One document matched: draft-becker-core-coap-sms-gprs-00.xml


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<rfc category="info" docName="draft-becker-core-coap-sms-gprs-00" ipr="trust200902">
  <!-- category values: std, bcp, info, exp, and historic
     ipr values: full3667, noModification3667, noDerivatives3667
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  <!-- ***** FRONT MATTER ***** -->

  <front>
    <!-- The abbreviated title is used in the page header - it is only necessary if the
         full title is longer than 39 characters -->

    <title abbrev="CoAP SMS/GPRS">Transport of CoAP over SMS and GPRS</title>

    <!-- add 'role="editor"' below for the editors if appropriate -->

    <author fullname="Markus Becker" initials="M.B." role="editor"
            surname="Becker">
      <organization>ComNets, TZI, University Bremen</organization>
      <address>
        <postal>
          <street>Bibliothekstrasse 1</street>
          <code>28359</code>
          <city>Bremen</city>
          <country>Germany</country>
        </postal>
        <phone>+49 421 218 62379</phone>
        <email>mab@comnets.uni-bremen.de</email>
      </address>
    </author>

    <author fullname="Koojana Kuladinithi" initials="K.K." surname="Kuladinithi">
      <organization>ComNets, TZI, University Bremen</organization>
      <address>
        <postal>
          <street>Bibliothekstrasse 1</street>
          <code>28359</code>
          <city>Bremen</city>
          <country>Germany</country>
        </postal>
        <phone>+49 421 218 62382</phone>
        <email>koo@comnets.uni-bremen.de</email>
      </address>
    </author>

    <author fullname="Thomas Pötsch" initials="T.P." surname="Pötsch">
      <organization>ComNets, TZI, University Bremen</organization>
      <address>
        <postal>
          <street>Bibliothekstrasse 1</street>
          <code>28359</code>
          <city>Bremen</city>
          <country>Germany</country>
        </postal>
        <phone>+49 421 218 62379</phone>
        <email>thp@comnets.uni-bremen.de</email>
      </address>
    </author>

    <date year="2011" />

    <!-- If the month and year are both specified and are the current ones, xml2rfc will fill
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    <!-- Meta-data Declarations -->

    <area>Application</area>

    <workgroup>CoRE Working Group </workgroup>

    <!-- WG name at the upperleft corner of the doc,
         IETF is fine for individual submissions.
	 If this element is not present, the default is "Network Working Group",
         which is used by the RFC Editor as a nod to the history of the IETF. -->

    <keyword>CoAP, SMS, M2M, GPRS</keyword>

    <!-- Keywords will be incorporated into HTML output
         files in a meta tag but they have no effect on text or nroff
         output. If you submit your draft to the RFC Editor, the
         keywords will be used for the search engine. -->

    <abstract>
      <t>The Short Message Service (SMS) of mobile cellular networks
      is frequently used in Machine-To-Machine (M2M) communications,
      such as for telematic devices. The service offers small packet
      sizes and high delays just as other typical low-power and lossy
      networks (LLNs), i.e. 6LoWPANs. The design of the Constrained
      Application Protocol (CoAP), that took the limitations of LLNs
      into account, is thus also applicable to telematic M2M
      devices. The adaption of CoAP to the SMS transport mechanism is
      described in this document.</t>
    </abstract>
  </front>

  <middle>
    <section title="Introduction">
      <t>This specification details the usage of the Constrained
      Application Protocol on the Short Message Service of mobile
      cellular networks.</t>

      <section title="Scenarios">
      <t>
      <xref target="cell2cell_sms" /> to <xref
      target="ip2cell_sms_prov" /> show various applicable usage
      scenarios of CoAP in M2M communications.

      Two mobile cellular terminals communicate by exchanging CoAP
      Request and Response embedded into SMS PDUs (depicted in
      <xref target="cell2cell_sms" />).

      <figure align="center" anchor="cell2cell_sms" title="Cellular and Cellular Communication (only SMS-based)">
        <artwork align="center"><![CDATA[
         CoAP-REQ
+------+  (SMS)   +------+
|  A   | -------> |  B   |
|(cell)| <------- |(cell)|
+------+ CoAP-RES +------+
          (SMS)
            ]]></artwork>
      </figure>

      Two mobile cellular terminals communicate by exchanging the CoAP
      Request in an SMS PDU and the CoAP Responce using GPRS
      transport. (depicted in <xref target="cell2cell_sms_gprs" />).

