One document matched: draft-ietf-dccp-tfrc-faster-restart-03.ps

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/F0 10/Courier-Bold@0 SF(Internet Engineering Task Force)72 85 Q
(E. Kohler)192 E 318(INTERNET-DRAFT UCLA)72 98 R
(Intended status: Proposed Standard)72 111 Q(S. Floyd)180 E
(Expires: January 2008)72 124 Q(ICIR)282 E(A. Sathiaseelan)414 137 Q
(University of Aberdeen)372 150 Q 6(8J)438 163 S(uly 2007)-6 E/F1 14
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(This Internet-Draft will e)93.6 436.6 Q(xpire on January 2008.)-.165 E
F2(Copyright Notice)72 462.6 Q F3(Cop)93.6 479.2 Q
(yright \(C\) The IETF T)-.11 E(rust \(2007\).)-.385 E F2(Abstract)72
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(1. Introduction)93.6 110 Q F0 -2.25(..................................\
.......................................................................\
............... ....)4.46 F F2(3)A(2. Con)93.6 122 Q -.15(ve)-.4 G
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.......................................................................\
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.............................. ....)3.77 F F2(6)A
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................................................................... ...\
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194 Q F0 -2.25
(........................................................ ....)3.22 F F2
(8)A(4.2. DCCP: Recei)108.6 206 Q .3 -.15(ve R)-.25 H(ate Adjustment).15
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........................................................... ..)2.98 F F2
(10)A(5. F)93.6 230 Q(aster Restart Discussion)-.15 E F0 -1.75(........\
.......................................................................\
...................... ..)4.64 F F2(10)A(6. Simulations of F)93.6 242 Q
(aster Restart)-.15 E F0 -1.75(........................................\
........................................................ ..)3.66 F F2
(11)A(7. Implementation Issues)93.6 254 Q F0 -1.75(....................\
.......................................................................\
.............. ..)4.88 F F2(12)A(8. Security Considerations)93.6 266 Q
F0 -1.75(..............................................................\
......................................... ..)4.82 F F2(12)A(9. IAN)93.6
278 Q 2.5(AC)-.35 G(onsiderations)-2.5 E F0 -1.75(.....................\
.......................................................................\
............... ..)2.51 F F2(12)A(10. Thanks)93.6 290 Q F0 -1.75(......\
.......................................................................\
................................................. ..)2.96 F F2(12)A
(Normati)93.6 302 Q .3 -.15(ve R)-.25 H(eferences).15 E F0 -1.75(......\
.......................................................................\
................................ ..)4.86 F F2(12)A(Informati)93.6 314 Q
.3 -.15(ve R)-.25 H(eferences).15 E F0 -1.75(..........................\
.......................................................................\
........... ..)3.17 F F2(12)A(A. Appendix: Simulations)93.6 326 Q F0
-1.75(.................................................................\
....................................... ..)3.17 F F2(13)A
(Authors' Addresses)93.6 338 Q F0 -1.75(...............................\
.......................................................................\
........... ..)4 F F2(14)A(Full Cop)93.6 350 Q(yright Statement)-.1 E F0
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(Intellectual Property)93.6 362 Q F0 -1.75(............................\
.......................................................................\
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420.8 Q(ving feedback about the condition of the current netw)-.275 E
(ork path, and)-.11 E
(thus should not be able to send at an arbitrary rate.)93.6 433.8 Q 2.75
(As)5.5 G(lo)-2.75 E(wly-sending application stops)-.275 E(recei)93.6
446.8 Q(ving feedback about whether current netw)-.275 E
(ork conditions w)-.11 E(ould support higher rates.)-.11 E(Ho)93.6 459.8
Q(we)-.275 E -.165(ve)-.275 G .88 -.44(r, t).165 H(his beha).44 E
(vior can damage the percei)-.22 E -.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75(dp).165 G
(erformance of interacti)-2.75 E .33 -.165(ve a)-.275 H(pplications).165
E(such as v)93.6 472.8 Q 2.75(oice. Connections)-.22 F(for interacti)
2.75 E .33 -.165(ve t)-.275 H(elephon).165 E 2.75(ya)-.165 G
(nd conference applications, for)-2.75 E -.165(ex)93.6 485.8 S
(ample, will usually ha).165 E .33 -.165(ve o)-.22 H(ne party acti).165
E .33 -.165(ve a)-.275 H 2.75(tat).165 G
(ime, with seamless switching between)-2.75 E(acti)93.6 498.8 Q .33
-.165(ve p)-.275 H 2.75(arties. A).165 F(slo)2.75 E 2.75(ws)-.275 G
(tart on e)-2.75 E -.165(ve)-.275 G
(ry switch between parties may seriously de).165 E(grade percei)-.165 E
-.165(ve)-.275 G(d).165 E 2.75(performance. Some)93.6 511.8 R
(of the strate)2.75 E
(gies suggested for coping with this problem, such as)-.165 E
(sending padding data during application idle periods, might ha)93.6
524.8 Q .33 -.165(ve w)-.22 H(orse ef).055 E(fects on the)-.275 E(netw)
93.6 537.8 Q
(ork than simply switching onto the desired rate with no slo)-.11 E 2.75
(ws)-.275 G(tart.)-2.75 E(There is some justi\214cation for some)93.6
554.4 Q(what accelerating the slo)-.275 E 2.75(ws)-.275 G
(tart process after idle or slo)-2.75 E(w)-.275 E
(periods, as opposed to at the be)93.6 567.4 Q(ginning of a connection.)
-.165 E 2.75<418d>5.5 G .55 -.275(ow t)-2.75 H(hat f).275 E(airly achie)
-.11 E -.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75(sa).165 G(sending rate of X has pro)93.6
580.4 Q -.165(ve)-.165 G
(d, at least, that some path between the endpoints can support that).165
E 2.75(rate. The)93.6 593.4 R(path might change, due to endpoint reset \
or routing adjustments; or man)2.75 E 2.75(yn)-.165 G -.275(ew)-2.75 G
(connections might start up, signi\214cantly reducing the application')
93.6 606.4 Q 2.75(sf)-.605 G(air rate.)-2.86 E(Ho)5.5 E(we)-.275 E -.165
(ve)-.275 G .88 -.44(r, i).165 H(t).44 E(seems reasonable to allo)93.6
619.4 Q 2.75(wa)-.275 G 2.75(na)-2.75 G(pplication to possibly contrib)
-2.75 E(ute to limited transient)-.22 E
(congestion in times of change, in return for impro)93.6 632.4 Q
(ving application responsi)-.165 E -.165(ve)-.275 G(ness.).165 E
(This document suggests a relati)93.6 649 Q -.165(ve)-.275 G
(ly simple approach to this problem.).165 E -.165(Fo)5.5 G(llo).165 E
(wing [RFC3390],)-.275 E(some protocols using TFRC [RFC4342] [RFC3448bi\
s] already specify that the allo)93.6 662 Q(wed)-.275 E
(sending rate is ne)93.6 675 Q -.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75(rr).165 G
(educed belo)-2.75 E 2.75(wt)-.275 G(he TCP initial sending rate of tw)
-2.75 E 2.75(oo)-.11 G 2.75(rf)-2.75 G(our pack)-2.75 E(ets per)-.11 E
-.66(RT)93.6 688 S 1.628 -.814(T, d).66 H(epending on pack).814 E(et si\
ze, as the result of a nofeedback timer after an idle or as a result)
-.11 E -.385(Ko)72 733 S(hler).385 E 2.75(,e)-.44 G 2.75(ta)-2.75 G
