One document matched: draft-burger-sipping-kpml-02.txt
Differences from draft-burger-sipping-kpml-01.txt
SIPPING E. Burger
Internet-Draft SnowShore Networks, Inc.
Expires: December 29, 2003 June 30, 2003
Keypad Markup Language (KPML)
draft-burger-sipping-kpml-02
Status of this Memo
This document is an Internet-Draft and is in full conformance with
all provisions of Section 10 of RFC2026.
Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note that other
groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts.
Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at http://
www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt.
The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at
http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html.
This Internet-Draft will expire on December 29, 2003.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2003). All Rights Reserved.
Abstract
Keypad Markup Language (KPML) is a markup language used in
conjunction with SIP and HTTP to provide instructions to SIP User
Agents for the reporting of user key presses.
Conventions used in this document
RFC2119 [1] provides the interpretations for the key words "MUST",
"MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT",
"RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" found in this document.
In the narrative discussion, the "user device" is a User Agent that
will report stimulus. An "application" is a User Agent requesting
the user device to report stimulus. The "user" is an entity that
Burger Expires December 29, 2003 [Page 1]
Internet-Draft KPML June 2003
stimulates the user device. In English, the user device is a phone,
the application is an application server or proxy server, and the
user presses keys to generate stimulus.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2. KPML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3. Digit Suppression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4. HTTP Reporting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
5. SIP Reporting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
6. Mixing HTTP and SIP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
7. Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
7.1 Monitoring for Octorhorpe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
7.2 Dial String Collection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
7.3 Interactive Digit Collection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
7.4 SIP Request . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
8. Report Body . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
9. Formal Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
10. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
10.1 IANA Registration of MIME media type application/kpml+xml . 19
10.2 Schema Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
11. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Author's Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
A. Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
B. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Intellectual Property and Copyright Statements . . . . . . . 25
Burger Expires December 29, 2003 [Page 2]
Internet-Draft KPML June 2003
1. Introduction
This document describes the Keypad Markup Language, KPML. KPML is a
markup [7] that enables "dumb phones" to report on basic user
key-press interactions.
This document refers to a "dumb phone" as a user device that does not
have a display. Otherwise, it is actually a rather smart device.
Most KPML implementations require the user device to be an http [2]
client and interpret KPML markup.
We strongly discourage the use of non-validating XML parsers, as one
can expect problems with future versions of KPML. That said, one
could envision user devices that only accept SIP reporting and have a
fixed parser, rather than a full XML parser. This means that KPML
can fit in to an extremely small memory and processing footprint.
Note KPML has a corresponding lack of functionality. For those
applications that require more functionality, please refer to
VoiceXML [8] and MSCML [9].
The name of the markup, KPML, reflects its legacy support role. The
public switched telephony network (PSTN) accomplished end-to-end
signaling by transporting Dual-Tone, Multi-Frequency (DTMF) tones in
the bearer channel. This is in-band signaling.
NOTE: The spelunking community already took the name KML for their
cave data base interchange format.
From the point of view of an application being signaled, what is
important is the fact the stimulus occurred, not the tones used to
transport the stimulus. For example, an application may ask the
caller to press the "1" key. What the application cares about is the
key press, not that there were two cosine waves at 697 Hz and 1209 Hz
transmitted.
A SIP-signaled [3] network transports end-to-end signaling with
RFC2833 [10] packets. In RFC2833, the signaling application inserts
RFC2833 named signal packets instead of generating tones. The
receiving application gets the signal information, which is what it
wanted in the first place.
RFC2833 is the only method that can correlate the time the end user
pressed a digit with the user's media. However, out-of-band
signaling methods, as are appropriate for user device to application
signaling, do not need millisecond accuracy. On the other hand, they
do need reliability, which RFC2833 does not provide.
An interested application could request notifications of every key
Burger Expires December 29, 2003 [Page 3]
Internet-Draft KPML June 2003
press. However, many of the use cases for such signaling has the
application interested in only one or a few keystrokes. Thus we need
a mechanism for specifying to the user device what stimulus the
application would like notification of.
