One document matched: draft-ietf-avtcore-feedback-supression-rtp-11.xml


<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type='text/xsl'
href='http://xml.resource.org/authoring/rfc2629.xslt' ?>
<!DOCTYPE rfc SYSTEM "rfc2629.dtd">
<?rfc toc="yes"?>
<?rfc symrefs="yes"?>
<?rfc compact="yes"?>
<rfc category="std" docName="draft-ietf-avtcore-feedback-supression-rtp-11"
     ipr="trust200902">
  <front>
    <title abbrev="Third Party Loss Report">RTCP Extension for Third-party
    Loss Report</title>

    <author fullname="Qin Wu" initials="Q." surname="Wu">
      <organization>Huawei</organization>

      <address>
        <postal>
          <street>101 Software Avenue, Yuhua District</street>

          <city>Nanjing</city>

          <region>Jiangsu</region>

          <code>210012</code>

          <country>China</country>
        </postal>

        <email>sunseawq@huawei.com</email>
      </address>
    </author>

    <author fullname="Frank Xia" initials="F." surname="Xia">
      <organization>Huawei</organization>

      <address>
        <postal>
          <street>1700 Alma Dr. Suite 500</street>

          <city>Plano</city>

          <region>TX 75075</region>

          <country>USA</country>
        </postal>

        <phone>+1 972-509-5599</phone>

        <email>xiayangsong@huawei.com</email>
      </address>
    </author>

    <author fullname="Roni Even" initials="R." surname="Even">
      <organization>Huawei</organization>

      <address>
        <postal>
          <street>14 David Hamelech</street>

          <region>Tel Aviv 64953</region>

          <country>Israel</country>
        </postal>

        <email>even.roni@huawei.com</email>
      </address>
    </author>

    <date year="2012" />

    <workgroup>Network Working Group</workgroup>

    <abstract>
      <t>In a large RTP session using the RTCP feedback mechanism defined in
      RFC 4585, a feedback target may experience transient overload if some
      event causes a large number of receivers to send feedback at once. This
      overload is usually avoided by ensuring that feedback reports are
      forwarded to all receivers, allowing them to avoid sending duplicate
      feedback reports. However, there are cases where it is not recommended
      to forward feedback reports, and this may allow feedback implosion. This
      memo discusses these cases and defines a new RTCP third-party loss
      report that can be used to inform receivers that the feedback target is
      aware of some loss event, allowing them to suppress feedback. Associated
      SDP signalling is also defined.</t>
    </abstract>
  </front>

  <middle>
    <section title="Introduction">
      <t>RTCP feedback messages <xref target="RFC4585"></xref> allow the
      receivers in an RTP session to report events and ask for action from the
      media source (or a delegated feedback target when using unicast RTCP
      feedback with SSM <xref target="RFC5760"></xref>). There are cases where
      multiple receivers may initiate the same, or an equivalent message
      towards the same media source or the same feedback target. When the
      receiver count is large, this behavior may cause transient overload of
      the media source, the network or both. This is known as a "feedback
      storm" or a "NACK storm". One common cause of such a feedback storm is
      receivers utilizing RTP retransmission <xref target="RFC4588"></xref> as
      a packet loss recovery technique, sending feedback using RTCP NACK
      messages <xref target="RFC4585"></xref> without proper dithering of the
      retransmission requests (e.g., not implementing the RFC 4585 dithering
      rules or sending NACKs to a feedback target that doesn't redistribute
      them to other receivers).</t>

      <t>Another use case involves video Fast Update requests. A storm of
      these feedback messages can occur in conversational multimedia scenarios
      like multipoint video switching conference <xref
      target="RFC4587"></xref>. In this scenario, the receiver may lose
      synchronization with the video stream when speaker is changed in the
      middle of session. Poorly designed receivers that blindly issue fast
      update requests (i.e., Full Intra Request (FIR) described in <xref
      target="RFC5104"></xref>), can cause an implosion of FIR requests from
      receivers to the same media source.</t>