335.849(l. [P)-2.75 F(age 4])-.165 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 11/Times-Roman@0 SF(INTERNET)72 49 Q 71.587(-DRAFT Expires:)-1.012 F
(January 2008)2.75 E(July 2007)123.726 E(of recei)93.6 85 Q .33 -.165
(ve r)-.275 H(ate report during a slo).165 E 2.75(wp)-.275 G 2.75
(eriod. F)-2.75 F(aster Restart doubles the allo)-.165 E
(wed sending rate)-.275 E(after idle periods.)93.6 98 Q
(Thus, the sending rate after an idle period is not reduced belo)5.5 E
2.75(war)-.275 G(ate Y)-2.75 E(between four and eight pack)93.6 111 Q
(ets per R)-.11 E(TT)-.66 E 2.75(,d)-.814 G(epending on the pack)-2.75 E
(et size.)-.11 E(The rate Y is)5.5 E
(restricted to at most 8760 bytes per R)93.6 124 Q(TT)-.66 E(.)-.814 E
(In addition, because \215o)93.6 150 Q(ws already ha)-.275 E .33 -.165
(ve s)-.22 H(ome \(possibly old\) information about the path,).165 E
-.165(Fa)93.6 163 S(ster Restart allo).165 E(ws \215o)-.275 E
(ws to quadruple their sending rate in e)-.275 E -.165(ve)-.275 G
(ry congestion-free R).165 E(TT)-.66 E(,)-.814 E
(instead of doubling, up to)93.6 176 Q -.11(wa)-.275 G(rds the pre).11 E
(viously achie)-.275 E -.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75(dr).165 G 2.75(ate. An)
-2.75 F 2.75(yc)-.165 G(ongestion e)-2.75 E -.165(ve)-.275 G(nt stops)
.165 E(this f)93.6 189 Q
(aster restart and switches TFRC into congestion a)-.11 E -.22(vo)-.22 G
(idance.).22 E
(The congestion control mechanisms here are intended to apply to an)93.6
205.6 Q 2.75(yi)-.165 G(mplementations of)-2.75 E
(TFRC, including that in DCCP')93.6 218.6 Q 2.75(sC)-.605 G
(CID 3 and CCID 4 [RFC4342], [CCID4].)-2.75 E(While we also)5.5 E(belie)
93.6 231.6 Q .33 -.165(ve t)-.275 H
(hat TCP could safely use a similar F).165 E
(aster Restart mechanism, we do not specify it)-.165 E 2.75(here. Our)
93.6 244.6 R(assumption is that \215o)2.75 E(ws that are sensiti)-.275 E
.33 -.165(ve t)-.275 H 2.75(or).165 G
(estrictions to the sending rate after)-2.75 E
(idle or data-limited periods are more lik)93.6 257.6 Q
(ely to use TFRC that to use TCP or TCP-lik)-.11 E(e)-.11 E
(congestion control.)93.6 270.6 Q/F1 11/Times-Bold@0 SF(2.)72 296.6 Q/F2
14/Times-Bold@0 SF(Con)5.5 E -.14(ve)-.56 G(ntions).14 E F0(The k)93.6
313.2 Q .33 -.165(ey w)-.11 H(ords "MUST", "MUST NO).055 E(T", "REQ)-.44
E(UIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NO)-.11 E(T",)-.44 E("SHOULD", "SHOULD NO)93.6
326.2 Q(T", "RECOMMENDED", "MA)-.44 E(Y", and "OPTION)-1.155 E
(AL" in this)-.385 E
(document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].)93.6 339.2 Q
(The F)93.6 355.8 Q(aster Restart mechanism refers to se)-.165 E -.165
(ve)-.275 G(ral e).165 E(xisting TFRC state v)-.165 E
(ariables, including the)-.275 E(follo)93.6 368.8 Q(wing:)-.275 E 8.455
(R: The)93.6 385.4 R -.66(RT)2.75 G 2.75(Te).66 G(stimate.)-2.75 E 7.85
(X: The)93.6 402 R(current allo)2.75 E
(wed sending rate in bytes per second.)-.275 E 10.292(p: The)93.6 418.6
R(recent loss e)2.75 E -.165(ve)-.275 G(nt rate.).165 E(X_recv:)93.6
435.2 Q(The rate at which the recei)115.2 448.2 Q -.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75
(re).165 G(stimates that data w)-2.75 E(as recei)-.11 E -.165(ve)-.275 G
2.75(ds).165 G(ince the last feedback)-2.75 E(report w)115.2 461.2 Q
(as sent.)-.11 E 11.513(s: The)93.6 477.8 R(pack)2.75 E
(et size in bytes.)-.11 E -.165(Fa)93.6 494.4 S
(ster Restart also introduces ne).165 E 2.75(ws)-.275 G(tate v)-2.75 E
(ariables to TFRC, as follo)-.275 E(ws.)-.275 E(X_acti)93.6 511 Q -.165
(ve)-.275 G(_recv:).165 E(The recei)115.2 524 Q -.165(ve)-.275 G(r').165
E 2.75(se)-.605 G(stimated recei)-2.75 E .33 -.165(ve r)-.275 H
(ate reported during a recent acti).165 E .33 -.165(ve s)-.275 H
(ending period.).165 E(An)5.5 E(acti)115.2 537 Q .33 -.165(ve s)-.275 H
(ending period is a period in which the sender w).165 E
(as neither idle nor in f)-.11 E(aster)-.11 E 2.75(restart. X_acti)115.2
550 R -.165(ve)-.275 G
(_recv is initialized to 0 until there has been an acti).165 E .33 -.165
(ve s)-.275 H(ending period.).165 E(T_acti)93.6 566.6 Q -.165(ve)-.275 G
(_recv:).165 E(The time at which X_acti)115.2 579.6 Q -.165(ve)-.275 G
(_recv w).165 E(as measured.)-.11 E(T_acti)5.5 E -.165(ve)-.275 G
(_recv is initialized to the).165 E(connection')115.2 592.6 Q 2.75(ss)
-.605 G(tart time.)-2.75 E(reco)93.6 609.2 Q -.165(ve)-.165 G(r_rate:)
.165 E(The minimum restart rate allo)115.2 622.2 Q(wed by F)-.275 E
(aster Restart after an idle periods.)-.165 E(Note that)5.5 E -.165(Fa)
115.2 635.2 S(ster Restart \215o).165 E(ws can drop belo)-.275 E 2.75
(wt)-.275 G(his rate as the result of actual loss feedback.)-2.75 E
(Reco)115.2 648.2 Q -.165(ve)-.165 G(r_rate is de\214ned as follo).165 E
(ws:)-.275 E/F3 11/Courier@0 SF
(recover_rate = min\(8*s, max\(4*s, 8760 bytes\)\)/R.)115.2 667.2 Q F0
-.385(Ko)72 733 S(hler).385 E 2.75(,e)-.44 G 2.75(ta)-2.75 G 335.849
(l. [P)-2.75 F(age 5])-.165 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 11/Times-Roman@0 SF(INTERNET)72 49 Q 71.587(-DRAFT Expires:)-1.012 F
(January 2008)2.75 E(July 2007)123.726 E(Other v)93.6 85 Q(ariables ha)
-.275 E .33 -.165(ve v)-.22 H
(alues as described in [RFC3448] and [RFC3448bis].)-.11 E/F1 11
/Times-Bold@0 SF(3.)72 111 Q/F2 14/Times-Bold@0 SF -.35(Fa)5.5 G
(ster Restart: Changes to TFRC).35 E F1(3.1.)72 137 Q/F3 13/Times-Bold@0
SF(Minimum Sending Rate)5.5 E F0(TFRC allo)93.6 153.6 Q(ws a TFRC endpo\
int to go completely silent when the sending application runs)-.275 E
(out of data to send.)93.6 166.6 Q(When F)5.5 E
(aster Restart is used, ho)-.165 E(we)-.275 E -.165(ve)-.275 G .88 -.44
(r, t).165 H(he transport layer MUST send a).44 E
(minimum of X_ping/s pack)93.6 179.6 Q
(ets per second, where X_ping is de\214ned as)-.11 E
(X_ping = min\(X, s/4R\).)104.6 192.6 Q
(That is, the transport layer will send at least one pack)93.6 205.6 Q
(et per four round-trip times, as allo)-.11 E(wed)-.275 E
(by the current allo)93.6 218.6 Q(wed sending rate X.)-.275 E
(These pack)5.5 E(ets gi)-.11 E .33 -.165(ve t)-.275 H
(he endpoint a continuing stream).165 E(of R)93.6 231.6 Q
(TT samples and information about netw)-.66 E(ork congestion.)-.11 E
(Extra pack)5.5 E(ets generated by the)-.11 E
(transport layer to maintain a minimum sending rate SHOULD NO)93.6 244.6
Q 2.75(Tb)-.44 G 2.75(er)-2.75 G(eported to the)-2.75 E(recei)93.6 257.6
Q(ving application.)-.275 E(Ho)5.5 E(we)-.275 E -.165(ve)-.275 G .88
-.44(r, l).165 H(osses of these pack).44 E
(ets MUST be used to update the)-.11 E(allo)93.6 270.6 Q
(wed sending rate.)-.275 E F1(3.2.)72 296.6 Q F3 -.325(Fe)5.5 G
(edback P).325 E(ack)-.13 E(ets)-.13 E F0(The F)93.6 313.2 Q
(aster Restart algorithm replaces the line)-.165 E
(recv_limit = 2 * max \(X_recv_set\);)129.6 332.2 Q
(in step \(4\) of Section 4.3, "Sender Beha)93.6 364.2 Q
(vior When a Feedback P)-.22 E(ack)-.165 E(et is Recei)-.11 E -.165(ve)
-.275 G(d", of).165 E 2.75([RFC3448bis]. This)93.6 377.2 R(line speci\
\214es the limitation on the sending rate from the recent recei)2.75 E
-.165(ve)-.275 G(rate, and in [RFC3448bis] allo)93.6 390.2 Q
(ws the sender to slo)-.275 E(w-start back up after an idle or data-)
-.275 E
(limited period, doubling its sending rate after each round-trip time.)