Burger Expires December 29, 2003 [Page 4]
Internet-Draft KPML June 2003
2. KPML
KPML is a stateless, declarative markup. A KPML document contains a
<pattern> tag with a series of <regex> tags. The <regex> tag has a
value attribute that is a H.248.1 [4] digit map.
NOTE: We use RFC3525 digit maps instead of MGCP [11] digit maps
because the former is an IETF standard and the latter is not.
NOTE: We do not use SRGS [12] DTMF grammars because it is unlikely
one would use KPML for independent digit collection in a browser
context.
Interface attributes, such as the interdigit timeout and what
constitutes a long key press, are implementation matters beyond the
scope of this document.
For many applications, the user device needs to quarantine (buffer)
digits. Some applications use modal interfaces where the first few
key presses determine what the following digits mean. For a novice
user, the application may play a prompt describing what mode the
application is in. However, "power users" often barge through the
prompt.
KPML provides a barge attribute to the <pattern> tag. The default is
"barge=yes". Enabling barge means that the user device buffers
digits and applies them immediately when the next KPML document
arrives. Disabling barge by specifying "barge=no" means the user
device flushes any collected digits before collecting more digits and
comparing them against the <pattern> tags.
NOTE: Quarantine and barge are separate actions. However, the
barge action directly determines the quarantine action. Thus KPML
only specifies the barge action request.
If the user presses a key not matched by the <regex> tags, the user
device discards the key press from consideration against the current
or future KPML documents. However, as described above, once there is
a match, the user device quarantines any keys the user enters
subsequent to the match.
KPML documents are independent. Thus it is not possible for the
current document to know if a following document will enable barging
or want the digits flushed. Therefore, the user device MUST
quarantine all digits detected between the time of the report (http
POST or SIP NOTIFY) and the interpretation of the next script, if
any. If the next script has "barge=no", then the interpreter MUST
flush all collected digits. If the next script has "barge=yes", then
Burger Expires December 29, 2003 [Page 5]
Internet-Draft KPML June 2003
the interpreter MUST apply the collected digits against the digit
maps presented by the script's <regex> tags. If there is a match,
the interpreter MUST quarantine the remaining digits. If there is no
match, the interpreter MUST flush all of the collected digits.
Unless there is a suppress indicator in the digit map, it is not
possible to know if the signaled digits are for local KPML processing
or for other recipients of the media stream. Thus, in the absence of
a digit suppression indicator, the user device transmits the digits
to the far end in real time, using either RFC2833, generating the
appropriate tones, or both.
The following section details the operation of the suppress
indicator.
Burger Expires December 29, 2003 [Page 6]
Internet-Draft KPML June 2003
3. Digit Suppression
Under basic operation, a KPML endpoint will transmit in-band tones
(RFC2833 [10] or actual tone) in parallel with digit reporting.
NOTE: If KPML did not have this behavior, then a user device
executing KPML could easily break called applications. For
example, take a personal assistant that uses "*9" for attention.
If the user presses the "*" key, KPML will hold the digit, looking
for the "9". What if the user just enters a "*" key, possibly
because they accessed an IVR system that looks for "*"? In this
case, the "*" would get held by the user device, because it is
looking for the "*9" pattern. The user would probably press the
"*" key again, hoping that the called IVR system just did not hear
the key press. At that point, the user device would send both "*"
entries, as "**" does not match "*9". However, that would not
have the effect the user intended when they pressed "*".
On the other hand, there are situations where passing through tones
in-band is not desirable. Such situations include call centers that
use in-band tone spills to effect a transfer.
For those situations, KPML adds a digit suppression token to H.248.1
[4] digit maps. The digit suppression token is a "Q". There MUST
NOT be more than one Q in any given <regex>.
If there is only a single <pattern> and a single <regex>, the
suppression processing is straightforward. The end-point passes
digits until the stream matches the regular expression up to the
suppression token, Q. At that point, the endpoint will continue
collecting digits, but will suppress the generation or pass-through
of any in-band digits.
If the endpoint suppresses digits, it MUST indicate this by including
the attribute "suppressed" with a value of "yes" in the digit report.