      <t>RTCP feedback storms may cause short term overload, and in extreme
      cases to pose a possible risk of increasing network congestion on the
      control channel (e.g. RTCP feedback), the data channel, or both. It is
      therefore desirable to provide a way of suppressing unneeded feedback.
      This document specifies a new third-party loss report for this function.
      It supplements the existing the use of RTCP NACK packet and further is
      more precise in the uses where the network is active to suppress
      feedback. It tells receivers explicitly that feedback for a particular
      packet or frame loss is not needed for a period of time and can provide
      an early indication before the receiver reacts to the loss and invokes
      its packet loss repair machinery. <xref target="Use"></xref> provides
      some examples of when to send the Third Party Loss Report message.</t>
    </section>

    <section title="Terminology">
      <t>The keywords "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
      "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
      document are to be interpreted as described in <xref
      target="RFC2119"></xref>.</t>
    </section>

    <section title="Protocol Overview">
      <t>This document extends the RTCP feedback messages defined in the
      Audio-Visual Profile with feedback (RTP/AVPF) <xref
      target="RFC4585"></xref> defining a Third Party Loss Report message. The
      Third Party Loss Report message can be used by the intermediaries to
      inform the receiver that the sender of the Third Party Loss Report has
      received reports that the indicated packets were lost, and asks the
      receiver not to send feedback to it regarding these packets.
      Intermediaries are variously referred to as Distribution source,
      Burst/Retransmission Sources (BRS), MCUs, RTP translator, or RTP mixers,
      depending on the precise use case described in section 6.</t>

      <t>RTCP Third Party Loss Report follows the similar format of message
      type as RTCP NACK or Full Intra Request Command. However, the Third
      Party Loss Report is defined as an indication that the sender of the
      feedback has received reports that the indicated packets were lost,
      while NACK <xref target="RFC4585"></xref> just indicates that the sender
      of the NACK observed that these packets were lost. The Third Party Loss
      Report (TPLR) message is generated by an intermediary that may not seen
      the actual packet loss. It is sent following the same timing rule as
      sending NACK defined in <xref target="RFC4585"></xref>. The TPLR
      feedback message may be sent in a regular full compound RTCP packet or
      in an early RTCP packet, as per the RTP/AVPF rules. Intermediaries in
      the network that receive a Third Party Loss Report SHOULD NOT send their
      own additional Third Party Loss Report messages for the same packet
      sequence numbers. They should simply forward the Third Party Loss Report
      message received from upstream direction to the receiver(s),
      additionally, they may generate their own Third Party Loss Report that
      reports a set of the losses they see, which are different from ones
      reported in the Third Party Loss report they received. The Third Party
      Loss Report does not have the retransmission request <xref
      target="RFC4588"></xref> semantics.</t>

      <t>When a receiver gets a Third Party Loss Report message, it should
      follow the rules for NACK suppression in RFC 4585 and refrain from
      sending a feedback request (e.g., NACK or FIR) for the missing packets
      reported in the message,which is dealt with in the same way as receiving
      NACK.</t>

      <t>To increase the robustness to the loss of a TPLR, TPLR may be
      retransmitted. If the additional TPLR arrives at receiver, the receiver
      should deal with the additional TPLR in the same way as receiving the
      first TPLR for the same packet and no additional behavior for receiver
      is required.</t>

      <t>A receiver may have sent a Feedback message according to the RTP/AVPF
      scheduling algorithm of <xref target="RFC4585"></xref> before receiving
      a Third Party Loss Report message, but further feedback messages for
      those sequence numbers SHOULD be suppressed for a period of time after
      receiving the TPLR. Nodes that do not understand the Third Party Loss
      Report message will ignore it, and might therefore still send feedback
      according to the AVPF scheduling algorithm of <xref
      target="RFC4585"></xref>. The media source or intermediate nodes cannot
      be certain that the use of a Third Party Loss Report message actually
      reduces the amount of feedback it receives.</t>
    </section>

    <section anchor="sec4" title="Format of RTCP Feedback Messages">
      <t>This document registers two new RTCP Feedback messages for Third
      Party Loss Report. Applications that are employing one or more loss-
      repair methods MAY use the Third Party Loss Report together with their
      existing loss-repair methods either for every packet they expect to
      receive, or for an application-specific subset of the RTP packets in a
      session. In other words, receivers MAY ignore Third Party Loss Report
      messages, but SHOULD react to them unless they have good reason to still
      send feedback messages despite having been requested to suppress
      them.</t>