93.6 403.2 Q(This document replaces the line abo)93.6 419.8 Q -.165(ve)
-.165 G 2.75(,s).165 G 2.75(ot)-2.75 G(hat during reco)-2.75 E -.165(ve)
-.165 G(ry from an idle period, the).165 E(TFRC sender can quadruple it\
s sending rate, instead of just doubling it, up to)93.6 432.8 Q -.11(wa)
-.275 G(rds its old).11 E(sending rate before the idle period.)93.6
445.8 Q(This modi\214cation uses three ne)5.5 E 2.75(wv)-.275 G
(ariables,)-3.025 E(X_acti)93.6 458.8 Q -.165(ve)-.275 G
(_recv specifying the maximum recei).165 E .33 -.165(ve r)-.275 H
(ate achie).165 E -.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75(db).165 G
(efore the idle period,)-2.75 E(T_acti)93.6 471.8 Q -.165(ve)-.275 G
(_recv specifying the time of the last update of X_acti).165 E -.165(ve)
-.275 G(_recv).165 E 2.75(,a)-.715 G(nd X_f)-2.75 E(ast_max)-.11 E(spec\
ifying the adjusted rate at which the sender should stop quadrupling it\
s sending rate, and)93.6 484.8 Q
(return to at most doubling its sending rate.)93.6 497.8 Q
(The procedure `Update X_acti)93.6 514.4 Q -.165(ve)-.275 G
(_recv and X_f).165 E(ast_max" belo)-.11 E 2.75(wi)-.275 G
(ncreases the tw)-2.75 E 2.75(ov)-.11 G(ariables in)-3.025 E
(response to increases in the reported recei)93.6 527.4 Q .33 -.165
(ve r)-.275 H(ate, and reduces them follo).165 E(wing a lost or)-.275 E
(mark)93.6 540.4 Q(ed pack)-.11 E(et.)-.11 E/F4 11/Courier@0 SF
(Update X_active_recv and X_fast_max:)93.6 559.4 Q
(If \(the feedback packet does not indicate a loss or mark,)120 572.4 Q
(and X_recv >= X_fast_max\))159.6 585.4 Q
(X_active_recv := X_fast_max := X_recv,)146.4 598.4 Q
(T_active_recv := current time.)146.4 611.4 Q
(Else if \(the feedbacak packet DOES indicate a loss or mark,)120 624.4
Q(and X_recv < X_fast_max\))159.6 637.4 Q
(X_active_recv := X_fast_max := X_recv/2,)146.4 650.4 Q
(T_active_recv := current time.)146.4 663.4 Q F0(The parameter X_acti)
93.6 691.5 Q -.165(ve)-.275 G(_recv gi).165 E -.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75(sa)
.165 G 2.75(nu)-2.75 G(pper bound on the rate achie)-2.75 E -.275(va)
-.275 G(ble through F).275 E(aster)-.165 E -.385(Ko)72 733 S(hler).385 E
2.75(,e)-.44 G 2.75(ta)-2.75 G 335.849(l. [P)-2.75 F(age 6])-.165 E 0 Cg
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/F0 11/Times-Roman@0 SF(INTERNET)72 49 Q 71.587(-DRAFT Expires:)-1.012 F
(January 2008)2.75 E(July 2007)123.726 E
(Restart, and is only modi\214ed by the `Update X_acti)93.6 85 Q -.165
(ve)-.275 G(_rate and X_f).165 E(ast_max' procedure.)-.11 E
(This modi\214cation is based on the contents of the feedback pack)93.6
98 Q(et and the v)-.11 E(alue of)-.275 E(X_f)93.6 111 Q 2.75
(ast_max. X_acti)-.11 F -.165(ve)-.275 G
(_recv is updated as the connection achie).165 E -.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75
(sh).165 G(igher congestion-free)-2.75 E(transmit rates.)93.6 124 Q
(X_acti)5.5 E -.165(ve)-.275 G
(_recv is reduced on congestion feedback, to pre).165 E -.165(ve)-.275 G
(nt an inappropriate).165 E -.165(Fa)93.6 137 S(ster Restart until a ne)
.165 E 2.75(ws)-.275 G(table acti)-2.75 E .33 -.165(ve r)-.275 H
(ate is achie).165 E -.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75(d. Speci\214cally).165 F 2.75
(,o)-.715 G 2.75(nc)-2.75 G(ongestion feedback)-2.75 E(at lo)93.6 150 Q
2.75(wr)-.275 G(ates, the sender reduces X_acti)-2.75 E -.165(ve)-.275 G
(_recv to X_recv/2, allo).165 E(wing a limited F)-.275 E(aster Restart)
-.165 E(up to a lik)93.6 163 Q(ely-safe rate.)-.11 E -.165(Fo)93.6 179.6
S 2.75(rs).165 G(ome transport protocols using TFRC, the feedback pack)
-2.75 E(ets might report the loss e)-.11 E -.165(ve)-.275 G(nt).165 E
(rate, b)93.6 192.6 Q(ut not e)-.22 E(xplicity report lost or mark)-.165
E(ed pack)-.11 E 2.75(ets. F)-.11 F
(or such protocols, the sender in the)-.165 E(`Update X_acti)93.6 205.6
Q -.165(ve)-.275 G(_rate and X_f).165 E
(ast_max' procedure can infer that a feedback pack)-.11 E(et indicates)
-.11 E 2.75(al)93.6 218.6 S
(oss or mark by looking at the reported loss e)-2.75 E -.165(ve)-.275 G
(nt rate.).165 E(If the current or pre)5.5 E(vious feedback)-.275 E
(pack)93.6 231.6 Q(et reported an increase in the loss e)-.11 E -.165
(ve)-.275 G(nt rate, then the current feedback pack).165 E(et is)-.11 E
(assumed to indicate a loss or mark.)93.6 244.6 Q(\(If the pre)5.5 E
(vious feedback pack)-.275 E(et reported an increase in)-.11 E
(the loss e)93.6 257.6 Q -.165(ve)-.275 G(nt rate, then a loss e).165 E
-.165(ve)-.275 G(nt be).165 E -.055(ga)-.165 G 2.75(ni).055 G 2.75(nt)
-2.75 G(he interv)-2.75 E(al co)-.275 E -.165(ve)-.165 G
(red by that feedback pack).165 E(et.)-.11 E(Ho)93.6 270.6 Q(we)-.275 E
-.165(ve)-.275 G .88 -.44(r, t).165 H(he loss e).44 E -.165(ve)-.275 G
(nt can co).165 E -.165(ve)-.165 G 2.75(ru).165 G 2.75(pt)-2.75 G 2.75
(oar)-2.75 G(ound-trip time of data, so the second half of the)-2.75 E
(loss e)93.6 283.6 Q -.165(ve)-.275 G
(nt, including additional lost or mark).165 E(ed pack)-.11 E
(ets, could be co)-.11 E -.165(ve)-.165 G(red by the second).165 E
(feedback pack)93.6 296.6 Q(et.\))-.11 E(The `Interpolate X_f)93.6 313.2
Q(ast_max' procedure determines X_f)-.11 E
(ast_max, the adjusted rate at which)-.11 E -.165(Fa)93.6 326.2 S
(ster Restart should stop.).165 E(The procedure sets X_f)5.5 E
(ast_max to something between zero and)-.11 E(X_acti)93.6 339.2 Q -.165
(ve)-.275 G(_recv).165 E 2.75(,d)-.715 G
(epending on the time since X_acti)-2.75 E -.165(ve)-.275 G(_recv w).165
E(as last updated.)-.11 E(The procedure)5.5 E(allo)93.6 352.2 Q
(ws full F)-.275 E(aster Restart up to the old sending rate X_acti)-.165
E -.165(ve)-.275 G(_recv after a short idle period,).165 E -.22(bu)93.6
365.2 S 2.75(tr).22 G(equires more conserv)-2.75 E(ati)-.275 E .33 -.165
(ve b)-.275 H(eha).165 E(vior after a longer idle period.)-.22 E
(Thus, if 10 minutes or)5.5 E(less ha)93.6 378.2 Q .33 -.165(ve e)-.22 H
(lapsed since the last update of X_acti).165 E -.165(ve)-.275 G(_recv)
.165 E 2.75(,t)-.715 G(hen X_f)-2.75 E(ast_max is set to)-.11 E(X_acti)
93.6 391.2 Q -.165(ve)-.275 G(_recv).165 E 5.5(.I)-.715 G 2.75(f3)-5.5 G
2.75(0m)-2.75 G(inutes or more ha)-2.75 E .33 -.165(ve e)-.22 H
(lapsed, X_f).165 E(ast_max is set to zero.)-.11 E(Linear)5.5 E
(interpolation is used between these e)93.6 404.2 Q(xtremes.)-.165 E/F1
11/Courier@0 SF(Interpolate X_fast_max:)93.6 423.2 Q
(// If achieved X_active_recv <= 10 minutes ago,)113.4 436.2 Q 19.8
(// set)113.4 449.2 R(X_fast_max to X_active_recv;)6.6 E
(// If achieved X_active_recv >= 30 minutes ago,)113.4 462.2 Q 19.8
(// set)113.4 475.2 R(X_fast_max to zero;)6.6 E
(// If in between, interpolate.)113.4 488.2 Q
(delta_T := now - T_active_recv;)113.4 501.2 Q 6.6(F:)113.4 514.2 S 6.6
(=\()-6.6 G(30 min - min\(max\(delta_T, 10 min\), 30 min\)\) / 20 min;)
-6.6 E(X_fast_max := F * X_active_recv;)113.4 527.2 Q F0
(This procedure uses the temporary v)93.6 555.3 Q
(ariables delta_T and F)-.275 E(.)-.88 E
(The entire procedure replaces the follo)93.6 571.9 Q
(wing line from step \(4\) of Section 4.2 of)-.275 E([RFC3448bis]:)93.6
584.9 Q F1(recv_limit := 2 * max \(X_recv_set\);)93.6 603.9 Q F0
(with the follo)93.6 632 Q(wing:)-.275 E -.385(Ko)72 733 S(hler).385 E
2.75(,e)-.44 G 2.75(ta)-2.75 G 335.849(l. [P)-2.75 F(age 7])-.165 E 0 Cg
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(January 2008)2.75 E(July 2007)123.726 E/F1 11/Courier@0 SF
(Update X_active_recv and X_fast_max;)93.6 85 Q(Interpolate X_fast_max;)
93.6 98 Q(recv_limit :=)93.6 111 Q 6.6(2*m)13.2 G(ax \(X_recv_set\);)
-6.6 E(If \(recv_limit < X_fast_max\))93.6 124 Q
(recv_limit := min\(2*recv_limit, X_fast_max\);)113.4 137 Q F0
(This allo)93.6 165.1 Q
(ws the TFRC sender to quadruple its sending rate during F)-.275 E
(aster Restart.)-.165 E 1.76 -.88(We n)5.5 H(ote).88 E(that the v)93.6
178.1 Q(ariable X_f)-.275 E(ast_max can be implemented as a temporary v)
-.11 E(ariable.)-.275 E/F2 11/Times-Bold@0 SF(3.3.)72 204.1 Q/F3 13
/Times-Bold@0 SF(Nofeedback T)5.5 E(imer)-.234 E F0
(Section 4.4 of [RFC3448bis] speci\214es when the allo)93.6 220.7 Q
(wed sending rate is halv)-.275 E(ed after the)-.165 E
(nofeedback timer e)93.6 233.7 Q 2.75(xpires. In)-.165 F(particular)2.75
E 2.75(,[)-.44 G(RFC3448bis] speci\214es that if the sender has been)
-2.75 E(idle since the nofeedback timer w)93.6 246.7 Q
(as set, then the allo)-.11 E(wed sending rate is not reduced belo)-.275
E(w)-.275 E(reco)93.6 259.7 Q -.165(ve)-.165 G(r_rate, which in [RFC344\
8bis] is set to the initial_rate of W_init/R, for).165 E
(W_init = min\(4*s, max\(2*s, 4380\)\),)129.6 278.7 Q(for se)93.6 297.7
Q(gment size s.)-.165 E(In contrast, this document sets reco)5.5 E -.165
(ve)-.165 G(r_rate to twice the initial_rate, as).165 E(follo)93.6 310.7
Q(ws:)-.275 E(reco)129.6 329.7 Q -.165(ve)-.165 G(r_rate = 2*W_init/R;)
.165 E F2(4.)72 361.7 Q/F4 14/Times-Bold@0 SF -.35(Fa)5.5 G
(ster Restart: DCCP-speci\214c Speci\214cations).35 E F2(4.1.)72 387.7 Q
F3(DCCP: Implementation of Minimum Sending Rate)5.5 E F0
(Section 3.1 abo)93.6 404.3 Q .33 -.165(ve s)-.165 H
(peci\214es that when TFRC uses F).165 E
(aster Restart, the sender must send)-.165 E(occasional ping pack)93.6
417.3 Q(ets during idle times.)-.11 E
(This section speci\214es the implementation of these)5.5 E(ping pack)
93.6 430.3 Q(ets for [RFC4342] and [CCID4].)-.11 E
(DCCP implementations MUST use DCCP-Data or DCCP-DataAck pack)93.6 446.9
Q(ets with a zero-)-.11 E(length application data area for pack)93.6
459.9 Q(ets sent to maintain a minimum sending rate.)-.11 E 1.76 -.88
(To t)5.5 H(hat).88 E(end, this document modi\214es RFC 4340')93.6 472.9
Q 2.75(sb)-.605 G(eha)-2.75 E
(vior with respect to zero-length application)-.22 E
(data area DCCP-Data and DCCP-DataAck pack)93.6 485.9 Q 2.75(ets. RFC)
-.11 F(4340, Section 5.4, speci\214es that:)2.75 E 2.75(AD)115.2 498.9 S
(CCP-Data or DCCP-DataAck pack)-2.75 E(et may ha)-.11 E .33 -.165
(ve a z)-.22 H(ero-length application data area,).165 E
(which indicates that the application sent a zero-length datagram.)115.2
511.9 Q(This dif)5.5 E(fers from)-.275 E
(DCCP-Request and DCCP-Response pack)115.2 524.9 Q
(ets, where an empty application data area)-.11 E(indicates the absence\
 of application data \(not the presence of zero-length application)115.2
537.9 Q 2.75(data\). The)115.2 550.9 R(API SHOULD report an)2.75 E 2.75
(yr)-.165 G(ecei)-2.75 E -.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75(dz).165 G
(ero-length datagrams to the recei)-2.75 E(ving)-.275 E(application.)
