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LMAP Working Group L. Deng
INTERNET-DRAFT China Mobile
Intended Status: Informational R. Huang
Expires: Feburary 4, 2015 Huawei
S. Duan
CATR
July 3, 2014
Use-cases for Collaborative LMAP
draft-deng-lmap-collaboration-01
Abstract
This document discusses the motivation and use-cases for
collaborative LMAP practices, where multiple autonomous measurement
systems collaborate together to help with QoE enhancement by ICPs,
network performance monitory to guide ISP/Regulator coordination
between autonomous network domains and/or regulatory policies and
cross-boundary troubleshooting for complaints from end consumers.
Status of this Memo
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Copyright and License Notice
Copyright (c) 2013 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved.
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Table of Contents
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2 Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3 Motivation for Collaborative LMAP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4 Use-cases for Collaborative LMAP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4.1 QoE-oriented network regulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4.1.1 The current situation of its own region network . . . . 6
4.1.2 The peering performance between ISPs in its own region . 7
4.2 Collaborative measurement for multi-domain ISP network . . . 7
4.3 QoE-oriented performance enhancement by ICP . . . . . . . . 8
4.4 Trouble-shooting initiated by end consumers . . . . . . . . 8
5 Derived Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
5.1 Initiator-Controller exchange for task instruction . . . . . 9
5.2 Reporter-Collector exchange for data aggregation . . . . . . 10
5.3 Initiator-Reporter exchange for output instruction . . . . . 10
6 Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
7 IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
8 Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
9 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
9.1 Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
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1 Introduction
With the rapid development of Internet technology and the increasing
complexity of broadband network architecture, it is quite difficult
to do large scale network measurements due to the lack of the unified
measurement system and cooperative protocols. Therefore, the Large-
Scale Measurement of Broadband Performance (LMAP) working group is
formed to standardize a large scale measurement system for the
performance measurements of all kinds of broadband access methods.
There are 3 types of entities proposed in the LMAP architecture: [I-
D.ietf-lmap-framework]
o Measurement Agents (MAs), implemented in network to perform
measurement tasks;
o Controller, responsible for creating and assigning the measurement
tasks; and
o Collector, in charge of collecting and storing measurement
results.
LMAP's current focus is to specify the information model, the
associated data models, the control protocol for the secure
communication between Controller and MA, and the report protocol for
the secure communication between MA and Collector.
Current LMAP protocols are based on the following assumptions.
o All the involved entities are under the control of a single
organization
o An MA can only be controlled by one controller at any time.
o There is no communication between Controllers, between Collectors,
or between a Controller and a Collector.
However, cross-organization collaborations are increasingly common.
For example, accurate troubleshooting for mobile services usually
involves two or more organizations, and end-to-end performance
measurement may be conducted across multiple ISPs. How to do large
scale performance measurements in these scenarios is still unsolved.
This document discusses the motivation and use-cases for
collaborative LMAP practices, where multiple autonomous measurement
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systems collaborate together to help with QoE enhancement by ICPs,
network performance monitoring to guide ISP/Regulator planning for
network infrastructure and/or regulatory policies and cross-boundary
troubleshooting for SLA complaints from end consumers.
2 Terminology
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119].
The following acronyms are used extensively in this document.
o ICP, Internet Content Provider.
o QoE, Quality of Experience.
o QoS, Quality of Service.
o ISP, Internet Service Provider, or shortly Operator.
o SLA, Service Level Agreement.
o UE, User Equipment.
o MAN, Metro Area Network.
o WAN, Wide Area Network.
The following definitions are borrowed from LMAP framework [I-D.ietf-
lmap-framework], and used to describe the corresponding entities
within a participating LMAP system.
o Controller: A function that receives a Report from a Measurement
Agent.
o Collector: A function that provides a Measurement Agent with its
Instruction.
o Measurement Agent (MA): The function that receives Instruction
Messages from a Controller and operates the Instruction by executing
Measurement Tasks (using protocols outside the initial LMAP work
scope and perhaps in concert with one or more other Measurement
Agents or Measurement Peers) and (if part of the Instruction) by
reporting Measurement Results to a Collector or Collectors.
o Measurement Method: The process for assessing the value of a
Metric; the process of measuring some performance or reliability
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parameter associated with the transfer of traffic; where this process
involves multiple MAs or MPs, each may perform different roles.
o Measurement Task: The action performed by a particular Measurement
Agent that consists of the single assessment of a Metric through
operation of a Measurement Method role at a particular time, with all
of the role's Input Parameters set to specific values.
o Measurement Result: The output of a single Measurement Task (the
value obtained for the parameter of interest or Metric).
The following definitions are used in this document to describe
corresponding entities for a collaborative performance measurement
among multiple LMAP systems.
o Initiator, the instructor for collaborative Measurement Tasks,
potentially on behalf of a regulator, a third party ICPs or an end
consumer.
o Reporter, the reporting party that aggregates partial Measurements
Reports from collaborative LMAP task participants and produces the
ultimate report to the task Initiator.
o Region, a geographical area or administrative domain under the
regulation of a single regulator.
o Domain, a collection of network devices and their interconnections
under the operation of a single administrative entity.