      <section title="Transport Layer Feedback:  Third-party Loss Report">
        <t>This Third Party Loss Report message is an extension to the RTCP
        Transport Layer Feedback Report and identified by RTCP packet type
        value PT=RTPFB and FMT=TBD.</t>

        <t>Within the common packet header for feedback messages (as defined
        in section 6.1 of <xref target="RFC4585"></xref>), the "SSRC of packet
        sender" field indicates the source of the request, and the "SSRC of
        media source" denotes the media sender of the flow for which the
        indicated losses are being suppressed.</t>

        <t>The FCI field MUST contain one or more entries of transport layer
        third party loss Early Indication (TLLEI). Each entry applies to the
        same media source identified by the SSRC contained in the SSRC of
        media source field of Feedback header. The length of the TLLEI
        feedback message MUST be set to 2+1*N, where N is the number of FCI
        entries.</t>

        <t>The Feedback Control Information (FCI) for TLLEI uses the similar
        format of message Types defined in the section 6.2.1 of <xref
        target="RFC4585"></xref>. The format is shown in <xref
        target="fig2"></xref>.</t>

        <figure align="center" anchor="fig2"
                title="Syntax of an FCI Entry in the TLLEI Feedback Message">
          <artwork>
     0                   1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |            PID                |             BLP               |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
</artwork>
        </figure>

        <t><list style="hanging">
            <t hangText="Packet ID (PID): 16 bits"><vspace blankLines="1" />
            The PID field is used to specify a lost packet. The PID field
            refers to the RTP sequence number of the lost packet.<vspace
            blankLines="1" /></t>

            <t hangText="bitmask of lost packets (BLP): 16 bits"><vspace
            blankLines="1" /> The BLP allows for reporting losses of any of
            the 16 RTP packets immediately following the RTP packet indicated
            by the PID. The BLP's definition is identical to that given in the
            section 6.2.1 of <xref target="RFC4585"></xref>.<vspace
            blankLines="1" /></t>
          </list></t>
      </section>

      <section title="Payload Specific Feedback: Third-party Loss Report">
        <t>This message is an extension to the RTCP Payload Specific Feedback
        report and identified by RTCP packet type value PT=PSFB and FMT=TBD,
        which is used to suppress FIR <xref target="RFC5104"></xref>and PLI
        <xref target="RFC4585"></xref>.</t>

        <t>Within the common packet header for feedback messages (as defined
        in section 6.1 of <xref target="RFC4585"></xref>), the "SSRC of packet
        sender" field indicates the source of the request, and the "SSRC of
        media source" is not used and SHALL be set to 0. The SSRCs of the
        media senders to which this message applies are in the corresponding
        FCI entries.</t>

        <t>The Feedback Control Information (FCI) for a Payload Specific Third
        Party Loss Early Indication (PSLEI) consists one or more FCI entries.
        Each entry applies to a different media Source, identified by its
        SSRC. the content of which is depicted in Figure 2. The length of the
        PSLEI feedback message MUST be set to 2+1*N, where N is the number of
        FCI entries.</t>

        <t>The format is shown in <xref target="fig3"></xref>.</t>

        <figure align="center" anchor="fig3"
                title="Syntax of an FCI Entry in the PSLEI Feedback Message">
          <artwork>
     0                   1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                              SSRC                             |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
</artwork>
        </figure>

        <t><list style="hanging">
            <t hangText="Synchronization source (SSRC):32 bits"><vspace
            blankLines="1" />The SSRC value of the media source that has
            already been aware the receiver lost synchronization with the
            video stream and signal to the receiver not sending a decoder
            refresh point. <vspace blankLines="1" /></t>
          </list></t>
      </section>
    </section>