      <figure align="center" anchor="cell2cell_sms_gprs" title="Cellular and Cellular Communication (SMS/GPRS-based)">
        <artwork align="center"><![CDATA[
         CoAP-REQ
+------+  (SMS)   +------+
|  A   | -------> |  B   |
|(cell)| <------- |(cell)|
+------+ CoAP-RES +------+
          (GPRS)
            ]]></artwork>
      </figure>

      An IP host and a mobile cellular terminal communicate by
      exchanging CoAP Request and Response. The IP host uses protocols
      offered by the SMS-C (e.g. Computer Interface to Message
      Distribution (CIMD <xref target="cimd" />), Universal Computer
      Protocol/External Machine Interface (UCP/EMI <xref target="ucp"
      />), Short Message Peer-to-Peer (SMPP <xref target="smpp" />) ) to
      submit an SMS for delivery, which contains the CoAP Request
      (depicted in <xref target="ip2cell_sms" />).


      <figure align="center" anchor="ip2cell_sms" title="IP and Cellular Communication (only SMS-based)">
        <artwork align="center"><![CDATA[
           CIMD
          UCP/EMI            CoAP-REQ
+------+   SMPP    +-------+   (SMS)  +------+
|  A   | --------> | SMS-C | -------> |  B   |
| (IP) | <-------- |       | <------- |(cell)|
+------+           +-------+ CoAP-RES +------+
                               (SMS)
            ]]></artwork>
      </figure>

      Again, the return path for the CoAP response might be GPRS (depicted in
      <xref target="ip2cell_sms_gprs" />).

      <figure align="center" anchor="ip2cell_sms_gprs" title="IP and Cellular Communication (SMS/GPRS-based)">
        <artwork align="center"><![CDATA[
           CIMD
          UCP/EMI            CoAP-REQ
+------+   SMPP    +-------+   (SMS)  +------+
|  A   | --------> | SMS-C | -------> |  B   |
| (IP) |           |       |          |(cell)|
+------+           +-------+          +------+
   ^                                     |
   |               +-------+             |
   |               | GGSN  |             |
   +-------------- |       | <-----------+
                   +-------+    CoAP-RES
                                (GPRS)
            ]]></artwork>
      </figure>

      There are service providers offering SMS delivery and
      notification using an HTTP/REST interface (depicted in <xref
      target="ip2cell_sms_prov" />).

      <figure align="center" anchor="ip2cell_sms_prov" title="IP and Cellular Communication (only SMS-based, using an SMS service provider)">
        <artwork align="center"><![CDATA[
                                    CIMD
          HTTP-REQ                 UCP/EMI         CoAP-REQ
+------+ (CoAP-DATA) +-----------+  SMPP   +-----+   (SMS)  +------+
|  A   | ----------> |SMS Service| ------> |SMS-C| -------> |  B   |
| (IP) | <---------- |Provider   | <------ |     | <------- |(cell)|
+------+  HTTP-RES   +-----------+         +-----+ CoAP-RES +------+
         (CoAP-DATA)                                 (SMS)
            ]]></artwork>
      </figure>

      At the moment, this document assumes the scenarios shown in
      <xref target="cell2cell_sms" />, <xref target="ip2cell_sms" />
      and <xref target="ip2cell_sms_prov" />), i.e.\ only SMS
      transport.
      </t>
      </section>

      <section title="Requirements Language">
        <t>The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
        "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
        document are to be interpreted as described in <xref
        target="RFC2119">RFC 2119</xref>.</t>
      </section>
    </section>

    <section title="Encoding of CoAP for SMS transport">
      <t>The content of SMS can be coded in 7, 8 or 16 bit characters <xref
      target="3gpp_ts23.038" />. The advantages and disadvantages
      are:

      <list style="letters">
          <t>7 bit encoding: Sending 7 bit encoded SMS possible with
          almost all devices. CoAP binary data needs to be re-encoded,
          possibly with <xref target="RFC4648">Base64 RFC
          4648</xref>.</t>

          <t>8 bit encoding: CoAP binary data does not need to be
          re-encoded. Not all telematic devices support 8 bit SMS
          encoding.</t>

          <t>16 bit encoding: CoAP binary data needs to be
          re-encoded. Not all telematic devices support 16 bit SMS
          encoding.</t>
      </list>

      The currently safest solution is to use 7 bit encoded SMS
      including Base64 encoded CoAP payload.
      </t>

    </section>

    <section title="Message Size Implementation Considerations">
      <t>Using 7 bit encoding 160 characters are allowed in 1 SMS, while
      using 8 bit encoding 140 characters are allowed. <xref
      target="3gpp_ts23.038" /></t>

      <t>Possible options for larger CoAP messages are:

      <list style="letters">
          <t>Multiple SMS concatenation</t>
          <t>CoAP Block <xref target="I-D.ietf-core-block" /></t>
      </list>
      </t>
    </section>

    <section title="Options">
      <t>Uri-Host and Uri-Port options MUST NOT be included in the
      CoAP header. End-points receiving CoAP messages over SMS with
      such options MUST behave as specified in <xref
      target="I-D.ietf-core-coap" />.</t>

      <t>Open question: Is the introduction of a new CoAP option
      Reply-To-Uri-Host necessary, if the server should use the GPRS
      transport for the Response? This relates to <xref
      target="cell2cell_sms_gprs" /> and <xref
      target="ip2cell_sms_gprs" />.
      </t>

      <texttable anchor="table_coap_option" title="New CoAP Option Numbers">

          <ttcol align="center">Number</ttcol>
          <ttcol align="center">C/E</ttcol>
          <ttcol align="center">Name</ttcol>
          <ttcol align="center">Format</ttcol>
          <ttcol align="center">Length</ttcol>
          <ttcol align="center">Default</ttcol>

          <c>17</c>
	  <c>Critical</c>
          <c>Reply-To-Uri-Host</c>
          <c>string</c>
          <c>1-270 B</c>
          <c>(none)</c>

          <c>19</c>
	  <c>Critical</c>
          <c>Reply-To-Uri-Port</c>
          <c>uint</c>
          <c>0-2 B</c>
          <c>(none)</c>
      </texttable>
    </section>

    <section title="Protocol Constants">
      <t>The RESPONSE_TIMEOUT variable SHOULD be configured for a
      higher duration than specified in <xref
      target="I-D.ietf-core-coap" />, i.e. 10 s.</t>
    </section>

    <section title="Multicast">
      <t>Multicast MUST not be used with the SMS transport.</t>
    </section>

    <section title="Proxying Considerations">
      <t>TBD (Proxying into an IPv6/v4 network (e.g. a 6LoWPAN
      network) possible?)</t>
    </section>

    <section title="SMS URI scheme for link-format">
      <t>Open question: Make use of RFC5724 SMS URI scheme?</t>
    </section>

    <section anchor="Acknowledgements" title="Acknowledgements">
      <t>This document is based on research for the research project
      'The Intelligent Container' which is supported by the Federal
      Ministry of Education and Research, Germany, under reference
      number 01IA10001.</t>
    </section>

    <!-- Possibly a 'Contributors' section ... -->

    <section anchor="IANA" title="IANA Considerations">
      <t>This memo includes no request to IANA.</t>
    </section>

    <section anchor="Security" title="Security Considerations">
      <t> This presents no security considerations beyond those in
      section 10 of the base CoAP specification <xref
      target="I-D.ietf-core-coap" />.</t>
    </section>
  </middle>

  <!--  *****BACK MATTER ***** -->

  <back>
    <!-- References split into informative and normative -->

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    <references title="Normative References">
      <!--?rfc include="http://xml.resource.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.RFC.2119.xml"?-->
      &RFC2119;

      &RFC4648;

      &I-D.ietf-core-coap;

      &I-D.ietf-core-block;

      <reference anchor="3gpp_ts23.038">
        <front>
          <title>Technical Specification: Alphabets and
          language-specific information (3GPP TS 23.038 version 10.0.0
          Release 10)</title>

          <author>
            <organization>ETSI 3GPP</organization>
          </author>
          <date year="2011" />

        </front>
      </reference>

    </references>

    <references title="Informative References">
      <reference anchor="cimd">
        <front>
          <title>CIMD Interface Specification (SMSCDOC8000.00, Nokia
          SMS Center 8.0)</title>
          <author>
            <organization>Nokia</organization>
          </author>
          <date year="2005" />
        </front>
      </reference>

      <reference anchor="ucp">
        <front>
          <title>Short Message Service Centre (SMSC) External Machine Interface (EMI) Description Version 4.3d</title>
          <author>
            <organization>Vodafone</organization>
          </author>
          <date year="2011" />
        </front>
      </reference>

      <reference anchor="smpp">
        <front>
          <title>Short Message Peer to Peer Protocol Specification
          v3.4 Issue 1.2</title>
          <author>
            <organization>SMPP Developers Forum</organization>
          </author>
          <date year="1999" />

        </front>
      </reference>

    </references>

    <!-- <section anchor="app-additional" title="Additional Stuff"> -->
    <!--   <t>This becomes an Appendix.</t> -->
    <!-- </section> -->
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</rfc>

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