A KPML endpoint MAY perform digit suppression. If it is not capable
of digit suppression, it ignores the digit suppression token and will
never send a suppressed indication in the digit report.
At some point in time, the endpoint will collect enough digits to the
point it hits a suppression marker. The interdigittimer attribute
indicates how long to wait once the user enters digits before
reporting a time-out error. If the interdigittimer expires, the
endpoint MUST issue a time-out report and transmit the suppressed
digits on the media stream.
After digit suppression begins, it may become clear that a match will
Burger Expires December 29, 2003 [Page 7]
Internet-Draft KPML June 2003
not occur. For example, take the regular expression
"*8Qxxx[2-9]xxxxxx". At the point the endpoint receives "*8", it
will stop forwarding digits. Let us say that the next three digits
are "408". If the next digit is a zero or one, the pattern will not
match.
NOTE: It is critically important for the endpoint to have a
sensible inter-digit timer. This is because an errant dot (".")
may suppress digit sending forever.
Applications should be very careful to indicate suppression only when
they are fairly sure the user will enter a digit string that will
match the regular expression. In addition, applications should deal
with situations such as no-match or time-out. This is because the
endpoint will hold digits, which will have obvious user interface
issues in the case of a failure.
Burger Expires December 29, 2003 [Page 8]
Internet-Draft KPML June 2003
4. HTTP Reporting
For HTTP reporting, each <regex> tag in the markup has an href
attribute. When the user enters keypress(es) that match a <regex>
tag, the user device issues an http POST to the URI specified by the
href. The body of the POST is a report of the actual digits entered.
This is so the user device can indicate what digit string matched a
pattern with wildcards.
If the resulting document returned by the http POST is empty, the
user device terminates the KPML session.
NOTE: This is different than the behavior for VoiceXML as
described in Basic Network Media Services with SIP [13], where an
empty document results in the termination of the session.
If the KPML document includes "sip:" or "im:" href targets, and the
KPML interpreter does not support SIP Reporting, the KPML interpreter
MUST reject the document in its entirety at interpretation time with
the appropriate SIP error as described in ????.
EDITOR'S NOTE: draft-jennings-sip-app-info-00.txt should cover
document rejection. It does not right now. KPML does not address
document rejection, other than the criteria for rejection. This
draft focuses on KPML, not on the initiation mechanism.
Burger Expires December 29, 2003 [Page 9]
Internet-Draft KPML June 2003
5. SIP Reporting
For SIP reporting, the href attribute of the <regex> tag MUST be a
SIP compatible scheme, such as "sip:", "sips:", or "im:". When the
user enters keypress(es) that match a <regex> tag, the user device
will issue a SIP MESSAGE to the Request-URI specified by the href
attribute. RFC3428 [14] describes the protocol machinery for the
MESSAGE method.
NOTE: What MESSAGE has over INFO is some sense of congestion
control. What MESSAGE has over NOTIFY is there are no implicit
subscription issues.
A KPML interpreter cannot validate the href URI. See the Security
Considerations (Section 11) section.
The reason one must specify a sip: scheme, and not simply make
href optional, is to catch a HTTP-based script error where one
forgets to specify the href tag. If href was optional, then this
error would result in the user device generating a SIP NOTIFY,
which would not be the desired action.
The specification of any scheme-specific part, that is, anything
following the colon in "sip:", is an error. The interpreter MUST
reject the request.
After reporting a SIP <regex>, the interpreter terminates the KPML
session. To collect more digits, the requestor must issue a
re-INVITE on the dialog.
NOTE: This highlights the "one shot" nature of KPML, reflecting
the balance of features and ease of implementing an interpreter.
If your goal is to build an IVR session, we strongly suggest you
investigate more appropriate technologies such as VoiceXML [8] or
MSCML [9].
If the KPML document includes "http:" href targets, and the KPML
interpreter does not support HTTP Reporting, the KPML interpreter
MUST reject the document in its entirety at interpretation time with
the appropriate SIP error as described in ?????.