115.2 563.9 Q(This document re)93.6 589.9 Q
(vises this statement as follo)-.275 E(ws.)-.275 E 2.75(AD)115.2 602.9 S
(CCP-Data or DCCP-DataAck pack)-2.75 E(et may ha)-.11 E .33 -.165
(ve a z)-.22 H(ero-length application data area.).165 E(Such pack)115.2
615.9 Q
(ets may be sent by congestion control algorithms to maintain a minimum)
-.11 E(sending rate.)115.2 628.9 Q
(As in DCCP-Request and DCCP-Response pack)5.5 E
(ets, an empty application)-.11 E
(data area indicates the absence of application data.)115.2 641.9 Q
(The usual pack)5.5 E(et recei)-.11 E(ving API)-.275 E(MUST NO)115.2
654.9 Q 2.75(Tr)-.44 G(eport an)-2.75 E 2.75(yr)-.165 G(ecei)-2.75 E
-.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75(dz).165 G(ero-length datagrams to the recei)-2.75
E(ving application.)-.275 E -.165(Fo)115.2 667.9 S 2.75(ri).165 G
(nstance, when a recei)-2.75 E
(ving application asks the API to return the ne)-.275 E(xt recei)-.165 E
-.165(ve)-.275 G(d).165 E(pack)115.2 680.9 Q(et, the API should al)-.11
E -.11(wa)-.11 G(ys return a pack).11 E
(et with at least one byte of application data.)-.11 E(\(Ho)115.2 693.9
Q(we)-.275 E -.165(ve)-.275 G .88 -.44(r, a s).165 H
(pecial-purpose API, such as an API designed to report connection).44 E
-.385(Ko)72 733 S(hler).385 E 2.75(,e)-.44 G 2.75(ta)-2.75 G 335.849
(l. [P)-2.75 F(age 8])-.165 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 11/Times-Roman@0 SF(INTERNET)72 49 Q 71.587(-DRAFT Expires:)-1.012 F
(January 2008)2.75 E(July 2007)123.726 E(li)115.2 85 Q -.165(ve)-.275 G
(ness, MA).165 E 2.75(Yr)-1.155 G(eport recei)-2.75 E -.165(ve)-.275 G
2.75(dz).165 G(ero-length datagrams.\))-2.75 E/F1 11/Times-Bold@0 SF
(4.2.)72 111 Q/F2 13/Times-Bold@0 SF(DCCP: Recei)5.5 E .26 -.13(ve R)
-.13 H(ate Adjustment).13 E F0(Unlik)93.6 127.6 Q 2.75(e[)-.11 G
(RFC3448] and [RFC3448bis], Section 8.3 of DCCP')-2.75 E 2.75(s[)-.605 G
(RFC4342] speci\214es that the)-2.75 E(Recei)93.6 140.6 Q .33 -.165
(ve R)-.275 H(ate option reports the recei).165 E .33 -.165(ve r)-.275 H
(ate since the last feedback pack).165 E(et w)-.11 E(as sent.)-.11 E(In)
5.5 E(contrast, Section 6.2 of [RFC3448] and of [RFC3448bis] specify th\
at the feedback pack)93.6 153.6 Q(et)-.11 E(reports the recei)93.6 166.6
Q .33 -.165(ve r)-.275 H(ate o).165 E -.165(ve)-.165 G 2.75(rt).165 G
(he last round-trip time.)-2.75 E(As a result, the recei)5.5 E .33 -.165
(ve r)-.275 H(ate reported by).165 E([RFC4342] dif)93.6 179.6 Q
(fers from that of TFRC for a feedback pack)-.275 E
(et after an idle period; the recei)-.11 E -.165(ve)-.275 G
(rate of TFRC reports the recei)93.6 192.6 Q .33 -.165(ve r)-.275 H
(ate o).165 E -.165(ve)-.165 G 2.75(rt).165 G(he entire idle period.)
-2.75 E(The recei)5.5 E .33 -.165(ve r)-.275 H(ate reported by).165 E
([RFC4342] also dif)93.6 205.6 Q
(fers from that of TFRC for an early feedback pack)-.275 E
(et reporting a ne)-.11 E 2.75(wl)-.275 G(oss)-2.75 E -2.365 -.275(ev e)
93.6 218.6 T 2.75(nt. In).275 F(this document, we specify that [RFC4342\
] and [CCID4] should use the de\214nition)2.75 E(of the recei)93.6 231.6
Q .33 -.165(ve r)-.275 H
(ate as speci\214ed in [RFC3448] and [RFC3448bis].).165 E(In particular)
93.6 257.6 Q 2.75(,t)-.44 G
(he fourth paragraph in Section 6 of [RFC4342] is changed from:)-2.75 E
(2. A Recei)115.2 283.6 Q .33 -.165(ve R)-.275 H
(ate option, de\214ned in Section 8.3, specifying the).165 E
(rate at which data w)123.45 296.6 Q(as recei)-.11 E -.165(ve)-.275 G
2.75(ds).165 G(ince the last DCCP-Ack w)-2.75 E(as)-.11 E(sent.)123.45
309.6 Q(to:)93.6 335.6 Q(2. A Recei)115.2 361.6 Q .33 -.165(ve R)-.275 H
(ate option, de\214ned in Section 8.3, specifying the).165 E
(rate at which data w)123.45 374.6 Q(as recei)-.11 E -.165(ve)-.275 G
2.75(do).165 G -.165(ve)-2.915 G 2.75(rt).165 G
(he last round-trip time.)-2.75 E(Similarly)93.6 400.6 Q 2.75(,t)-.715 G
(he \214rst paragraph in Section 8.3 of [RFC4342] is changed from:)-2.75
E(This option MUST be sent by the data recei)115.2 413.6 Q -.165(ve)
-.275 G 2.75(ro).165 G 2.75(na)-2.75 G(ll required ackno)-2.75 E 2.75
(wledgements. Its)-.275 F
(four data bytes indicate the rate at which the recei)115.2 426.6 Q
-.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75(rh).165 G(as recei)-2.75 E -.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75
(dd).165 G(ata since it last sent)-2.75 E(an ackno)115.2 439.6 Q
(wledgement, in bytes per second.)-.275 E 1.76 -.88(To c)5.5 H
(alculate this recei).88 E .33 -.165(ve r)-.275 H(ate, the recei).165 E
-.165(ve)-.275 G(r).165 E(sets t to the lar)115.2 452.6 Q
(ger of the estimated round-trip time and the time since the last Recei)
-.198 E -.165(ve)-.275 G(Rate option w)115.2 465.6 Q(as sent.)-.11 E
(\(Recei)5.5 E -.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75(dd).165 G(ata pack)-2.75 E
(ets' windo)-.11 E 2.75(wc)-.275 G(ounters can be used to produce)-2.75
E 2.75(as)115.2 478.6 S(uitable R)-2.75 E
(TT estimate, as described in Section 8.1.\))-.66 E(The recei)5.5 E .33
-.165(ve r)-.275 H(ate then equals the).165 E
(number of data bytes recei)115.2 491.6 Q -.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75(di).165
G 2.75(nt)-2.75 G(he most recent t seconds, di)-2.75 E(vided by t.)-.275
E(to:)93.6 517.6 Q(This option MUST be sent by the data recei)115.2
530.6 Q -.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75(ro).165 G 2.75(na)-2.75 G
(ll required ackno)-2.75 E 2.75(wledgements. Its)-.275 F
(four data bytes indicate the rate at which the recei)115.2 543.6 Q
-.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75(rh).165 G(as recei)-2.75 E -.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75
(dd).165 G(ata o)-2.75 E -.165(ve)-.165 G 2.75(rt).165 G(he last)-2.75 E
(round-trip time, in bytes per second.)115.2 556.6 Q 1.76 -.88(To c)5.5
H(alculate the time interv).88 E(al t for calculating this)-.275 E
(recei)115.2 569.6 Q .33 -.165(ve r)-.275 H(ate, the recei).165 E -.165
(ve)-.275 G 2.75(rf).165 G(ollo)-2.75 E
(ws Section 6.2 of [RFC3448bis], or roughly equi)-.275 E -.275(va)-.275
G(lently).275 E(,)-.715 E(Section 6.2 of [RFC3448].)115.2 582.6 Q
(\(Recei)5.5 E -.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75(dd).165 G(ata pack)-2.75 E
(ets' windo)-.11 E 2.75(wc)-.275 G(ounters can be used to)-2.75 E
(produce a suitable R)115.2 595.6 Q