3 Motivation for Collaborative LMAP
End-to-end performance measurement and trouble shooting is important
for solving end user's QoE issues, managing and optimizing the
network of Internet Service Providers, improving service logic and
application design for Internet Content Providers, examining the
status of and guiding future administration of local network
infrastructures for regulators.
From ISP's perspective, given the importance of supporting LMAP for
its own network construction and operation as well as the potential
impact of introducing third-party LMAP MAs into key network entities,
a sensible ISP would prefer to build its own LMAP system based on its
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local network devices.
It is hence expected that the majority of end-to-end performance
measurements will be conducted in a collaborative manner involving
multiple autonomous LMAP systems, for the following reasons:
On one hand, for the regulator, in order to stimulate local network
development, it is necessary to have a clear picture of local ISPs'
peering performance for interworking points as well as their own
network construction. Considering the prohibitive cost of a unified
third-party deployment for LMAP MAs at various interworking points
for a large geographic area, it is expected to be more practical to
make use of ISPs' autonomous LMAP systems for collaboration.
On the other hand, for the ICP or user, it does not help much for
service optimization or trouble shooting if the end-to-end
performance measurement is conducted via a simple client-server model
while treating the network as a black box. In the meantime, for the
purpose of providing more value-added service to the ICPs as well as
subscribers, there is motive for an ISP to open its LMAP system to
some extent and collaborate with the ICP/user in understanding the
bottleneck and exploiting better network servicing for end-to-end
QoE.
4 Use-cases for Collaborative LMAP
The regulator, ISP/ICP and users would hope to conduct collaborative
measurements at the different levels in order to know if the current
network conditions meet the expectations from the regulator policy,
the ISP's resource provision agreement or the ICP's service provision
agreement.
4.1 QoE-oriented network regulation
A regulator is responsible for monitoring the current status and
planning for the future of network construction and operation of its
own region. In order to promote regional network development, the
regulator needs to monitor the status of interconnection between
different ISPs as well as the overall network construction status in
this region.
4.1.1 The current situation of its own region network
Understanding the current situation of its own region network is
necessary for a regulator to form guiding policies for adjusting the
network architecture and planning for network development in the
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future. In order to get a clear picture of a large geographic area,
it is prohibitive for the regulator to deploy a dedicated LMAP system
on its own, while it's necessary to deploy a large number of MAs. For
a small region, the deployment cost is acceptable, but for a large
region, the cost is very expensive and unacceptable. The regulator
usually achieves this goal by means of the ISP's LMAP and the third-
party LMAPs.
Therefore, it is expected that multiple organizations would
simultaneously deploy their dedicated MAs for private LMAP systems
within their network boundary in the same region, and by combining
them together a measurement system can mainly cover the whole
region's network infrastructure. Through collaboration, MAs from
multiple organizations can perform comprehensive measurement for the
whole regional network in great depth, which can reflect the local
network's operational state.
4.1.2 The peering performance between ISPs in its own region
Bad performance of peering links between different ISPs not only has
great impact on ICP services, but also on a local access ISPs relying
on other transit ISPs for internet access. For example, a mobile
operator lacking access to an internet resource will have to pay
expensive interconnections to other operators. The Regulator can
formulate instructive policies to promote information circulation
between ISP networks and solve the user QoE problem by understanding
the interconnection QoS. For the same reason, an ISP/ICP can also
benefit from a more clear understanding of the quality of the
Interconnection.
For example, the data flow for a service request from a mobile
terminal to an ICP first goes through the local ISP access network
and then into the Internet via a third-party ISP network. Similarly,
before entering the ICP's own private data-center, it may traverse
another transit ISP network. As shown in Figure 1, the measurement
can be implemented between ISP#1 MA and ISP#2 MA to understand the
interconnection quality.
UE<=>access ISP<=>transit ISP #1<=>Internet<=>transit ISP #2<=>ICP
Figure 1 Cross-Domain data flow path
4.2 Collaborative measurement for multi-domain ISP network
For a large ISP, it is common practice to divide its global network
into several autonomous domains, each operated and managed by a
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regional branch. It is therefore, very likely that separate LMAP
systems would be deployed into these autonomous domains, resulting in
a call for collaborative measurement scenarios even within the same
ISP's network.
Take the case in China for instance, there are multiple nationwide
ISP networks. Within these ISPs, relatively independent local
branches, separated by physical territorial scope such as the
province, operate their local network which has an autonomous domain
or multiple autonomous domains. Each Provincial branch can deploy its
own LMAP system to monitor its local network states.
4.3 QoE-oriented performance enhancement by ICP
New applications or updated applications with newly-added
functions/features are being pushed to the end user every day, with
an increasing requirement for constant performance optimization based
on realistic network utilization resultant from application dynamics.
It is important to understand the practical performance and impact of
various network segments (e.g. access network, transit network and
Internet) on the end-to-end traffic path. For the design,
experimental and operational phases of a new feature/technology
introduction to an application is also of great importance. However,
it is expensive and non-economic for each ICP to build its own
dedicated LMAP system into various ISPs' networks.