NOTE: draft-jennings-sip-app-info-00.txt should cover document
rejection. It does not right now. This draft should not address
document rejection, other than the criteria for rejection. This
draft focuses on KPML, not on the initiation mechanism.
Burger Expires December 29, 2003 [Page 10]
Internet-Draft KPML June 2003
6. Mixing HTTP and SIP
NOTE: So, now that Pandora's Box is open...
There is nothing to prevent mixing SIP and HTTP reporting requests in
the same KPML document. While this may be a benefit, it has definite
drawbacks.
The major drawback is that one cannot negotiate SIP-ness or
HTTP-ness. As far as the endpoints are concerned it is all KPML.
One could use "application/KPML+SIP+XML" and "application/
KPML+HTTP+XML", but that is pretty ugly.
Burger Expires December 29, 2003 [Page 11]
Internet-Draft KPML June 2003
7. Examples
7.1 Monitoring for Octorhorpe
A common need for pre-paid and personal assistant applications is to
monitor a conversation for a signal indicating a change in user focus
from the party they called through the application to the application
itself. For example, if you call a party using a pre-paid calling
card and the party you call redirects you to voice mail, digits you
press are for the voice mail system. However, many applications have
a special key sequence, such as the octothorpe (#, or pound sign) or
*9 that terminate the called party leg and shift the user's focus to
the application.
The following figure shows the KPML for long octothorpe. Note that
the href is really on one line, but divided for clarity.
<?xml version="1.0">
<kpml version="1.0">
<request>
<pattern>
<regex value="ZF"
href="http://app.example.net/cgi-bin/prepaid? \
session=19fsjcalksd&keypress=long-pound" />
</pattern>
</request>
</kpml>
Figure 1 - Long Octothorpe Example
In this example, the parameter "session=19fsjcalksd" associates the
http POST with the SIP call session. One can use other methods to
associate the POST with a SIP call. The following examples will show
these various methods.
The regex value Z indicates the following digit needs to be a
long-duration key press. F, from the H.248.1 DTMF package, is the
octothorpe key. In fact, KPML supports all digits, 1-9, *, #, A-D
from the H.248 DTMF.1 package.
7.2 Dial String Collection
In this example, the user device collects a dial string. The
application uses KPML to quickly determine when the user enters a
target number. In addition, KPML indicates what type of number the
user entered.
<?xml version="1.0">
Burger Expires December 29, 2003 [Page 12]
Internet-Draft KPML June 2003
<kpml version="1.0">
<request>
<pattern>
<regex value="0"
href="http://app.carrier.net/pp/12?local-operator/>
<regex value="00"
href="http://app.carrier.net/pp/12?ld-operator/>
<regex value="7xxx"
href="http://app.carrier.net/pp/12?vpn/>
<regex value="9xxxxxxx"
href="http://app.carrier.net/pp/12?local-number7/>
<regex value="9xxxxxxxxxx"
href="http://app.carrier.net/pp/12?local-number10/>
<regex value="91xxxxxxxxxx"
href="http://app.carrier.net/pp/12?ddd/>
<regex value="011x."
href="http://app.carrier.net/pp/12?iddd/>
</pattern>
</request>
</kpml>
Figure 4 - Dial String KPML Example Code
As before, the targets of the href's are opaque to KPML. Here the
href's indicate the type of dial string, such as direct dial (ddd) or
international direct dial (iddd).
7.3 Interactive Digit Collection
This is an example where one would probably be better off using a
full scripting language such as VoiceXML [8] or MSCML [9] or a device
control language such as H.248.1 [4].
In this example, an application requests the user device to send the
user's signaling directly to the platform in HTTP, rather than
monitoring the entire RTP stream. Figure 5 shows a voice mail menu,
where presumably the application played a "Press K to keep the
message, R to replay the message, and D to delete the message"
prompt. In addition, the application does not want the user to be
able to barge the prompt.