(TT estimate, as described in Section 8.1.\))-.66 E(The recei)5.5 E .33
-.165(ve r)-.275 H(ate then).165 E
(equals the number of data bytes recei)115.2 608.6 Q -.165(ve)-.275 G
2.75(di).165 G 2.75(nt)-2.75 G(he most recent t seconds, di)-2.75 E
(vided by t.)-.275 E 2.75(Af)93.6 634.6 S(eedback pack)-2.75 E
(et sent in response to the \214rst pack)-.11 E(et recei)-.11 E -.165
(ve)-.275 G 2.75(da).165 G(fter an idle period reports a)-2.75 E(recei)
93.6 647.6 Q .33 -.165(ve r)-.275 H(ate of one pack).165 E
(et per round-trip time.)-.11 E
(As a change from [RFC3448], [RFC3448bis])5.5 E(doesn')93.6 660.6 Q 2.75
(tu)-.198 G(se the recei)-2.75 E .33 -.165(ve r)-.275 H
(ate reported in such pack).165 E(ets to reduce the allo)-.11 E
(wed sending rate.)-.275 E(Because [RFC3448bis] doesn')93.6 673.6 Q 2.75
(tu)-.198 G(se the recei)-2.75 E .33 -.165(ve r)-.275 H
(ate to reduce the allo).165 E(wed sending rate when)-.275 E
(the data sender w)93.6 686.6 Q(as data-limited o)-.11 E -.165(ve)-.165
G 2.75(rt).165 G(he entire interv)-2.75 E(al co)-.275 E -.165(ve)-.165 G
(red by the recei).165 E .33 -.165(ve r)-.275 H(ate, the).165 E -.385
(Ko)72 733 S(hler).385 E 2.75(,e)-.44 G 2.75(ta)-2.75 G 335.849(l. [P)
-2.75 F(age 9])-.165 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 11/Times-Roman@0 SF(INTERNET)72 49 Q 71.587(-DRAFT Expires:)-1.012 F
(January 2008)2.75 E(July 2007)123.726 E(DCCP sender that follo)93.6 85
Q(ws [RFC3448bis] generally w)-.275 E(ould not use the recei)-.11 E .33
-.165(ve r)-.275 H(ate from an).165 E(interv)93.6 98 Q
(al that did not include data pack)-.275 E(ets.)-.11 E 1.76 -.88(To b)
93.6 114.6 T 2.75(ep).88 G
(recise, we specify language for DCCP so that if the entire period co)
-2.75 E -.165(ve)-.165 G(red by the last).165 E(feedback pack)93.6 127.6
Q(et doesn')-.11 E 2.75(ti)-.198 G(nclude an)-2.75 E 2.75(yd)-.165 G
(ata pack)-2.75 E(ets, then the sender doesn')-.11 E 2.75(tu)-.198 G
(se the reported)-2.75 E(recei)93.6 140.6 Q .33 -.165(ve r)-.275 H
(ate to reduce the sending rate, e).165 E -.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75(ni).165
G 2.75(ft)-2.75 G(he sender w)-2.75 E(as not data-limited o)-.11 E -.165
(ve)-.165 G 2.75(rt).165 G(han)-2.75 E(interv)93.6 153.6 Q 2.75(al. T)
-.275 F 2.75(od)-.88 G 2.75(ot)-2.75 G(hat, we add the follo)-2.75 E
(wing:)-.275 E(Assume that the sender recei)93.6 170.2 Q -.165(ve)-.275
G 2.75(st).165 G .22 -.11(wo f)-2.75 H(eedback pack).11 E
(ets with Ackno)-.11 E(wledgement Numbers A1)-.275 E(and A2, respecti)
93.6 183.2 Q -.165(ve)-.275 G(ly).165 E 5.5(.F)-.715 G
(urther assume that the sender sent no data pack)-5.5 E(ets in between)
-.11 E(Sequence Numbers A1+1 and A2, inclusi)93.6 196.2 Q -.165(ve)-.275
G 5.5(.\().165 G(All those pack)-5.5 E(ets must ha)-.11 E .33 -.165
(ve b)-.22 H(een pure).165 E(ackno)93.6 209.2 Q
(wledgements, Sync and SyncAck pack)-.275 E(ets, and so forth.\))-.11 E
(Then the sender MA)5.5 E 2.838 -1.419(Y, a)-1.155 H 2.75(ti)1.419 G(ts)
-2.75 E(discretion, ignore the second feedback pack)93.6 222.2 Q(et')
-.11 E 2.75(sR)-.605 G(ecei)-2.75 E .33 -.165(ve R)-.275 H(ate option.)
.165 E(Note that when the)5.5 E
(sender decides to ignore such an option, it MUST NO)93.6 235.2 Q 2.75
(Tr)-.44 G(eset the nofeedback timer as it)-2.75 E(normally w)93.6 248.2
Q(ould; the nofeedback timer will go of)-.11 E 2.75(fa)-.275 G 2.75(si)
-2.75 G 2.75(ft)-2.75 G(he second feedback pack)-2.75 E(et had ne)-.11 E
-.165(ve)-.275 G(r).165 E(been recei)93.6 261.2 Q -.165(ve)-.275 G(d.)
.165 E/F1 11/Times-Bold@0 SF(4.3.)72 287.2 Q/F2 13/Times-Bold@0 SF
(DCCP: The Recei)5.5 E .26 -.13(ve R)-.13 H(ate Length).13 E F0
([The Recei)93.6 303.8 Q .33 -.165(ve R)-.275 H
(ate Length option in earlier v).165 E
(ersions of this document has been deleted.)-.165 E(The)5.5 E(Recei)93.6
316.8 Q .33 -.165(ve R)-.275 H
(ate Length option is not needed for feedback pack).165 E
(ets sent after an idle period,)-.11 E
(because of changes in [RFC3448bis].)93.6 329.8 Q(The Recei)5.5 E .33
-.165(ve R)-.275 H(ate Length option should not be used).165 E(for the \
sender to account for short idle periods within a feedback period.)93.6
342.8 Q(The Recei)5.5 E .33 -.165(ve R)-.275 H(ate).165 E
(Length option is also not needed for the case discussed abo)93.6 355.8
Q .33 -.165(ve w)-.165 H(hen the sender is not data-).165 E(limited, b)
93.6 368.8 Q(ut the data sending rate is less than one pack)-.22 E
(et per round-trip time, and the interv)-.11 E(al)-.275 E(co)93.6 381.8
Q -.165(ve)-.165 G(red by the feedback pack).165 E(et doesn')-.11 E 2.75
(ti)-.198 G(nclude an)-2.75 E 2.75(yd)-.165 G(ata pack)-2.75 E
(ets; this case is dealt with)-.11 E(abo)93.6 394.8 Q .33 -.165(ve w)
-.165 H(ithout the use of the Recei).165 E .33 -.165(ve R)-.275 H
(ate Length.).165 E F1(5.)72 420.8 Q/F3 14/Times-Bold@0 SF -.35(Fa)5.5 G
(ster Restart Discussion).35 E F0(Standard TCP has historically dealt w\
ith idleness and data-limited \215o)93.6 437.4 Q(ws either by k)-.275 E
(eeping)-.11 E
(cwnd entirely open \("immediate start"\) or by entering slo)93.6 450.4
Q 2.75(ws)-.275 G(tart, as recommended in RFC)-2.75 E
(2581 in response to an idle period.)93.6 463.4 Q
(The \214rst option is too liberal, the second too)5.5 E(conserv)93.6
476.4 Q(ati)-.275 E -.165(ve)-.275 G 5.5(.C).165 G
(learly a short idle or data-limited period is not a ne)-5.5 E 2.75(wc)
-.275 G(onnection: recent)-2.75 E -.275(ev)93.6 489.4 S(idence sho).275
E(ws that the connection could f)-.275 E
(airly sustain some rate without adv)-.11 E(ersely)-.165 E
(impacting other \215o)93.6 502.4 Q 2.75(ws. Ho)-.275 F(we)-.275 E -.165
(ve)-.275 G .88 -.44(r, l).165 H
(onger idle periods are more problematic.).44 E(Idle periods of)5.5 E
(man)93.6 515.4 Q 2.75(ym)-.165 G(inutes w)-2.75 E
(ould seem to require slo)-.11 E 2.75(ws)-.275 G(tart.)-2.75 E
(RFC 2861 [RFC2861] gi)93.6 532 Q -.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75(sam).165 G
(oderate mechanism for TCP)-2.75 E 2.75(,w)-1.221 G
(here the congestion windo)-2.75 E(w)-.275 E(is halv)93.6 545 Q
(ed for e)-.165 E -.165(ve)-.275 G(ry retransmit timeout interv).165 E
(al that the sender has remained idle, do)-.275 E(wn to the)-.275 E
(initial windo)93.6 558 Q 1.43 -.715(w, a)-.275 H(nd the windo).715 E
2.75(wi)-.275 G 2.75(sr)-2.75 G(e-opened in slo)-2.75 E
(w-start when the idle period is o)-.275 E -.165(ve)-.165 G -.605(r.)