    <section title="SDP Signaling">
      <t>The Session Description Protocol (SDP) <xref target="RFC4566"></xref>
      attribute, rtcp-fb, is defined in the Section 4 of <xref
      target="RFC4585"></xref> and may be used to negotiate the capability to
      handle specific AVPF commands and indications. The ABNF for rtcp-fb is
      described in section 4.2 of <xref target="RFC4585"></xref>. In this
      section, we extend the rtcp-fb attribute to include the commands and
      indications that are described for third party loss report in the
      present document.</t>

      <t>In the ABNF <xref target="RFC5234"></xref> for rtcp-fb-val defined in
      <xref target="RFC4585"></xref>, the feedback type "nack", without
      parameters, indicates use of the Generic NACK feedback format as defined
      in Section 6.2.1of <xref target="RFC4585"></xref>. In this document, we
      define two parameters that indicate the third party loss supported for
      use with "nack", namely: <vspace blankLines="1" /><list style="symbols">
          <t>"tllei" denotes support of transport layer third party loss early
          indication.<vspace blankLines="1" /></t>

          <t>"pslei" denotes support of payload specific third party loss
          early indication.</t>
        </list><vspace blankLines="1" />The ABNF for these two parameters for
      "nack" is defined here (please refer to section 4.2 of <xref
      target="RFC4585"></xref> for complete ABNF syntax).</t>

      <figure align="center">
        <artwork>
   rtcp-fb-val        =/ "nack" rtcp-fb-nack-param
   rtcp-fb-nack-param = SP "tllei"
                           ;transport layer third party
                           ; loss early indication
                       / SP "pslei"
                           ;payload specific third party
                           ; loss early indication
                       / SP token [SP byte-string]
                           ; for future commands/indications
   token =     <as defined in section 9 of [RFC4566]>
   byte-string = <as defined in section 4.2 of [RFC4585] >
</artwork>
      </figure>

      <t>Refer to Section 4.2 of <xref target="RFC4585"></xref> for a detailed
      description and the full syntax of the "rtcp-fb" attribute.</t>
    </section>

    <section anchor="Use" title="Example Use Cases">
      <t>The operation of feedback suppression is similar for all types of RTP
      sessions and topologies <xref target="RFC5117"></xref>, however the
      exact messages used and the scenarios in which suppression is employed
      differ for various use cases. The following sections outline some of the
      intended use cases for using the Third Party Loss Report for feedback
      suppression and give an overview of the particular mechanisms.</t>

      <section title="Source Specific Multicast (SSM) use case">
        <t>In SSM RTP sessions as described in "RTP Control Protocol (RTCP)
        Extensions for Single-Source Multicast Sessions with Unicast Feedback"
        <xref target="RFC5760"></xref>, one or more Media Sources send RTP
        packets to a Distribution Source. The Distribution Source relays the
        RTP packets to the receivers using a source- specific multicast
        group.</t>

        <t>As outlined in the <xref target="RFC5760"></xref>, there are two
        Unicast Feedback models that may be used for reporting, the Simple
        Feedback model and the Distribution Source Feedback Summary Model. In
        the simple Feedback Model, there's no need for distribution source to
        create the Third Party Loss Report, instead, NACKs are reflected by
        the distribution source to the other Receivers. However in the
        Distribution Source Feedback Summary model, the distribution source
        will not redistribute the NACK for some reason(e.g., to prevent
        revealing the identity or existence of a system sending NACK)and may
        send a Third Party Loss Report to the systems that were unable to
        receive the NACK, and won't receive the NACK via other means. Since
        the summary feedback does not mandate the forwarding of NACK
        downstream. The Third Party Loss Report can be generated at the
        distribution source when downstream loss is told (e.g., downstream
        loss report is received), which indicates to the receivers that they
        should not transmit feedback messages for the same loss event for a
        certain time. Therefore the distribution source in the feedback
        summary model can be reasonably certain that it will help the
        situation by sending this Third Party Loss Report message to all the
        relevant receivers impacted by the packet loss.</t>
      </section>