At the same time, with the transition of ISPs' mindset from
subscriber-centered charging for network access to ICP-centered
charging, ISPs are motivated to offer assistance to ICPs' exploration
for better QoE through more efficient usage of network resources
provisioned under the guidance of real-time performance measurements
and optimization to accommodate application dynamics.
With ISPs' cooperation, various network segments are no longer hidden
behind the black box to end-to-end performance measurements. By
combining inputs from both its own end-based LMAP system with ISPs'
measurement data, it is possible for an ICP to identify the
bottleneck of service provision and develop corresponding enhancement
via better guided technology introduction to the application as well
as more targeted SLA negotiation with ISPs.
4.4 Trouble-shooting initiated by end consumers
With the growing influence of broadband access nowadays, more and
more traditional ICPs are extending to the market of home gateways,
as a result of the popularity of intelligent TVs and intelligent
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STBs. The services of end users in their home network are probably
controlled by ICPs which may collaborate with the broadband access
service providers to guarantee users the promised QoE. When
malfunctions influencing user QoE occur in these types of services,
it is necessary to have a mechanism with which the diagnostic
measurement can be launched from the user side and identify the
faulty party.
Generally the home gateway(such as a home WLAN router) is the border
between the ISP network and the home network. The ISP network
includes the access network, MAN and WAN. The home network includes
home gateway, TV, STB, etc.
For a broadband access user who buys a third-party home gateway
device, the typical service access path is shown in Figure 2. The
home network between home gateway and UE is private and is not
controlled by any ISP. However, the user may want to measure the link
quality between the UE and the home gateway, the UE and the access
ISP, or the UE to the ICP, separately. Thus in this scenario, it is
difficult to deploy a single LMAP system which completely covers the
whole path for accurate end-to-end QoE measurements and assists fault
identification.
UE <=>home net<=>home GW<=>access ISP<=>transit ISP<=>Internet<=>ICP
Figure 2 Cross-Domain data traffic from home network to ICP
5 Derived Requirements
This section presents derived requirements for LMAP protocols to
enable the above collaborative use-cases.
In particular, two entities for the general coordination of cross-
organization interactions for collaborative LMAP tasks are
introduced: the Initiator and the Reporter, for cross-domain
measurement task assignment and result aggregation, respectively.
Three protocols for interactions for the newly-introduced entities
and existing LMAP entities are discussed too.
5.1 Initiator-Controller exchange for task instruction
The globally trusted and verifiable Initiator instructs each
participating LMAP Controller with corresponding Measurement Tasks to
be performed within the LMAP system, indicating the corresponding
Reporter, to whom the results of the Measurement Tasks are to be
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submitted. A globally unified identifier may be required for each
collaborative Measurement Task.
5.2 Reporter-Collector exchange for data aggregation
A Collector from each participating LMAP system interacts with the
corresponding Reporter to report local measurement results.
5.3 Initiator-Reporter exchange for output instruction
The Initiator also notifies the Reporter with instructions on how to
create the final measurement report (e.g. data aggregation methods to
be used) as well as the identities of the participating Controllers.
6 Security Considerations
It is assumed that the security issues within a participating LMAP
system can be addressed by its local security mechanisms and out of
scope of this document.
Each participating LMAP system may have its own consideration and policy
regarding its local network and/or subscriber private information. In
performing collaborative task, it is still possible for a Collector to
enforce local protection schemes, e.g. filtering algorithms, onto local
measurement data before submission to the Reporter, hence providing
protection to sensitive information for both the subscriber and the
network operator.
It is important for a participating LMAP system to be able to
authenticate the Initiator and the Reporter for a given collaborative
Measurement Task, provide differentiated service provision according to
its local policies (e.g. flexible authorization based on the Initiator's
identity, the type of Measurement Task, Measurement Method, frequency,
etc.), and protect itself from service abuse of malicious Initiators or
information leakage to malicious Reporters.
A task/data verification scheme is needed for the Reporter to exclude
un-authorized or non-intended Collectors from tampering the measurement
report or blocking the Reporter from proper functioning with
corrupted/forged/replayed local reports.
7 IANA Considerations
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There is no IANA action in this document.
8 Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank Charles Cook for his valuable comments
and input to this document.
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9 References
9.1 Normative References
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
[I-D.ietf-lmap-framework] Eardley, P., Morton, A., Bagnulo, M.,
Burbridge, T., Aitken, P., and A. Akhter, "A framework for
large-scale measurement platforms (LMAP)", draft-ietf-
lmap-framework-06 (work in progress), June 2014.
[I-D.ietf-lmap-information-model] Burbridge, T., Eardley, P.,
Bagnulo, M., and J. Schoenwaelder, "Information Model for
Large-Scale Measurement Platforms (LMAP)", draft-ietf-
lmap-information-model-00 (work in progress), February
2014.
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Authors' Addresses
Lingli Deng
China Mobile
Email: denglingli@chinamobile.com
Rachel Huang
Huawei
Email: rachel.huang@huawei.com
Shihui Duan
China Academy of Telecommunication Research of MIIT
Email: duanshihui@catr.cn
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