.165 G(TFRC in [RFC3448bis] roughly follo)93.6 571 Q
(ws [RFC2861] for the response to an idle period.)-.275 E(Unlik)93.6 584
Q 2.75(e[)-.11 G(RFC2861], ho)-2.75 E(we)-.275 E -.165(ve)-.275 G .88
-.44(r, [).165 H(RFC3448bis] follo).44 E
(ws Standard TCP in its responses to a data-)-.275 E
(limited period, and does not reduce the allo)93.6 597 Q
(wed sending rate in response to data-limited)-.275 E(periods.)93.6 610
Q -.165(Fa)93.6 626.6 S
(ster Restart should be acceptable for TFRC if its w).165 E
(orst-case scenario is acceptable.)-.11 E(Realistic w)93.6 639.6 Q
(orst-case scenarios might include the follo)-.11 E(wing scenarios:)
-.275 E 12.65<8350>93.6 656.2 S
(ath changes: The path changes and the old rate isn')-12.815 E 2.75(ta)
-.198 G(cceptable on the ne)-2.75 E 2.75(wp)-.275 G 2.75(ath. R)-2.75 F
(TTs)-.66 E(are shorter on the ne)110.1 669.2 Q 2.75(wp)-.275 G
(ath too, so F)-2.75 E(aster Restart tak)-.165 E
(es bandwidth from other connections)-.11 E(for multiple R)110.1 682.2 Q
(TTs, not just one.)-.66 E
(\(This can happen with TCP or with TFRC without)5.5 E -.165(Fa)110.1
695.2 S(ster Restart, b).165 E(ut F)-.22 E(aster Restart could mak)-.165
E 2.75(et)-.11 G(his beha)-2.75 E(vior more se)-.22 E -.165(ve)-.275 G
(re.]).165 E -.385(Ko)72 733 S(hler).385 E 2.75(,e)-.44 G 2.75(ta)-2.75
G 330.349(l. [P)-2.75 F(age 10])-.165 E 0 Cg EP
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(ynchronized \215o)-12.65 E(ws: Se)-.275 E -.165(ve)-.275 G
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(.I)-.715 G 2.75(ft)-5.5 G(he path)-2.75 E(is congested, the e)110.1 98
Q(xtra load resulting from F)-.165 E
(aster Restart could be twice as bad as the)-.165 E -.165(ex)110.1 111 S
(tra load if the connections had simply slo).165 E
(w-started from their allo)-.275 E(wed initial sending)-.275 E(rate.)
110.1 124 Q 12.65<834d>93.6 140.6 S(an)-12.65 E 2.75(yf)-.165 G
(orms of b)-2.75 E(urstiness: In addition to connections F)-.22 E
(ast-Restarting, there are short TCP)-.165 E(or DCCP connections starti\
ng and stopping all the time, with initial windo)110.1 153.6 Q
(ws of three or)-.275 E(four pack)110.1 166.6 Q 2.75(ets. There)-.11 F
(are also TCP connections with short quiescent periods \(web)2.75 E(bro)
110.1 179.6 Q(wsing sessions using HTTP 1.1\).)-.275 E
(The audio and video connections ha)5.5 E .33 -.165(ve i)-.22 H
(dle periods.).165 E(The a)110.1 192.6 Q -.275(va)-.22 G
(ilable bandwidth could v).275 E(ary o)-.275 E -.165(ve)-.165 G 2.75(rt)
.165 G(ime because of bandwidth used by higher)-2.75 E(-)-.22 E
(priority traf)110.1 205.6 Q 2.75(\214c. All)-.275 F
(of this might happen at once, so the aggre)2.75 E -.055(ga)-.165 G
(te arri).055 E -.275(va)-.275 G 2.75(lr).275 G(ate naturally)-2.75 E
-.275(va)110.1 218.6 S(ries from one R).275 E(TT to the ne)-.66 E 2.75
(xt. The)-.165 F(transient congestion could be particularly se)2.75 E
-.165(ve)-.275 G(re if).165 E(the congested link is an access link inst\
ead of a backbone link; the le)110.1 231.6 Q -.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75(lo)
.165 G 2.75(fs)-2.75 G(tatistical)-2.75 E(multiple)110.1 244.6 Q
(xing on an access link may not be suf)-.165 E
(\214ciently high to `smooth out' the)-.275 E -.22(bu)110.1 257.6 S
(rstiness.).22 E 12.65<8357>93.6 274.2 S(ireless links: The netw)-13.09
E(ork allocates capacity based on traf)-.11 E
(\214c conditions, as in some)-.275 E(current wireless technologies, su\
ch as Bandwidth on Demand \(BoD\) links [RFC3819])110.1 287.2 Q
(where capacity is v)110.1 300.2 Q(ariable and dependent on se)-.275 E
-.165(ve)-.275 G(ral parameters other than netw).165 E(ork)-.11 E 2.75
(congestion. In)110.1 313.2 R(this case, the old sending rate might not\
 be acceptable after a change in)2.75 E
(capacity for the wireless link during an idle period.)110.1 326.2 Q
(Further analysis is required to analyze the ef)93.6 342.8 Q
(fects of these scenarios.)-.275 E 1.76 -.88(We n)93.6 359.4 T
(ote that F).88 E(aster Restart in TFRC-SP [RFC4828] is considerably mo\
re restrained than)-.165 E -.165(Fa)93.6 372.4 S
(ster Restart in the def).165 E(ault TFRC.)-.11 E(In TFRC-SP)5.5 E 2.75
(,t)-1.221 G(he sender is restricted to sending at most)-2.75 E
(one pack)93.6 385.4 Q(et e)-.11 E -.165(ve)-.275 G(ry Min Interv).165 E
2.75(al. Similarly)-.275 F 2.75(,F)-.715 G(aster Restart in the def)
-2.915 E(ault TFRC is more)-.11 E(restrained than F)93.6 398.4 Q
(aster Restart w)-.165 E
(ould be if added to TCP; TFRC is controlled by a sending)-.11 E
(rate, while TCP is controlled by a windo)93.6 411.4 Q 1.43 -.715(w, a)
-.275 H(nd could send in a v).715 E(ery b)-.165 E(ursty pattern without)
-.22 E(rate-based pacing.)93.6 424.4 Q/F1 11/Times-Bold@0 SF(6.)72 467 Q
/F2 14/Times-Bold@0 SF(Simulations of F)5.5 E(aster Restart)-.35 E F0(S\
ome test case scenarios based on simulation analysis are described in A\
ppendix A.)93.6 483.6 Q(These)5.5 E(simulations follo)93.6 496.6 Q 2.75
(wt)-.275 G(he guidelines set in [RFC4828].)-2.75 E(These are:)5.5 E
10.6(1. F)93.6 513.2 R
(airness to standard TCP and TFRC: The simulation tests e)-.165 E
(xamine whether \215o)-.165 E(ws that)-.275 E(use F)115.2 526.2 Q
(aster Restart allo)-.165 E 2.75(wT)-.275 G(CP and TFRC \215o)-2.75 E
(ws can achie)-.275 E .33 -.165(ve t)-.275 H(heir share of the path).165
E(capacity)115.2 539.2 Q(.)-.715 E 10.6(2. F)93.6 555.8 R
(airness within FR: The simulation tests e)-.165 E(xamine ho)-.165 E
2.75(wm)-.275 G(ultiple competing FR \215o)-2.75 E(ws)-.275 E
(share the a)115.2 568.8 Q -.275(va)-.22 G(ilable capacity among them.)
.275 E 10.6(3. Response)93.6 585.4 R(to transient e)2.75 E -.165(ve)
-.275 G(nts: The simulation tests e).165 E(xamine ho)-.165 E 2.75(waF)
-.275 G 2.75<528d>-2.75 G .55 -.275(ow r)-2.75 H(eacts to a).275 E
(sudden congestion e)115.2 598.4 Q -.165(ve)-.275 G(nt.).165 E 10.6
(4. Beha)93.6 615 R(viour in a range of en)-.22 E(vironments: T)-.44 E
(ests assess a range of bandwidth, R)-.77 E(TTs, and)-.66 E -.275(va)
115.2 628 S(rying idle periods.).275 E 2.75(Al)93.6 644.6 S(ater v)-2.75
E(ersion of this draft will pro)-.165 E
(vide more discussion on these results in the appendix and)-.165 E
(implications will be noted here.)93.6 657.6 Q -.385(Ko)72 733 S(hler)
.385 E 2.75(,e)-.44 G 2.75(ta)-2.75 G 330.349(l. [P)-2.75 F(age 11])
-.165 E 0 Cg EP
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(January 2008)2.75 E(July 2007)123.726 E/F1 11/Times-Bold@0 SF(7.)72 85
Q/F2 14/Times-Bold@0 SF(Implementation Issues)5.5 E F0(TB)93.6 101.6 Q
(A)-.385 E F1(8.)72 127.6 Q F2(Security Considerations)5.5 E F0
(DCCP security considerations are discussed in [RFC4340].)93.6 144.2 Q
-.165(Fa)5.5 G(ster Restart adds no additional).165 E
(security considerations.)93.6 157.2 Q(XXX WE WILL PR)5.5 E(OB)-.44 E
(ABL)-.385 E 2.75(YB)-1.1 G 2.75(ER)-2.75 G(EQ)-2.75 E(UIRED T)-.11 E
2.75(OA)-.198 G(DD SOME)-2.75 E(STUFF HERE)93.6 170.2 Q F1(9.)72 196.2 Q
F2(IAN)5.5 E 3.5(AC)-.28 G(onsiderations)-3.5 E F0(There are no IAN)93.6
212.8 Q 2.75(Ac)-.385 G(onsiderations.)-2.75 E F1(10.)72 238.8 Q F2
(Thanks)5.5 E F0 1.76 -.88(We t)93.6 255.4 T(hank the DCCP W).88 E
(orking Group for feedback and discussions, including Gorry)-.88 E -.165
(Fa)93.6 268.4 S 2.75(irhurst. W).165 F 2.75(ee)-.88 G(specially thank \
Vlad Balan for pointing out problems with the mechanisms)-2.75 E
(discussed in pre)93.6 281.4 Q(vious v)-.275 E(ersions of the draft.)