      <section title="Unicast based Rapid Acquisition of Multicast Stream (RAMS) use case">
        <t>The typical RAMS architecture <xref target="RFC6285"></xref> may
        have several Burst/ Retransmission Sources(BRS) behind the multicast
        source (MS) placed at the same level. These BRSes will receive the
        primary multicast RTP stream from the media source and cache most
        recent packets after joining multicast session. If packet loss happens
        at the upstream of all the BRSs or the downstream of BRSes. One of the
        BRSes or all the BRSes may send a NACK or TPLR message to the DS,
        where the SSRC in this NACK or TPLR message is the BRS that is sending
        the message. The DS forwards/reflects this message down on the primary
        SSM. The details on how DS deal with this message is specified in
        <xref target="RETRANSMISSION-FOR-SSM"></xref>.</t>
      </section>

      <section title="RTP Transport Translator use case">
        <t>A Transport Translator (Topo-Trn-Translator), as defined in <xref
        target="RFC5117"></xref> is typically forwarding the RTP and RTCP
        traffic between RTP clients, for example converting from multicast to
        unicast for domains that do not support multicast. The translator may
        suffer a loss of important video packets. In this case, the translator
        may forward TPLR message received from upstream in the same way as
        forwarding other RTCP traffic. If the translator acting as the monitor
        <xref target="MONARCH"></xref>is aware of packet loss, it may use the
        SSRC of monitor as packet sender SSRC to create NACK message and send
        it to the receivers that is not aware of packet loss.</t>
      </section>

      <section title="Multipoint Control Unit (MCU) use case">
        <t>When the speaker is changed in a voice-activated multipoint video
        switching conference <xref target="RFC4587"></xref>, an RTP mixer can
        be used to select the available input streams and forward them to each
        participants. If the MCU is doing a blind switch without waiting for a
        synchronization point on the new stream it can send a FIR to the new
        video source. In this case the MCU should send a FIR suppression
        message to the new receivers. e.g., when the RTP Mixer starts to
        receive FIR from some participants it can suppress the remaining
        session participants from sending FIR by sending out a Third party
        Loss report message.</t>
      </section>

      <section title="Mixer use case">
        <t>A Mixer, in accordance with <xref target="RFC5117"></xref>,
        aggregates multiple RTP streams from other session participants and
        generates a new RTP stream sent to the session participants. In some
        cases, the video frames may get badly screwed up between media source
        and the mixer. In such case, the mixer need to check if the packet
        loss will result in PLI or FIR transmissions from most of the group by
        analyzing the received video. If so the mixer may initiate FIR or PLI
        towards the media source on behalf of all the session participants and
        send out a Third party Loss report message to these session
        participants that may or are expected to send a PLI or FIR.
        Alternatively, when the mixer starts to receive FIR or PLI from some
        participants and like to suppress the remaining session participants
        from sending FIR or PLI by forwarding the FIR/PLI from one session
        participant to others.</t>
      </section>
    </section>

    <section title="Security Considerations">
      <t>The defined messages have certain properties that have security
      implications. These must be addressed and taken into account by users of
      this protocol.</t>

      <t>Spoofed or maliciously created feedback messages of the type defined
      in this specification can have the following implications:</t>

      <t>Sending the spurious Third Party Loss Report (e.g., the Third Party
      Loss Report with the wrong sequence number of lost packet) that causes
      missing RTP packets to not be repaired in a timely fashion.</t>

      <t>To prevent these attacks, there is a need to apply authentication and
      integrity protection of the feedback messages. This can be accomplished
      against threats external to the current RTP session using the RTP
      profile that combines Secure RTP <xref target="RFC3711"></xref> and AVPF
      into SAVPF <xref target="RFC5124"></xref>.</t>

      <t>Note that intermediaries that are not visible at the RTP layer that
      wish to send the Third Party Loss Reports on behalf of the media source
      can only do so if they spoof the SSRC of the media source. This is
      difficult in case SRTP is in use. If the intermediary is visible at the
      RTP layer, this is not an issue, provided the intermediary is part of
      the security context for the session.</t>

      <t>Also note that endpoints that receive a Third Party Loss Report would
      be well-advised to ignore it, unless the security is in place to
      authenticate the sender of the Third Party Loss Report. Accepting Third
      Party Loss Report from un-authenticated sender can lead to a denial of
      service attack, where the endpoint accepts poor quality media that could
      be repaired.</t>
    </section>

    <section title="IANA Consideration">
      <t>For use with "nack" <xref target="RFC4585"></xref>, a joint
      sub-registry has been set up that registers the following two
      values:<figure>
          <artwork>   
The value registration for the attribute value "nack":

     Value name:     tllei
     Long name:      Transport Layer Third Party Loss Early Indication
     Usable with:    nack
     Reference:      RFC 4585.