<?xml version="1.0">
<kpml version="1.0">
<request>
<pattern barge=off>
<regex value="5"
href="http://app.example.net/vm/sess$9awj08asd7?keep" />
<regex value="7"
Burger Expires December 29, 2003 [Page 13]
Internet-Draft KPML June 2003
href="http://app.example.net/vm/sess$9awj08asd7?replay" />
<regex value="3"
href="http://app.example.net/vm/sess$9awj08asd7?delete" />
</pattern>
</request>
</kpml>
Figure 5 - IVR KPML Example Code
The target of the http post, "sess$9aej08asd7", identifies the SIP
session.
NOTE: It is unclear if this usage of KPML is better than using a
device control protocol like H.248.1. From the application's
point of view, it has to do the low-level prompt-collect logic.
Granted, it is relatively easy to change the key mappings for a
given menu. However, often more of the call flow than a given
menu mapping gets changed. Thus there would be little value in
such a mapping to KPML. We STRONGLY suggest using a real
scripting language such as VoiceXML or MSCML for this purpose.
7.4 SIP Request
For example, the following figure is the example from Figure 1, but
with SIP NOTIFY reporting.
<?xml version="1.0">
<kpml version="1.0">
<request>
<pattern>
<regex value="ZF"
href="sip:" />
</pattern>
</request>
</kpml>
Figure 6 - Long Octothorpe Example
The response body is identical to the response that Figure 1 would
generate.
Burger Expires December 29, 2003 [Page 14]
Internet-Draft KPML June 2003
8. Report Body
For HTTP or SIP responses, the body of the response from the user
device is a KPML response form.
The <response> tag has an attribute, "digits". The digits attribute
is the digit string. The digit string uses the conventional
characters '*' and '#' for star and octothorpe respectively.
Figure 7 shows a sample response body to the example in the Dial
String Collection (Section 7.2) section.
<?xml version="1.0">
<kpml version="1.0">
<response digits="0113224321234"/>
</kpml>
Figure 7 - Response Body
NOTE: KPML does not include a timestamp. There are a number of
reasons for this. First, what timestamp would in include? Would
it be the time of the first detected keypress? The time the
interpreter collected the entire string? A range? Second, if the
RTP timestamp is a datum of interest, why not simply get RTP in
the first place? That all said, if it is really compelling to
have the timestamp in the response, it could be an attribute to
the <response> tag.
Burger Expires December 29, 2003 [Page 15]
Internet-Draft KPML June 2003
9. Formal Syntax
The following syntax specification uses the augmented Data Type
Definition (DTD) as described in XML [7].
<!ELEMENT kpml (request | response)>
<!ATTLIST kpml version (1.0) #REQUIRED>
<!ELEMENT request (pattern)>
<!ELEMENT pattern (regex)>
<!ATTLIST pattern
barge (yes | no) "yes"
interdigittimer CDATA #IMPLIED
>
<!ELEMENT regex EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST regex
value CDATA #IMPLIED
href CDATA #REQUIRED>
<!ELEMENT response EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST response
code CDATA #REQUIRED
text CDATA #REQUIRED
digits CDATA #IMPLIED>
Figure 8 - KPML DTD
And, if you prefer XML Schema [5], here it is.