-.165 E F2(Normati)72 307.4 Q .28 -.14(ve R)-.14 H(efer).14 E(ences)
-.252 E F0 29.634([RFC2119] Bradner)98.7 324 R 2.75(,S)-.44 G(., "K)
-2.75 E .33 -.165(ey w)-.275 H
(ords for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement).055 E(Le)181.2 337 Q
-.165(ve)-.275 G(ls", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.).165 E 29.634
([RFC3448] Handle)98.7 353.6 R 1.43 -.715(y, M)-.165 H(., Flo).715 E
(yd, S., P)-.11 E(adh)-.165 E(ye, J., and J. W)-.055 E(idmer)-.44 E 2.75
(,")-.44 G(TCP Friendly Rate)-2.75 E(Control \(TFRC\): Protocol Speci\
\214cation", RFC 3448, Proposed Standard,)181.2 366.6 Q(January 2003.)
181.2 379.6 Q 16.797([RFC3448bis] Handle)98.7 396.2 R 1.43 -.715(y, M)
-.165 H(., Flo).715 E(yd, S., P)-.11 E(adh)-.165 E(ye, J., and J. W)
-.055 E(idmer)-.44 E 2.75(,")-.44 G(TCP Friendly Rate)-2.75 E(Control \
\(TFRC\): Protocol Speci\214cation", internet draft draft-ietf-dccp-)
181.2 409.2 Q(rfc3448bis-02.txt, w)181.2 422.2 Q
(ork-in-progress, July 2007.)-.11 E 29.634([RFC4340] K)98.7 438.8 R
(ohler)-.385 E 2.75(,E)-.44 G(., Handle)-2.75 E 1.43 -.715(y, M)-.165 H
(., and S. Flo).715 E(yd, "Datagram Congestion Control)-.11 E
(Protocol \(DCCP\)", RFC 4340, March 2006.)181.2 451.8 Q 29.634
([RFC4342] Flo)98.7 468.4 R(yd, S., K)-.11 E(ohler)-.385 E 2.75(,E)-.44
G(., and J. P)-2.75 E(adh)-.165 E
(ye, "Pro\214le for Datagram Congestion)-.055 E
(Control Protocol \(DCCP\) Congestion Control ID 3: TCP-Friendly Rate)
181.2 481.4 Q(Control \(TFRC\)", RFC 4342, March 2006.)181.2 494.4 Q F2
(Inf)72 520.4 Q(ormati)-.35 E .28 -.14(ve R)-.14 H(efer).14 E(ences)
-.252 E F0 40.645([CCID4] Flo)98.7 537 R(yd, S., and E. K)-.11 E(ohler)
-.385 E 2.75(,")-.44 G(Pro\214le for Datagram Congestion Control)-2.75 E
(Protocol \(DCCP\) Congestion ID 4: TCP-Friendly Rate Control for Small)
181.2 550 Q -.165(Pa)181.2 563 S(ck).165 E
(ets \(TFRC-SP\)", Internet-Draft draft-\215o)-.11 E
(yd-dccp-ccid4-01.txt, w)-.11 E(ork)-.11 E(in progress, June 2007.)181.2
576 Q 41.866([JCH84] R.K.)98.7 592.6 R(Jain, Dah-Ming Chiu, and W)2.75 E
(illian R. Ha)-.44 E(we, A Quantitati)-.165 E -.165(ve)-.275 G
(Measure of F)181.2 605.6 Q
(airness and Discrimination for Resource Allocation in)-.165 E
(Shared Systems, DEC T)181.2 618.6 Q
(echnical tleport TR-301, Digital Equipment)-.77 E
(Corporation, September 1984.)181.2 631.6 Q 29.634([RFC2581] Allman,)
98.7 648.2 R(M., P)2.75 E(axson, V)-.165 E(., and W)-1.419 E 2.75(.S)
-1.012 G(te)-2.75 E -.165(ve)-.275 G(ns, "TCP Congestion Control",).165
E(RFC 2581, April 1999.)181.2 661.2 Q 29.634([RFC2861] Handle)98.7 677.8
R 1.43 -.715(y, M)-.165 H(., P).715 E(adh)-.165 E(ye, J., and S. Flo)
-.055 E(yd, "TCP Congestion W)-.11 E(indo)-.44 E(w)-.275 E -1.221(Va)
181.2 690.8 S(lidation", RFC 2861, June 2000.)1.221 E -.385(Ko)72 733 S
(hler).385 E 2.75(,e)-.44 G 2.75(ta)-2.75 G 330.349(l. [P)-2.75 F
(age 12])-.165 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 11/Times-Roman@0 SF(INTERNET)72 49 Q 71.587(-DRAFT Expires:)-1.012 F
(January 2008)2.75 E(July 2007)123.726 E 29.634([RFC3390] Allman,)98.7
85 R(M., Flo)2.75 E(yd, S., and C. P)-.11 E(artridge, "Increasing TCP')
-.165 E 2.75(sI)-.605 G(nitial)-2.75 E -.44(Wi)181.2 98 S(ndo).44 E
(w", RFC 3390, October 2002.)-.275 E 29.634([RFC3819] Karn,)98.7 114.6 R
-1.221(P.)2.75 G 2.75(,E)1.221 G(d., Bormann, C., F)-2.75 E
(airhurst, G., Grossman, D., Ludwig, R.,)-.165 E(Mahda)181.2 127.6 Q
(vi, J., Montene)-.22 E(gro, G., T)-.165 E(ouch, J., and L. W)-.88 E
(ood, "Advice for)-.88 E(Internet Subnetw)181.2 140.6 Q
(ork Designers", RFC 3819, July 2004.)-.11 E 29.634([RFC4782] Flo)98.7
157.2 R(yd, S., Allman, M., Jain, A., and P)-.11 E 2.75(.S)-1.221 G
(arolahti, "Quick-Start for TCP)-2.75 E(and IP", RFC 4782, June 2006.)
181.2 170.2 Q 29.634([RFC4828] Flo)98.7 186.8 R(yd, S., and E. K)-.11 E
(ohler)-.385 E 2.75(,")-.44 G(TCP Friendly Rate Control \(TFRC\): the)
-2.75 E(Small-P)181.2 199.8 Q(ack)-.165 E(et \(SP\) V)-.11 E
(ariant", RFC 4828, April 2007.)-1.221 E/F1 11/Times-Bold@0 SF(A.)72
225.8 Q/F2 14/Times-Bold@0 SF -.35(Ap)5.5 G(pendix: Simulations).35 E F0
(This appendix describes a set of initial test case scenarios for simul\
ation analysis of F)93.6 242.4 Q(aster)-.165 E(Restart. The topology wi\
ll be the classic dumb-bell topology used in man)93.6 255.4 Q 2.75(ys)