     Value name:     pslei
     Long name:      Payload Specific Third Party
     Usable with:    nack
     Reference:      RFC 4585.
</artwork>
        </figure></t>

      <t>The following value have been registered as one FMT value in the "FMT
      Values for RTPFB Payload Types" registry located at the time of
      publication at: http://www.iana.org/assignments/rtp-parameters <figure>
          <artwork>
   RTPFB range
   Name           Long Name                         Value  Reference
   -------------- --------------------------------- -----  ---------
   TLLEI         Transport Layer Third Party         TBA1   [RFCXXXX]
                 Loss Early Indication
</artwork>
        </figure></t>

      <t>The following value have been registered as one FMT value in the "FMT
      Values for PSFB Payload Types" registry located at the time of
      publication at: http://www.iana.org/assignments/rtp-parameters <figure>
          <artwork>
   PSFB range
   Name           Long Name                             Value  Reference
   -------------- ---------------------------------     ----- ---------
   PSLEI         Payload Specific Third Party           TBA2   [RFCXXXX]
                 Loss Early Indication 
</artwork>
        </figure></t>
    </section>

    <section title="Acknowledgement">
      <t>The authors would like to thank David R Oran, Magnus Westerlund,
      Colin Perkins, Ali C. Begen, Tom VAN CAENEGEM, Ingemar Johansson S, Bill
      Ver Steeg, Jonathan Lennox, WeeSan Lee for their valuable comments and
      suggestions on this document.</t>
    </section>
  </middle>

  <back>
    <references title="Normative References">
      <?rfc include="reference.RFC.5226"?>

      <?rfc include="reference.RFC.2119"?>

      <?rfc include="reference.RFC.4585"?>

      <?rfc include="reference.RFC.4588"?>

      <?rfc include="reference.RFC.4566"?>

      <?rfc include="reference.RFC.5234"?>

      <?rfc include="reference.RFC.5104"?>
    </references>

    <references title="Informative References">
      <reference anchor="RFC5740">
        <front>
          <title>NACK-Oriented Reliable Multicast (NORM) Transport
          Protocol</title>

          <author fullname="Brian Adamson" initials="B." surname="Adamson">
            <organization>Naval Research Laboratory</organization>
          </author>

          <author fullname="Carsten Bormann" initials="C." surname="Bormann">
            <organization>Universitaet Bremen TZI</organization>
          </author>

          <author fullname="Mark Handley " initials="M." surname="Handley">
            <organization>University College London</organization>
          </author>

          <author fullname="Joe Macker" initials="J." surname="Macker">
            <organization>Naval Research Laboratory</organization>
          </author>

          <date month="November" year="2009" />
        </front>
      </reference>

      <reference anchor="RFC6285">
        <front>
          <title>Unicast- Based Rapid Acquisition of Multicast RTP
          Sessions</title>

          <author fullname="Bill Steeg" initials="B." surname="Steeg">
            <organization>Cisco</organization>
          </author>

          <author fullname="Ali Begen" initials="A." surname="Begen">
            <organization>Cisco</organization>
          </author>

          <author fullname="Tom Caenegem" initials="T." surname="Caenegem">
            <organization>Alcatel-Lucent</organization>
          </author>

          <author fullname="Zeev Vax" initials="Z." surname="Vax">
            <organization>Microsoft</organization>
          </author>

          <date month="June" year="2011" />
        </front>
      </reference>

      <reference anchor="MONARCH">
        <front>
          <title>Monitoring Architectures for RTP</title>

          <author fullname="Qin Wu" initials="Q." surname="Wu">
            <organization>Huawei</organization>
          </author>

          <author fullname="Geoff Hunt" initials="G." surname="Hunt">
            <organization>naffiliated</organization>
          </author>