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
elementFormDefault="qualified">
<xs:element name="href">
<xs:complexType/>
</xs:element>
<xs:element name="kpml">
<xs:complexType>
<xs:choice>
<xs:element ref="request"/>
<xs:element ref="response"/>
</xs:choice>
<xs:attribute name="version" use="required">
<xs:simpleType>
<xs:restriction base="xs:NMTOKEN">
<xs:enumeration value="1.0"/>
</xs:restriction>
Burger Expires December 29, 2003 [Page 16]
Internet-Draft KPML June 2003
</xs:simpleType>
</xs:attribute>
</xs:complexType>
</xs:element>
<xs:element name="pattern">
<xs:complexType>
<xs:sequence>
<xs:element ref="regex"/>
</xs:sequence>
<xs:attribute name="barge" default="yes">
<xs:simpleType>
<xs:restriction base="xs:NMTOKEN">
<xs:enumeration value="yes"/>
<xs:enumeration value="no"/>
</xs:restriction>
</xs:simpleType>
</xs:attribute>
<xs:attribute name="interdigittimer" type="xs:string"/>
</xs:complexType>
</xs:element>
<xs:element name="regex">
<xs:complexType>
<xs:choice>
<xs:element ref="value"/>
<xs:element ref="href"/>
</xs:choice>
<xs:attribute name="value" type="xs:string"/>
<xs:attribute name="href" type="xs:string" use="required"/>
</xs:complexType>
</xs:element>
<xs:element name="request">
<xs:complexType>
<xs:sequence>
<xs:element ref="pattern"/>
</xs:sequence>
</xs:complexType>
</xs:element>
<xs:element name="response">
<xs:complexType>
<xs:attribute name="code" type="xs:string" use="required"/>
<xs:attribute name="text" type="xs:string" use="required"/>
<xs:attribute name="digits" type="xs:string"/>
</xs:complexType>
</xs:element>
<xs:element name="value">
<xs:complexType/>
</xs:element>
</xs:schema>
Burger Expires December 29, 2003 [Page 17]
Internet-Draft KPML June 2003
Figure 9 - XML Schema for KPML
Burger Expires December 29, 2003 [Page 18]
Internet-Draft KPML June 2003
10. IANA Considerations
10.1 IANA Registration of MIME media type application/kpml+xml
MIME media type name: application
MIME subtype name: kpml+xml
Required parameters: none
Optional parameters: charset
charset This parameter has identical semantics to the charset
parameter of the "application/xml" media type as specified in
XML Media Types [6].
Encoding considerations: See RFC3023 [6].
Interoperability considerations: See RFC2023 [6] and this document.
Published specification: This document.
Applications which use this media type: Session-oriented applications
that have primitive user interfaces.
Intended usage: COMMON
10.2 Schema Registration
We really need a place to register the XML Schema. Where would that
be?
Burger Expires December 29, 2003 [Page 19]
Internet-Draft KPML June 2003
11. Security Considerations
Since a KPML document directs a device to send results to an
arbitrary URI, one could construct distributed denial of service
attacks. For example, an errant application might send out KPML to
numerous endpoints, all reporting to a single, unrelated href. Thus
the policies for accepting KPML, such as access control lists ("only
accept KPML from these hosts"), report limiting lists ("only send
KPML responses to these hosts"), and other protections must be well
thought out.
At the very least, the session startup protocol SHOULD be
non-repudiable and secure.
KPML presents no further security issues beyond the startup issues
addressed in the companion documents to this document.
As an XML markup, all of the security considerations of RFC3023 [6]
apply.
Burger Expires December 29, 2003 [Page 20]
Internet-Draft KPML June 2003
Normative References
[1] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement
Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
[2] Fielding, R., Gettys, J., Mogul, J., Nielsen, H., Masinter, L.,
Leach, P. and T. Berners-Lee, "Hypertext Transfer Protocol --
HTTP/1.1", RFC 2616, June 1999.
[3] Rosenberg, J., Schulzrinne, H., Camarillo, G., Johnston, A.,
Peterson, J., Sparks, R., Handley, M. and E. Schooler, "SIP:
Session Initiation Protocol", RFC 3261, June 2002.
[4] Groves, C., Pantaleo, M., Anderson, T. and T. Taylor, "Gateway
Control Protocol Version 1", RFC 3525, June 2003.
[5] Thompson, H., Beech, D., Maloney, M. and N. Mendelsohn, "XML
Schema Part 1: Structures", W3C REC REC-xmlschema-1-20010502,
May 2001.
[6] Murata, M., St. Laurent, S. and D. Kohn, "XML Media Types", RFC
3023, January 2001.
Burger Expires December 29, 2003 [Page 21]
Internet-Draft KPML June 2003
Informative References
[7] Bray, T., Paoli, J., Sperberg-McQueen, C. and E. Maler,
"Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 (Second Edition)", W3C
REC REC-xml-20001006, October 2000.
[8] World Wide Web Consortium, "Voice Extensible Markup Language
(VoiceXML) Version 2.0", W3C Working Draft , April 2002,
<http://www.w3.org/TR/voicexml20/>.