-.165 G(imulations of)-2.75 E(TCP)93.6 268.4 Q(.)-1.221 E
(Six types of \215o)93.6 285 Q 2.75(wa)-.275 G(re considered:)-2.75 E
12.65<8342>93.6 301.6 S(ulk TCP Flo)-12.65 E(ws.)-.275 E 12.65<8349>93.6
318.2 S(nteracti)-12.65 E .33 -.165(ve \()-.275 H(short\) TCP Flo).165 E
(ws.)-.275 E 12.65<8354>93.6 334.8 S(FRC Flo)-12.65 E(ws.)-.275 E 12.65
<8354>93.6 351.4 S(FRC Flo)-12.65 E(ws that emplo)-.275 E 2.75(yF)-.11 G
(R.)-2.75 E 12.65<8354>93.6 368 S(FRC-SP Flo)-12.65 E(ws.)-.275 E 12.65
<8354>93.6 384.6 S(FRC Flo)-12.65 E(ws that emplo)-.275 E 2.75(yF)-.11 G
2.75(R\()-2.75 G(TFRC-SP\).)-2.75 E(The implications on other \215o)93.6
401.2 Q(ws \(e.g. using UDP\) may be e)-.275 E(xtrapolated from this.)
-.165 E -.165(Fo)93.6 417.8 S 2.75(rt).165 G
(hese simulations, we consider three application-limited rates.)-2.75 E
12.65<8354>93.6 434.4 S
(he \214rst resembles constant bit rate \(CBR\) v)-12.65 E(oice o)-.22 E
-.165(ve)-.165 G 2.75(rI).165 G 2.75(Pw)-2.75 G
(ith a media bit rate of 64 kbps)-2.75 E(\(using pack)110.1 447.4 Q
(ets of size 160 bytes and a nominal transmit rate of 8000Bps\).)-.11 E
12.65<8354>93.6 464 S
(he second resembles constant bit rate \(CBR\) medium quality video o)
-12.65 E -.165(ve)-.165 G 2.75(rI).165 G 2.75(Pw)-2.75 G(ith a)-2.75 E
(media bit rate of 512 kbps \(using pack)110.1 477 Q
(ets of size 1000 bytes and a nominal transmit rate)-.11 E
(of 64000Bps\).)110.1 490 Q 12.65<8354>93.6 506.6 S(he third class uses\
 an unspeci\214ed upper limit on the sending rate, b)-12.65 E(ut e)-.22
E(xperiences)-.165 E(period of idleness.)110.1 519.6 Q
(These are intended to be illustrati)93.6 536.2 Q -.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75
(,r).165 G(ather than e)-2.75 E(xact models of the application beha)
-.165 E(viour)-.22 E(.)-.605 E(The simulations will model the ef)93.6
552.8 Q(fect of an idle period in which the application does not)-.275 E
(attempt to send an)93.6 565.8 Q 2.75(yd)-.165 G
(ata for a period of time, then resumes transmission.)-2.75 E
(In the \214rst case, we shall e)93.6 582.4 Q
(xamine periods of idleness of 1s, 10s, and 30s with a path R)-.165 E
(TT of)-.66 E(50ms, 300ms.)93.6 595.4 Q(The scenarios to be e)93.6 612 Q
(xamined are:)-.165 E 12.65<8350>93.6 628.6 S(erformance of a long-li)
-12.65 E -.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75(d\().165 G -.22(bu)-2.75 G
(lk\) TCP \215o).22 E 2.75(w\()-.275 G
(e.g. FTP\) with TFRC \(with and without)-2.75 E
(FR\): The test scenario w)110.1 641.6 Q(ould in)-.11 E -.22(vo)-.44 G
(lv).22 E 2.75(eas)-.165 G(ingle lar)-2.75 E(ge FTP \215o)-.198 E 2.75
(ww)-.275 G(ith v)-2.75 E(arying number of)-.275 E(CBR \215o)110.1 654.6
Q(ws. Each CBR \215o)-.275 E 2.75(wb)-.275 G
(ecomes idle for 10s and then restarts. The FTP \215o)-2.75 E 2.75(ws)
-.275 G(tarts)-2.75 E(during the idle period. The throughput performanc\
e of the single FTP \215o)110.1 667.6 Q 2.75(ww)-.275 G(ould be)-2.86 E
(plotted for v)110.1 680.6 Q(arying number of CBR \215o)-.275 E
(ws. Simulations w)-.275 E(ould be performed by v)-.11 E(arying)-.275 E
(parameters such as CBR rate and number of silence periods. Does the si\
ngle FTP \215o)110.1 693.6 Q(w)-.275 E -.385(Ko)72 733 S(hler).385 E
2.75(,e)-.44 G 2.75(ta)-2.75 G 330.349(l. [P)-2.75 F(age 13])-.165 E 0
Cg EP
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(January 2008)2.75 E(July 2007)123.726 E(get at least 1/n share of the \
bandwidth, where 'n' is the number of TFRC \215o)110.1 85 Q(ws and the)
-.275 E(single TCP \215o)110.1 98 Q(w? Does the single TCP \215o)-.275 E
2.75(wg)-.275 G(et less share of the bandwidth while)-2.75 E
(competing with FR \215o)110.1 111 Q(ws when compared to TFRC \215o)
-.275 E(ws?)-.275 E 12.65<8346>93.6 127.6 S
(airness test: The test scenario w)-12.815 E(ould in)-.11 E -.22(vo)-.44
G(lv).22 E(ed 'n' number CBR and long li)-.165 E -.165(ve)-.275 G 2.75
(dT).165 G(CP)-2.75 E<8d6f>110.1 140.6 Q(ws. The CBR \215o)-.275 E
(ws become idle for 10s and then restarts. During the silence period,)
-.275 E(the FTP \215o)110.1 153.6 Q(ws arri)-.275 E -.165(ve)-.275 G
2.75(.D).165 G 2.75(oa)-2.75 G(ll \215o)-2.75 E
(ws get atleast 1/n share of the bandwidth? Jain')-.275 E 2.75(sF)-.605
G(airness)-2.915 E(Inde)110.1 166.6 Q 2.75(x[)-.165 G(JCH84] w)-2.75 E
(ould be an appropriate measure.)-.11 E 12.65<8350>93.6 183.2 S
(erformance of small TCP \215o)-12.65 E
(ws \(HTTP\) with TFRC with and without FR: The test)-.275 E(scenario w)
110.1 196.2 Q(ould in)-.11 E -.22(vo)-.44 G(lv).22 E 2.75(eas)-.165 G
(ingle CBR \215o)-2.75 E 2.75(wr)-.275 G
(unning for 50s, becomes ilde between 20s)-2.75 E
(and 30s and then restarts. At 30.s, a number of HTTP \215o)110.1 209.2
Q(ws are started. The min, max)-.275 E
(and median of the request/response time of these HTTP \215o)110.1 222.2
Q(ws w)-.275 E(ould be plotted.)-.11 E(Simulations w)110.1 235.2 Q
(ould be performed by v)-.11 E(arying se)-.275 E -.165(ve)-.275 G
(ral parameters such as CBR rate,).165 E(bottleneck bandwidth, delay an\
d queue size. Do the request/response times of these)110.1 248.2 Q
(HTTP \215o)110.1 261.2 Q(ws dif)-.275 E(fer? If so, by ho)-.275 E 2.75
(wm)-.275 G(uch?)-2.75 E/F1 14/Times-Bold@0 SF -.7(Au)72 287.2 S
(thors' Addr).7 E(esses)-.252 E F0(Eddie K)93.6 303.8 Q(ohler <k)-.385 E
(ohler@cs.ucla.edu>)-.11 E(4531C Boelter Hall)93.6 316.8 Q
(UCLA Computer Science Department)93.6 329.8 Q(Los Angeles, CA 90095)
93.6 342.8 Q(USA)93.6 355.8 Q(Sally Flo)93.6 372.4 Q(yd <\215o)-.11 E
(yd@icir)-.11 E(.or)-.605 E(g>)-.198 E
(ICSI Center for Internet Research)93.6 385.4 Q
(1947 Center Street, Suite 600)93.6 398.4 Q(Berk)93.6 411.4 Q(ele)-.11 E
1.43 -.715(y, C)-.165 H 2.75(A9).715 G(4704)-2.75 E(USA)93.6 424.4 Q
(Arjuna Sathiaseelan <arjuna@er)93.6 441 Q(g.abdn.ac.uk>)-.198 E
(Electronics Research Group)93.6 454 Q(Uni)93.6 467 Q -.165(ve)-.275 G
(rsity of Aberdeen).165 E(Aberdeen)93.6 480 Q(UK)93.6 493 Q -.385(Ko)72
733 S(hler).385 E 2.75(,e)-.44 G 2.75(ta)-2.75 G 330.349(l. [P)-2.75 F
(age 14])-.165 E 0 Cg EP
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(January 2008)2.75 E(July 2007)123.726 E/F1 14/Times-Bold@0 SF
(Full Copyright Statement)72 85 Q F0(Cop)93.6 101.6 Q
(yright \(C\) The IETF T)-.11 E(rust \(2007\).)-.385 E(This document is\
 subject to the rights, licenses and restrictions contained in BCP 78, \
and)93.6 118.2 Q -.165(ex)93.6 131.2 S
(cept as set forth therein, the authors retain all their rights.).165 E
(This document and the information contained herein are pro)93.6 147.8 Q
(vided on an "AS IS" basis and)-.165 E(THE CONTRIB)93.6 160.8 Q(UT)-.11
E(OR, THE ORGANIZA)-.198 E(TION HE/SHE REPRESENTS OR IS)-1.221 E
(SPONSORED BY \(IF ANY\), THE INTERNET SOCIETY)93.6 173.8 Q 2.75(,T)
-1.419 G(HE IETF TR)-2.75 E(UST AND THE)-.44 E(INTERNET ENGINEERING T)
93.6 186.8 Q(ASK FORCE DISCLAIM ALL W)-1.023 E(ARRANTIES, EXPRESS)-1.32
E(OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING B)93.6 199.8 Q(UT NO)-.11 E 2.75(TL)-.44 G
(IMITED T)-2.75 E 2.75(OA)-.198 G(NY W)-2.75 E(ARRANTY THA)-1.32 E 2.75
(TT)-1.221 G(HE)-2.75 E(USE OF THE INFORMA)93.6 212.8 Q
(TION HEREIN WILL NO)-1.221 E 2.75(TI)-.44 G(NFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY)
-2.75 E(IMPLIED W)93.6 225.8 Q(ARRANTIES OF MERCHANT)-1.32 E
(ABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A)-1.023 E -1.012(PA)93.6 238.8 S -.66(RT)1.012
G(ICULAR PURPOSE.).66 E F1(Intellectual Pr)72 264.8 Q(operty)-.252 E F0
(The IETF tak)93.6 281.4 Q(es no position re)-.11 E -.055(ga)-.165 G
(rding the v).055 E(alidity or scope of an)-.275 E 2.75(yI)-.165 G
(ntellectual Property)-2.75 E(Rights or other rights that might be clai\
med to pertain to the implementation or use of the)93.6 294.4 Q
(technology described in this document or the e)93.6 307.4 Q
(xtent to which an)-.165 E 2.75(yl)-.165 G(icense under such rights)
-2.75 E(might or might not be a)93.6 320.4 Q -.275(va)-.22 G
(ilable; nor does it represent that it has made an).275 E 2.75(yi)-.165
G(ndependent ef)-2.75 E(fort)-.275 E(to identify an)93.6 333.4 Q 2.75
(ys)-.165 G(uch rights.)-2.75 E
(Information on the procedures with respect to rights in RFC)5.5 E
(documents can be found in BCP 78 and BCP 79.)93.6 346.4 Q
(Copies of IPR disclosures made to the IETF Secretariat and an)93.6 363
Q 2.75(ya)-.165 G(ssurances of licenses to be)-2.75 E(made a)93.6 376 Q
-.275(va)-.22 G(ilable, or the result of an attempt made to obtain a ge\
neral license or permission for).275 E(the use of such proprietary righ\
ts by implementers or users of this speci\214cation can be)93.6 389 Q
(obtained from the IETF on-line IPR repository at http://www)93.6 402 Q
(.ietf.or)-.715 E(g/ipr)-.198 E(.)-.605 E(The IETF in)93.6 418.6 Q
(vites an)-.44 E 2.75(yi)-.165 G
(nterested party to bring to its attention an)-2.75 E 2.75(yc)-.165 G
(op)-2.75 E(yrights, patents or)-.11 E
(patent applications, or other proprietary rights that may co)93.6 431.6
Q -.165(ve)-.165 G 2.75(rt).165 G(echnology that may be)-2.75 E
(required to implement this standard.)93.6 444.6 Q
(Please address the information to the IETF at ietf-)5.5 E(ipr@ietf.or)
93.6 457.6 Q(g.)-.198 E -.385(Ko)72 733 S(hler).385 E 2.75(,e)-.44 G
2.75(ta)-2.75 G 330.349(l. [P)-2.75 F(age 15])-.165 E 0 Cg EP
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