          <author fullname="Philip Arden" initials="P." surname="Arden">
            <organization>BT</organization>
          </author>

          <date month="June" year="2011" />
        </front>
      </reference>

      <reference anchor="RETRANSMISSION-FOR-SSM">
        <front>
          <title>Retransmission for Source-Specific Multicast (SSM)
          Sessions</title>

          <author fullname="Tom Caenegem" initials="T." surname="Caenegem">
            <organization>Alcatel-Lucent</organization>
          </author>

          <author fullname="Bill Steeg" initials="B." surname="Steeg">
            <organization>Cisco</organization>
          </author>

          <author fullname="Ali Begen" initials="A." surname="Begen">
            <organization>Cisco</organization>
          </author>

          <date month="May" year="2011" />
        </front>
      </reference>

      <?rfc include="reference.RFC.5117"?>

      <?rfc include="reference.RFC.4587"?>

      <?rfc include="reference.RFC.5760"?>

      <?rfc include="reference.RFC.5124"?>

      <?rfc include="reference.RFC.3711"?>
    </references>

    <section title="Change Log">
      <t>Note to the RFC-Editor: please remove this section prior to
      publication as an RFC.</t>

      <section title="draft-ietf-avtcore-feedback-suppression-rtp-01">
        <t>The following are the major changes compared to previous version:
        <vspace blankLines="1" /><list style="symbols">
            <t>Remove the merge report from SSM use case and additional text
            to address report merging issue.<vspace blankLines="1" /></t>

            <t>Revise section 3 and section 6 to address FEC packet dealing
            issue and Leave how to repair packet loss beyond the scope.<vspace
            blankLines="1" /></t>

            <t>Modify the SSM use case and RAMS use case to focus on
            uses.<vspace blankLines="1" /></t>

            <t>Other Editorial changes.</t>
          </list></t>
      </section>

      <section title="draft-ietf-avtcore-feedback-suppression-rtp-02">
        <t>The following are the major changes compared to previous version:
        <vspace blankLines="1" /><list style="symbols">
            <t>In Section 4.1, fix typo: Section 4.3.1.1 of section
            [RFC5104]-> section 6.2.1 of [RFC4585].<vspace
            blankLines="1" /></t>

            <t>In Section 3: Clarify how to deal with downstream loss using
            Third party loss report and upstream loss using NACK.<vspace
            blankLines="1" /></t>

            <t>Update title and abstract to focus on third party loss
            report.<vspace blankLines="1" /></t>

            <t>In Section 6.1: Update this section to explain how third party
            loss report is used to deal with downstream loss.<vspace
            blankLines="1" /></t>

            <t>In section 6.1.2: Update this section to explain how third
            party loss report is used to deal with downstream loss.<vspace
            blankLines="1" /></t>

            <t>In section 6.2: Rephrase the text to discuss how BRS deal with
            the third party loss report.</t>
          </list></t>
      </section>

      <section title="draft-ietf-avtcore-feedback-suppression-rtp-03">
        <t>The following are the major changes compared to previous
        version:<vspace blankLines="1" /><list style="symbols">
            <t>In Appendix A, fix typo: Appendix A. Appendix A. -> Appendix
            A.<vspace blankLines="1" /></t>

            <t>Update abstract to clarify when third-party loss reports should
            be sent instead of NACKs.<vspace blankLines="1" /></t>

            <t>Update section 3 Paragraph 2 to differentiate when a
            third-party loss report should be used compared to a NACK.<vspace
            blankLines="1" /></t>

            <t>Update section 3 Paragraph 3 to explain when media source to
            send a third-party loss.<vspace blankLines="1" /></t>

            <t>Move specific rules for section 6.1.1 and section 6.1.2 to
            section 6.1 as generic rules and delete section 6.1.1.</t>
          </list></t>
      </section>

      <section title="draft-ietf-avtcore-feedback-suppression-rtp-04">
        <t>The following are the major changes compared to previous version:
        <list style="symbols">
            <t>Reference Update.<vspace blankLines="1" /></t>