[9] Burger, E., Van Dyke, J. and A. Spitzer, "SnowShore Media
Server Control Markup Language and Protocol",
draft-vandyke-mscml-00 (work in progress), November 2002.
[10] Schulzrinne, H. and S. Petrack, "RTP Payload for DTMF Digits,
Telephony Tones and Telephony Signals", RFC 2833, May 2000.
[11] Andreasen, F. and B. Foster, "Media Gateway Control Protocol
(MGCP) Version 1.0", RFC 3435, January 2003.
[12] Hunt, A. and S. McGlashan, "Speech Recognition Grammar
Specification Version 1.0", W3C CR CR-speech-grammar-20020626,
June 2002.
[13] Van Dyke, J., Burger (Ed.), E. and A. Spitzer, "Basic Network
Media Services with SIP", January 2003.
[14] Campbell, B., Rosenberg, J., Schulzrinne, H., Huitema, C. and
D. Gurle, "Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Extension for
Instant Messaging", RFC 3428, December 2002.
[15] Schulzrinne, H., Casner, S., Frederick, R. and V. Jacobson,
"RTP: A Transport Protocol for Real-Time Applications", RFC
1889, January 1996.
Author's Address
Eric Burger
SnowShore Networks, Inc.
285 Billerica Rd.
Chelmsford, MA 01824-4120
USA
EMail: e.burger@ieee.org
Burger Expires December 29, 2003 [Page 22]
Internet-Draft KPML June 2003
Appendix A. Contributors
Robert Fairlie-Cuninghame, Cullen Jennings, Jonathan Rosenberg, and I
were the members of the Application Stimulus Signaling Design Team.
All members of the team contributed significantly to this work. In
addition, Jonathan Rosenberg postulated DML in his "A Framework for
Stimulus Signaling in SIP Using Markup" draft.
This version of KPML has significant influence from MSCML, the
SnowShore Media Server Control Markup Language. Jeff Van Dyke and
Andy Spitzer were the primary contributors to that effort.
That said, any errors, misinterpretation, or fouls in this document
are my own.
Burger Expires December 29, 2003 [Page 23]
Internet-Draft KPML June 2003
Appendix B. Acknowledgements
Hal Purdy and Eric Cheung of AT&T Laboratories helped immensely
through many conversations and challenges.
Steve Fisher of AT&T Laboratories helped with the digit suppression
logic and syntax.
Burger Expires December 29, 2003 [Page 24]
Internet-Draft KPML June 2003
Intellectual Property Statement
The IETF takes no position regarding the validity or scope of any
intellectual property or other rights that might be claimed to
pertain to the implementation or use of the technology described in
this document or the extent to which any license under such rights
might or might not be available; neither does it represent that it
has made any effort to identify any such rights. Information on the
IETF's procedures with respect to rights in standards-track and
standards-related documentation can be found in BCP-11. Copies of
claims of rights made available for publication and any assurances of
licenses to be made available, or the result of an attempt made to
obtain a general license or permission for the use of such
proprietary rights by implementors or users of this specification can
be obtained from the IETF Secretariat.
The IETF invites any interested party to bring to its attention any
copyrights, patents or patent applications, or other proprietary
rights which may cover technology that may be required to practice
this standard. Please address the information to the IETF Executive
Director.
Full Copyright Statement
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2003). All Rights Reserved.
This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to
others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it
or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published
and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any
kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are
included on all such copies and derivative works. However, this
document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing
the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other
Internet organizations, except as needed for the purpose of
developing Internet standards in which case the procedures for
copyrights defined in the Internet Standards process must be
followed, or as required to translate it into languages other than
English.
The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be
revoked by the Internet Society or its successors or assignees.
This document and the information contained herein is provided on an
"AS IS" basis and THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING
TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING
BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION
Burger Expires December 29, 2003 [Page 25]
Internet-Draft KPML June 2003
HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
Acknowledgment
Funding for the RFC Editor function is currently provided by the
Internet Society.
Burger Expires December 29, 2003 [Page 26]
| PAFTECH AB 2003-2026 | 2026-04-23 04:17:33 |