </twamp>
</data>
]]></artwork>
        </figure>
      </section>
    </section>

    <section anchor="OperationalCommands" title="TWAMP Operational Commands">
      <t>This document is targeted at configuration details for TWAMP.
      Operational actions such as how TWAMP sessions are started/stopped, how
      results are retrieved, or stored results are cleared, and so on, are not
      addressed by this configuration model and are out of scope of this
      document.</t>

      <t>TWAMP operational commands could be performed programmatically or
      manually, e.g. using a command-line interface (CLI). With respect to
      programmability, YANG can be used to define NETCONF Remote Procedure
      Calls (RPC), therefore it would be possible to define RPC operations for
      actions such as starting or stopping control or test sessions or groups
      of sessions; retrieving results; clearing stored results, and so on.</t>

      <t>However, <xref target="RFC5357"/> does not attempt to describe such
      operational actions, and it is likely that different TWAMP
      implementations could support different sets of operational commands,
      with different restrictions. Therefore, this document considers it the
      responsibility of the individual implementation to define its
      corresponding TWAMP operational commands data model.</t>
    </section>
  </back>
</rfc>

PAFTECH AB 2003-20262026-04-23 20:48:59