            <t>Clarify the use of the third party loss report in section 3 and
            section 6.1.1.</t>
          </list></t>
      </section>

      <section title="draft-ietf-avtcore-feedback-suppression-rtp-05">
        <t>The following are the major changes compared to previous version:
        <list style="symbols">
            <t>Remove 3rd and 4th paragraphs of section 6.1 and replaced them
            with 2nd and 3rd paragraphs of section 3.<vspace
            blankLines="1" /></t>

            <t>Remove section 6.1.1.1.<vspace blankLines="1" /></t>

            <t>Revise the last paragraph of section 1 to clarify the rationale
            of using new message.<vspace blankLines="1" /></t>

            <t>Update RTP transport translator case in section 6.3 to correct
            the use of the third party loss report.<vspace
            blankLines="1" /></t>

            <t>Update MCU case in section 6.4 to correct the use of the third
            party loss report.<vspace blankLines="1" /></t>

            <t>Revise SSM use case to address multiple DS issue.<vspace
            blankLines="1" /></t>

            <t>References Update.<vspace blankLines="1" /></t>

            <t>Move one rationale on preventing sending unicast NACK in
            introduction section to SSM case section.<vspace
            blankLines="1" /></t>

            <t>Other Editorial changes to section 6.1, 6.1.1, 6.2.</t>
          </list></t>
      </section>

      <section title="draft-ietf-avtcore-feedback-suppression-rtp-06">
        <t>The following are the major changes compared to previous version:
        <vspace blankLines="1" /><list style="symbols">
            <t>A few Editorial changes to the whole document.</t>
          </list></t>
      </section>

      <section title="draft-ietf-avtcore-feedback-suppression-rtp-07">
        <t>The following are the major changes compared to previous version:
        <vspace blankLines="1" /><list style="symbols">
            <t>Restructuring the protocol overview section to clarify the
            round trip time calculation and receiver behavior to the
            additional TPLR.<vspace blankLines="1" /></t>

            <t>Restructuring the SSM use case section to focus on the use of
            TPLR.<vspace blankLines="1" /></t>

            <t>Editorial changes to the abstract, introduction, message
            format, use cases and IANA sections.<vspace blankLines="1" /></t>

            <t>References update</t>
          </list></t>
      </section>

      <section title="draft-ietf-avtcore-feedback-suppression-rtp-08">
        <t>The following are the major changes compared to previous version:
        <vspace blankLines="1" /><list style="symbols">
            <t>Clarify which RTT is used and how timer is refreshed in the
            section 3.<vspace blankLines="1" /></t>

            <t>Editorial changes to the Introduction, Protocol Overview, SDP
            Signaling, Message Format, Use case,Security Consideration and
            IANA sections.<vspace blankLines="1" /></t>

            <t>Remove Seq Nr field in the figure 2 for payload specific
            feedback.<vspace blankLines="1" /></t>

            <t>References reorganizing.</t>
          </list></t>
      </section>

      <section title="draft-ietf-avtcore-feedback-suppression-rtp-09">
        <t>The following are the major changes compared to previous version:
        <vspace blankLines="1" /><list style="symbols">
            <t>Clarify to suppression interval with regard to how long to
            receive the retransmitted packet. Treating TPLR in the same way as
            receiving NACK .Replace timer based approach with timeless based
            approach</t>
          </list></t>
      </section>

      <section title="draft-ietf-avtcore-feedback-suppression-rtp-10">
        <t>The following are the major changes compared to previous version:
        <vspace blankLines="1" /><list style="symbols">
            <t>Fix the definition of Synchronization source for TPLR in
            section 4.2.</t>

            <t>Associate SDP parameters tllei and pslei with “nack”.</t>

            <t>Remove the packet loss recovery from TPLR loss handling
            part.</t>

            <t>Other typo fixed.</t>
          </list></t>
      </section>

      <section title="draft-ietf-avtcore-feedback-suppression-rtp-11">
        <t>The following are the major changes compared to previous version:
        <vspace blankLines="1" /><list style="symbols">
            <t>Additional Editorial changes.</t>
          </list></t>
      </section>
    </section>
  </back>
</rfc>

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